Spring 2014 BioOhio The Quarterly Newsletter of the Ohio Biological Survey

In This Issue

Te Ohio Natural History Conference was Connection. Please continue to send in those ONHC 2014 held February 15, 2014 in Columbus. It was a great nominations. We accept nominations year-round. Abstracts ...... 2 event and I want to thank all of the folks that made As long as you have them in by January 1, we will it possible: paper and poster presenters, vendors, have time to consider them before the February attendees, the staf of the Ohio History Center, conference. You can learn more about the awards Metro Cuisine, Frank Brockmeyer, and the OBS on our webpage. CMNH Curator Board of Trustees. I would like to extend a special Around the time we were preparing for the Discovers 19 New Praying “thank you” to our Keynote Speaker, Dr. Gene Ohio Natural History Conference, we were also Mantis Species ...... 10 Kritsky from Mount Saint Joseph University, who receiving applications for our Small Grants Program. spoke on applying natural history, and used bees We received a number of proposals and were able as models for how humans have always looked to to fund six of them this year. Funded projects Urbanization, Higher nature for inspiration. I also want to thank Harvey include a survey of reptiles in Crawford County, Webster from the Cleveland Museum of Natural a biogeographic study of Plethodon salamanders, History, who presented a special lecture to mark Ohio millipede surveys, a study quantifying the th Patterns ...... 11 the 100 anniversary of the extinction of the distribution of sand darters in SE Ohio, surveys of Passenger Pigeon and reminded us to remember Sphagnum moss in a threatened tamarack bog, and its history in order to avoid repeating it. We had a study of the interactions of bee foral resources many more great speakers who presented on bird within agricultural regions. I would like to point Fossils Prove Historic Ohio conservation, rattlesnakes, bee diversity, white- out that the number of submissions we have been Millstones Have French tailed deer, earthworms, teaching methodology, frog receiving for small grants has declined over the Origins ...... 12 survivorship, salamander diversity, and freshwater last few years. I would encourage you and/or your mussels. We also had nineteen research posters on students to consider submitting a grant next year. a wide variety of topics. Tere was something for Tis is a priority program for OBS. As support and everyone at this year’s conference, and the abstracts funding for basic organismal research continues to Naturalist and Herbert of oral and poster presentations are featured in this decline (Tewksbury et al. 2014, BioScience 64:300- Osborn Award Info ...... 9 newsletter. We look forward to this event every year 310), we feel that we can help fll this gap. We are and it would not be possible without our members also looking for ways to increase the availability and friends. If you have comments or suggestions of funds in order to provide additional funding Organizational that might help us in the future, or if you have ideas opportunities. If you have comments or questions Contact Info ...... 9 for a keynote speaker, please don’t hesitate to contact about the program, please contact us. Grants are me at [email protected]. due by February 1 of each year and you can fnd I would also like to once again congratulate more information on our Projects Page. the recipients of our OBS Awards. Dr. Michael As always, thank you for your continued support Vincent from Miami University received the of the Ohio Biological Survey! Herbert Osborn Award, while Bob Glotzhober from the Ohio Historical Society received the OBS Naturalist Award. We are pleased to recognize their accomplishments during their very distinguished careers and appreciate those who nominated them. Both award recipients received some publicity following the announcement; Michael Vincent was recognized by The Oxford Press, while Bob Greg Smith Glotzhober was celebrated by the Ohio History Executive Director

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 1 Abstracts from the 2014 Ohio Natural History Conference

Applying Natural History Columbus during peak bird migration are pending. Tese include population periods to help guide the implementation viability modeling, population genetic work, Gene Kritsky of Lights Out Columbus. During peak and GIS modeling. Populations continue to Mount St. Joseph University bird migration periods in 2012 and 2013, be impacted by poaching, intentional killing, morning surveys for bird collisions and accidental killings, and habitat destruction Abstract: Natural history is more than nighttime surveys for lights were conducted and incompatible management practices a feld of knowledge; it has inspired the by trained volunteers along the survey route from logging. development of our cultures and early in downtown Columbus. Te number of birds technologies. Fundamental aspects of insect found at a building was positively correlated Bee Diversity and Floral Constancy development and behavior have infuenced with the building’s average light index (R2 = in Washington County, Ohio Egyptian, Greek, and Hopi myths (among 0.72, t(19) = 2.61, p = 0.000). Tis fnding others), and these cultures adapted insect supports the need for Lights Out programs MaLisa Spring, Katy Lustofn, and Dave natural history to develop new technologies to guide building owners, managers, and McShafrey and industries that changed their societies. residents in reducing nighttime lighting. Marietta College, Department of Biology and Te history of apiculture provides a case In addition to reducing energy usage and Environmental Science study of how people have applied honey bee associated costs, our data show that eforts to biology to develop new methods of increasing reduce nighttime lighting on buildings could Abstract: We examined the bee honey and wax production over the past four reduce the number of migratory birds killed populations and diversity in Washington millennia. Some of these methods (those by building collisions. County, Ohio, and the pollination services not based on sound natural history) failed, contributed by each species as denoted by the while others improved apicultural practices. The Present Status of Ohio’s Timber pollen found on the scopa. Lack of information Natural history continues to provide Rattlesnake about bee populations makes it difcult to insights that may lead to new applications in notice change in populations. Furthermore, engineering and medicine. Doug Wynn not many studies have examined the pollen Te Ohio State University, Department of collected by each individual bee. We looked Employing Lights Out Programs to Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology at bees at three sites in Washington County Reduce Bird Collisions: Results from to get a better idea of the diversity present. the Lights Out Columbus Monitoring Abstract: Timber rattlesnake studies Bees were collected every two weeks from Program were initiated in Ohio in 1989 when the April 2013 to October 2013 using pan traps Division of Natural Areas and Preserves as well as occasional supplemental vane traps Amanda Duren funded projects to collect data from the Tar and sweep-netting. A total of 2,756 bees Ohio Bird Conservation Initiative Hollow and Shawnee State Forests. Studies were collected and identifed to genus, and if have continued every year since and as possible, species. Over 33 genera of bees were Abstract: Every spring and fall, millions sample sizes have increased to 665 Timber collected, representing over 55 species in fve of birds migrate through Ohio on their way rattlesnakes, most basic natural history facts families. Te most common genera were to or from their breeding grounds. Many have changed considerably. Tis species has Andrena, Osmia, Lasioglossum, and Ceratina. birds migrate at night, and lights on tall now been documented from eight counties Over 80 bees had visible pollen loads; the buildings or aimed at the sky can disorient within the last fve years. Approximately 65 pollen was identifed to family. Pollinator them and draw them into the buildings. dens are now known. Tey are found on constancy was determined by evaluating Building collisions are a leading cause of every aspect, rocky ledges are rare, and in the diferent types of pollen collected on bird fatality in North America, estimated to some cases no rocks are visibly present. Males each individual. Most of the pollen samples kill 550 million birds each year. Lights Out average 101 cm in length (47-135) and were from Andrena spp. with more pollen programs provide an opportunity to reduce females 85 cm (45-118). Newborns (n=47) constancy in the frst sample date of April collisions by working with building owners average 31.6 cm (23.0 – 42.3) in length and 21st when Claytonia virginica is present. On and managers to reduce lighting at their have an average weight of 29.1g (10.3-44.0). later dates, Andrena was much less constant, buildings. In 2012, Lights Out Columbus Births have occurred between August 22 and collecting several diferent types of pollen. was initiated through a partnership led by September 27. Te average litter size (n=12) We provide a baseline understanding of the Ohio Bird Conservation Initiative and is only 6.6. Some aspects of their biology our current bee populations in SE Ohio, as the Grange Insurance Audubon Center. A still remain unanswered since recaptures are well as insight into the pollination services volunteer-based monitoring program was rare. For example, of the 665 encounters, of each bee species. Tis data contributes to developed to collect data on bird collisions fourteen are recaptures. Data have been nationwide research about the current status and lighting from buildings in downtown provided to other workers and their results of bee populations.

