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United States Patent Office Patented June 10, 1947 2,422,089 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINATED QUINONES Harry H. Fletcher, Nutley, N. J., assignor to United States Rubber Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application July 13, 1944, Serial No. 544,821. 5. Clains. (Cl. 260-396) 1. 2 This invention relates to the production of went comprises, sulfuric and acetic acids the con chlorinated quinones from amino-substituted centration of the acetic acid is between 45 and benzenes and Inaphthalenes. 75%, the remainder being sulfuric acid of 96% An object of the invention is to provide in concentration. A preferred mixture consists of proved processes of converting primary and sec about equal parts of sulfuric acid (96%) and Ondary amino-derivatives of benzene, and pri acetic acid (glacial). If desired, the mixture may mary and secondary. alpha-amino-derivatives of be diluted with an equal weight of water. Sub naphthalene, directly, to chlorinated quinones by stantial yields are also obtainable When the cont the action of elemental chlorine, with economy centration of acetic acid is as low as 25%. of materials and/or increased yields of the final 0. In dealing With a reaction Solvent of aqueous products, especially chloranil (from the amino Sulfuric acid for the amino-naphthalene reagent, benzenes), and 2,3-dichloronaphthoquinone-1,4- the Sulfuric acid concentration may range from (from the alpha-aminonaphthalenes), and hom 40 to 60% for best yield and purity, but can be ologs and analogs thereof. Other objects will be Within the range of 25 to 70% by Weight. A pre apparent from the following detailed description. S. ferred mixture consists of about equal parts of Broadly, the invention comprises passing gas Sulfuric acid (96%) and Water. Where the reac eous halogen (chlorine) into a liquid medium tion solvent comprises sulfuric and acetic acids, containing Sulfuric acid, (which may range from each 100 parts of the solvent may contain from a highly diluted state to a highly concentrated 5 to 50 parts of sulfuric acid (96%), from 50 to State) and the said amino-derivative. Where the 20.95 parts of acetic acid, and from 0 to 45 parts of acid is used in highly concentrated form, it has water. The addition of water improves the purity been found that the purity of the final product of the product somewhat. is enhanced if a saturated fatty acid containing The temperature of the reaction mixture is from One to four carbon atoms is also present preferably kept between 80 and 120° C., although with the Sulfuric acid. The fatty acid is of de 25. the desired products may also be obtained in creasing effectiveness where it contains above Somewhat lower yield and lower purity at tem four carbon atoms. The concentration of the peratures between 40° and 80°C., and at temper Sulfuric acid may also vary in accordance with atures above 120° C. Below 80 C. the reaction the nature of the aromatic compound, that is, is rather slow and below 40°C, it does not go to Whether it is an amino-benzene compound, or 30 completion in any practical length of time. an amino-naphthalene compound. Above 120°C, the product is darker and less pure, The starting aromatic compounds are repre probably because of incipient charring by the sented by the formulae Sulfuric acid, but temperatures up to the boiling X. points of the solutions at atmospheric pressure 35 may be used. (A mixture of 50 parts of acetic acid and 50 parts of sulfuric acid boils at about 135° C.; 70% aqueous Sulfuric acid boils at about 160° C.). Y. When carrying out my process for making hal 40 ogenated naphthoquinones it is advisable, al in which X is chosen from the groups -NH2, though not essential, to carry out the first stage -NH-alkyl, and -NH CO-alkyl; Y is chosen of the reaction between the amino-naphthalene from the groups. -H, --OM, -SO3M (where. M and the chlorine, without: external heating, or is hydrogen or metal), -NH2, -NH-alkyl, even with cooling to room temperature, until the -NH-CO-alkyl, -NO, -NO2, -Cl, -O-alkyl, 45 first exothermic reaction Subsides, then to con -CO-alkyl, -N=N-aryl, and -COOH; and tinue the reaction with more chlorine at an ele wherein the 2,3,5,6,7, and 8 positions are occu vated temperature, preferably between 80° C. and pied by any of the radicals hydrogen, chlorine, 120° C. This stepwise temperature increase usu and alkyl. ally improves the yield and purity of the desired In dealing with a reaction solvent of aqueous 50 product. sulfuric acid, for the amino-benzene reagents, Instead of the acid mixtures-specified above, I the sulfuric acid concentration may range by may use the filtrate remaining after removal of weight from 40 to 85%. A preferred mixture the desired product. Any of the known chlorina consists of about 70 parts of sulfuric acid (96%) tion catalysts, e. g., iron, antimony, manganese, and 30 parts of water. Where the reaction sol 55. chromium, or compounds containing these: ele 2,422,089 - - - - 3. 