11. Metadata, Metamodelling, and Metaprogramming
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Semantic Navigation of Large Code Bases in Higher-Order, Dynamically Typed Languages
Semantic Navigation of Large Code Bases in Higher-Order, Dynamically Typed Languages S. Alexander Spoon and Olin Shivers College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30032 Abstract— Chuck is a new code browser that allows navigation formed by deeper semantic connections between elements of of a code base along semantic structures, such as data-flow and the code, such as the data- and control-flow induced by the higher-order control-flow relationships. Employing the fast DDP dynamic semantics of the language. (In particular, note that type inferencer, it is effective on dynamically typed code bases an order of magnitude larger than the code bases supported by control flow in a higher-order functional or object-oriented previous browsers. Chuck supports the full Smalltalk language, language is no longer directly encoded in the syntax of the lan- and is now shipped as a standard component of the Squeak guage.) For example, semantic navigation allows programmers open-source Smalltalk system, where it routinely works with code to navigate from a new expression to the expressions that use bases exceeding 300,000 lines of code. Chuck’s implementation is objects created by that expression. It allows programmers to tuned for interactive use, and is transparently integrated with the Squeak system’s existing code-browsing tools. Thus, it provides navigate from a message-send expression to the narrow set of semantic navigation of a live code base that is still being edited methods that might respond to that specific invocation. These without requiring long pauses for reanalysis due to edits of the links, whose increased precision and tighter bounds help guide code. -
1 Lesson 2 VARIABLES Aim Understanding How Computer
Lesson 2 VARIABLES Aim Understanding how computer programs store values, and how they are accessed and used in computer programs. WHAT ARE VARIABLES? When you input data (i.e. information) into a computer the data is stored in the computer’s memory. To visualise this, you might think of the computer’s memory as millions of little boxes, each holding a single value. Normally, each box is numbered starting at zero. As a computer uses binary numbers (made up of 0s and 1s), the boxes may be numbered something like this: 10100010, which is 162 in decimal. The actual number of boxes depends on the amount of memory in the specific computer. When data is put into the computer, the computer stores the data in the boxes that are part of the computer’s Random Access Memory (RAM), and the number of those boxes is referred to as the memory address. Obviously, for humans to refer to memory addresses by their binary index would be very difficult, so programming languages use a device called a variable. A variable is a word label that the programmer assigns to a piece of data, so they don’t need to worry about where it is stored in memory or how to tell the computer where to find it. Variables are simple memory boxes with names. You, the programmer, supply these names. For example, the following lines first declare a variable called myAge of data type Integer (it will store whole numbers), and then assigns the integer value 25 to myAge : Dim myAge As Integer myAge = 25 When you declare a variable, you must give it a name (and then compiler will claim some memory space and associate the name with the binary address), and specify the type of data that will be stored in that variable. -
On the Naming of Methods: a Survey of Professional Developers
On the Naming of Methods: A Survey of Professional Developers Reem S. Alsuhaibani Christian D. Newman Michael J. Decker Michael L. Collard Jonathan I. Maletic Computer Science Software Engineering Computer Science Computer Science Computer Science Kent State University Rochester Institute of Bowling Green State The University of Akron Kent State University Prince Sultan University Technology University Ohio, USA Ohio, USA Riyadh, Saudi Arabia New York, USA Ohio, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—This paper describes the results of a large (+1100 Here, we focus specifically on the names given to methods responses) survey of professional software developers concerning in object-oriented software systems. However, much of this also standards for naming source code methods. The various applies to (free) functions in non-object-oriented systems (or standards for source code method names are derived from and parts). We focus on methods for several reasons. First, we are supported in the software engineering literature. The goal of the interested in method naming in the context of automatic method survey is to determine if there is a general consensus among summarization and documentation. Furthermore, different developers that the standards are accepted and used in practice. programming language constructs have their own naming Additionally, the paper examines factors such as years of guidelines. That is, local variables are named differently than experience and programming language knowledge in the context methods, which are named differently than classes [10,11]. Of of survey responses. The survey results show that participants these, prior work has found that function names have the largest very much agree about the importance of various standards and how they apply to names and that years of experience and the number of unique name variants when analyzed at the level of programming language has almost no effect on their responses. -