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 2 Understanding Combined Effects descriptions of fock size defy imagination. summaries. Student collected data of White-tailed Deer and Exotic Flocks darkened the skies for days on end subsequently served as preliminary evidence Earthworms on Understory Plant in migration. Nesting colonies could occupy for the modifcation of and continuation Communities in Northeast Ohio 50 square miles. And yet 100 years ago, of the survey by undergraduate research on September 1, 1914, “Martha,” the last students into 2014. Ryan J. Trimbath1,3, Colin Cope2, Rob Passenger Pigeon, fell dead of her perch at Curtis3, and Gregory A. Smith1 the Cincinnati Zoo and with that, the species Road Salt Pollution Increases 1University of Akron, Department of Biology; was extinct. Tadpole Growth but Decreases Post- 2Case Western Reserve University, Department Metamorphic Survivorship in Wood of Biology; 3Metroparks, Serving Summit The Creation, Implementation, Frogs (Rana sylvatica) County and Value of Experiential Learning Opportunities in Undergraduate Kacey L. Dananay and Michael F. Benard Abstract: Temperate forests of North Classrooms Case Western Reserve University, Department America are being altered by the combined of Biology efects of two ecosystem engineers, white- Saran Minter tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, and exotic Shawnee State University, Department of Abstract: To halt the loss of biodiversity, earthworm species from Europe and Asia. Natural Sciences it is important to understand the efects of Deer have been in the cross hairs since anthropogenic disturbance on ecological populations have grown to a nuisance level Abstract: Authentic experiences for communities. One pollutant that is due to management and the loss of top- teaching science are being increasingly increasingly recognized as a threat to the predators like wolves. Te intense pressure advocated and incorporated into curricula. environment is road salt. Road salt is the most of herbivory from white-tailed deer alters Historical paradigms of educational common de-icing agent and may contribute the structure, abundance and diversity of environments are facing increased pressure as to some amphibian declines. Multiple studies plants in the forest. Earthworms change the institutional focuses shift from the traditional have shown road salt decreases survival, physical and chemical attributes of forest delivery of knowledge via lectures towards growth and development of amphibian eggs soils, and alter plant-soil interactions which the fostering of active learning through or tadpoles. Most studies on road salt are have been suggested to facilitate changes in authentic experience. Experiential learning conducted in laboratory conditions and are understory plant communities. Past studies theory has been studied in various contexts. confned to the tadpole stage, thus potentially suggest earthworm impacts are similar to Conceptually, active experiences promote missing efects that are mediated through that of white-tailed deer, including the a deeper, more natural way of gaining other species in the aquatic community overall reduction of understory vegetation knowledge compared to learning a subject or that are incurred after metamorphosis. and the loss of native biodiversity. Tese second-hand. Te relative authenticity of an We conducted two experiments to test the species frequently co-occur, yet currently, experience plays a role in learning achieved. efect of realistic concentrations of road there have been no attempts to understand As the goals of scientifc endeavors are to salt on wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) over the combined efects of these taxa on forest acquire and explain processes of nature, multiple environments and life-stages. plant communities. My research utilized open-ended approaches should be superior Road salt did not afect tadpole survivorship deer exclosures throughout Northeast Ohio to laboratory activities with predetermined but did slow development and increased to isolate the impacts of exotic earthworms outcomes in instilling an appreciation for growth. Road salt also reduced zooplankton from those of overabundant deer populations the scientifc process. Such goals can be abundance, but increased algal growth. and elucidate how these taxa interact to reached through a multiplicity of techniques. Increased algal growth may beneft tadpoles shape our forest communities. Additionally, An example, discussed herein, is the by increasing food resources and may be a this research will help land managers incorporation of a small mammal survey result of reduced zooplankton abundance. understand how plant communities in experiment into an upper-level biology Additionally, exposure to road salt caused earthworm-invaded forests will respond to course at Shawnee State University. Students tadpoles to metamorphose at a larger size. deer management. enrolled in the course received training, After metamorphosis, juvenile frogs were identifed and established feld sites, and were moved into outdoor terrestrial pens and were Of Mast and Men: The Life, Times responsible for the collection of scientifc data raised in high and low density treatments and Demise of the Passenger Pigeon over a twelve week period. Modifcations to for approximately 18 weeks. Exposure to the experimental procedure were made as road salt during the tadpole stage increased Harvey Webster necessary throughout the semester following mortality among terrestrial, juvenile frogs Cleveland Museum of Natural History group discussions involving all participants. in high density treatments. Tese results Te survey experiment occurred in Shawnee suggest that we may be underestimating Abstract: 200 years ago, the Passenger State Forest, Portsmouth, Ohio during the the efect of environmental pollutants when Pigeon was thought to be the most numerous fall 2013 semester. Upon the completion of focusing only on one life stage or conducting species of bird on earth, accounting for 25% the project, student learning was assessed by experiments solely in laboratory settings. of all birds in North America. Frontier feld journals, data sheets, and individualized

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 3 Effects of Historic Strip Mining on Abstract: The white-tailed deer is a Prescott1, Matthew T. Rowe2, Don W. Terrestrial Salamander Diversity in challenging wildlife species to manage in Schloesser7, and Mary C. Walsh6 Tuscarawas County, Ohio metropolitan landscapes, often reaching 1Cleveland State University, Dept. of densities which exceed cultural and Biological, Geological, and Environmental Joseph K. Brady ecological carrying capacities. Cleveland Sciences; 2Central Michigan University, New Philadelphia High School Metroparks implements a population Institute for Great Lakes Research, model to guide annual management Biology Department; 3University of Abstract: Historic patterns of land efforts to reduce deer densities. However, Toledo, Dept. of Environmental Science, use can have a strong influence on the two elements of the model lacking Lake Erie Center; 4SUNY Buffalo distributions of species, and salamanders, robust estimates are fawn survival and State, Great Lakes Center; 5Kent State which tend to have a narrow range of migration. To develop better estimates University, Dept. of Biological Sciences; ecological tolerance, may be particularly of these elements, we initiated a multi- 6Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program, susceptible to habitat modifications year study to quantify doe movement Western Pennsylvania Conservancy; 7U.S. resulting from these disturbances. I and fawn survival. Twenty-one adult Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science compared salamander diversity between deer were captured using Clover traps Center forests growing atop pre-1972 un- and drop nets during winter and spring reclaimed strip mines (n=5) to similar 2012 and 2013. Mature pregnant does Abstract: Over the past 25 years, aged forests without a history of strip received a radio collar and vaginal unionids in the Great Lakes have been mining (n=5) in Tuscarawas County, implant transmitter. Young does received under “attack” by dreissenid mussel Ohio, using time-constrained transect a microchip and ear tags only. Thirty- colonization which directly (e.g., attach searches during the fall 2012 and spring one neonatal fawns were hand-captured to unionid shells) and indirectly (e.g., 2013 seasons. The survey revealed 1,480 and fitted with expandable radio collars. eat foods of unionids) have caused severe salamander individuals, representing 11 Four fawns were associated with collared mortality. However, several refuges have different species. Salamander species does; the remainder were found during also been found where unionids appear richness was higher in forests without dedicated searches or reported by to survive in the presence of dreissenid a history of strip mining (mean species landowners. At six months from birth, mussels. This study developed systematic richness = 7.0 + 1.2 SD) than in mined we recorded seven fawn mortalities and methods to assess known and possible forests (mean species richness = 4.2 + seven shed collars. Three mortalities additional unionid refuges in order to .45 SD; T-test, p = 0.0014), although were deer-vehicle collisions; two were develop predictive models which can this difference was attributable to the starvations, and two were predations. be used to locate other refuges where complete absence of stream-dependent Average six-month survival was 71%. unionid surveys were not performed. species in the mined forests. Mean Tracking of collared animals continues, We discovered several unionid numbers of salamander individuals and analysis of movement and home refuges in lakes St. Clair and Erie and encountered did not differ between range is ongoing. Collared does show connecting channels, documented un-mined and mined forests (143+42 similar home ranges before and after species abundance and diversity of these SD and 153+101 SD individuals, parturition, but a range contraction refuges, and classified known refuges respectively; T-test, p = 0.84). The occurs during the two-week period by their priority to preserve healthy survey revealed new county records immediately before and after parturition. unionid populations. The highest- for Ambystoma jeffersonianum and Fawns associated with collared does quality assemblages (i.e., true refuges Hemidactylium scutatum. This survey maintain home ranges contained within from impacts of dreissenids) appear to suggests that un-reclaimed strip mines their dam’s home range. Deer living be concentrated in the St. Clair delta, a can provide suitable habitat for many of primarily in residential areas appear to select few coastal wetlands and drowned Ohio’s terrestrial salamanders, but water maintain smaller home ranges than deer river mouths in the western basin of quality may limit the colonization of living primarily in natural areas. Lake Erie, and in Thompson Bay at these sites by stream-dependent forms. Presque Isle. Results of the present study Freshwater Mussels in Lake Erie: indicate unionid refuges have persisted White-tailed Deer Doe Movement What Remains 25 Years After the in the Great Lakes for at least 25 years, and Fawn Survival in an Urban Park Dreissenid Invasion? and newly discovered refuges indicate System there are probably more at, as yet, Robert A. Krebs1, David T. Zanatta2, unknown locations. In addition, at least Sara Kennedy1,2, Terry Robison2, and Jonathan M. Bossenbroek3, Lyubov one species, Leptodea fragilis, continues Stan Gehrt1 E. Burlakova4, Todd D. Crail3, to persist in Lake Erie in good numbers, 1Te Ohio State University, School of Ferenc de Szalay5, Traci A. Griffith2, and a handful of others exist at very low Environment and Natural Resources; Doug Kapusinski5, Alexander Y. densities. 2Cleveland Metroparks Karateyev4, Elizabeth S. Meyer6, Wendy L. Paterson2, Trevor J.

