MARCH 14, 1975 25 CENTS VOLUME 39/NUMBER 9

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE '

Lining up for jobs in Chicago. For a socialist analysis of the job crisis, and a program for labor action to meet it, see special feature, pages 13-16.

lnt'l Women's Day: a new book on 'Woman's Evolution' -See page 23

Chicago socialist candidate in runoff with 'Boss' Daley -See page 4

MilitanVCharles Ostrofsky WILLIE MAE REID In Brief

ILLINOIS DISCLOSURE HEARING: The Illinois New Mexico has apparently not met with an enthusiastic Socialist Workers Party has been granted a hearing before response among his intended neighbors. the state board of election commissioners on its request for According to a Feb. 24 Associated Press dispatch, Leo exemption from the state law requiring disclosure of Watchman, an Indian member of the New Mexico House of campaign contributors. The SWP refuses to tum over the Representatives, doesn't like the idea. names and addresses of its contributors and requests "Here's one Indian that would like to go on record as THIS exemption from the law because of the government's record opposing this individual," Watchman said on the House of harassing and victimizing the party's members and floor. "I doubt if he can do any good for us, especially with WEEK'S supporters. the reputation he has now." The hearing alone is an important victory because the Illinois campaign disclosure law, which is nearly identical INVESTIGATING THE INVESTIGATORS: A "Citi­ MILITANT to the federal law, contains no provisions requiring the zens' Commission to Investigate CIA Spying in Morning­ 3 Coral describes repression board to hear such requests. Winning exemption in Illinois side Heights" opened hearings on spying in Manhattan's in Argentina would set an important nationwide precedent. Upper West Side on March 1. The investigation was­ 4 Willie Mae Reid answers 'law­ The public hearings are slated to begin in Chicago March initiated by Marie Runyon, a member of the New York State Assembly. and-order' politics 19. Among those testifying will be Willie Mae Reid, SWP candidate for mayor of Chicago, and Morris Starsky, who Meeting in Riverside Church, the commission heard 5 Socialists step up drive in was the target of an FBI "counterintelligence" slander testimony from political activists in the area, including a Chicago campaign because of his socialist and antiwar activities. former Columbia University member of Students for a 6 Camejo on Washington, D.C., Supporters of civil liberties are urged to attend the hearings. Democratic Society, a member of the Communist Party, a tour For more information call (312) 939-0756. representative of the Socialist Workers Party, and the editor 7 Nazi death threat on socialist of Heights and Valley News, a community newspaper. Henry Fishman described how an FBI dossier detailing candidate his activity in the Communist Party had blocked his 8 Pasad~na cops launch anti­ Appeals court upholds application for a job at the post office in the 1950s. Black dragnet Barbara Medoff spoke of illegal surveillance of SWP 9 Two on trial in Attica frame-up Starsky on 1970 firing candidates in the recent New York elections and pointed to 12 12,000 hard hats demand By PHIL LEHRER links between the CIA and the Cuban refugees who fire­ bombed the socialist campaign headquarters in Los Angeles jobs SAN FRANCISCO-The U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of in 1970. 13 Special feature: Why can't Appeals has upheld a 1972 district court ruling that the dismissal of socialist Professor Morris Starsky by the Everyone Have a Job? MORE SPIES: The Washington Post recently ran a three­ Arizona State Board of Regents was constitutionally inval­ 17 Vietnam: origin of current part series on a little-known government spy operation that id. has an estimated 24,000 employees and an annual budget of detente Starsky's original lawsuit against the regents alleged that $1.2-billion! By comparison, the CIA reportedly has only 18 Militant drive for new readers the board's decision not to renew his contract in June 1970 16,500 employees and a $750-million budget. The name of violated his constitutional rights. • 28 L.A. secret police files the giant spy force is the National Security Agency (NSA). In the 1972 district court decision, Judge Carl Muecke had exposed (The total U.S. intelligence budget is now estimated at $6.2- held that "the primary reason for the discipline of Prof. billion. Fifty years ago the entire federal budget came to Starsky is grounded in his exercise of his First Amendment 2 In Brief rights in expressing unpopular views." only $2.9-billion.) On whom is this agency supposed to spy? It was created 10 In Our Opinion Starsky, an active opponent of the war in Vietnam, had 23 years ago by a still-secret directive from President Letters become the victim of a red-baiting campaign. He was fired Truman, so the American people can still not know for sure. by the regents in 1970 despite recommendations by the 11 Women In Revolt But the main purpose of the NSA is supposedly to monitor president of the university and two faculty committees that National Picket Line the multitude of confidential messages sent by governments he not be dismissed. around the world and to decipher the secret codes in which 23 In Review-'Woman's The court of appeals agreed that Starsky should be these communications are relayed. Evolution' reinstated and that a trial should be held to determine the That is not all the NSA does, though, according to seven amount of damages due him. But it also returned the case to former employees interviewed by the Post. The NSA the district court for a resolution of a secondary question. WORLD OUTLOOK routinely listens in on and records telephone conversations The lower court must now decide whether Starsky gave up 19 Washington tries to stave off of U.S. citizens making calls to other countries. his right to reinstatement and damages by accepting a collapse in Cambodia The NSA also had a hand in the "Huston Plan,?' the sabbatical leave when he was fired. Starsky and his secret scheme that outlined a whole series of illegal 20 Canada's racist immigration attorney, Alan Kyman, are confident that evidence they operations to be conducted by U.S. intelligence agencies policy plan to introduce in the district court proceedings will against opponents of government policies. Nixon admitted 21 World News Notes eliminate this roadblock to a final victory. approving the plan in 1970 but says he changed his mind 22 Threat of U.S. intervention in and canceled it a few days later. The plan's author, former Portugal CONTEMPT OF CONGRESS: "We don't have enough Nixon aide Tom Charles Huston, told a ~ongressional confidence-or trust-in our congressmen or senators to let committee in 1973 that the NSA pushed harder for the them take out the garbage." criminal scheme than any of the other three intelligence That was an example of the kind of comments Senator agencies he worked with in devising the plot. Glenn Beall (R.-Md.) received in response to a questionnaire he sent out to constituents. By a ratio of 2 to 1 they said ADDING INJURY TO INSULT: Those plastic-wrapped THE MILITANT they did not "have confidence in the ability of the Congress supermarket meats look bad enough to the consumer, and to deal effectively with today's problems," according to a the price labels look even worse. But they're also not very VOLUME 39/NUMBER 9 report in the March 1 Washington Post. · appealing to the supermarket workers who package them. A MARCH 14, 1975 "My current impression is that [Congress] provides lip team of University of Oregon researchers found that the CLOSING NEWS DATE-MARCH 5 service to the 'little man' at election time, but the remainder heating process used to seal the wrapping and affix the of the time is receptive primarily to the influential and price label activates a noxious gas that is causing severe respiratory problems among workers,including deep coughs Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS affluent," replied one citizen. Business Manager: ROSE OGDEN "I think you are one of the better ones," a more and chest pains. Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING sympathetic voter commented, "but that isn't saying The new occupational disease, called "meat wrappers' Washington Bureau: CINDY JAQUITH much." asthma," also induces running noses, sneezing, nasal congestion, sore throats, cramps, irritability, headaches, Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n .• 14 Charles lane, New York. N.Y. 10014. Telephone: and a nerve-related tingling of the fingers. Editorial Office (21 2) 243-6392; Business Office (212) JACKSON STATE: The U.S. Supreme Court refused on The researchers found the symptoms sometimes continue 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 710 S. Westlake Ave., March 3 to review a lower court decision that allowed state for months and years after the worker quits the job, los Angeles. Calif. 90057. Telephone: (213) 483-2798. and city police to literally get away with murder in the 1970 indicating that continued exposure can cause chronic, Washington Bureau: 1345 E St. N. W., Fourth Floor, killing of two Black students at Jackson State College in irreversible lung disease. Washington, D.C. 20004. Telephone: (202) 783-2391. Correspondence concerning $Ubscriptions or changes Mississippi. of odclress should be oddressed to The Militant Bus;. The shootings occurred in the wake of a massive national DALLAS RED-BAITING: The day after the probusing ness Office, 14 Chorles Lone. New York. N.Y. 10014. student protest against the U.S. invasion of Cambodia in . demonstration in Boston last Dec. 14, antibusing forces held Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ May 1970. The cops invaded the Jackson campus and their own smaller rally. In an uninspired attempt to give a scriptions: domestic, $7.50 a year; foreign, ; I 1.00. injured a dozen students, in addition to the two they killed. cover to their racism, they brought the professional "Black By first-class mail: domestic, Canada, and Mexico, S32; all other countries, $53. By airmail: dom~stic, The Justice Department had made no recommendation conservative" Clay Smothers all the way up from Dallas, Canada, and Mexico, $42. By air printed matter: Cen­ for prosecution to a federal grand jury, which ruled that the Tex., to speak at their rally. tral America and Caribbean, $40; Mediterranean Af­ cops' firing of 150 rounds of ammunition into a group of After he returned to Dallas, Smothers invited members of rica, Europe, and South America, ~52; USSR, Asia, unarmed students had been self-defense or an attempt to the recently formed Dallas Committee Against Racism to Pacific, and Africa, $62. Write for foreign sealed air prevent a riot. appear on his radio program. In a red-baiting column postage rates. For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then The Supreme Court declined to override the lower court's appearing in the Oak Cliff Tribune, a local newspaper, posted from London directly to Britain, Ireland, and refusal to interfere with that grand jury decision. The Smothers commented on the radio show and the new Continental Europe: l1 for eight issues, L2.50 for six victims of the cop attack, therefore, are unable to collect any committee. "While I admit that there are some black people months, l5 for one year. Send banker's draft or in­ damages. · he is fooling," Smothers wrote in reference to Texas ternational postal order (payable to Pathfinder Press) to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, London, SE1 BlL, antiracist activist and Young Socialist Alliance member England. Inquire for air rates from london at the same EVERYTHING'S NOT NAILED DOWN: John Ehrlich· Rob Roper, "this writer would rather kiss a cotton mouth address. man's stated desire to "do penance" for his part in the mocassin on the lips than consort with this young ungodly Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily Watergate crimes by living among Native Americans in man." -NELSON BLACKSTOCK represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 coral describes right-wing.terrorism & gov·t repression in Argentina today The following is an interview with Juan Carlos Coral, chairman of the national committee of the Argentine Partido Socialista de los Trabajado­ res (PST-8ocialist Workers Party). It was obtained in New York March 2. Coral is in the United States for two months speaking on repression and right-wing terror in Argentina. His tour is being orgamzed by the U.S. Committee for Justice to Latin Ameri­ can Political Prisoners ( USLA). The interview was conducted in Spanish. The translation is by The Militant.

Question: What kinds of activities are carried out by the right-wing terror squads, such as the Argentine Anti­ communist Alliance (AAA)?