Metamodeling and Method Engineering with Conceptbase”
This is a pre-print of the book chapter M. Jeusfeld: “Metamodeling and method engineering with ConceptBase” . In Jeusfeld, M.A., Jarke, M., Mylopoulos, J. (eds): Metamodeling for Method Engineering, pp. 89-168. The MIT Press., 2009; the original book is available from MIT Press http://mitpress.mit.edu/node/192290 This pre-print may only be used for scholar, non-commercial purposes. Most of the sources for the examples in this chapter are available via http://merkur.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/pub/bscw.cgi/3782591 for download. They require ConceptBase 7.0 or later available from http://conceptbase.cc. Metamodeling and Method Engineering with ConceptBase Manfred Jeusfeld Abstract. This chapter provides a practical guide on how to use the meta data repository ConceptBase to design information modeling methods by using meta- modeling. After motivating the abstraction principles behind meta-modeling, the language Telos as realized in ConceptBase is presented. First, a standard factual representation of statements at any IRDS abstraction level is defined. Then, the foundation of Telos as a logical theory is elaborated yielding simple fixpoint semantics. The principles for object naming, instantiation, attribution, and specialization are reflected by roughly 30 logical axioms. After the language axiomatization, user-defined rules, constraints and queries are introduced. The first part is concluded by a description of active rules that allows the specification of reactions of ConceptBase to external events. The second part applies the language features of the first part to a full-fledged information modeling method: The Yourdan method for Modern Structured Analysis. The notations of the Yourdan method are designed along the IRDS framework. -
Jquery Fundamentals Rebecca Murphey [ Jquery Fundamentals Rebecca Murphey [ Copyright © 2010
jQuery Fundamentals Rebecca Murphey [http://www.rebeccamurphey.com] jQuery Fundamentals Rebecca Murphey [http://www.rebeccamurphey.com] Copyright © 2010 Licensed by Rebecca Murphey under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States license [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/us/]. You are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and remix this work, provided you attribute the work to Rebecca Murphey as the original author and reference the GitHub repository for the work [http://github.com/rmurphey/jqfundamentals]. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same, similar or a compatible license. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to the license [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/]. Table of Contents 1. Welcome ....................................................................................................................... 1 Getting the Code ........................................................................................................ 1 Software ................................................................................................................... 1 Adding JavaScript to Your Page ................................................................................... 1 JavaScript Debugging ................................................................................................. -
OMG Meta Object Facility (MOF) Core Specification
Date : October 2019 OMG Meta Object Facility (MOF) Core Specification Version 2.5.1 OMG Document Number: formal/2019-10-01 Standard document URL: https://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/2.5.1 Normative Machine-Readable Files: https://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20131001/MOF.xmi Informative Machine-Readable Files: https://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20131001/CMOFConstraints.ocl https://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20131001/EMOFConstraints.ocl Copyright © 2003, Adaptive Copyright © 2003, Ceira Technologies, Inc. Copyright © 2003, Compuware Corporation Copyright © 2003, Data Access Technologies, Inc. Copyright © 2003, DSTC Copyright © 2003, Gentleware Copyright © 2003, Hewlett-Packard Copyright © 2003, International Business Machines Copyright © 2003, IONA Copyright © 2003, MetaMatrix Copyright © 2015, Object Management Group Copyright © 2003, Softeam Copyright © 2003, SUN Copyright © 2003, Telelogic AB Copyright © 2003, Unisys USE OF SPECIFICATION - TERMS, CONDITIONS & NOTICES The material in this document details an Object Management Group specification in accordance with the terms, conditions and notices set forth below. This document does not represent a commitment to implement any portion of this specification in any company's products. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. LICENSES The companies listed above have granted to the Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG) a nonexclusive, royalty-free, paid up, worldwide license to copy and distribute this document and to modify this document and distribute copies of the modified version. Each of the copyright holders listed above has agreed that no person shall be deemed to have infringed the copyright in the included material of any such copyright holder by reason of having used the specification set forth herein or having conformed any computer software to the specification. -