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 4 Poster Presentations an indication of conservation success. We lines when possible. Shells of dead mussels have established two butterfy monitoring were collected and are held at Cleveland transects as outlined by the Ohio State University. Many live mussels were Bird Occupancy: Matrix Versus Lepidopterists Long-Term Monitoring found in Eagle Creek (n=675), consisting Habitat protocol. Te Mount Saint John Front Field of eight species. All sites were dominated by (MSJ-FF) transect is 80% open meadow/ the fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea), which Bryce T. Adams and Karen V. Root prairie habitat. Te Mount Saint John comprised 73% of live mussels. One-way Bowling Green State University, Department Woodland and Prairie (MSJ-WP) transect ANOVA showed signifcant diferences in of Biological Sciences is 80% woods and edge habitat. During a length and estimated age between some of 4-year span, we have recorded 57 species the sites. Te largest and oldest mussels were Abstract: Te rate of future change in belonging to the Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, found at the furthest upstream site, which is habitat is unlikely to exceed changes to the Pieridae, Lycaenidae, and Nymphalidea located approximately 0.5 miles downstream matrix for human-dominated landscapes families. Both transects are dominated by of a dam in Garrettsville. However, there as most habitat is already lost or protected. the cabbage white. In addition, MSJ-FF were no consistent patterns in size and age We tested the implications of future counts are dominated by species of sulphurs distribution, diversity, or abundance along matrix change relative to habitat loss and and skippers preferring open habitat while the direction of the stream. Future studies fragmentation by extensively surveying the MSJ-WP is dominated by woodland/ will investigate the local hydrologic variables midwestern breeding bird species in a edge species of emperors, anglewings, and that may infuence diversity, abundance, size, mixed-disturbance biodiversity hotspot, little wood satyrs. Several non-resident and age of freshwater mussels throughout the Oak Openings Region of northwestern southern sulphur species make regular the entire Upper Mahoning River watershed. Ohio, from 23 May – 2 July 2013. We yearly appearances. In August 2012, we modeled occupancy for several species after documented the frst occurrence of the rare Shelter Competition Between controlling for detection bias, individual stray southern species, the dainty sulphur Orconectes species responses to spatial scale, and (Nathalis iole) in Greene Co, OH. Southern rusticusO. site variables. While we detected modest emigrant skippers make regular appearances. obscurus), and a Native Benthic efects of habitat loss and fragmentation, As butterfy populations respond to climate Stream Fish (central mottled sculpin) occupancy rates were strongly infuenced change, we will work to provide a diverse by deteriorating matrix quality, and native plant community and habitat for both Kailey N. Cooper and Jennifer M. Clark responses were generally negative. Our northern extension and withdrawal. Hiram College, Department of Biology fndings support the notion that spatial distributions of midwestern breeding birds Survey of Freshwater Mussels in Abstract: Invasive crayfsh are a major are infuenced by the matrix, and in highly Eagle Creek, Portage and Trumbull concern in aquatic ecosystems and can modifed landscapes, the relative infuence Counties, OH have devastating impacts on both plant of these efects are large compared to habitat and animal communities. Te rusty crayfsh loss and fragmentation. We recommend Matt Begley and Robert Krebs (Orconectes rusticus), is a common invasive conservation strategies that focus eforts on Cleveland State University, Department of in the Great Lakes region and has had improving matrix quality. Biological, Geological, and Environmental detrimental impacts in both lake and Science stream ecosystems through destruction of macrophyte beds, outcompeting native Measure Conservation Success and Abstract: Between May and August, crayfsh for shelters which often increases Population Shifts Due to Climate 2013, surveys were conducted for freshwater susceptibility to fsh predation), and Change mussels (Unionidae) in Eagle Creek, which hybridizing with native crayfsh producing is located in Portage and Trumbull Counties. competitively superior individuals. Although Michele Banker and Elisabeth Rothschild Eagle Creek is located in an agricultural many species are outcompeted by the rusty Marianist Environmental Education Center, watershed and is part of the Upper Mahoning crayfsh, some species seem to be able to Dayton, OH River watershed. Te stream was surveyed at coexist. In this study, we used an artifcial eight sites between Garrettsville, OH, and stream to investigate the competitive Abstract: Butterfy population the confuence with the Mahoning River. superiority between the invasive rusty surveys provide a tool for measurement of Visual surveys were used in most areas, as crayfsh, native crayfsh (O. obscurus) and conservation and habitat restoration quality. was permitted by the shallow water. Tactile central mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) fshes Many butterfy species have highly specifc searches and mussel rakes were also used for shelter. Te following combinations were host plant requirements beside their need to survey deeper areas and to fnd smaller tested: 10 O. obscurus + 10 C. bairdi, 10 O. for sufcient nectar/food sources. Butterfy mussels. Mussels were removed from the rusticus + 10 C. bairdi, and 10 O. obscurus + surveys can reveal increases in diversity sediment and collected for identifcation of 10 O. rusticus. Only 10 PVC shelters were of native plant communities and habitats species, measurement of maximum length, used to limit shelter availability. During achieved through restoration, thereby giving and estimation of age by counting growth each 24-hour trial, shelters were monitored

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 5 for species occupancy at dawn, afternoon, Histological Analysis of tadpoles nor snails. Behavioral assays allowed and dusk. Our results show that invasive Reproduction Biology of a Estuarine us to determine how often both species rusty crayfsh occupied signifcantly Chrysaora quinquecirrha) occupied tank walls, and if snail presence more shelters than the native crayfsh altered tadpole activity. After the experiment (P = 0.0042). However, combinations of Jessica Gezymalla, Talia Young, Jim we compared tadpole mass and developmental both invasive and native crayfsh with Vasslides, and Mahealani Kaneshiro- (Gosner) stage across treatments. Zooplankton the central mottled sculpin showed that Pineiro and chlorophyll a densities were measured neither crayfsh displayed competitive Hiram College, Department of Biology, to determine the efects of each treatment superiority over this benthic fsh (P > Rutgers Marine Field Station, and Barnegat on abundance and primary productivity. 0.05). Overall, this suggests that the rusty Bay Partnership Predictions for the interspecifc treatment crayfsh may be able to outcompete native included lower survival and development in O. obscurus for shelter. Abstract: Te sea nettle, Chrysaora both species, lower zooplankton abundance quinquecirrha, is a stinging scyphozoan and primary productivity due to higher Seasonal Distribution of Female jellyfsh found in abundances that can be abundance of consumers, and more snails Eastern Box Turtles in the Oak problematic for locals and tourists in the and tadpoles on sides of mesocosms due to Openings Region Mid-Atlantic. Histological techniques were hiding space competition. We also predicted used to assess three questions relevant to that larger, more highly developed animals Matthew D. Cross1, Gregory Lipps, Jr.2, sea nettle management in New Jersey: 1) in interspecifc treatments could provide and Karen V. Root1 Are historically used visual methods of sex evidence for facilitation. Studying efects of 1Bowling Green State University, identifcation accurate? 2) What is the sex interspecifc competition may reveal new Department of Biological Sciences; 2Gregory ratio of sea nettles in Barnegat Bay? and 3) information about competing species and Lipps, LLS, Delta, OH What percentage have reached maturity? their ecosystems. If our predictions are valid, Sea nettle gonads were extracted, embedded snails and tadpoles could experience lower Abstract: Eastern box turtles on slides, and analyzed for presence of egg survival and development in diverse ponds and (Terrapene c. carolina) are a species on the or sperm, egg size, and presence of ruptured be forced into shallower water, leaving them decline throughout their remaining range sperm follicles in order to determine sex and more vulnerable to land-dwelling predators. and are one of nine model species for maturity. Visual methods were more accurate Lower primary productivity and zooplankton the Green Ribbon Initiative in the Oak when identifying males than females. Tere abundance could have a negative impact on Openings Region of northwest Ohio. As were more females than males and most other species that utilize these resources. is true with many holistic conservation males were immature. Learning more about plans, the frst step is to identify critical the sex ratio and sexual maturity of sea First Observation of the Eastern Sand areas and habitat for the focal species in nettles may cast light on their reproductive Darter (Ammocrypta pellucida) in a given region. To this end, we used box strategies—sexual reproduction in the Raccoon Creek (Ohio River Basin) in turtle presence data from an ongoing medusa stage or asexual reproduction in Southeastern Ohio in 57 Years telemetry study and reported sightings the polyp stage—which may be relevant to to build month-to-month and yearly managing populations. Rob Hopkins habitat suitability models depicting University of Rio Grande occurrence probability within the Oak Interactions Between Green Frog Openings Region. Our models indicated Tadpoles and Freshwater Snails Abstract: Te Eastern Sand Darter that habitat type, soil type, and canopy (Ammocrypta pellucida) has a broad and sporadic density were the most important predictor Laura Hill and Michael F. Benard distribution in eastern North America. Once variables and, to a lesser extent, elevation Case Western Reserve University common, the species has experienced a sharp and distance to edge habitat. Month-to- decline in its range during the last 50 years month models showed seasonal shifts in Abstract: Interspecifc competition can primarily because of habitat destruction. predicted distribution with May having be an important limiting factor in growth and Populations now persist only in isolated the largest diference in predictive overlap. development. Previous studies have found localities that contain clean, sandy substrates. Analysis of the distribution of occurrence evidence of both competition and facilitation In this paper, we document the presence of probability quantiles (0-100) revealed between tadpoles and snails. To test the the Eastern Sand Darter in Racoon Creek there to be a disproportionately large hypothesis that green frog (Rana clamitans) in southeastern Ohio, where it had not been amount of highly-ranked habitat within tadpoles compete with freshwater snails reported in over 57 years, and briefy review protected areas, particularly the Oak (Planorbella trivolvis) for food and space, we its historical and contemporary distribution Openings Preserve. Our results highlight manipulated the presence of both species to throughout the state. Tis new distributional temporal shifts in habitat usage and determine efects of interspecifc interactions observation suggests stabilization and perhaps distribution for box turtles in this region on growth, development, and behavior. gradual recovery of an ecologically sensitive and can be used to guide conservation Treatments included snails alone, tadpoles species recently considered for federal listing. eforts. alone, snails and tadpoles together, and neither