Answer: In the last year there have been all kinds of attacks by clandes­ tine para-police groups. They have assassinated activists, bombed head­ quarters "of political groups, and is­ sued intimidating threats. There have been days when dozens of bombs have exploded simulta­ Demonstration to protest murder by right-wing terrorists of three Argentine socialists in May 1974 neously in greater Buenos Aires and other important cities of the country. The AAA issues public lists of those an apartment, participating in a staff So I want to point out the escala­ there has been no qualitative change, it intends to kill. The first list was meeting of our newspaper, with seven tion. They started closing down the it can be said that the drive to the issued in connection with a union elec­ companeros. About three in the after­ newspapers associated with guerrilla right has been permanent. It has not tion, and that was the first time that noon, they start banging on the door groups; but now they have gone over been contradictory. There have not. the AAA appeared publicly. Because and yelling, "Open up! Federal po­ to closing some capitalist dailies. been any concessions to the left. of this, the list was seen simply as an lice!" And from the prohibition of rallies At this moment a turning point is intimidation, but when the executions So we looked through the peephole associated with the guerrillas, they've being reached. On one side there are began and other lists appeared there and there were 10 or 12 persons gone to the prohibition o( rallies that the ultrarightists, who want to gov­ was a general panic among those in civilian clothes, with machine guns, have nothing to do with the guerrillas. ern without making liberal or demo­ threatened. taking position!j. The last rally to be prohibited was cratic concessions; that is, they want The AAA has issued a list com­ I identified myself and asked the scheduled for Feb. 26. It was a mass to convert Argentina into another posed of nationally prominent indi­ police for their credentials. They an­ protest of the closing of La Calle and Chile. viduals, and many named there have swered, "No,. we are in a state of Cronica. On the other side are those who want gone into exile, gone into hiding, or siege, there are no credentials. We're All kinds of groups were going to to maintain the bourgeois democratic are dead. My name was among those from the police, Coral. Open up!" participate, including the Radical Par­ forms and curb the fascist excesses. on this list. So we kept the door shut and I ty, which is the largest opposition par­ The PST is seeking in all possible In addition, the AAA has local lists, called the minister of the interior, be­ ty. Several legislators and representa­ ways to organize the broadest pos­ which they circulate in that area, uni­ cause until that moment we did not tives of other parties, including my­ sible opposition to right-wing violence versity, or factory. For example, all know if they were police coming to ar­ self, were also going to speak. and to organize defense of democratic seven companeros of the PST who rest us or terrorists coming to kidnap But the rally was prohibited by the rights. were murdered had been threatened by us. government on the pretext that, since For example, the rally about the theAAA. They arrested us and took us to it would be a concentration of 50,000 closing of the two newspapers was These assassinations continue to this the police station in several cars with to 60,000 people, there could be con­ initiated by us. That the Radicals were day, although the AAA in recent all the sirens blaring. And when we frontations between factions. So, in ef­ willing to speak at such a rally in months has not claimed responsibility got there, they asked us to pardon fect, all rallies are now banned. defense of democratic rights was an for them in its own name. the inconvenience and released us important development. within two or three hours. Q: Major U.S. newspapers try to por­ Q: What has the role of the govern­ tray the situation in· Argentina as a Q: Do you think that people in this ment been? Q: How many political prisoners are private war between extreme leftists country can have an effect on the there? Is torture being used? and rightists, with the government try­ right-wing drive in Argentina? A: In reality the armed actions by ing to stop it. Has a similar version right-wing terrorist groups are only A: There are probably hundreds at been presented in Argentina? A: The Chilean experience has dem­ the most spectacular part of a whole any one time, but it is impossible to onstrated the effectiveness of interna­ offensive. When the clandestine gun­ obtain an accurate figure. There are A: Of course, that was the same thing tional mobilizations of solidarity. In men are unable to accomplish their large roundups, but many are released that Peron said when hew as still alive. Chile the torture and repression have objectives, then the work is completed right away and most within a few Each time they would question him diminished somewhat thanks to the by the institutionalized terrorism of days. Some are detained for a longer about the violence, Peron would say activities of organizations like USLA. the government. time. For example, fo!lr members of that violence is a problem foreign to In Argentina, we must work to pre­ For example, in the case of the PST the PST who have been detained un­ the government, that it was due to vent another Chile. they were unable to force us into sub­ der the laws of the state of siege have clashes between the ultraleft and the mission through intimidation, bomb­ been held for many weeks now, and ultraright. ings of our offices, and assassinations no charges have been filed against Now the government claims that the of party members. So the government them. proof that it has nothing to do with then tried to finish the job by raid­ Torture is used by the government, the violence is that there are dead ing the national offices of our party but generally only against guerrillas from both sides. And I have answered, and arresting a number of members. or those it suspects of having infor­ even in meetings with the president, mation about guerrillas. that yes, there are dead from both Q: Last December, the Argentine gov­ sides, but there are only prisoners ernment declared a "state of siege," Q: How has the government's repres­ from one side- the left. And that is saying it had to do this to fight left­ sion evolved? what proves the government's com­ wing guerrillas. What effect has this plicity. had on democratic rights? A: Take the case of newspapers. One newspaper whose closing last year Q: What is the general situ1:1tion in A: Under the state of siege, they can caused a lot of discussion was the Argentina, what general conclusions detain' you without even telling you daily Noticias, which reflected the does the PST draw? why you are being arrested. You are views of the Montoneros. It was closed simply arrested and the only possible for that reason, for being the daily A: The march to the right has been escape is to ask the government to paper ofa "subversive" group. maintained and has been deepened, allow you to leave the country. Other­ But the cases of Cronica and La but there has been no qualitative wise you can be detained without Calle, which closed at the end of the change in the situation. It should be charges as long as the state of siege year, are different. They are commer­ clear that this right-wing drive has lasts. cial newspapers. Cronica has a daily been conducted within the framework Argentine socialist leader Juan Carlos Under these state of siege laws I circulation of 800,000 copies in great­ of capitalist democracy. Coral has been 'sentenced' to death by was arrested in December. I was in er Buenos Aires alone. Having made that clarification, that right-wing terror squads.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 14, 1975 3 Chiggo mayor's race--'The issue is racism' Willie Mae Reid answers 'law-and-order' Following are excerpts from a And we say no cops have a right speech given by Willie Mae Reid, to be in the communities of the op­ Socialist Workers Party candidate pressed. They only increase the crime for mayor of Chicago, at a rally rate. Feb. 7 at her campaign headquar­ Let's take a look at the situation ters. in a 'high crime" area in Chicago. The rally was held to celebrate I'm sure the situation is duplicated the winning of ballot status for in cities across the country. Reid. Her campaign supporters collected 66,243 signatures to ac­ Death traps complish this, making the SWP the First of all the housing is poor. first independent party to appear In one area you '11 see blocks and on the ballot in the Chicago may­ blocks of apartment b.uildlngs that oral race since 1935. need major repairs very badly. Inter­ spersed will be buildings that have By WILLIE MAE REID been gutted by fire or decay, still One of the major issues in this cam­ standing open. paign is racism.. In the Democratic Then there are open lots filled with Party primary race all of the can­ discarded belongings and tall grass. didates talk about "law and order" as Each of these is a death trap for cu­ the major issue. All of them call for rious children at play and a haven more police as the solution to crime. for attackers. When the politicians advocate more In another part of the area, the cops as the answer to crime, they are housing stacks people up like caged simply saying that poor people, es­ animals, high in the air. Each family pecially Blacks and other oppressed is locked away in its individual cubby­ nationalities who live in so-called hole of concrete far from imy grass high-crime areas, are just "naturally" or green. Militant/Charles Ostrofsky criminal. The only thing to do is to One or two dimly lighted second­ Willie Mae Reid campaigning at Illinois State Employment Office. 'We aim at lock them up, shoot them down, and rate torture chambers, called eleva­ organizing the working people of Chicago to fight for protection against this rotten further repress them. The idea of solv­ tors, move at a snail's pace from system.' ing the problems that cause crime is floor to floor. Their occupants are never considered. held captive between thick steel walls borhood grocery costs 10 or 20 cents for these things. Right here in Chicago More cops won't solve the problem. that lock in the aromas of human more per item than elsewhere. Nearby millions, probably billions, could be More cops mean more crime-more miseries, from piss to sweat In early the neighborhood school barely available if the tax loopholes were police brutality. Notice that you never morning or late evening when 50 peo­ stands, and it's difficult to distinguish closed and the profits of the large hear these politicians talking about ple from each floor are going to or from a warehouse because it is so old corporations taxed. police brutality. coming from work, they are packed and so many windows are boarded The federal government should help The Democratic Party politicians' into these steel cans. up. finance such projects. All they have to stand on crime fits right in with the In the hours in between, a person do is eliminate the so-called defense stand they have taken on other is­ waiting to reach a destination feels Traveling by instinct budget and they would have plenty sues where racism is involved. isolated and in a bit of a panic­ At night the street lights are either of money. Instead of using the $100- It fits right in with the fact that afraid of what might be waiting on out or so dim that traveling is by billion now 1JSed to meddle in the none of them have ever mentioned the other side of the door when it instinct Bus service is so infrequent affairs of other countries, it should be the issue of Boston and the busing opens. that fear is a constant companion at used in Chicago and other cities to crisis there. It fits right in with the The people who live in these areas the· bus stop. If a subway services finance our social needs. fact that all of them have gone along are the people with the lowest income the area, the poorly lit open platforms Inflation should be paid for by the with the racist campaign against the and the worst jobs. They either can­ invite the weather in along with at­ people who cause it, and that's not so-called illegal aliens- the Mexican not afford better housing or they don't tackers. us, not the working people. Cost-of­ workers without papers, who are "qualify" for better housing. They are The communities on the periphery living clauses should be in all union being rounded up and expelled on the the first people laid off when the econ­ of these areas are a constant reminder contracts and should apply to all in­ grounds that they are supposedly omy tightens. Or they live month-to­ that life can be better. They are often comes such ~s Social Security, unem­ taking away American jobs. month on lump-sum payments sent the well-off communities. But the fa­ ployment, welfare, and pension The Sociaiist Workers Party has through the mail, like welfare or So­ cilities in these communities, such as checks. We need this to protect us been active in the campaign to defend cial Security. The size of the payment the hospitals and clinics, are not open from continuously rising prices. the right of the Boston Black com­ is too small to do anything but sub­ • to the low-income residents. The stores What about education? Over the past munity to desegre~ated schools, and sist, but large enough to encourage and shops are inaccessible to "out­ few months we've seen many studies we have opposed the racist campaign burglary. The containers called mail­ siders. n on the schools of Chicago. Each one against the undocumented workers. boxes are rowed along the open walls, This situation creates the. greatest told us what we already knew- the We support the right of all workers accessible to anyone and everyone. human isolation, the greatest human schools are lousy, our children aren't without papers to have a job here. The second-rate food in the neigh- alienation and desperation. And it's learning. constantly aggravated by a vicious The Socialist Workers Party calls economy that demands a competition· for a crash program to build new for survival- an economy that slams schools and more classrooms. We the door on hope unexpectedly, with need to immediately eliminate all its unpredictable highs and lows in schools that are broken-down and re­ available jobs. semble jails. We need~ to drastically Even though some live a few blocks cut class sizes and hire all of those or a few miles away from the 'high unemployed teachers. crime" areas, we are all really just We need more of our own teachers­ one step away. Not as victims of Black teachers, Chicanos, Puerto street criminals, but as part of a Ricans, Asians, and Native American criminal, irrational system that vic­ teachers to train our children and en­ timizes us all. sure that there will be bilingual Crime is only one symptom of the programs. deep, deep problems of this society. And in the communities of the op­ It will take deep-going solutions to pressed it is the parents and students solve these problems. One of the first who should have the right to choose problems we have to· solve is the the principals, curricula, social pro­ problem of unemployment and in­ grams, teachers, and all other ad­ flation. ministrators. The Socialist Workers Party has a program for this. We call for reducing No accident the workweek now with no teduction It is no accident that inner-city in pay. This would spread the work schools throughout this country are around so we could begin to put as bad as they are. It's not just an everyone back to work. oversight. It's deliberate. We also call for a massive public The schools in the Black community works program to build-quality hous­ are the way they are because they are ing, medical facilities, and day-care designed to turn out large numbers centers. People should be put back to of unskilled workers- and the reserve work at union wages to build the army of unemployed, which the ruling 'More cops won't solve the problem of crime. More cops mean more crime, more things we need. class needs. police brutality.' And there is money available to pay The rich, who control the decisions