Function Declaration Vs Function Definition Javascript
Function Declaration Vs Function Definition Javascript Haemolytic and Cenozoic Oliver harmonise so schematically that Mylo democratising his pipestones. Morly glad-hands her mess indecently, valerianaceous and leaden. Awed Son still partialised: meticulous and rakehell Maynord lip quite apogamously but brooms her fragments suicidally. For earth, you register forward grasp a function or class however often do want, but you hold only half have one definition for it. And definition apply only declared inside the declarations load before everything is vs function declarations are like statements, and that concerns me a lookup to. Use inline comments sparingly. You well always dark the assignments that destructuring would generate yourself. There are leaving different ways that function expressions become more gas than function declarations. Wrapped lines are not indented. There can javascript function definition contains styles that we can write less work around docker is vs expression vs declarations are some different. Ecma RF patent policy. Function Definition, on than other hand, refers to the actual function that specifies the function name, return types and parameters with the function body. Made a banana cake! Functions that create values are easier to man in new ways than functions that directly perform side effects. Introduction to the old function simply want name may want the javascript function declaration vs definition. In javascript ad click help request that sort of declaring global is definitely a constant variable called a duplicate variable? Being declared inside multiple functions vs declaration declares that specifies how to declare it appears in. Read to Stay Baffled. But simply calling functions vs definition indicates the javascript function definitions: there is definitely on a react. -
Metamodeling the Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model
Metamodeling the Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model Robson N. Fidalgo1, Edson Alves1, Sergio España2, Jaelson Castro1, Oscar Pastor2 1 Center for Informatics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife(PE), Brazil {rdnf, eas4, jbc}@cin.ufpe.br 2 Centro de Investigación ProS, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, España {sergio.espana,opastor}@pros.upv.es Abstract. A metamodel provides an abstract syntax to distinguish between valid and invalid models. That is, a metamodel is as useful for a modeling language as a grammar is for a programming language. In this context, although the Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) Model is the ”de facto” standard modeling language for database conceptual design, to the best of our knowledge, there are only two proposals of EER metamodels, which do not provide a full support to Chen’s notation. Furthermore, neither a discussion about the engineering used for specifying these metamodels is presented nor a comparative analysis among them is made. With the aim at overcoming these drawbacks, we show a detailed and practical view of how to formalize the EER Model by means of a metamodel that (i) covers all elements of the Chen’s notation, (ii) defines well-formedness rules needed for creating syntactically correct EER schemas, and (iii) can be used as a starting point to create Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools for EER modeling, interchange metadata among these tools, perform automatic SQL/DDL code generation, and/or extend (or reuse part of) the EER Model. In order to show the feasibility, expressiveness, and usefulness of our metamodel (named EERMM), we have developed a CASE tool (named EERCASE), which has been tested with a practical example that covers all EER constructors, confirming that our metamodel is feasible, useful, more expressive than related ones and correctly defined. -
Software Development and Coding Standards
Software Development and Coding Standards Falko Kuester and David Wiley Visualization and Interactive Systems Group Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California, Irvine 537 Engineering Tower Irvine, California 92697-2625 Visualization and Graphics Research Group Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing Department of Computer Science University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8562 December 10, 2001 1 Preface Every programmer inherently learns and practices a custom programming style. The reason for this is no doubt rooted in how programmers learn to program: a snippet from this book, a line from that, an algorithm from this magazine, an array class from that. Every programmer is essentially a melting pot for the many different styles that exist. It is left to the statistically inclined reader to determine just how many combinations are possible and at which frequency. Having a custom style is generally suitable as long as the programmer abstains from interacting with other programmers and decides to be a prisoner to that particular style. Aside from the usual social discontinuities, problems surface when programmers begin to mingle. A random sample of C++ source code from the Internet will yield a variety of C++ dialects. Either you will learn some new things or your eyes will tire from poorly written code. The one constant is that you will never find two programmers that do things exactly the same way. Even more problems occur when teams of programmers must work together. In this environment source code can make round trips through programmers, changing ever so slightly in each iteration. Small scale battles can occur in these code bytes in the form of moving curly braces and parenthesis around, adding or removing spaces, tabbing this, carriage- returning that, commenting this, not commenting at all, renaming variables, or using for loops instead of while loops. -