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 6 Exotic Ants (Hymenoptera: Anna L. Kamnyev and Volker Bahn tested for efects of Rodeo™ on cricket Formicidae) of Ohio” Wright State University, Department of frog survival, growth, and development, Biological Sciences and Brukner Nature Center and compared environmentally relevant Kal Ivanov concentrations of the active ingredient (a.i.), Cleveland State University, Department of Abstract: No studies of pileated glyphosate (0.0mg/L, 0.75mg/L, 1.5mg Biological, Geological, and Environmental woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) have been /L, 2.5mg/L), across difering application Sciences and John Carroll University, done in southwestern Ohio, where agriculture time points (larval period exposure, post- Department of Biology is prevalent and forests are signifcantly metamorphosis exposure, and combined fragmented. Pileated woodpeckers have larval stage and post-metamorphosis Abstract: Te worldwide transfer of been shown to require large forest fragments exposure). Rodeo™ exposures were plants and animals outside their native (>100 ha) that encompass large older or conducted via static renewal for 16 days. We ranges is an ever-increasing problem for dead trees for foraging and excavating. found that Rodeo™ did not alter time to global biodiversity. Ants are no exception Nevertheless, the species persists and are metamorphosis, nor juvenile mass; however, and many species have been transported to commonly seen in smaller woodlots and even 2.5 mg a.i./L signifcantly decreased tadpole new locations with often profound negative residential neighborhoods containing highly survival to metamorphosis, while lower impacts on local biota. Te current study is developed areas with a scarce abundance doses of Rodeo™ did not afect tadpole based on new, mostly qualitative, records and of trees. Te objective of this study was to survival. Moreover, our results indicated observations gathered since the publication determine the forest fragment size, isolation, that if cricket frog tadpoles survive to of Te Ants of Ohio in 2005. Here I extend and structure preferred by D. pileatus for metamorphosis, Rodeo™ exposure (0.75 the present knowledge of the Ohio’s ant breeding habitat. We sampled 37 forest and 1.5mg a.i./L) to juveniles did not fauna with the inclusion of newly discovered fragments varying in size and isolation for signifcantly alter survival. Additionally, exotic species, and the incorporation of D. pileatus cavities and forest characteristics we will be testing efects of Rodeo™ on new distributional and ecological data. As and used LiDAR remote sensing data to cricket frog immune defense traits known a result of the current study, the number of analyze forest complexity. We hypothesized to contribute to pathogen resistance. known ant species in the state is increased that D. pileatus relative abundance would Pathogens are a leading cause of amphibian to 133. Ohio’s exotic ant fauna includes increase with forest fragment size, density declines globally; therefore, understanding notorious ant invaders, major nuisance of dead trees, and forest vertical complexity, how anthropogenic environmental changes pests, and species whose status is currently but decrease with isolation. Te hypotheses may alter disease resistance traits is crucial poorly understood. Tis list contains 10 that size and isolation of a forest fragment for amphibian conservation. species (~8% of Ohio’s myrmecofauna) infuence D. pileatus habitat choices were with origins in a variety of geographic rejected. However, snag density, directly First-year Water Quality and regions, including Central and South relating to food and shelter requirements for Macroinvertebrate Changes America, Europe, Australia, and Asia. Two D. pileatus, showed the predicted association After Low-Head Dam Removal on rather distinct groups of exotics, somewhat with woodpecker activity, as did forest Baldwin Creek (Cuyahoga Co., OH) dissimilar in their geographic origin, occur height and forest complexity. in Ohio: a) 3 species of Eurasian origin that Jenn R. Lenart and R. Chris Stanton have established reproducing populations Practically Non-toxic to Aquatic Baldin Wallace University outdoors; and b) 7 species of subtropical/ Organisms? The effects of RodeoTM tropical origin currently confned to man- Herbicide Exposure on Northern Abstract: Baldwin Creek is a tributary made structures. Only a single species Cricket Frogs (Acriss crepitans) of the Rocky River in northeast Ohio that (Nylanderia favipes) is seen, at present, to drains a 9.8 square-mile area. In November be of concern although its efects on local Katherine L. Krynak and Michael F. 2012, three low-head dams were removed ant communities seem largely restricted Benard from the lower stretch of the creek because to already anthropogenically disturbed Case Western Reserve University, Department they were no longer needed or functional. habitats. A continual careful sampling of of Biology Tese dams also acted as barriers between disturbed areas, urban sites, plant nurseries, native invertebrate and fsh populations, and conservatories would be worthwhile Abstract: Glyphosate-based herbicides including the state-threatened bigmouth to extend and build upon our current are commonly used to manage invasive shiner (Notropis dorsalis). Te objectives knowledge of Ohio’s exotic ant fauna where plants in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. of this project were to document summer new arrivals are undoubtedly to be expected. Acute toxicity studies have categorized water quality parameters and evaluate the Rodeo™ as “practically non-toxic to aquatic macroinvertebrate community before and The Role of Patch Size, Isolation, organisms.” Rodeo™ herbicide is routinely after dam removal. Water quality data were and Forest Condition on Pileated used to control narrow-leaved cattail and collected from May to August of 201 –2013 Woodpecker Occupancy in common reed in ponds where cricket frogs and macroinvertebrates were evaluated Southwestern Ohio reside. Efects of Rodeo™ on amphibians in July of 2012 and 2013. In less than one have gone largely untested. Our research year post-removal, water quality showed

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 7 signs of improvement in temperature and Effect of Wildlife-Friendly Gardening A Preliminary ATBI (All-Taxa Biotic dissolved oxygen levels. Tere was also an on Species Interactions Inventory) for the Barbara A. Beiser increase in the richness and evenness of the Field Station, Washington County, macroinvertebrate community, indicating Jennifer S. Malpass1 and Amanda D. Ohio progress in biological conditions. Overall, Rodewald2 the elimination of these dams has been an 1Te Ohio State University, School of Dave McShafrey1, Derek Hennen2,1, immediate success in removing physical Environment and and Natural Resources; MaLisa Spring1, Katy Lustofn1, and barriers, improving water chemistry, and 2Cornell University Destiny Remeneric3 restoring a more balanced ecological 1Marietta College, Department of Biology community. Baldwin Creek will continue to Abstract: Urban development often and Environmental Science and Institute of be monitored during the summer for longer- afects resource availability in ways that can Arthropod Research; 2University of Arkansas, term changes and impacts of dam removal. infuence not only community structure, but Department of Entomology; 3Marietta College, key species interactions that shape population Department of Biology and Environmental Semionellus placidus natural history dynamics. Although some resources changes Science and distribution in the Mid-Ohio are unintentional, other changes deliberately Valley aim to improve habitat for urban wildlife, Abstract: Te Barbara A. Beiser particularly songbirds. Wildlife-friendly Field Station occupies approximately 31 Katy Lustofn gardening practices seek to increase the hectares at 39.419270N and 81.361025W Marietta College, Department of Biology and suitability of yards for wildlife, for both the along 780m of the Little Muskingum Environmental Science beneft of wildlife and the people who wish to River in Washington County, Ohio. Te view them. Tese programs often encourage land rises steeply from 180m AMSL at Abstract: Semionellus placidus increasing vegetation structure and providing the river to 275m AMSL on the adjoining (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae) has food, but little research has addressed the ridge about 500m distant. Since 2008, a sporadic distribution, occurring in ecological efects of these recommendations, the property has been managed as a feld 4 distinct populations in Michigan, particularly on species interactions. We station by Marietta College under an Indiana, Minnesota/Wisconsin, and investigated if increasing woody cover agreement with the Friends of Lower west central Virginia. It has additionally and food availability might inadvertently Muskingum River, a land trust. From been reported from a single specimen in attract nest predators. We surveyed nest 2008 to 2013 the property was sampled by Monroe County, Ohio. Two years ago, predator activity and characterized habitat classes from the college and by individuals Derek Hennen discovered a population using aerial imagery of seven suburban working on taxa-specifc projects at the Barbara M. Beiser Field neighborhoods in Franklin County, Ohio (Hemiptera, Diplopoda, Apidae, Reptilia, Station in Washington County, Ohio, from April through August 2011-2013. In Amphibia); other opportunistic sampling approximately 25 miles downriver from 2013 we added experimental bird feeders to also occurred. Collected specimens were where the Monroe County specimen some neighborhoods in which bird food was the largest single source of data for the was found. Little has previously been previously limited. Predator activity varied ATBI and were collected via a wide range published on the natural history and widely among individual yards, but contrary of techniques mostly aimed towards habits of this millipede, which is known to our expectations, the amount of trees and arthropods. Te next largest number of to fuoresce under UV light. Using a shrubs was not a strong predictor of predator records were based on photographs taken UV fashlight, I surveyed 7 sites within activity. However, adding bird food to at the station. Additional records were Washington County and one site in neighborhoods was associated with increased collected from lists and other observations neighboring Wood County, WV for the detections of an important nest predator and made while at the station and contain over presence of S. placidus throughout the brood parasite, the brown-headed cowbird 435 species. Over 70% of the species are summer and fall of 2013. Two of the sites (Molothrus ater). Tus, our research suggests arthropods; chordates and plants make surveyed, Haught Run and Hune Bridge, that while some vegetation recommendations up approximately equal numbers of the are located along the Little Muskingum for wildlife-friendly gardening do not remaining species. Southeastern Ohio’s River, between the Beiser Field Station necessarily attract predators of songbird nests, biota has been poorly documented; it and the Monroe County site. S. placidus encouraging people to provide bird feeders is likely that some of these species are was in only one new site, Haught Run. could result in unintended consequences county or even state records, but the Distribution of the millipede within for breeding songbirds. Because nest present fragmentation of biological its range appears to be clumped, with predation remains the leading cause of avian records between scattered printed journals relatively high densities where it is found. reproductive failure, additional research that and incomplete online databases makes Te millipede is active for several weeks clarifes how resource availability infuences this difcult to determine without careful in October, burrowing shallowly into the species interactions will facilitate the creation species-by-species evaluations. Te ATBI soil during the day and emerging into the of management recommendations that is ongoing with focused attention on trees leaf litter around sunset. increase the conservation value of urban and shrubs planned for 2014. environments for songbirds.