4 Reid vs. DaleY. Socialists step up Chicago drive politics years, includes the bulk of the area's By ANDY ROSE about what the priorities of this society CHICAGO-Willie Mae Reid, Social­ trade-union officialdom and a strong will be, give the schools in working­ ist Workers Party candidate for mayor apparatus in the Black community. class neighborhoods just enough of Chicago, is calling on all those At Daley's disposal is an army of funds to train the students for the who oppose "four more years of Da­ 43,000 ·city employees, who are ex­ tedious jobs they will be forced into. ley's bossism, corruption, and police pected not only to vote for the ma­ It is only when we take the basic brutality, his antilabor policies and chine candidates, but also to mobilize decisions about education out of the his racism" to vote for the socialist their friends, relatives, and neighbors hands of big business that we will alternative on April 1. to vote- or else. get the type of education that will Mayor Richard Daley, 72 and seek­ But if ever there was a chance to un­ truly help our children develop and ing his sixth term, won the Feb. 25 seat Daley, the commentators had grow. Democratic primary as expected, with said, this was the year. Some of his Richard Daley's proposal to solve 58 percent of the vote. Liberal alder­ closest associates have been indicted the problems of the schools is to put man William Singer polled 29 per­ for having their hands in the public several businessmen on the school cent of the Democratic vote, while till. Daley's age and failing health board. It's like putting the fox in Black State Senator Richard New­ were cited against him. ·charge of the chickens! house tallied 8 percent. Former state's Facing opposition in the Democratic attorney Edward Hanrahan, who or­ primary for the first time in 20 years, dered the police murder of Black Pan­ Daley ignored his challengers, spoke Sentiment for Black mayor ther leaders Fred Hampton and Mark only to audiences of machine loyal­ Over half the population of Chicago Clark in 1969, finished last with 5 ists, and insisted he had made Chi­ is Black and Latino. Given the fact percent. cago "the greatest city in the world." that we are the most victimized by the Willie Mae Reid is the first indepen­ The election results were not with­ social problems facing this city, there dent candidate ever to appear on the out signs of opposition to racist poli­ is strong sentiment for a Black mayor. ballot against Daley. Her campaign tics. Hanrahan's dismal showing Black people want someone to repre­ supporters gathered 66,243 signatures REID: First independent candidate ever proves that despite his efforts to soften sent them who truly understands their on nominating petitions to secure her to appear on ballot against Daley. his anti-Black image, Chicagoans problems and can help solve them. ballot spot. have little stomach for the killer-cops. Unfortunately, the Committee for a Although Daley is expected to dodge And in the city's Black wards, Da­ Black Mayor doesn't look at this sen­ any debates or other confrontations "I can go along with that 100 per­ ley, for the first time, failed to pull timent from the point of view of the with his opponents, as he did during cent," he said, "because the way I look a majority. He took 47 percent of the needs of the community. Its members the primary, Reid plans an aggres­ at it- Cambodia's getting $220-mil­ Black vote, while Singer and New­ sought to put together a package that sive final month of campaigning to lion. That's a lot of money, and then house combined got 51 percent. The could buy off that sentiment with a take her program to the working peo­ you got people walking around in this machine is far from dead in the Black charismatic candidate and money ple of Chicago. city starving every day. It doesn't neighborhoods, but it is running into from the State Street Council [an or­ On Saturday, March 1, campaign make any sense to me." trouble. ganization of Chicago businessmen]. workers decided the 20-degree weather Several people brought up another There is more involved in Daley's Of course the Chicago big-money was warm enough to hold their first thing that they like about Reid's cam­ victory than the power of the machine, people wouldn't bite. They are per­ round of outdoor street rallies. paign. "What first caused me to notice considerable though that is. fectly happy with Mayor Daley and All four areas visited, three of them her was that she was a young woman Daley's unprecedented failure to win the status quo. in predominantly Black neighbor­ standing up for something," an older the endorsement of the three major The only reason for them to back hoods, have been the sites of regular Black woman said. Chicago newspapers reflects some un­ a Black mayor would be if the senti­ Militant saleS, as well as of petition­ "Yes, yes, I would support her," a easiness in the ruling circles about ment among Blacks was translated ing during the ea-rlier phase of the woman electrical worker said. "It's whether the "Daleygate" scandals and into a threatening struggle that could campaign. As a result, many who time to mix it up anyway, and I think ill health are beginning to impair his develop into a power base independent stopped to listen to speeches, take lit­ females would do a great job in this effectiveness. of their control. That isn't happening erature, and talk with campaign work­ kind of field." But on the whole the area's indus­ right now so there was no dough ers, had already heard about the While campaign supporters accom­ trialists and business executives saw forthcoming from downtown. campaign. panied Reid on the street rallies, oth­ no compelling reason to replace Da­ ers fanned out across the city for Mili­ ley: he was looking after their inter­ Most members of the Committee for "You're Willie Mae Reid? Right on, tant and Young Socialist sales. By ests well and keeping the city under a Black Mayor ended up endorsing good luck!"; "Oh, yeah, I signed your the end of the day, 2, 1 00 copies of the control. Why rock the boat? William Singer, a white candidate. petitions"; and "I got some of your SWP's "Bill of Rights for Working Peo­ On the other hand, to ensure their literature a couple of weeks ago" were ple" had been passed out and 400 acceptability to the ruling rich of Chi­ Independent campaign frequent comments. If the committee had instead sought Militant's and YS's sold. cago, neither Singer nor Newhouse One older Black worn an said she challenged the system of politics Daley to build a strong base in the Black had voted for Newhouse in the pri­ represents. community, independent of the Demo­ mary. Would she support Reid now Election results What do Singer and Newhouse have cratic Party and the big business in­ against Daley? "Yes, I would. Definite­ Daley's victory in the Democratic to offer now tl-.at the primary is over? terests that control that party, the re­ ly. We need more women in office." primary has been widely interpreted Newhouse says to wait until he runs sults would have been quite different. A young white man, a student at the as showing the invincibility of his po­ again in 1979. Singer, on primary A program addressing itself to solu­ University of Chicago, felt about the litical machine. The system of graft night, hastened to offer his "congratu- tions to some of the most serious prob­ same way. He had voted for Singer, and patronage, built up over many Contlnued on page 26 lems in the Black community would but considered Reid "a worthwhile al­ have garnered broad support from ternative. I'm glad that she's still in the people. An independent Black can­ the race." didate based on such a program could Much of Reid's brief talk was de­ The RepublicanS woes have amassed the finances and the voted to the problem of unemploy­ CHICAGO-The victor in the Re­ would have to go through the energies needed to wage a powerful ment. "We have the right to a job," publican mayoral primary was less elaborate procedure of amassing an fight.. she declared, "a job at an adequate in­ than elated. In fact, he was down­ almost prohibitive number of sig­ If that candidate didn't win this time, come, not just a minimum wage." right bitter. natures on petitions to qualify as so what! A base would have been es­ Nearly all of those who stopped to "The Republican Party is dead," a 'new' party. Most such efforts tablished, a base of independent Black talk thought that. this was the most John Hoellen stated, informing the have failed, although this year the political power. This would be the important question. "The real impor­ media: that he wanted to withdraw Socialist Workers Party did qual­ first real step toward change for tant issue for the nation, man, is to from the race. ify and is running Willie Mae Reid Blacks as well as Latinos and other get the economy together, you know," Hoellen had agreed to be the Re­ for mayor." oppressed nationalities. said Charles Odum, a young Black publicans' sacrificial lamb for The message got through. A few This is what my campaign is all man. "We want anybody that can butchering by Daley, but, wanting days later the Republican attorney about- to begin to organize a break make it better. If Willie Mae Reid can to stay in politics,· he also ran to general of Illinois, William Scott, with the Democratic and Republican make it better, cool, she's got my retain his aldermanic seat, the only addressed a conference of 100 other parties, which are controlled by the vote." ruling rich both here in Chicago and one held by a Republican. In that Republican leaders. nationwide. race he was beaten by a "machine" 'A complete turnabout' Democrat. According to the March 2 Chicago The Socialist Workers Party may­ Both Odum and his friend Lean­ Hoellen volunteers begged the Re­ Tribune, "He warned that if the Re­ oral campaign aims at organizing drew Beck felt it was high time that publican leaders to give their can­ publican Party does not have a vi­ the working people of Chicago­ Chicago had a Black mayor. Both didate more support so that he able mayoral candidate who can get Blacks, Puerto Ricans, Chicanos, Na­ had voted for Newhouse. They would could be persuaded to remain in the 5 percent of the April 1 vote, Repub­ tive Americans, Asian-Americans, "definitely" consider voting for Reid mayoral race. (In Chicago, the big licans will cease to be a legal party whites, students, women- the vast ma­ now. "For the simplereason that she's Republican money and backing in the second largest city in the na- · jority in this city, to fight for protec­ Black, and I think it's time-now when goes to Daley.) tion, and the Socialist Workers Par­ tion against this rotten system, to fight there needs to be a complete turn­ They warned that if no Repub­ ty will be No. 2. for real solutions to our problems. about," Odum said. lican was on the ballot, the party "Scott called that a 'ridiculous' We aim to inspire them with an An older man, who had also voted would not get the 5 percent of the .situation," the Tribune wrote, "and alternative that can make Chicago for Newhouse, agreed that "poverty vote required for automatic place­ pleaded for help for Hoellen or work for us. And if our ballot victory is the most important issue." What did ment on the ballot. If that hap­ some other capable candidate." . is any example, Chicago can become he think about cutting out war spend­ pened, the Feb. 28 Chicago Daily On March 3 Hoellen relented and our kind of town! ing and using the money to provide News wrote, "The party in 1979 agreed to run. -AR useful jobs for all?