4. ments, may be used, although the reaction pro Eacample 5 ceeds Smoothly even in their absence. A mixture of 40 grams (0.17 mol) of naph In order to decrease the time required to COrin thionic acid (containing 42H2O of crystalliza plete the chlorination, it is desirable to pass the tion), 400 grams of 50% aqueous sulfuric acid chlorine into the reaction mixture at a rate some and 2 grams iron powder is treated with chlorine what in excess of that at which it will be ab for 7.5 hours at 80° C. With stirring. The mix Sorbed by the amino-Substituted benzene or ture is diluted With water after cooling, filtered, naphthalene compound, particularly in the later and washed first With Water and then With alco stages of the chlorination. In large scale practice hol. The yield of the crude air dried 2,3-di this procedure may result in the loss of chlorine. 10 chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone is 30.5 grams, or 78% Therefore, I advantageously pass the exit gases. of theory, of a light yellow powder, melting at containing such excess chlorine into an auxiliary 177-186° C. The melting point may be raised reactor having therein a fresh charge of the to 196.0-196.5° C. by recrystallizing from acetic amino-Substituted compound and acid, whereby acid, acetone, or benzene. such excess chlorine is absorbed and thus recov 5 ered. When the chlorination in the first reactor Eacample 6 has been completed, the mixture is discharged The same reagents used in Example 5 are and replaced with a fresh charge of amine. Fresh treated With chlorine for 3 hours at room tem chlorine is then passed into the partially chlo perature, and then for 4 hours more at 90° C. with rinated material in the Second reactor until the 20 stirring. The Crude product is Worked up as in reaction is finished, while the exit gases contain Example 5. The yield of the yellow dichloro ing the excess of chlorine are passed into the naphthoquinone is 34 grams, or 87% of theory, fresh charge of amine in the first reactor. melting at 174-183° C. The melting point may The following examples illustrate my process: be raised to 1970-197.5° C. by recrystallization. Eacample 1 25 Eacample 7 A mixture consisting of 46.5 grams (0.5 minol) A mixture of 557 grams (1.7 mol) of sodium of aniline, 300 grams of acetic acid, and 300 grams naphthionate (assaying 76%, the rest being of 96% sulfuric acid is treated with chlorine sub ... Water) and 4 kg. of 50% aqueous Sulfuric acid stantially at atmospheric pressure With stirring at 30 containing 85 grams FeSO47H2O is treated with Such a rate that unreacted chlorine is present in chlorine for 4 hours at room temperature with the exit gases, the mixture being heated under a Stirring, during which time an additional 278 reflux condenser to 105-115° C. The infioW of grams (0.85 mol) of sodium naphthionate is added Chlorine is continued at this temperature until ... gradually to the solution. During the next two the reaction is Substantially complete, about 35 hours the temperature is raised to 80° C. and 6-15 hours being required, depending on the ef then held at that temperature for 5 hours. Fin ficiency of stirring. As the reaction proceeds, a ally the temperature is raised to 90-95 C. and finely divided Solid appears. The color of the held at that temperature for 13 hours. Through Solution gradually changes from reddish brown out all this time chlorine is added With stirring. to deep blue to yellow or tan, the latter color 40 The crude dichloronaphthoquinone is worked up indicating that chlorination may be stopped. The as in Example 5. The yield is 456 grams, or . cooled mixture is filtered and Washed Well with 77.5% of theory, of a yellowish tanpowder, melt Water. The yield of air dried chloranil has ing at 187-191 C. without recrystallization. ranged from 105 to 117 gm. (85-95% of theory) 45. Eacample 8 in various runs by this method; M. P. 293-295 C. A mixture of 69.6 grams (0.3 mol) of naph (sealed tube). (All melting points are corrected thionic acid, 12 grams of water, 213 grams of for exposed stem.) acetic acid, and 75 grams of 96% sulfuric acid is Eacample 2 so treated with chlorine with stirring for about an A charge of 46.5 grams (0.5 mole) of aniline in hour with the container immersed in an ice bath.
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