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 8 Baseline Data Collection of Abiotic tornado with winds ranging from 179-217 rookery on private property 5.87 km from Parameters and Invertebrate kph impacted the forests of the Secrest the wetland in August 2010 and May 2013. and Fish Communities Prior to Arboretum at the OARDC campus of Tese transponders were injected into Restoration Efforts of Eagle Creek Te Ohio State University, providing an adult frogs of two species, the American opportunity to quantify the recovery of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) and the Zachary C. Nemec, Sara E. Piccolomini, a relatively undisturbed natural forest green frog (Lithobates clamitans). Both and Jennifer M. Clark ecosystem. Following the tornado, we specimens are larger than the median for Hiram College, Department of Biology established a grid of geo-referenced points the species in this wetland. Tis study in the tornado-impacted stand and an represents one aspect of a larger on-going Abstract: Biodiversity and habitat adjacent unimpacted reference stand for project evaluating the growth and success structure/properties of stream ecosystems comparisons of forest composition and of populations within the wetland and the are dramatically infuenced by surrounding structure. In 2013, using these same geo- wetland’s overall health. land use. Anthropogenic impacts such referenced locations, pitfall traps were as logging, agriculture, urbanization, installed at each sampling location in order Seasonal Changes in the damming, and mining have all been to quantify the ground beetle (Family: Macroinvertebrate Community shown to cause decreased stream health Carabidae) and spider (Order: Araneae) and Water Chemistry in Four and negative impacts on invertebrate and communities. In addition, spiders were Headwater Streams in Southeast fsh communities. Prior to being obtained sampled visually, with a beating tarp, and Ohio During Summer and Fall by the college, the Hiram College Eagle using leaf litter extraction. Ground beetles Creek restoration site was heavily logged. In and spiders were preserved in 70% ethanol Chelsea Wallace and Kelly Johnson addition to other upstream and downstream and will be identifed to species allowing Ohio University (a large dam) impacts, these land use for comparisons of community composition changes have caused heavily eroded banks, and abundance. Overall, we found lower Abstract: In intermittent streams, high turbidity, increased sandy sediments, densities of beetles in the tornado impacted macroinvertebrate communities and and poor canopy cover to occur within compared to the unimpacted stand, and water chemistry can be strongly this site. Surveys of biotic communities similar densities of spiders in both sites. As structured by rainfall-related fow, channel and abiotic parameters were taken prior to we continue to study these communities, we wettedness, and seasonal patterns of diverting the channel to collect baseline data will develop a better understanding of role development of individual taxa. We used that will be used to compare stream quality that natural disturbances, and the legacies a modifed bucket method to monitor and health in years to come now that the of these disturbances, play in regulating the taxonomic richness and abundance of diversion has been completed as of August structure and composition of ground beetle macroinvertebrates in four headwater 2013. An Invertebrate Community Index and spider communities. Such information streams in southeast Ohio at 2-3 week and Fish Biotic Index will be calculated is important as we develop restoration intervals from late May to August, upon completion of sample sorting and strategies that emulate natural models of 2013. Stream wettedness and water pH, identifcation to catalog overall stream ecosystem development. conductivity and temperature were also health of the Eagle Creek prior to the monitored. Te highest recorded family restoration project. Prey Size Selection in the Great level taxa richness out of our four stream Blue Heron (Ardae herodias) at a reaches was 10 compared to the lowest Effects of an EF-2 Tornado on Restored Wetland in Northwest Ohio of 3. Mayfies (Leptophlebiidae), isopods Ground Beetle (Family: Carabidae) (Asellidae), and midges (Chironomidae) and Spider (Order: Araneae) Tracy A. Swanson and Christopher M. were the most numerically dominant taxa. Communities in a North-Central White Te Leptophlebiidae exhibited a pattern Ohio Forest University of Findlay of decline through the summer to fall. Te Chironomidae and Asellidae exhibited Sarah J. Rose and Charles P. Goebel Abstract: Great blue heron (Ardae mixed patterns of abundance through Te Ohio State University, School of herodias) foraging has been observed in summer to fall. From early October to Environment and Natural Resources Spurgat Wetland, a newly constructed November, additional measures of water (2007) wetland in northwest Ohio. Te chemistry were recorded before and after Abstract: In the Central Hardwood objective of this project is to study heron rainstorms to investigate the efect of Forest region, catastrophic winds associated feeding ecology, specifcally selection of rain events on water chemistry in two with thunderstorms and tornadoes are anurans as prey items. Te recovery of stream reaches. Te range of pH varied important natural disturbances that two transponders from the remains of in from 7.55 to 8.50 and 7.23 to 8.29. afect ecosystem structure and function. defecated (or regurgitated) frogs tagged Conductivity varied from 511 to 721 Few studies, however, have evaluated the at Spurgat Wetland support observations and 639 to 1137. Generally, conductivity natural succession of a forest impacted of heron foraging at the wetland. Te decreased with precipitation while pH by catastrophic winds. In 2010, an EF-2 transponders were recovered from a heron increased.

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 9 CMNH Curator Discovers 19 New Praying Mantis Species

Dr. Gavin Svenson, curator of said Svenson of Te Cleveland Museum of that pursue prey as opposed to ambush invertebrate zoology at Te Cleveland Natural History. “Tis violates the common hunters that wait for prey to come close. Museum of Natural History, has discovered perception of praying mantises being slow Also, like a similar bark mantis group from 19 new species of praying mantis from and methodical hunters.” Australia (Ciulfna), this Neotropical group Central and South America. Te new Like most praying mantises, they are does not appear to exhibit cannibalism, species of bark mantises were discovered highly camoufaged. Tis group is very which is an often misunderstood in tropical forests and also found among difcult to locate because of their adept characteristic exhibited by some praying existing museum collections. Svenson mimicry of bark, moss, and lichen. Tey mantis species. described the new species and published a often evade discovery by running to the Te research brings to light a previously revision of the genus Liturgusa in the open opposite side of the tree before being unknown diversity of bark mantises. It access journal ZooKeys. noticed, an escape tactic also seen in many indicates that there are many more species Svenson collected the insects from eight tree-dwelling lizards. to discover. countries in Central and South America, as “Tis is an amazing behavior for an “Based on this study, we can predict well as gathering hundreds of specimens insect because it shows that they are not that mantis groups with similar habitat from 25 international museums in North only relying on camoufage like most specialization in Africa, Asia, and Australia America, South America, and Europe. insects, but are constantly monitoring their will also be far more diverse than what is Many of the newly described species environment and taking action to run and currently known,” said Svenson. “Many are known only from a few specimens hide,” said Svenson. “In addition, some of these groups have never been studied collected before 1950 from locations that species leap of the tree trunk to avoid other than by the scientists that originally are now heavily impacted by agriculture or capture and play dead after futtering down described some of the species, which in development. to the forest foor, since none of the species some cases is more than 100 years ago. “Tis group, the Neotropical bark are strong fiers.” Tis is exciting because enormous potential mantises, are incredibly fast runners that As highly visual predators, the bark exists for advancing our understanding of live on the trunks and branches of trees,” mantis species appear to be active hunters praying mantis diversity just by looking

This female specimen of Liturgusa krattorum was captured in dense rainforest along the Amazon River in northern Peru. © Gavin Svenson, CMNH.