THE MILITANT/MARCH 14, 1975 5 Camejo, in Washington D.C. tour, fields questions on Israel, .busing, 'profit motive' By CINDY JAQUITH ence, "because it's a real pleasure to WASHINGTON-Why the capitalist be able to communicate with a presi­ "profit motive" won't work, how so­ dent of the United States in Spanish. cialists view the busing struggle in rm always happy to be here at your Boston, and the nature of Israel were meetings because there are friends here topics of discussion in meetings held who are helping us in our struggle. here for Peter Camejo, the Socialist It's like one of our rallies in Cali­ Workers Party candidate for president. fornia." Camejo, who toured the area from Gr.eetings were also presented by Feb. 26 to March 4, addressed hun­ Patrick Harvin, vice-president of the dreds of college students both in Wash­ student government at Cardozo High ington, D. C., and Baltimore, met with School and an activist in building the prisoners in Virginia, and was the May 1 7 march on Boston. Marc featured speaker at a March 1 cam­ Strumpf, president of the student gov­ paign meeting here. ernment at the University of Mary­ land in College Park, also spoke. 'Incentive under socialism' Strumpf described the struggle brew­ At Towson State College in Balti­ ing on that campus against budget more, a student asked Camejo, "Don't cutbacks, and noted that "the Young we need the profit motive to keep this Socialist Alliance has been very ac­ society running? What would you give Peter Camejo addressing students at University of Maryland at College Park tive and a great help in this fight." workers under socialism as an incen­ Greetings were also heard from tive to produce?" Helen Gurewitz, co-coordinator of the · "Right now we're living under the "The capitalists are for Israel be­ instead of with the racists." Washington Area Peace Action Coali­ profit motive, and look what's hap­ cause they want to use the Jewish "But this busing plan helps no one," tion, and Joe Butler of the D. C. State­ pening," answered Camejo. "We're pro­ people as the front-line soldiers f9r protested the RSB member. '"It's just hood Party. ducing less-not more-because it's the struggle against the colonial rev­ being used by the ruling class to di­ In his speech, Camejo traced the his­ more profitable for the capitalists not olution in the Arab world. They have vide Black and white workers. This tory of social struggles in the U.S. to produce. We're not producing new established the Israeli state as a beach­ is what we're trying to explain to from the first American revolution to schools, hospitals, or food, because head for imperialism in the Mideast, the whites in South Boston." the present it's not profitable. There are eight driving out the Palestinian people. "Your talk of a plot by the ruling million unemployed saying, 'Let us "The Socialist Workers Party gives class shows just how ignorant you work,' but they're not being hired be­ unconditional support to the right of are of the events in Boston," replied cause it's not profitable. the Palestinians to return to their land. Camejo. "Why, the Black community "What we socialists say islet's make We favor the establishment of a dem­ has been fighting for years and years these decisions democratically, not ac..: ocratic secular Palestine," he con­ and years to end segregation in Bos­ cording to the wishes of a tiny minori­ cluded. ton. There were demonstrations as ty. The majority would never vote Camejo's largest meeting on cam­ early as 1965 against the segregated for eight million unemployed or for pus was at the University of Mary­ schools. Were those a 'plot'? Was the 12 percent inflation. If this country land, Baltimore County Campus. Re­ whole civil rights movement a 'plot'? were run in the interests of working cently, in nearby counties, there has people, instead of in the interests of been a wave of cross-burnings and profit, there would be a genuine in­ fire-bombings directed by right-wing­ Black-white unity centive to work and contribute to the era against Blacks. (See story on fac­ "You say the busing plan 'divides' creation of a humane society." ing page.) Blacks and whites. The point is that Another student at the same meeting One hundred thirty students attend­ the ruling class has already divided said, "You've talked a lot about rac­ ed the meeting. During the discussion us through racism. There can be no ism, but you haven't mentioned the period, there was an exchange between Black-white unity based on telling racist attacks against Jews." Camejo and a member of the Maoist Blacks, 'Hold back your struggle un­ "We are against anti-Semitism Revolutionary Student Brigade ( RSB ), til we've won over the whites.' No, wherever it occurs," Camejo replied, the youth group of the Revolution­ the only basis for alliances between "but let's look back into history to ary Union (RU), over the busing is­ Blacks and whites is the unt!onditional see who the real anti-Semites are. sue in Boston and how to deal with support of whites for the right of Black "When the Nazis were carrying out racist attacks against Blacks. people to equality." genocide against the Jewish people," Camejo contrasted the SWP stand The issue of racism in education he explained, "the United States gov­ in support of Black students in Bos­ was also a theme of the March 1 ton to the R U' s opposition to the bus­ ernment refused to help. Hundreds of campaign meeting here where the 135 Militant/Afrodita Constantinidis thousands of Jews wanted to come to ing of Blacks to achieve desegre­ people present pledged $2,200 to build Erich Martel is SWP candidate for D.C. the U. S., but our government closed gation. the SWP campaign. In addition to school board. the doors. We in the SWP campaigned "The Revolutionary Union even had Camejo, the audience heard Erich for opening the doors to the Jews. as a headline on its paper: 'Smash the Martel, newly announced SWP candi­ "At the end of the war, many of the Busing Plan,'" he explained. "The R U date for the D. C. school board. "Just as the abolitionist movement Jewish survivors wanted to come to put the symbol of the racists- a stop Martel, a teacher at Cardozo High began with only a handful of sup­ the U. S. They were refused this right sign-on its leaflets. School .and a member of the Wash­ porters, but was able through slow, once again. "We believe in uniting with other ington Teachers Union, has been ac­ . patient work to win over the majority "Why? Because the Democrats and groups on everything possible," said tive in the recent struggle with city on the question of slavery, we today Republicans who rule this country are Camejo, "but we can't unite with you officials over a new contract He called are patiently working to build a so­ anti-SemiteS, and if you don't believe on this. You're on the wrong side­ for a crash program to fund educa­ cialist alternative to capitalism, and that, just listen to the White House the side of the racists. I hope you re­ tion in D. C. and proposed a Bill of we urge you all to join with us," he tapes, where Nixon talked about how ject this position and come to Boston Rights for students and teachers. said. the arts are controlled by the Jews. on May 17 for the demonstration These rights would include: Camejo also took his campaign to These capitalists are all anti-Semitic­ called in support of busing by the e The right of Blacks and other mi­ prisoners at the Lorton Correctional and they're all for Israel." NAACP. I hope you march. with us, norities to use any means, including Complex in Virginia. The socialist busing, to achieve an equal education; campaign was invited by inmates e The right of democratically elect­ there to participate in a day of ac­ ed committees of teachers, students, tivities sponsored by Lifers for Prison ·and parents to control curriculum, hir­ Reform. ing, and firing; Prison officials refused to allow Ca­ • The right to bllingual education; mejo to take any campaign literature e The right of teachers and other or copies of The Militant into the pris­ public employees to strike; and, on with him. However, the socialist • The right of· teachers to a cost­ candidate was able to discuss prison of-living escalator clause. conditions with several inmates, who Greetings were presented to the meet­ asked him to publicize their demands ing from a number of activists in the for job training, higher wages, and Black community, peace movement, the right to visit their families at home. and labor movement. Several teach­ Camejo also toured the Adams-Mor­ ers also attended the meeting. gan section of D. C., a Black and La­ tino community. There he campaigned Greetings from UFW in both English and Spanish, distribut­ Gil PadUla, secretary-treasurer of the ing .copies of the "Blll of Rights for Militant/Dennis Scarla United Farm Workers, opened his re­ Working People" and talking with res­ Prison officials at Lorton, Va., refused to allow Camejo to distribute campaign marks to the meeting in Spanish. "I idents about the problem of inflation literature to prisoners. started out this way," he told the audi- and unemployment.

6 Wave of racist terror Nazis in death threat on socialist candidate By CINDY JAQUITH said in his statement that he wanted WASHINGTON-An emergency news "to condemn right-wing attacks by op­ conference was held here March 5 to ponents of the Boston school move­ protest the rise of racist terror in the m ent against the Socialist Workers Washington metropolitan area. The Party. conference was called after a death "This is to call for and reaffirm threat was made against Peter Camejo, the right of members of the Socialist the Socialist Workers Party candidate Workers Party to free speech and to for president, who was touring the express them selves wherever and when­ area. ever they please without an abridge­ The threat came in the form of m ent of their rights. This is also to spray-painted slogans in the wails of commend the Socialist Workers Party a meeting room at Federal City Col­ and its members for the vigilance it lege (FCC), where Camejo was sched­ has maintained over the years in this uled to speak March 4. FCC is a pre­ area," Hobson said. dominantly Black school. FCC student government president The slogans, discovered an hour be­ Joseph Gattling also issued a state­ fore the meeting was to start, said: ment deploring the threat. "Dealth to socialisam [sic]" and "Reds." Josephine Butler, a leader of the A swastika was sprayed on the speak­ D. C. Statehood Party and -representa­ ers podium. tive to the Central Labor Council for The death threat comes in the wake the Office and Professional Employees of a series of recent attacks by Nazis International Union, appeared at the and other right-wingers against Black news conference with Camejo. "The activists and socialists in the D. C. area SWP was with us when we marched and around the country. against repression in North Carolina, On Feb. 4 a powerful bomb was they were with us all through the an­ exploded outside the Los Angeles SWP tiwar movement, and they've been to Right-wingers burned these school buses in Prince Georges County, Md., March 1 headquarters. Only by sheer luck did Boston with us two or three times," the 25 people inside avoid injury or she said. Md., home has been fire-bombed twice the threat on his life was reported death. A Nazi group, the National "I know they'll be with us again in the last month. to the D.C. police, they have made no Socialist Liberation Front ( NSLF ), in Boston May 17, helping to organ­ Driver is one of more than a dozen attempt to investigate the incident, openly took responsibility for the at­ ize the demonstration for busing called victims of cross burnings and fire­ much less arrest and prosecute the tack. by the NAACP. Anytime people are bombings in the Anne Arundel Coun­ criminals. The NSLF has offices near here in threatened, the SWP is always there." ty, Md., area since Jan. 17. "If this were Bentsen's campaign or Arlington, Va. Recently, the group A message also came to the con­ Driver said he believes the violence Jackson's campaign or Ford's," he mailed a racist, anticommunist leaflet ference from Reverend Wilbur Driver, is coordinated. "We feel now that a charged, "these threats would be to the SWP office here. a Black minister whose Glen Burnie, plan has been made to drive Black treated seriously. We demand the right In Houston, armed Ku Klux Klans­ people out of this area," he said. "But to campaign freely, on an equal basis men staged a public show of force out­ we intend to stay and fight for what with the other candidates, without ha­ side the SWP hall Feb. 20. is rightfully ours." rassment from right-wingers or from On the Georgia State University the FBI." campus in Atlanta, campaign posters Camejo pointed out that the FBI of the Young Socialist Alliance for Bus burnings has admitted spying on and infiltrat­ the upcoming campus elections were Terrorists have also burned school ing the socialists' campaign commit­ found plastered with Nazi leaflets buses in Prince Georges County, Md. tees. March 5, proclaiming "Hitler was The local antibusing group there, Cit­ "And we know from Watergate that right," bearing swastikas, and signed izens for Community Schools, has just the FBI also has agents fnside the by the National Socialist White Peo­ announced that it will cohost the na­ very same groups that are now threat­ ple's Party. tional antibusing march on Washing­ ening the lives of socialists," he said. The night before that, the campaign ton scheduled for March 19. "Through the Political Rights Defense headquarters of Cleveland SWP may­ Racist activity has also occurred in Fund, which is supporting our lawsuit oral candidate Robert Bresnahan was Fairfax County, Va., where Nazi post­ against illegal government spying, we broken into and burglarized. The in­ ers have been pasted up in the schools are pressing for an end to this official truders left files of campaign support­ in the past few weeks. ··The posters harassment, which serves to create a ers in disarray. say, "Boating, not busing. Back to climate where racists and terrorists Mrica." feel they can attack us with impunity." Solidarity messages In his statement to the news con­ Leading community activists here ference, Camejo said, "There's a direct sent solidarity messages to the March link between the appearance once HOUSTON, March 6- Local support­ 5 news conference, expressing their again of racist mobs shouting, 'Kill ers of Socialist Workers Party presi­ grave concern over the threat against niggers,' and the fact that the Nazis dential candidate Peter Camejo today Camejo in light of the wave of racist and the Klan are again coming out demanded that the city council and the violence in the area and in light of of the woodwork. Moreover, these ul­ FBI provide protection during Came­ the recent terrorist assaults on the SWP. trarightists have been given a blank jo' s speaking tour, which begins here March 8. Support statements to the news con­ Militant/Jon Hillson check by President Ford, who says ference linked the attacks on the SWP One target of Nazis was this entryway he too opposes busing, and by the The supporters cited a federal law to the nationWide attacks on prode­ to Boston SWP office. SWP has been refusal of Democratic and Republican prohibiting threats and intimidation segregation forces. Washington, D. C., active in support of school desegrega­ officials to enforce the law in Boston." against campaign workers in a federal city council member Julius Hobson tion in Boston. Camejo told reporters that although Continued on page 26 AIM: target of new government assault By GREG CORNELL an AIM official. tion charges. A trial of other AIM i nal syndicalism, possession of explo­ MINNEAPOLIS- The U.S. govern­ Kenneth Tilsen, an AIM attorney, defendants is scheduled in Council sives, and "suspicion of possible pos­ ment appears to be launching a full­ said the weekend of arrests "smacks of Bluffs, low a, and the government is session of machine guns." They are scale assault against the American In­ the same kir:d cf dragnet arrests that appealing last fall's federal court de­ being held on $5,000 bond. dian Movement (AIM). were used in the Palmer raids and cision in St. Paul to drop charges The arrests occur at a time when Twenty people associated with AIM used at times against the Black against Banks and Means. there have been several ominous in­ were jailed in three separate incidents Panthers." In the latest arrest, Means was cidents on the Pine Ridge reservation. March 1 and 2 in South Dakota and He charged that the arrests were "a dragged from a car in South Dakota On Feb. 27 Bernardo Escamilla, Colorado. coordinated effort to attack the Am er­ on a Sunday morning and accused of a Wounded Knee defendant, and three Among those arrested were Russell ic an Indian Movement." shooting a man in Scenic, S.D. of his attorneys were beaten on the Means and Richard Marshall, who The arrests come at a difficult junc­ According to AIM, sheriffs deputies Pine Ridge reservation. On March 3 have been charged with "shooting with ture for AIM, which is currently ham­ clubbed Means with a gun butt, caus­ night riders fired a series of shotgun intent to kill." · strung with a series of frame-up trials ing a three-inch gash under his right blasts into the home of Matthew King, Means denies any knowledge of the stemming from the take-over at eye that took 12 stitches to close. an Oglala Sioux leader. Bureau of In­ shooting incident. In a separate set Wounded Knee, S.D., two years ago. Means was being held on a $50,000 dian Affairs police found 18 bullet of arrests in Hot Springs, S.D., seven Denn-is Banks, an AIM executive di­ bond. Marshall was being held on a holes in his house. people were held by a county sheriff rector, is facing trial in Custer, S. D., $5,000 bond. Five other people with Means and Tilsen believe the new on "criminal syndicalism" charges. In on trumped-up charges that could put Means were also arrested and jailed, wave of arrests of AIM supporters Denver, five people were arrested on him in jail for life. Means and others but have since been released. is part of an effort to cover up the narcotics charges, including Bill are on trial in Phoenix, Ariz., on a The seven who were jailed in Hot latest incidents of vigilantism on the Means (Russell Means's brother) and frame-up involving gun transporta- Springs, S.D., are accused of crim- Pine Ridge reservation.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 14, 1975 7 Socialist candidate hits racism Pasadena CO----- launch anti-Black dragnet By ANDREA BARON ·· defense of the Black community and campaign, their three candidates, PASADENA, Calif., March 1-Out­ condemned "Operation BAD" as un- known as the "Community Together" rage is growing in the Black commu­ constitutional. "We will sue the board slate, have refused to take any posi- nity here over the cops' latest racist of directors, the police chief, and any tion on the busing plan. The "Com- offensive, known as "Operation BAD" officer who touches a Black child," he munity Together" slate has even (Burglary Abatement Detail). More vowed. pledged to continue the suit against than 240 Blacks were stopped by the Johnson explained that detention the busing plan to "let the courts de- Pasadena police in the first four days and arrest records effectively cripple cide." ofthe new campaign. · Black youth for the rest of their lives. Mallory and his supporters have "Operation BAD" consists of inten­ Michael Zinzun, of the Pasadena hit on the implementation of the de- sified patrolling of the predominantly Community Information Center, and segregation plan as the key issue in Black and Chicano Northwest Pasa­ several either activists proposed fur- the campaign. dena community, with cops arbitrarily ther protests to demand an end to "Op- The three board members up for re- stopping and photographing residents eration BAD." A picket line in front call issued a campaign brochure that for permanent police files. of the police headquarters was sched- features the same stop-sign symbol Field interrogation cards are filled uled for March 6. that appears on the literature of the out and, along with the photographs, antibusing groups in Boston. The become permanent police records, School board campaign Pasadena version says, "Stop forced whether or not the person was doing Among those speaking in support busing, stop the militants, stop the anything illegal. of this protest was Tim Mallory, So­ recall." The racist procedure in Pasadena cialist Workers Party candidate for MilitanVHarry Ring has been met with community pro­ Socialist school board candidate Tim school board in the March 4 election. 'Militants & malcontents' tests, and the local American Civil Mallory speaks at meeting to protest Mallory's campaign has been focused The brochure charges, "There are Liberties Union is seeking an imme­ racist police dragnet. on the fight against racism in general irresponsible militants and m alcon­ diate restraining order against the rac­ and in particular in support of the tents who are backing this recall." ist dragnet. demand that the court-ordered Pasa­ Right below are two photos of a dem­ According to the cops, "Operation Community leaders also organized dena desegregation plan be imple­ onstration held in Pasadena in sup­ BAD" quadruples the number of po­ a Feb. 28 meeting, attended by 100 mented. port of desegregation. lice in the Black community. This people, to plan further protests. The The three racist members of the What the racist school board mem­ means that almost half of all on-duty meeting was chaired by Paul Jones, Pasadena school board who are up bers are opposed to is actions like the cops in Pasadena at any given time director of Project JOVE, a commu­ for recall in the election have openly upcoming May 17 demonstration that will be in Northwest Pasadena. nity service organization. stated that "busing is the main issue of will be held here in solidarity with the This campaign. follows closely on "I had heard about Operation BAD this election." The school board has protest in Boston on that same day. the heels of "Operation Sweep," aimed and couldn't believe the stories I had spent thousands of dollars from the The local action was called at a re­ supposedly at picking up truants, but heard," Jones said. "But today when school budget to fight the court-or­ cent conference of the Committee in reality directed against all young I left my office, I saw four or five dered desegregation. Against Segregation in Education. people in Pasadena. police cars and two unmarked cars Last summer, four of the five board The Socialist Workers campaign has Several Black community organi­ harassing several young Blacks on members were found in contempt of been helping to organize these activ­ zations responded to the cop offensive the street" court for appointing top administrat­ ities and is publicizing them as the by sponsoring a Feb. 24 demonstra­ Marque Hutcherson, a job counsel­ ors without an adequate search for most effective way to fight the racists. tion in front of the police headquar­ or at the Pasadena Community Ser­ minority applicants. In the final weeks of his campaign, ters. While 30 people picketed outside, vices Commission, commented that Two of the posts on the board, Mallory has spokef! to hundreds of inside the cops were releasing ~ report two young Blacks coming to his of­ which governs the majority Black and people at four high schools, at Pasa­ that stated that during the first four fice to look for jobs were picked up Chicano schools, are being contested dena College, and at a food stamp days of "Operation BAD" there were by cops, fingerprinted, photographed, in a regular election. In addition, 60,- center. 243 Blacks among the 274 people and taken to the police station, al­ 000 signatures were gathered to place At a rally outside Pasadena High stopped. Despite the picketing, the re­ though . they were innocent of any the recall of the remaining three mem­ School he told 50 Black students that port also claimed that there had been crime. bers on the ballot "the racist policies of the school board "no indication of adverse public rela­ Attorney Charles Johnson, area rep­ While the organizers of the recall are totally tied to the racism of the tions" due to the dragnet. resentative of the NAACP, spoke in originally billed it as an "antiracist" police and the city board of directors." Boston activists call abortion rights rally By DIANA TRAVIS them after what happened to Dr. Ede­ BOSTON-A protest rally will be held lin." here March 20 around the theme "De­ . Edelin's conviction was viewed by fend Dr. Edelin-Defend Abortion the women at the meeting as a pre­ Rights." lude to introducing further restrictive In response to the Feb. 15 con­ abortion legislation in Massachusetts viction of Dr. Kenneth Edelin on char­ and other states. They felt that su~ ges of manslaughter for performing a porters of abortion rights must begin legal abortion, representatives of organizing all over the country to groups supporting abortion rights met defeat the "right-to-lifers." at Boston University on March 2. Roberts said, 'We need to organize The meeting discussed plans to de­ this as a national fight again, just fend Dr. Edelin and to begin an or­ as we did before the Supreme Court ganized and sustained response to the decision. And women need to use ev­ escalating attacks by "right-t~life" for­ ery weapon at their disposal to beat ces on the 1973 Supreme Court deci­ back the fetus fetishists." sion legalizing abortion. The meeting, initiated by the Com­ Susan LaMont of the Socialist Work­ mittee to Defend Abortion Rights, drew ers Party pointed out that the same representatives from Catholics for the racist forces who are trying to block Right to Choose, Crittendon House the desegregation of the schools in (an abortion clinic), Massachusetts Boston are the ones behind this at­ Organization to Repeal Abortion tack on Edelin, who is Black, and the MilitanVJon Hillson Laws/Constitutional Defense Project, right to abortion. "This means," she Boston demonstrator protests conviction of Black doctor for performing legal Natick-Framingham Women's Health said, "that it is especially important abortion. Project, Socialist Workers Party, to involve groups and individuals in ·women's liberation groups from the Black community, where there is should be made to involve a broad "Is is no coincidence that women's Northeastern University and the Uni­ overwhelming support for Dr. Edelin, spectrum of women's groups, Black rights are being attacked here in Bos­ versity of Massachusetts, and the in the defense activities." organizations such as the NAACP, ton. Edelin's conviction grew out of Young Socialist Alliance. Also attend­ At a news conference held here Feb. abortion-rights groups, and·others in the racist hysteria whipped up here ing the meeting were Dr. Barbara 20, Thomas Atkins, president of the the March 20 protest rally. against school desegregation. The Roberts, a leading activist in the abor­ Boston NAACP, told the media that Ollie Bivins, Socialist Workers Party same forces that oppose the rights of tion-rights movement, and Marcia "the weight of evidence in this case candidate for Boston school commit­ women are leading the attacks on the Codling, a national coordinator of the was so overwhelmingly on the side tee, issued a statement protesting Ede­ rights of Black students to attend any National Student Coalition Against of the doctor that we can only ex­ lin's conviction. "The so-called right­ school they choose. Racism. plain the verdict as having been mo­ t~life groups have been trying to cut "The Socialist Workers Party pledges One immediate result of the Edelin tivated either by religious bias, racial back on the gains won by the women's its support to defending Dr. Edelin. As conviction, according to Roberts, is bias, or both." He called on NAACP movement for abortion. The convic­ a candidate for the Boston school that "no woman who is 20 or more chapters around the country to protest tion of Dr. Edelin is their first vic­ committee I will speak out at every weeks pregnant can get an abortion Dr. Edelin's conviction. tory, and we must make sure that it opportunity to win more of Boston's in this city. Doctors simply won't do The meeting agreed that every effort is only a temporary one. residents to support for this cause."