Consideration of Risk and Safety in Metamodeling System of Stratification
405 Consideration of Risk and Safety in Metamodeling System of Stratification Valdemar Vitlinskyi Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, 54/1, Peremohy Ave., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine [email protected] Vyacheslav Glushchevsky Zaporizhzhya National University, 9, Engineer Preobrazhensky Ave., Zaporizhia, 69000, Ukraine [email protected] Abstract. The development of the concept and tools of stratification metamodeling (SMM) is proposed, which is a new object-oriented methodological approach to the synthesis of a complex model of the economic system (enterprise), in particular, in order to distinguish the set of variants of the combination of heterogeneous object-components of its various strata into a single hierarchical structure. It is emphasized that it is necessary to consider conceptual provisions and tools for evaluation and management of such systemic characteristics as safety and risk in the system of the SMM in order to increase the sustainability of the economic system under consideration. Keywords: risk management, economic security, stratification of hierarchical systems, metamodeling, architectural methodology, enterprise reference modeler, informational technologies. 1 Introduction Socioeconomic systems (SES), first of all anthropogenic microeconomic systems, objectively inherent risks that are permanently modified in the dynamic environment, conflict with each other, creating new, unknown till present time risks. By substantially reducing one of the risk groups, we can thus increase the risks associated with another group. The multidimensionality of these risks permanently creates threats to the economic security of the SES. In our opinion, economic security is an integrated system characteristic, which depends on the stability, the permissible level of risk, the controllability of parameters in order to ensure the development and protection of vital economic interests of the individual and society, economic stability of the subjects of economic relations and the economy as a whole [1]. -
CSCI 431-001 Java Language Programming
CS5000: Foundations of Programming Mingon Kang, PhD Computer Science, Kennesaw State University Overview of Source Code Components Comments Library declaration Classes Functions Variables Comments Can be anywhere in the source code A compiler ignores the block Three kinds of comments: /* text */ The compiler ignores everything from /* to */ /** documentation */ This indicates a documentation comment // text The compiler ignores everything from // to the end of the line Javadoc Generate Java code documentation in HTML format from Java source code /** * The HelloWorld program implements an application that * simply displays "Hello World!" to the standard output. * * @author Mingon Kang * @version 1.0 * @since 2015-08-01 */ public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World!"); } } http://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_documentation.htm Library declaration Declare libraries that need to load in the program Set of dynamically loadable libraries User-defined library import package_name e.g. import java.io.*; import com.sun.*; http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/ Identifiers The name of a variable or other items such as class, method, object defined in a program. Unlimited-length sequence of letters and digits Begin with a letter, the dollar sign "$", or the underscore character "_“. No digit Subsequent characters may be letters and digits, dollar signs, or underscore characters Neither commas nor blanks are not permitted. No special symbols other than underscore -
NET Framework Guidelines and Best Practices
DBHDS Business Solution Development Jefferson Building, 5rd Floor [email protected] .NET Framework Guidelines and Best Practices Application Architect: Mario Epps DBHDS Business Solution Development Jefferson Building, 5rd Floor [email protected] Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services - Abstract Abstract This document describes the coding style guidelines for native .NET (C# and VB.NET) programming used by the Business Solutions Development team. Application Architect: Mario Epps .NET Framework Guidelines and Best Practices Contents Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services - Abstract ......................................................... 2 Overview .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Principles & Themes 3 General Coding Standards................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Clarity and Consistency 5 2.2 Formatting and Style 5 2.3 Using Libraries 7 2.4 Global Variables 7 2.5 Variable Declarations and Initializations 7 2.6 Function Declarations and Calls 8 2.7 Statements 10 2.8 Enums 11 2.8.1 Flag Enums 14 .NET Coding Standards ..................................................................................................................................... 18 3.1 Design Guidelines for Developing Class Libraries 18 3.2 Files and Structure 18 3.3 Assembly