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 10 within our existing museum collections and biology. Liturgusa fossetti is named in honor conducting a few feld expeditions.” of the late James Stephen Fossett for his Te discovery of these 19 new species inspirational dedication to exploration. triples the diversity of the group that Liturgusa bororum is named for the Bora scientists thought had only a few species people, a group of people native to parts with broad geographical ranges. Te of the Amazon basin in northern Peru, research indicates that most species are far Columbia, and Brazil. Liturgusa tessae more restricted in their locations within is named for Svenson’s daughter, Tessa. regions of Central and South America. Liturgusa zoae is named for Svenson’s Tis increased diversity and better measure daughter, Zoey. of distribution has broad implications for Svenson’s research is focused on the conservation since many of the species were evolutionary patterns of relationship, found in or near natural areas that may or distribution, and complex features of may not be protected. Te conservation praying mantises. His current research status of some of the new mantises found project aims to align new sources of in museum collections is not known since relationship evidence (DNA sequence they have not been seen since originally data) with morphology and other features collected in the early 1900s and could be to create a new and accurate classifcation highly threatened or even extinct. system for praying mantises that refects Among the new species, Liturgusa true evolutionary relationships. algorei is named for Albert Arnold “Al” Tis project was supported by the Gore Jr., former vice president of the National Science Foundation under United States of America, to honor his grants to Gavin J. Svenson, Jason Cryan, environmental activism and eforts to raise and Michael Whiting. Te project was public awareness of global climate change. also supported by the David M. Kennedy Liturgusa krattorum is named for Martin Center for International Studies of and Chris Kratt, hosts and creators of Brigham Young University, the New York Kratts’ Creatures and Wild Kratts, both of Male and female Liturgusa fossetti. State Museum and the Muséum National which provide children with entertaining d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. and accurate programming on animal Svenson, CMNH.

An international team of researchers has Te work was done by researchers at North of the same species emerged in either rural found that a subset of common butterfy Carolina State University, Case Western areas in the warmer parts of Ohio, or urban species are emerging later than usual in Reserve University, the Instituto de Pesquisas areas in colder parts of Ohio. “Even though urban areas located in warmer regions, raising Ecológicas in Brazil, and the University of butterfies often change their emergence questions about how the insects respond to Maryland. predictably to small increases in temperature, signifcant increases in temperature. Te researchers used the Ohio monitoring these species responded in unexpected ways “We know that butterfies emerge earlier in data from the years 1996 to 2011 to establish to larger increases in temperature,” Wepprich North Carolina than they do in New England, when each species emerged at each site every says. because it’s warmer,” says Tyson Wepprich, a year, when each species’ population numbers “Scientists often use analogies for global Ph.D. student at NC State and co-author of peaked at each site every year, and the last climate change, such as urban warming, a paper describing the work. “We also know recorded observation of each species at each to understand how species might respond that cities are heat sinks that are warmer than site every year. Te researchers also looked at to a warmer future,” Wepprich adds. “Tis outlying areas, so we wanted to see whether the temperature and urban density around allows us to estimate which species are more butterfies would emerge earlier in cities than each monitoring site. vulnerable to climate change. they do in more rural environments.” “Te combined efect of an urban area “We don’t really know precisely where To address the question, the research team and a warmer part of the state appeared to the tipping point is, or why only some species focused on 20 of the most common butterfy delay emergence in seven of the 20 species,” respond this way, but something is happening species found in Ohio. Te team used data from Wepprich says. here. We’re still working to better understand the Ohio Lepidopterists, whose volunteers Te afected species in these areas, what’s going on with these butterfy species monitor butterfy populations at sites across including the Eastern Tiger Swallowtail, and what consequences there may be for their Ohio every week from April through October. emerged days or weeks after other butterfies populations.”

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 11 Fossils Prove Historic Ohio Millstones Have French Origins

Dr. Joseph Hannibal, curator of from freshwater deposits. Te fossils invertebrate paleontology at Te Cleveland found in this stone include freshwater Museum of Natural History, studied snails and algae. Te French stone dates fossils to confrm that stones used in from the Tertiary Period (from 65 to 2.6 19th century Ohio grain mills originated million years ago), which is geologically from France. Fossils embedded in these younger than the Ohio stone. millstones were analyzed to determine “Te story of the importation of this that stones known as French buhr were stone from France is not widely known,” imported from regions near Paris, France, said Hannibal. “Tey are not always to Ohio in the United States. Hannibal correctly identifed as being from France. was lead author on research published Based on the stones we have examined, it in the Society for Sedimentary Geology is clear that the French stone was more Detail of charophyte algae found in a journal PALAIOS. popular. Examples of millstones made French buhr millstone from Duncan Grist Te study documents a technique that of this stone are widespread in North uses fossils to defnitively distinguish America and throughout the world. So French buhr from similar-looking Ohio the use of fossils for their identifcation is the French stone, was quarried in eastern chert (also known as fint). Te most a broadly applicable concept.” and southeastern Ohio at localities revealing fossil is a 1 mm wide reproductive During the late 18th and 19th century, including the famous locality of Flint structure of a charophyte (a type of algae large amounts of stone known as French Ridge. also known as a stonewort) that occurs in buhr were imported from France to “Many millstones have been identifed the rocks of the Paris Basin, a geological Ohio and other states in North America as being made of French stone or Ohio province centered around Paris, France. for the manufacture of millstones. Te stone,” said Hannibal. “But since the stones Millstones made of Ohio chert were French stone was preferred by grain used are generally similar in color and found to contain typical saltwater marine millers over locally found stone because other properties, I questioned how these fossils that are much older than the fossils it was considered superior in cutting stones had been identifed as originating found in French buhr. Tese include grain that sifted more easily to produce from France or Ohio. When visiting brachiopods and small oval fossils called white four. Te Ohio cities of Cleveland the remains of an old mill in Trumbull fusulinids. Tese Ohio rocks date from and Cincinnati were major centers for County, Ohio, we frst noticed that there the latter part of the Paleozoic era (about manufacture of millstones made of this were charophytes in some millstones. Our 300 million years ago). Alternatively, the French stone. However, local Ohio stone, study progressed from there.” French stone is made from rock derived some of it similar in color and texture to Te study was done over a period of fve years. Te research team searched 60 millstone sites, looking at several hundred millstones. A total of 16 millstones containing fossils were included in the study. Te research team, which included college students and high school students, analyzed wafer-thin samples of rock under microscopes. Te team also applied liquid rubber latex to stone surfaces to obtain impressions of fossils such as snails for investigation. Four college students, two from Kent State University, one from Heidelberg University, and one from Oberlin College, are coauthors of this study. Te study is ongoing and is part of a broader research project on the geology of millstones and the trans-Atlantic stone trade. Millstones in about 30 Ohio counties have been studied to date as part Millstone made of French buhr at the site of Clover Hill of this larger project.