8 'sha~~ State's, case Two on trial for murder in Attica frame-up By KURT HILL "That's right, they're not relevant," BUFFALO- The frame-up trial of At­ King replied. tica Brothers John "Dacajeweiah" Hill The state's case has so far been and Charles Pernasilice began here shaky. A chief prosecution "eyewit­ Feb. 24. The two Native Americans ness" contradicted his grand jury state­ are charged with killing prison guard ments on the stand and was argumen­ William Quinn during the September tative and foggy on details. 1971 rebellion that left 43 men dead. "You never actually saw Mr. Quinn It is the first major trial in the 42 get hit, did you?" Kunstler asked the indictments charging 62 present and witness, Donald Melven. former prisoners with crimes stem­ "I never seen the man swing the ming from the rebellion. Of two other board, but I heard the thud," here­ trials, one ended in dismissal and the plied. other in acquittal. Twelve men have "You never saw him get hit, did had their cases dropped for lack of you?" evidence. "I did not. No." In his opening statement to the jury, "Do you remember testifying before prosecutor Louis Aidala claimed that the grand jury under oath, when you Hill struck "a vicious blow" to Quinn's were asked: 'Did you see the board head with a wooden object during strike him?' and you answered, 'Yes, the early moments of the rebellion. on the upper forehead.' That was not He charged that Pernasilice then a true statement, was it?" joined the attack, which resulted in "That was true to the point where Quinn's death two days later. I saw the contact! I seen him follow These claims were vigorously con­ through with the damn hit! And that's tested by defense attorneys Ramsey it!" Clark and William Kunstler. They "I'm afraid that's not it, Mr. Mel­ charged that the state is attempting ven," Kunstler said. "All I'm asking to make scapegoats of the defendants you to tell is, was that statement true to obscure the real criminal activities when you made it?" of state officials and police. "I wish you'd rephrase what the hell The Attica trials, in fact, have been truth is," Melven said angrily. grossly weighted against the prisoner­ Under cross-examination, Melven defendants. No police. guards, or pris­ admitted he had a "slight" doubt about on or state officials have been named his identification of Hill. It was further in the indictments by the grand jury, learned that two state investigators which is still in session. filed a report in 1971 stating that In one case naming five men for Melven had even retracted his identifi­ murder, state prosecutors revealed evi­ Attica Brothers Charles Pernasilice and John Hill cation of Hill. dence in early February that a pris­ The report, as yet, has not been oner who is now dead committed the admitted into evidence. two murders for which the five men· The defense announced its intention are large enough for a man's body Another state witness, Leland Spear, are blamed. The judge for the case. to call Nelson Rockefeller (New York to fit through. a former Attica prisoner, testified he which is in a pretrial stage. has, how­ governor during the rebellion) as a State Supreme Court Justice Gilbert saw Hill strike a guard with a "2-by- ever, stubbornly refused to drop the witness to determine what informa­ King on Feb. 25 ruled irrelevant and 4," but failed to identify the guard. charges. tion he has concerning Quinn's death, inadmissible all defense testimony or "It is utterly impermissible to ad­ The jury selected to hear this case and where he acquired that informa­ questioning about the murderous po­ mit this witness's testimony unless he includes no Native Americans, and tion. lice assault that ended the five-day can be shown to have seen the defen­ only two Blacks. No Native Amer­ In his public statements, Rockefeller rebellion on Sept. 13, 1971. dant striking Mr. Quinn," Kunstler icans were included in the jury pool. has consistently maintained that Quinn The ruling brought Kunstler to ex­ charged. Some jurors have friends or relatives was thrown from a second-story win­ claim: "Then what are we here for, Spear is one of four prisoners of the who are police or prison guards. The dow. He repeated this statement under Your Honor?" state's original six witnesses. In the prosecution used its preemptory chal­ oath during his vice-presidential con­ "Your Honor, are you saying we past the defense has shown that pris­ lenges against eight of the 10 Black firmation hearings in Washing­ may never refer to the events of the oners' grand jury testimony was ob­ potential jurors. ton, D. C. But no windows in Attica 13th?" tained through threats of indictment.

Boston Blacks recount 'Southie' school days By REBA WILLIAMS "At that time there were quite a few "Donna was coming into the school have brought those troops in here BOSTON-Cynthia Wade is a tenth­ Blacks going to Hart-Dean," John con- in the morning and three white girls when school first opened." grade student who is bused from Co­ tinued. "During that time I never real- kept calling her things like 'Oh, you John added, "They should have lumbia Point, a Black neighborhood, ly experienced anything like it is here Blackie,' and other kinds of names," capped on the situation when it first to Hart-Dean Junior High School, an now. There was name-calling, but it Cynthia said. Donna got into a fight started. They should have put a lid annex of South_ Boston High School. wasn't nothing like it is now. We even with them one day. She had earlier on it in the beginning. They should South Boston has been the scene walked through South Boston. But had a fight with one of them. have had troops in here in September. of white violence against Black stu­ now if you tried to go over there, "Ever since then this white girl kept If they would have done that the sit­ dents bused to schools there under they'd surround you and try to kill threatening Donna," Cynthia contin- uation wouldn't have gotten out of a federal school desegregation order. you. They've been busing for years ued, "saying, 'I'm gonna get you.' hand." Part of the racist opposition to bus­ but it wasn't half as bad as it is now." Every time she would walk down the Cynthia feels that the Black students ing has been a boycott by most white Ben explained, "We could go over hall they would say, 'That's the Black now in desegregated schools should students of Hart-Dean and other to South Boston. When we went to girl we're gonna get. We're gonna get organize in their own defense if the schools in the area. One offshoot of school we got along with the white you sooner or later.'" violence recurs. She urged all Black this white boycott was that Cynthia kids. There were no racial problems •. students to help the National' Student Wade was elected student body presi­ that everybody could see. Unlike to- According to Mrs. Wade, Donna was Coalition Against Racism in organiz- dent of Hart-Dean. day, when we left school and went suspended from school and taken to ing support in the high schools. On March 1, I had an opportunity across the street to the store they'd court for assault and battery on the Finally I asked the Wade family to interview Cynthia along with her mother and two brothers, John, .24, serve us. We'd buy our candy and three white girls. She was placed on what they thought of the call by and Ben, 23, about the school de­ cakes and we'd come back. We could probation for one year. Thomas Atkins, president of the Bos- segregation situation. even walk down the middle of South I asked the Wades if there were any ton NAACP, for· a national march· John works for the New England Boston." other cases of Black students being on Boston on May 17 to demand Telephone Company and Ben is un­ Cynthia feels that the trouble in her victimized for defending themselves. desegregation of the schools and to employed. Both attended Hart-Dean school has subsided for awhile. The Cynthia pointed to the charges being demand the end to racist attacks more than 10 years ago. They whites still call the Blacks names, but brought against James White for alleg- against Black students. explained how the school is different there aren't· many fights. In other edly stabbing a white student who at­ today. schools, such as Hyde Park, however, tacked him one day at South Boston Mrs. Wade replied, "It's about time John said, "I went to school in this has not been the case. High. White recently pleaded innocent for somebody to stand up and do South Boston for about a year or Donna Wade, Cynthia's sister, was to the charges. something about this. I'm for it 100 so. That was when they had buses one of the students at South Boston When asked if they thought federal percent" that would come out in front of the High who have been victimized by troops should be brought in to pro­ Support for the May 17 protest is projects and pick up the kids and white students' provocations. She no teet Black students implementing the being organized by the National Stu­ take them over to Hart-Dean." Hart- longer attends South Boston High. desegregation order, Cynth1a said, "I dent Coalition Against Racism. Its ad­ Dean is about a mile away from Co- Her family explained the circum stan- definitely do." dress is 720 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. lumbia Point. ces. Mrs. Wade said, "I think they should 02215. Telephone: (617) 266-9665.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 14, 1975 9 In Our Opinion· Letters

Bill of Rights compensated"; add all the stock op­ I recently went to a contract ratifi­ tions, club fees, and the like going lnt'l Women's Day cation meeting of American Federa­ to these managers and supervisors, International Women's Day-March 8-comes at a time of tion .of State, County and Municipal as well as the pensions and other major battles around the world for women's. rights. Employees District Council 1707 to "fringe benefits," which the workers In Italy, following a police raid on an abortion clinic and the pass out copies of the "Bill of Rights often never see; and cover up the for Working People." fact that workers are increasingly arrest of two abortion-rights advocates, a campaign to force a being driven into part-time jobs referendum for the abolition of all laws against abortion is The union membership had autho­ rized a strike if their demands (the and low-paying service jobs. And, gathering strength. In Britain, a movement is growing to fight most important of which was a cost­ ~urprise, out comes the "new, im­ back against attacks on the liberal 1967 abortion law. In of-living allowance) were not met. proved," model. Germany, thousands protested the West German Constitutional The workers were angry, since the Walt Snyder Court's decision to strike down a law permitting abortions on last contract they ·were offered, two Albany, N. Y. request during the first three months of pregnancy. years ago, called for a measly 4 Defense efforts on behalf of women: political prisoners are percent wage increase and they were being coordinated in numerous countries. Petitions, rallies, and expecting a similar proposal this teach-ins have publicized the plight of women in Chile, the time. Indeed, they were asked to Color line sacrifice the cost-of-living clause in W. E. B. DuBois said that the prob­ cases of Lidia Falc6n and Genoveva Forest in Spain, Ines lem of tl;le twentieth century is the Romeu in Brazil, and Lolita Lebr6n, the Puerto Rican exchange for "fringe benefits." Most people had no confidence problem of the color line. It is clear nationalist imprisoned in the U.S. that their leadership could carry out from the current "saber rattling" of Here in the United States, antiwoman, reactionary forces are a strike and wound up voting for Ford, Kissinger, and Schlesinger attempting to reverse many of the gains women have won in the contract out of frustration. that DuBois's declaration is still the recent years. The frustration they felt at the in­ reality within which America chooses • A dangerous victory was scored by the so-called right-to-life adequate proposal for a settlement to operate. forces through the conviction of Dr. Kenneth Edelin, a Boston made them quite receptive to the So­ The Arab oil barons, in the most physician charged with manslaughter for having performed a cialist Workers Party proposal for a oft-practiced traditions of capitalism, are charging-just as the American legal abortion. "new Bill of Rights for working peo­ ple." Many of them commented, "It's multinational oil companies are On March 20, a rally will be held in Boston to "Defend Dr. about time" or, "This is what we doing-what the traffic will bear. Edelin-Defend Abortion Rights." The 'rally, called by a really need" as they took a copy. How ironic that the Arab leaders coalition of Boston groups supporting abortion rights, can be I'm sure that when they compare are depicted as venal blackmailers, the first step in an urgently needed national campaign to what their union leadership was pro­ while the Seven Sisters [the largest mobilize support for women's right to choose abortion. posing and what the Socialist Work­ oil companies) get off with hearings •The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) has been defeated so ers campaign has to offer, many of at which they defied Congress and far this year in four out of the five state legislatures that have them will see the socialist alternative the Am eric an people. voted on it. With only four more states needed to ratify the ERA as one they would rather work for. Kissinger's statements are an attempt to provide a scenario to before it becomes law, powerful, reactionary lobbies have Michael Lux New York, N. Y. justify American .fnvolvem ent in still intensified their drive to stop it. Women's organizations and another war. . other supporters of equal rights will have to intensify their The cycle must be broken. This efforts, also, to push through the ERA. talk of war must be nipped in the •The economic crisis, which has led to massive layoffs, is Dynamite bud or we will once again be led off undermining the gains made by women in the past few years to the holocaust. A couple of us went l~:J.st week to the through affirmative-action plans. The practice of "last hired, Lloyd Daniels McDonnell Douglas strike picket line - Mattapan, Mass. first fired" has chopped women out of jobs in massive numbers. in Santa Monicl. Calif., with the So­ The layoffs are being used as an excuse to replace preferential cialist Workers pamphlet "A Bill of hiring with preferential firing. Rights for Working People." The The Coalition of Labor Union Women (CLUW) is taking the response from those mostly older lead this March 8 in defense of the gains made by women on the white male workers was fantastic. 'Official' votes job. CLUW is also uniting with other union organizations in One man in his sixties said, "I'm The Feb.· 21 issue of The Militant states that, in 1972, the Socialist demonstrations demanding "Jobs for All!" about ready for a revolutionary party." A younger Black worker, a Workers Party candidates were ruled The United Nations has designated 1975 as International Vietnam veteran, told me, "Just the off the Tennessee presidential ballot. Women's Year. It will be a year of struggle-struggle to defend party I've been looking for. What That is 97 percent correct. However, rights already won, and struggle to gain new ones. · we need is a third party, a workers in three counties, the county clerk party." either rebelled or didn't understand That Bill of Rights is dynamite! what he was· supposed to do, and in Betsy McDonald those counties the Jenness-Pulley V enic~ Calif. ticket appeared on the ballot. U.S. get out! The three counties (Crockett, Hardeman, and Madison) officially "I think we have to hold the line somewhere. . . . This is reported 138 votes for the Jenness­ . . . in the interests of the peace 9{ the world., Pulley ticket, but Tennessee state elec­ Adlai Stevenson, U.S. representative to the UN, June 27,1965. 'New' wage index tion officials refused to show these We know about the moves to dilute votes in the printed election returns. Ten years after the massive U.S. escalation of the war in an already understated Consumer Richard Winger Vietnam, the criminals responsible for continuing the slaughter Price Index- to "broaden" it to San Francisco, Calif. in Indochina are still talking about "the integrity of our "all" consumer groups, including the petty-bourgeois classes with their alliances," "national security," and the "threat" of communism spendings on luxuries, and to add in order to justify new requests to Congress for arms and money "quality improvement" factors. Bill Walton to back their clients in Southeast Asia. There have also been some rum­ The U.S. rulers took over from French imperialism in the blings about creating a "new, im­ The ideas of the present radicaliza­ 1950s by sponsoring the puppet regime of Ngo Dinh Diem in proved" wage index as well. Work tion have spread far and wide. Bill Vietnam-one of a long line-and invoking the sacred commit­ . is now being done on this by the Walton, three-time All-American cen­ ments they had made to their own creature. The coup -that Bureau of Labor Statistics. Of ter while at UCLA, recently told a brought Lon Nol to power in Cambodia in 1970 was also made course, the "improved" wage index Los Angeles Times interviewer some "shows" just what they want-wages of his current thoughts. in Washington. ",rising faster" than the present pay­ On the salaries of professional During the 1880s the imperialist powers justified their roll index for production and non­ athletes: "I think athletes are under­ colonial wars as civilizing missions. Today they talk about supervisory workers. paid. The largest group of profes­ bringing the benefits of freedom and democracy to the less In an article which initiated a sional athletes are big-time college fortunate. Only the rhetoric is different. three-year program for developing . football and basketball players and, Behind the cant about the "free world" are Saigon's and the "improved" index, Norm an· at best, they get only a few thousand Pnompenh's torture chambers and the disregard of the Samuels had this to say: dollars a year (through scholar­ imperialist rulers for the vast majority of people in the U.S. and "The ideal measure should be a ships). Through circ-um stances, a the world who have clearly demonstrated their disgust with the single measure that covers all em­ few of us make very large incomes. ployees, includes all forms of com­ Still, we wouldn't be paid these butchery in Indochina. pensation, and is free of the effects salaries unless the owners felt it was The real issue remains Washington's attempt to crush the of fluctuations in the amount of in their best interest. . . . Unfortu­ irrepressible struggle of the peoples of Southeast Asia for premium pay for overtime, shifts in nately, the people who participate in national independence, land reform, and social progress. employment between low-wage and sports, who generate all this income, Not one more dollar for Washington's slaughter in Indochina! high-wage industry, and changes in are- not receiving the profits." U.S. get out of Southeast Asia and stay out! the mix of occupations." Are some people making money at In other words, add the managers, the expense of others? "That's the supervisors, lawyers, salespersons, way it is in the whole so-called 'free and others who have been "justly world.' People are making money