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 12 The Herbert Osborn Award Organizational Members: Contact Information Purpose: The Ohio Biological Survey, in honor of The University of Akron Cedarville University Cleveland State University its founder, established the Herbert Osborn Award Dept. of Biology Dept. of Science and Dept. of Biological, to recognize noteworthy accomplishments and ASEC D401 Mathematics Geological, and Akron, OH 44325-3908 251 N. Main St. Environmental Sciences (330) 972-7155 Cedarville OH 45314 2121 Euclid Avenue objectives of the Ohio Biological Survey. The Award fax: (330) 972-8445 (937) 766-7940 Cleveland, OH 44115-2214 is presented on an annual basis, and was initiated in www.uakron.edu/biology www.cedarville.edu/ (216) 523-7270 1991. academics/sciencemath/ www.csuohio.edu/sciences/ ASC Group dept/biology/ 800 Freeway Drive North Recipients of the Herbert Osborn Suite 101 Central State University Award will be individuals who have made an Columbus, OH 43229 Dept. of Natural Sciences Columbus Audubon (614) 268-2514 Benjamin Banneker 505 W. Whittier St. exceptional contribution through consistent research Science Bldg. Columbus, OH 43215 publications to the advancement of knowledge fax: (614) 268-7881 www.ascgroup.net/index.html Wilberforce, OH 45384 (614) 545-5475, ext. 307 concerning the occurrence, distribution, taxonomy, (937) 376-6357 [email protected] Ashland University fax: (937) 376-6585 www.columbusaudubon.org www.centralstate.edu/ The intent of the Award is to recognize relevant Dept. of Biology/Toxicology (419) 289-5261 academics/arts_science/ accomplishments and service over a period of years. nsmcs/biology/index.html Metropolitan Park District of www.ashland.edu/departments/ Columbus & Franklin County biology-toxicology 1069 W. Main St. OBS Naturalist Award Cincinnati Museum Center Westerville, OH 43229. Aullwood Audubon Center 1301 Western Ave. General Info: (614) 508-8000 Purpose: The Ohio Biological Survey wishes to and Farm Cincinnati, OH 45203-1129 www.metroparks.net 1000 Aullwood Road (513) 287-7020 Dayton, OH 45414-1129 1-800-733-2077 contributions to our understanding and conservation (513) 890-7360 www.cincymuseum.org Columbus Natural History of the natural heritage of Ohio. web4.audubon.org/local/ Society sanctuary/aullwood/ c/o Robert C. Glotzhober Cincinnati Zoo Ohio Historical Society An individual selected to receive Boonshoft Museum of and Botanical Garden 1982 Velma Avenue the Ohio Biological Survey Naturalist Award will Discovery 3400 Vine Street Columbus, OH 43211-2497 have worked energetically to acquire or disseminate 2600 DeWeese Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45220 (614) 297-2633 Dayton, OH 45414-5499 (513) 281-4700 [email protected] knowledge, conserve natural areas, and/or foster our (937) 275-7431 1-800-94-HIPPO www.columbusnaturalhistory. www.boonshoftmuseum.org www.cincinnatizoo.org org awardee will be an active contributor over a period of years in pursuit of the activities concerning the natural Bowling Green State University Dept. of Biological Sciences Clarion University Columbus Zoo and Aquarium heritage of Ohio. Bowling Green, OH 43403 Dept. of Biology 9990 Riverside Drive (419) 372-2332 Clarion, PA 16214 P.O. Box 400 fax: (419) 372-2024 www.clarion.edu/art-sci/biology/ Powell, OH 43065 Small Grants www.bgsu.edu/departments/ index.htm (614) 645-3550 biology/ www.colszoo.org OBS offers small grant programs to support work that Cleveland Metroparks occurs partially or wholly in Ohio, and that promotes Brukner Nature Center 4101 Fulton Parkway Crane Hollow Preserve the Survey’s objectives. The Survey offers this support 5995 Horseshoe Bend Road Cleveland, OH 44144 18038 State Route 374 to individual members and institutional/corporate Troy, OH 45373 (216) 351-6300 Rockbridge, OH 43149 (937) 698-6493 members from monies derived from a portion of TTY (216)351-0808 (740)438-5777 [email protected] www.clemetparks.com [email protected] dues income. Applicants for individual small grants www.bruknernaturecenter.com must be current individual members of the Survey or Case Western Reserve The Cleveland Museum Crawford Park District employees/members of the institution or corporation University, Dept. of Biology of Natural History 2401 St. Rte. 598 that is a Survey member. Proposals should be received 10900 Euclid Avenue 1 Wade Oval Drive Crestline, OH 44827 on or before February 1 of each granting year. Cleveland OH 44106 University Circle (419) 683-9000 (216) 368-3557 Cleveland, OH 44106-1767 fax: (419) 683-6281 fax: (216) 368-4672 (216) 231-4600 www.crawfordparkdistrict.org www.case.edu/artsci/biol/ www.cmnh.org form, at www.ohiobiologicalsurvey.org/projects/.

Ohio Biological Survey - Individual Membership

membership to individuals. Individual members are entitled to a 20% discount on all Survey publications, will receive the Survey’s newsletter, BioOhio, Dues schedule: Students and Retired Members: $15/year; Regular Members: $25/year; Lifetime Regular Membership: $500; and Lifetime Retired Membership (60 or older): $100. If you are interested in becoming a member, please send your name, address, and dues to Ohio Biological Survey, P.O. Box 21370, Columbus, OH 43221-0370.

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 13 Cuyahoga Community College Geauga Park District Lake Metroparks University of Minnesota ODNR, Division of Forestry 700 Carnegie Avenue 9160 Robinson Road 11211 Spear Road Dept. of Entomology 2045 Morse Rd., Building H-1 Cleveland, Ohio 44115 Chardon, OH 44024-9148 Concord Twp., OH 44077 1980 Folwell Ave Columbus, OH 43229-6693 (216) 987-2350 (440) 286-9516 (440)-358-7275 219 Hodson Hall (614) 265-6694 http://www.tri-c.edu/programs/ fax: (440) 286-1285 1-800-227-7275 St. Paul, MN 55108 fax: (614) 447-9231 liberalarts/biology info@ geaugaparkdistrict.org www.lakemetroparks.com (612) 624-3636 www.dnr.state.oh.us/forestry www.geaugaparkdistrict.org fax: 612-625-5299 MAD Scientist and www.entomology.umn.edu The Dawes Arboretum ODNR, Division of Great Lakes Environmental Associates 7770 Jacksontown Rd. SE Natural Areas and Preserves Center (GLEC) 253 N. State Street, Suite 101 Mount St. Joseph University Newark, OH 43056-9380 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. C-3 1295 King Avenue Westerville, OH 43081-1584 Dept. of Biology (740) 323-2355 Columbus, OH 43229 Columbus, Ohio 43212 (614) 818-9156 5701 Delhi Road 1-800-44-DAWES (614) 265-6453 (614) 487-1040 fax: (614)818-9157 Cincinnati OH 45233-1670 www.dawesarb.org www.ohiodnr.com/dnap www.glec.com www. (513) 244-4401 environmentalconsultingohio. http://tinyurl.com/cmpjejn University of Dayton Hamilton County Park District com ODNR, Division of Dept. of Biology 10245 Winton Road Mount Union College Parks and Recreation 300 College Park Cincinnati, OH 45231 Malone University Biology Department 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. C-3 Dayton, OH 45469-2320 (513) 521-PARK Dept. of Natural Sciences Bracy Hall Columbus, OH 43229 (937) 229-252 www.hamiltoncountyparks.org 2600 Cleveland Avenue NW Alliance, OH 44601 www.ohiodnr.com/parks www.udbiology.com Canton, OH 44709 (330) 823-3672 Heidelberg College 1-800-521-1146 [email protected] Dept. of Biology www.malone.edu/academics/ raider.mountunion.edu/bi ODNR, Division of Wildlife 310 E. Market St. natural-sciences 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Natural Sciences and Mount Vernon Columbus, OH 43229-6605 Mathematics 1-800-HEIDELBERG Marietta College Nazarene University (614) 265-6300 701 N. Clinton St. www.heidelberg.edu/ Dept. of Biology and Biology Deptartment 1-800-WILDLIFE academiclife/depts/bio Environmental Science 800 Martinsburg Rd. www.ohiodnr.com/wildlife 1-800-520-GODC Rickey Science Center Mount Vernon, OH 43050 Hiram College 215 S. 5th Street (740) 392-6868 Ohio Historical Society NS_majors_biology.html P.O. Box 67 Marietta, OH 45750 www.mvnu.edu/academics/ 1982 Velma Ave. Hiram, OH 44234 bio.department.marietta.edu natsocsci/biology/biology.asp Columbus, OH 43211 Denison University (330) 569-3211 (614) 297-2300 Dept.of Biology www.hiram.edu/biology Marietta College, Barbara A. Muskingum College ohsweb.ohiohistory.org Samson Talbot Hall Besier Field Station Dept. of Biology Granville, OH 43023 Hocking College Rickey Science Center 163 Stormont St. The Ohio Lepidopterists (740) 587-6261 School of Natural Resources 215 S. 5th Street New Concord, OH 43762 1315 Kinnear Rd. www.denison.edu/academics/ 3301 Hocking Parkway Marietta, OH 45750 (740) 826-8220 Columbus, OH 43212 departments/biology/ Nelsonville, OH 45764 www.muskingum.edu/home/ (877) 462-5464 admission/majors/biology/1. www.ohiolepidopterists.org www.hocking.edu html EcoAnalysts, Inc. Marietta Natural History Ohio Northern University 1420 S. Blaine, Suite 14 Holden Arboretum Society The Nature Conservancy 525 S. Main Street Moscow, ID 83843 9500 Sperry Rd. P.O. Box 983 Indiana Chapter Ada, OH 45810 (208) 882-2588 Kirtland, OH 44094 Marietta, OH 45750 1505 N. Delaware St., Suite 200 (419) 772-2325 [email protected] (440) 256-1110 www.marietta.edu/~biol/mnhs/ Indianapolis, IN 46202 www.onu.edu/a+s/biology www.ecoanalysts.com (440) 946-4400 mnhs.html (317) 951-8818 www.holdenarb.org fax: (317) 917-2478 Marshall University www.nature.org/wherewework/ The Ohio Ornithological Ecological Specialists, Inc. John Carroll University Division of Biological northamerica/states/indiana Society 1417 Hoff Industrial Ct. University Heights, OH 44118 Sciences P.O. Box 14051 O’Fallon, MO 63366 (216) 397-4294 1 John Marshall Drive The Nature Conservancy Columbus, OH 43214 (636) 281-1982 fax: (216) 397-4981 Huntington, WV 25755 Ohio Chapter www.ohiobirds.org Contact@EcologicalSpecialists. www.jcu.edu/biology (304) 696-3148 6375 Riverside Dr., Suite 100 com www.marshall.edu/biology Dublin, OH 43017 www.ecologicalspecialists.com Ohio Prairie Association Kent State University (614) 717-2770 ATTN: K. Roger Troutman Dept. of Biological Sciences Miami County Park District http://tinyurl.com/bvnox2b 3360 State Route 546 Envirotech Consultants, Inc. 256 Cunningham Hall 2645 East St. Rt. 41 5380 TWP 143 NE P.O. Box 5190 Troy, OH 45373 Northern Kentucky www.ohioprairie.org Somerset, OH 43783 Kent, OH 44242-0001 (937) 335-6273 University (740) 743-1669 330-672-3613 fax: (937) 335-6221 Dept. of Biological Sciences Fax: (740) 743-1669 fax: 330-672-3713 www.miamicountyparks.com Nunn Drive Ohio River Valley Water [email protected] www.kent.edu/biology Highland Heights, KY 41099 Sanitation Commission www.envirotechcon.com Miami University (849) 572-5110 (ORSANCO) Kenyon College, Brown Dept. of Botany biology.nku.edu 5735 Kellogg Avenue Family 316 Pearson Hall Cincinnati, OH 45230 Erie MetroParks Environmental Center Oxford, OH 45056 Oberlin College (513) 231-7719 3910 Perkins Ave. 9781 Laymon Rd. (513) 529-4200 Dept. of Biology fax: (513) 231-7761 Huron, OH 44839 Gambier, OH 43022 fax: (513) 529-4243 Science Center K123 www.orsanco.org (419) 625-7783 (740) 427-5050 www.cas.muohio.edu/botany 119 Woodland St. [email protected] [email protected] Oberlin, OH, 44074 www.eriemetroparks.org bfec.kenyon.edu Miami University (440) 775-8315 The Ohio State University, Dept. of Zoology new.oberlin.edu/arts-and- Marion Campus 1469 Mt. Vernon Ave. University of Findlay Lake Erie College 212 Pearson Hall sciences/departments/biology Marion, OH 43302 1000 North Main Street 391 West Washington Street Oxford, OH 45056 Ohio Bluebird Society (740) 725-6254 Findlay, OH 45840 Painesville, Ohio 44077 (513) 529-3100 PMB 111, 343 W. Milltown Road osumarion.osu.edu (419) 422-8313 (440) 296-1856 zoology.muohio.edu Wooster, OH 44691 (419) 434-4822 www.lec.edu www.ohiobluebirdsociety.org http://tinyurl.com/crfyswj