10 Women In Revolt Linda Jenness.

off other people's labor. And that's not right People who work should Mormon church vs. ERA be the ones who get paid.... " LOGAN, Utah-1975 has seen the defeat of the Equal newspapers. On his own salary: "First, my sup­ Rights Amendment (ERA) by legislatures in five The Mormon church is one of the-if not the-most posed money, like that of most states-Oklahoma, Arizona, Nevada, Georgia, and powerful economic forces in the state, with vast land highly paid athletes, is spread out in Utah. In addition, bills have been introduced in both holdings, large financial investments, and control of deferred payments over the years. the Texas and New Mexico legislatures to rescind their many corporations. Many state legislators are Mor­ Given the economic situation, no one ratifications of the ERA. Tennessee and Nebraska mons. knows what the paper money will be have already voted to rescind their ratification. "Over ~ period of many decades," said the "Church worth by the time I see it. It may be Whether or not a state can rescind its ratification is News" editorial, "women have been accorded special next to worthless. . " being debated in the courts, but whatever the outcome, protection and the status properly due them. More Walter Lippmann these attacks on the. ERA are serious and part of a recently, these include equality of opportunity in Los Angeles, Calif. major right-wing offensive to stop the ERA. political, civil and economic spheres. . . . But all of The fact that three-fourths of the states must ratify this will not change the fact that men and women are the amendment is undemocratic to begin with. As it different, made so by a Divine Creator. Each has his stands now, two-thirds of the states have ratified the or her role. One is incomplete without the other." Most influential ERA-North Dakota brought the number to 34-and The editorial ends with the threat that if the I am writing this letter in regard to these states account for the vast majority of the amendment is ratified, the result will be mass "uni­ the Bill of Rights for all working population of the United States. The reactionaries are sex." people. counting on the lightly populated and largely rural In a state where 70 percent of the population is listed I am a reader and a constant states to override the majority's clear desire to extend as Mormon, the editorial had a strong effect. A new follower of the events published in full democratic rights to women. They are zeroing in poll showed that public support for the ERA had The Militant newspaper, and the on states with especially conservative legislatures. dropped to 49 percent, and many legishitors reversed topic of socialism should indeed be A good case in point is Utah. A poll taken toward their support. expounded upon. I am an inmate in the end of _1974 showed that 65 perc;ent of the Utah Although the ERA was defeated-for the second a federal institution, and I am well public supJ)orted the ERA. This poll, as well as the time-in Utah, Utahans for the ERA have not given aware of the functions the capitalistic verbal support that Governor Calvin Rampton gave up. They are calling for a unified fight for passage of laws are based on. the amendment, was' encouraging to supporters of the the ERA, independently of the legislature. I am a believer in the concept of ERA. It looked as if the ERA would pass in Utah. "We must place our confidence in the people of this life, which is equality for all the Then, on Jan. 11-a few days before the state state," they write in a leaflet appealing for support. masses. This is why I accept some legislature was convened-the Mormon church public­ ". . . we can build a popular movement of massive, aspects of socialism. ly declared is opposition to the ERA in an editorial in visible support to the Equal Rights Amendment.... I think even true socialism has its "Church News," a weekly supplement to the church­ Our perspective is to continue to build support for the faults. Yet being a realist, and with owned Deseret News, one of Utah's two statewide ERA until it becomes the law of the land." the knowledge that I have to accept some form of government, socialism is my choice. I hope to read more about socialism. I must add that The Militant to me is the most influential and the National Picket Line most factual paper out there. Con­ tinue revealing the truth, for truth brings about a change. Frank Lovell A prisoner Connecticut How wages can catch prices The cost-of-living allowance (COLA) is a feature of rise in the index, or 3.3 cents for each 1-point index many union contracts and· a negotiating demand of jump. Boston conference nearly all unions. The purpose is to compensate for In September 1973, when the present auto contract There were a few inaccuracies in the inflation by. keeping wages fully abreast of rising was signed, the index was 135.5. It rose to 154.3 in Feb. 28 Militants generally excellent prices. It is not intended to raise the standard of November 1974, an 18.8-point jump. The total hourly coverage of the National Student living, only to reimburse workers for losses suffered increase over this 14-month period was 62 cents. Conference Against Racism. from price markups, rent hikes, and tax increases. Adjustments are made quarterly. Cy·nthia Wade, who is the student A variety of ways are currently used to compute This formula removes the mystery from COLA, body president at the Hart-Dean COLA, none adequate. Of the five million workers now adjusts wages at shorter intervals, and compensates Annex of South Boston High School, protected by wage escalators, less than three million all workers equally. It has no top limit. It is also used was the Black student who spoke at receive adjustments quarterly. Most others are partial­ in steel and some other industries, and can serve as a the Friday night teach-in. Wade won ly compensated annually for the ravages of inflation, working model for the development of a basic COLA the election for president after the some semiannually. Many agreements fix a ~·cap" on formula for all wages, unemployment payments, white students boycotted the election. adjustments, limiting wages to a specified hourly or welfare payments, and pensions. Joette Chauncy, who was elected a weekly rate regardless of how far or fast prices But the UAW's formula for COLA, while it is the new national coordinator of the advance. best currently in use, still falls short of doing what it is National Student Coalition Against Usually the method of computing COLA is deliber­ supposed to do: correct the imbalance between wages Racism, did not speak Friday night, ately complicated, as in the 1974 agreement between and prices resulting from continuing inflation. Sorpe as The Militant reported, but led a the New York Telephone Company and the Communi­ improvements should be made. workshop on high school students cations Workers of America. It reads: The period of adjustment should be shortened from Saturday morning. "1. Effective August 3, 1975, an adjustment will be quarterly to weekly, eliminating most of the "lost You mispelled the name of another made in basic weekly [emphasis added] rates in each money" factor caused by the time lag between price new coordinator. This was Annell wage schedule. The amount of the adjustment shall be increases and pay raises. (not Anell) Bond, who was elected 50¢ plus .6% of the scheduled rates applicable during The other necessary change is in the accepted Sunday following her nomination by the first year of the agreement, rounded to the nearest measurement of inflation. The BLS Consumer Price Matty Berkelhamm er of the Young 50¢ for each full percent increase in the U.S. Bureau of Index does not show the full effect of inflation on the Workers Liberation League. Labor Statistics [BLS] National Consumer Price Index working-class family budget. In describing the two structure (1967=100) for May 1975 over May 1974. A partial per proposals that were debated on cent increase shall be applied proportionately." This is A list of 20 common food items checked by price Sunday, The Militant described one an annual adjustment. watchers from American Federation of State, County as having been put forward by the Such contract language makes COLA a mysterious and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) District Council five coordinators. In fact, this element in the wage settlement. It is never clearly ..._ 37 shows an increase of 48 percent from January 1972 proposal was submitted by only four explained. to January 1975. The BLS index shows a 26 percent of the coordinators: Marcia Codling, Workers who expect protection from it find their increase in all items during this same three-year Maceo Dixon, Paul Mailhot, and Ray wages frozen during the year while prices continue to period. AFSCME says "When food goes up 48'.11! . . . . as Sherbill. Robert Harper did not sign 1 the structure proposal. rise. The adjustment, when it comes, is measured against a general CPI rise of 26 J!l, it is the working Peter Seidman according to the BLS Consumer Price Index (CPI), class and lower earners generally who are hit hard­ Boston, Mass. which does not accurately reflect the increased cost of est." commodities bought with the weeldy paycheck. · A new price index based on those items workers buy And, in the example of the telephone workers, the weekly, constantly checked by union and consumer adjustment is partially related to a percentage of the price watchers, is the only honest way to measure the base pay so that the lowest-paid workers get the effect of inflation on wages. This is the necessary q The letters column is an open forum smallest compensation even though they pay the same basis of a fully protective COLA clause in every union for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ high prices as all others. contract, a formula for the continuous upward adjust­ eral interest to our readers. Please The simplest and most nearly accurate COLA ment of all low incomes. keep your letters brief. Where neces­ formula is in the United Auto Workers (UAW) The union movement needs to fight for a standard sary they will be abridged. Please in­ contract. Like most others, it uses the BLS Consumer COLA formula to protect all wages and benefits. dicate if your name may be used or Price Index as the measure of inflation. Workers Every union should make such a formula a top if you prefer that your initials be used receive 1 cent an hour for every 0.3-percentage-point demand in contract negotiations. instead.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 14, 1975 11 12,000 angry hard hats demand Strikers steps to end unemployment in N.Y. stand finn By STEPHEN BLOOM NEW YORK- Twelve thousand con­ at U. of struction workers marched on City Hall here Feb. 27 to demand that the city do something to relieve unemploy­ ment in the construction industry. The Michigan demonstration was called by the New York City Building and Construction By MARGARET THOMAS Trades Council. ANN ARBOR, Mich., March 1-At a The purpose of the action was to Feb. 26 meeting more than 500 mem­ protest the cancellation or delay by bers and supporters of the Graduate the city of construction projects Employees Organization (GEO) at the around New York that would pro­ University of Michigan reaffirmed vide much-needed work for the unem­ their commitment to the strike here by ployed union members. As many as some 2,200 teaching and research as­ 21,000 of the 95,000 building-trades -sistants. The walkout began Feb. 11. union members in New York are now Graduate employees here teach out of work. Many of those attending about 40 percent of undergraduate the demonstration told The Militant classes, yet are among the lowest-paid that they had not worked in months. of any at major universities. The anger and frustration of the After nine months, negotiations re­ demonstrators was apparent. They main deadlocked, with the union re­ shouted epithets at New York's Mayor jecting the university's latest "final of­ Abraham Beame. There were scuffles fer." This includes a no-strike clause with police when several hundred dem­ and rejection of an agency shop (rec­ onstrators broke through police bar­ ognition of the union's right to bar­ ricades and tried to storm the back of gain for, and collect dues from, all City Hall. those in the bargaining unit). Toward the end of the demonstra­ A fact finder has been appointed by tion protesters threatened to overturn the Michigan Employment Relations Beame's car as he was leaving City Commission, and open hearings are Hall for a speech in Brooklyn. Ear­ scheduled to begin March 3. The fact lier, several hundred demonstrators finder is Patrick McDonald, who has had blocked traffic on the Brooklyn an antiunion background as a mem­ Bridge for three hours. Jobless construction workers in Feb. 27 demonstration at New ber of the Detroit school board. The unions held no organized rally The union hardly expects McDonald at the demonstration. Consequently, calling for full citizenship rights for "Right now 1/6 of New York's bud­ to be sympathetic, but has reluctantly the workers spent much of the time all undocumented workers. That is get goes for debt service [payment agreed to fact-finding in an effort to simply mUling about in the vicinity the only way to build a united strug­ on municipal bonds held by banks1" make so~e progress in the negotia­ of City, Hall. The demand for jobs, gle- of all workers against those who the leaflet stated. "One third of the tions. however, was strongly expressed in ·are really responsible for unemploy: current deficit is for payment of in­ Unfortunately, the GEO bargaining the chants of the crowd. ment. terest and principal on debts. In three team has also requested binding ar­ "We want work," and "Jobs now," The slogans against . the "illegal years the debt service has risen over bitration, which the university refuses. they shouted. aliens" only served to let the capital­ 75% as a proportion of the total bud­ The GEO bargainers mistakenly be­ Unfortunately, the placards that had ist politicians, like Beame, off the get. At .the same time, labor costs lieve that an arbitrator would be "im­ been printed by the unions did not hook. have remained ·.the same as a pro­ partial." focus on the announced purpose of the Beame has been on a campaign to portion of the total budget." The university- will be closed for demonstration. Instead, the signs had cut costs by firing some city workers spring break March 1-8. By stalling reactionary slog·ans such as "Jobs for and making others give up benefits The size of the demonstration, de­ negotiations as long as possible, the Americans instead of illegal aliens" they have gained through their union spite the meager organizing efforts of university is trying to isolate the and "Stop illegal aliens from taking contracts. The Beame administration the leadership of the building-trades union by attempting to blame the GEO American jobs." also claims that there are insufficient unions, is a significant expression of for the students' missed classes. The The decision by the union officials funds to continue various citY-financed the sentiment of the union members. university is also claiming that the to raise such demands at the demon­ construction projects. It dempnstrates the potential for a G EO's demands would raise tuition. stration plays directly into the hands In fact, there is plenty of money powerful campaign to demand that Despite these tactics, many students of the employers and the government, available to the city government. The the city, state, and federal govern­ are supporting the strike on the picket who are currently trying to whip up problem is that the top priorities are ments launch a massive program of lines and by boycotting classes. Some racist hysteria against undocumented not the needs of city workers or the public works to provide jobs for all professors have scheduled classes off immigrant workers by making them many construction projects that could construction workers, including un­ campus. An undergraduate support the scapegoats for unemployment. benefit the people of New York. documented workers, at union-scale committee has been set up. Rather than falling for this ploy by A leaflet passed out at the dem­ wages. One major decision of the member­ attacking these workers, who are onstration by District Council 37 of The union officials responsible for ship at the Feb. 26 meeting was to superexploited, the labor movement the American Federation of State, organizing this demonstration, how­ hold firm on the agency shop demand should be demanding a job for every­ County and Municipal Employees ex­ ever, are currently more interested in and to stay on strike until the union one at union wages, regardless of their posed the real priorities of the Beame their reactionary crusade against "il­ wins full bargaining rights for all citizenship status. administration and the New York City legal aliens" than in leading such a graduate student assistants. Furthermore, the unions should be government. campaign. The university claims that in an academic institution it is unfair to re­ quire all graduate student assistants to pay a fee to the union. "The key issue is not money but Unions set April 29 march for jobs union security," answered union nego­ tiator David Gordon. There is strong By NELSON BLACKSTOCK Cambodia- with the funds going in­ other unions present," according to the sentiment among the strikers to re­ NEW YORK- April 29 has been ten­ stead to help our own economy." Public Employee Press, "were the ject the university's appeal to "pro­ tatively set as the date for a march · "The March will focus attention on Tram1port Workers, Electrical Work­ fessionalism." on Washington, D.C., by New York the responsibility of the President and ers, Communications Workers, Postal While some students have been re­ City trade unionists protesting mount­ the Congress to 'get the recession off Workers, Furniture Workers, Amal­ turning to their classes, union sup­ ing unemployment, spokespersons for the backs of workers,'" the newspaper gamated Clothing Workers, Hotel, port for GEO has increased. Both District Council 37 of the American stated, "and will demand immediate Motel and Club Workers, Steelwork­ Teamsters and AFSCME (American Federation of State, County and Mu­ specific legislation to pu't the uhem­ ers ... Distributive Workers, Jewelry Federation of State, County and Mu­ nicipal Employees (AFSCME) told ployed back on jobs, ease the tax Workers, Teamsters, Hospital Work­ nicipal Employees) delivery trucks The Militant. burden of workers, reduce interest ers, Movie Projectionists, Fur and have honored the picket lines at load­ The date is expected to be finalized rates to· stimulate the economy, adopt Leather Workers, Oil, Chemical and ing· docks. The United Auto Workers at a mid-March meeting of represen­ Federal standards for unemployment Atomic Workers, and Amalgamated (U AW), which represents the univer­ tatives of unions backing the demon­ insurance with a minimum of 75% of Meat Cutters." sity's 3,200 newly organized clerical stration. regular pay for at least one year aRd Additional unions have since ex­ workers, has pledged legal and other New York municipal workers have a National Health Security program." pressed interest in joining the march, support been threatened with massive layoffs, The march will also back a bill AFSCME representatives told The Other labor endorsements include and AFSCME has taken the lead in providing funds to cities to prevent Militant. the Michigan Education Association, projecting the Washington demonstra­ further layoffs of public workers, the Edward Maher, associate director of the Huron Valley Central Labor tion. AFSCME paper reported. the 110,000-member District Council Council of the AFL-CIO, the UAW The Feb. 28 issue of Public Em. The demonstration appears to be 37, told all local union officials to and AF SCM E international unions, ployee Press, newspaper of District drawing broad union support. The prepare for "one of the biggest opera­ and the Washtenaw County chapter Council 37, reported that the march United Auto Workers took part in a tions in our history, moving thou­ of the Coalition ·of Labor Union will demand "an end to financial sup­ Feb. 21 planning meeting at District sands of members to Washington," ac• Women. port of the war in Viet Nam and Council 37 headquarters. "Among the cording to the AFSCME newspaper.