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 14 The Ohio State University Strategic Environmental and U.S. Geological Survey School of Environment and Ecological Services, Inc. Ohio District Natural Resources 653 McCorkle Blvd, Suite G 6480 Doubletree Ave. 210 Kottman Hall Westerville, OH 43082 Columbus, OH 43229-1111 2021 Coffey Road (614) 891-6905 (614) 430-7700 Columbus, OH 43210 fax: (614) 891-6915 fax: (614) 430-7777 (614) 292-2265 www.strategicenvironmental.net oh.water.usgs.gov/about_ senr.osu.edu us.htm Metro Parks: Summit County 975 Treaty Line Rd. Ohio University Akron, OH 44313 The Wheaton Club Dept. of Biological Sciences (330) 867-5511 [email protected] 107 Irvine Hall www.summitmetroparks.org Athens, OH, 45701 The Wilderness Center, Inc. (740) 593-2290 Thomas More College 9877 Alabama Ave. S.W. fax: (740) 593-0300 333 Thomas More Parkway P.O. Box 202 www.biosci.ohiou.edu Crestview Hills, KY 41017 Wilmot, OH 44689 (859) 341-5800 (330) 359-5235 Ohio University www.thomasmore.edu/biology www.wildernesscenter.org Dept. of Environmental and Board of Trustees Plant Biology Metropolitan Park District of The Wilds Scott Pendleton (Chair) - Cadiz Animal Clinic Porter Hall 315 the Toledo Area 14000 International Rd. Athens OH 45701 5100 W. Central Ave. Cumberland, OH 43732 Jeff Brown (Secretary) - Stantec (740) 593-1126 Toledo, OH 43615 (740) 638-5030 fax: (740) 593-1130 (419) 407-9700 www.thewilds.org Bob Deal - Shawnee State University www.plantbio.ohiou.edu www.metroparkstoledo.com Wittenberg University Mark Dilley - Mad Scientist and Associates Toledo Naturalists’ 200 West Ward St. Andrew Gibson - (Student Member) Ohio University Ohio Wesleyan University Association 19800 Sugar Dept. of Zoology Creek Rd. www5.wittenberg.edu/ Bob Glotzhober - Ohio Historical Society (retired) 61 S. Sandusky St. Bowling Green, OH 43402 academics/biology.html Delaware, OH 43015 www.toledonaturalist.org Constance Hausman - Cleveland Metroparks (740) 368-3885 Wood County Park District James Lane (Treasurer) - GBQ Redbank Advisors bio.owu.edu/zoo.htm The Toledo Zoo 18729 Mercer Rd. Anthony Wayne Trail Bowling Green, OH 43402 Jason Larson - Richland County Park District Ohio Wildlife Center 2 Hippo Way (419) 353-1897 Steve Madewell - Metroparks of the Toledo Area 6131 Cook Rd. Toledo, OH 43609 www.woodcountyparkdistrict. Powell, OH 43065 (419) 385-5721 org David McShaffrey - Marietta College (614) 734-9453 www.toledozoo.org www.ohiowildlifecenter.org The College of Wooster Kendra Wecker - ODNR, Division of Wildlife Transystems Dept. of Biology 5747 Perimeter Dr., #240 J.G. Mateer Hall Royal Ontario Museum: Dublin, OH 43017-3256 931 College Mall Executive Director Natural History (614) 336-8480 Wooster, OH 44691 Greg Smith - University of Akron 100 Queen’s Park www.transystems.com (330) 263-2379 Toronto, ON fax: (330) 263-2378 M5S 2C6 University of Cincinnati www.wooster.edu/Academics/ Business Manager/Publications Director www.rom.on.ca/collections/ Dept. of Biological Sciences Areas-of-Study/biology Gene Kritsky - Mount St. Joseph University history.php Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006 (513) 556-9740 Wright State University http://www.artsci.uc.edu/ Dept. of Biological Sciences Otterbein College, Dept. of departments/biology.html 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway Frank Brockmeyer Biology and Earth Science 235A BH 1 Otterbein College University of Toledo Dayton, OH 45435 Westerville, OH 43081 Stranahan Arboretum (937) 775-2655 Corporate Counsel (614) 823-1517 4131 Tantara Drive fax: (937) 775-3320 Peter Precario - Precario Law; www.otterbein.edu/public/ Toledo, OH 43623 www.wright.edu/biology Academics/Departments/ Midwest Biodiversity Institute (419) 841-1007 BiologyandEarthScience.aspx Fax: (419) 530-4421 Xavier University www.utoledo.edu/nsm/ Dept. of Biology Copy Editor/Designer Ramser Arboretum arboretum 3800 Victory Parkway Jessee J. Smith 24565 Danville-Jelloway Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45207 Danville, OH 43014 U.S. Fish & Widlife Service (513) 745-3807 (740) 501-4166 Ohio: Ecological Services www.xavier.edu/biology [email protected] 4625 Morse Road, Suite 104 Youngstown State University Columbus, OH 43230 Dept. of Biological Sciences www.ohiobiologicalsurvey.org Shawnee State University (614) 416-8993 1 University Plaza 940 Second Street www.fws.gov/midwest/Ohio Youngstown, OH 44555 Portsmouth, OH 45662-4344 (330) 941-3601 [email protected] www.shawnee.edu/acad/ns/ U.S. Forest Service fax: (330) 941-1483 biology.html Wayne National Forest web.ysu.edu/stem/biology 13700 US Highway 33 www.facebook.com/ Stantec Nelsonville, OH 45764 Zane State College: Parks, 11687 Lebanon Rd. (740) 753-0101 Recreation, and Wildlife OhioBiologicalSurvey Cincinnati, OH 45241 www.fs.fed.us/r9/wayne 1555 Newark Rd. (513) 842-8200 Zanesville, OH 43701 fax: (513) 842-8250 (740) 454-2501 twitter.com/ www.stantec.com www.zanestate.edu/programs/ OhioBioSurvey parks-recreation-and-wildlife

Volume 22 No. 2 Page 15