12 can'

a

By Fred Halstead

Spiraling job crisis. Thousands jam city hall in Chicago seeking public service employment.

In the richest, most productive country plans for a little something better out One basic cause of unemployment is as the big industries of the country are in the world there should not be, there of life for millions of people, and the automation. New technology is always ,privately owned and operated only for need not be, any person who wants a sinking feeling that they are sliding being introduced, increasing the pro­ profit. To beat out their competitors job and cannot find one. But in into poverty with not much they can ductivity of labor. The use of new and and boost their profits, companies January 1975 the government reported do about· it. more advanced machinery means that expand, automate, and throw huge there were 7.5 million workers unem­ In more and more cases it means every year workers can produce more quantities of goods onto the market. ployed in the United States. This is the actual hunger and malnutrition. goods per hour. But production is anarchistic and largest number of jobless since the After the depression in the 1930s, If the economy were rationally unplanned. And while the capacity of. Great Depression of the 1930s. government and business leaders organized to meet society's needs, this industry to produce grows, the pur­ Someone once said "life strikes the promised that such a disaster would would be a blessing. Increased produc­ chasing power of the majority of weak." That's the way it is with never happen again. Modem econom­ tivity would mean a higher standard of people does not keep up with it. unemployment. It strikes most heavily ics, they said, had learned how to living for everyone and shorter hours At a certain point markets are at the groups that can least afford it, smooth out the old boom-and-bust of work. But the private owners of glutted, goods can't be sold. When at the people who, for one reason or cycle capitalism had always gone industry don't introduce new machines companies can't make the maximum another, are in the least privileged through in the past. to benefit workers or society. profit operating at their full capacity, positions even when there is work. Yet today we are in the sixth They automate to make higher they begin to lay off workers. But if These include the unorganized and recession since World War II, and by profits by saving money on wages. So people are laid off, they are not able to unskilled; Black, Chicano, and Puerto far the worst. It's more like a depres­ instead of benefiting everyone, auto­ buy as much as they could before, let Rican workers; women; older workers; sion for growing numbers of us. Many mation is steadily throwing workers alone more. A chain reaction sets in. and the very young, who find it hard to people think we are sliding toward out of their jobs and into the ranks of Layoffs multiply, and soon masses of get their first job and cannot really unemployment levels like the 1930s, the unemployed. workers must do without-because start living until they do. and the economic "experts" can only In fact, the industrialists hold that a they have produced too much. It is a shrug and say, maybe so. They just certain level of unemployment is all to cruel, wasteful, and destructive cycle. don't know. the good, because it pits workers 12 million need jobs against each other for jobs, making it The official figure tells only part of easier to keep wages low and enforce Plenty of wealth the story. When you add in those who speedup. There's plenty of wealth in existence. can only finq part-time work and those On top of this "structural" unem­ It's just that the wealth gets concen­ the government says have given up Causes ployment caused by automation comes trated in the hands of the very rich. "actively" looking for work, the total is the massive job loss of an economic And despite their disgusting show of more than 12 miUion. of unemployment crisis like we are in now. Every time extravagant living (sales of yachts and Fewer than 6 million of these are President Ford's economic report this happens the voices of big business Cadillacs are booming), they are so collecting any unemployment compen­ predicts a slow recovery later this year, find something "exceptional" to blame rich they can't even begin to spend sation at all. The rest are not elegible but even so it admits there will still be it on-anything but their own greed for most of their income for personal or have already run out of benefits. 8. percent or higher unemployment at profits. This time they are trying to consumption. Instead they put most of This means millions of families with­ the end of 1975. Ford's economists make the Arab peoples the scapegoats, their wealth into investments, to make out any income at all, dependent on have now redefined "full employment" pretending that higher oil prices­ profits. relatives, welfare, or charity. to mean 5.5 percent unemployment, which were engineered by the giant And they won't allow their capital­ It means unpaid bills piling up, but they say even that target won't be U.S. oil monopolies to start with­ money, factories, machines, raw insurance and medical policies laps­ reached for years to come, maybe caused the slump. materials-to be used unless doing so ing, repossession of things bought on never. It means more than 5 million of The truth is that crises and mass will make them even richer. time. It means the abandonment of us permanently out of work. Why? unemployment will be with us as long Continued on next page

THE MILITANT/MARCH 14, 1975 13 ...socialist proposal for a way out ~ ; Continued from preceding page American industry has the capacity to provide a decent, even abundant, standard of living for everyone. Few would question that. But right now, the government estimates American facto­ ries are only producing 74 percent of what they could produce if fully utilized. Why? Only because it is not profitable to produce more. There are plenty of human needs unfilled in this country. For example, . there are still 40 million people in the U.S. living below or barely above the official government poverty line. These 40 million don't have much money to spend. Workers generally don't have enough to spend, even when they are employed. The corporations say that the only way to get the economy operating at full capacity is to make it profitable for them. President Ford agrees. And there is no disagreement with this in Con­ gress. A minimum tax rebate has been proposed amounting to only a hundred or so dollars for most working people. 'Millions of people have the sinking feeling they are sliding into poverty with not much they can do about it.' Above, Some Democrats and Republicans waiting for food stamps in Nashville, Tenn. quibble over some of the details and fiddle with the exact figures, but a huge bite out of our paychecks, it forced to accept lower wage increases­ mally, without union facilities if neces­ basically what they offer is only a drop worsens the effects of the recession. in some cases even outright wage cuts sary, and begin to carry out the in the bucket. Admitting that government deficit such as a four-day week at four days' functions of an unemployed movement If you look at the history of this spending causes inflation, Ford says pay-under threat of being laid off if while continuing to pressure the offi­ country since the depression, the only it's time to cut back-but not the war they protest. cers to sanction an official unemployed times the economy has been spurred to budget. The Pentagon's billions are Organized labor and the unemployed committee. anywhere near full production have sacred. Instead Ford wants to cut back have common interests. Both want There are many things an unem­ been during wars. on education for children, food stamps decent living standards and job securi- ployed committee can do. It can help It took huge government spending for the hungry, health care for the sick, ty. - the jobless to get the compensation for arms for World War II to pull the and Social Security for the aged. What Employed workers know that they and relief benefits they are entitled to. country out of the depression. It got out kind of a system is it that spends 100 can be thrown out of work tomorrow, It can arrange to stop evictions and of the 1949-50 recession with increased times more for war destruction than and that conditions on the job get repossessions. Through inexpensive armaments production for the Korean for occupational safety and health? worse when a long line of jobless is social functions, children's parties, and war. The long economic boom of the All that Ford offers to deal with the waiting outside. They therefore have a so on, it can make life a little brighter 1960s was spurred by pouring billions economic crisis is the paltry tax rebate big stake in fighting unemployment for the unemployed and their families, of dollars into the war in Vietnam. plan, extending unemployment com­ and raising jobless compensation and and give them the feeling that they are This solution, with its criminal waste pensation a few weeks, and providing welfare allotments. not alone. And such activities can be of human lives, is no longer acceptable a handful of public service jobs. On the other h,and, jobless workers, just a beginning. to the American people. None of these measures will come because of their involuntary idleness, The entire $100-billion-per-year "de­ anywhere near putting the unem­ are able through demonstrations and fense" budget is all waste, worse than ployed back to work. But that doesn't picket lines to put pressure on the waste. It goes to prop up corrupt worry Ford and his advisors. Mter all, politicians to pass legislation that will dictators-like those in Cambodia and they are not unemployed. Their person­ benefit all workers. South Vietnam-who are hated by allives haven't been upset by a sudden But leaders like Meany, Woodcock, Time for their own people and kept in power loss of income. Their time payments and Fitzsimmons have so far refused only by U.S. arms. Untold billions go aren't beginning to lapse. Maybe to make effective use of this source of action to the CIA's spying and subversion they'd take a different attitude if they strength, solidarity, and mutual aid. While the top union leaders are around the world. had to support a family on unemploy­ afraid to fight for any measures the Ford and Kissinger talk about "na­ ment insurance. Democrats won't go for, there is tional security" and "fighting Com­ So Ford's real program comes down Organize the unemployed growing pressure from the ranks of munism." But this spending contrib­ to this: It's OK to put people back to In self-interest, the unions should labor to change this policy. Some utes nothing to the security of working work, but only if the rich can get richer take the initiative in organizing the demonstrations against unemploy­ people in the U.S. or anywhere else. It out of the process. And while Ford is unemployed. They should suspend ment have already been held, and only brings us closer to a nuclear trying to set that up, the unemployed dues and maintain full membership there is talk of more and bigger holocaust that could wipe out humani­ will just have to wait. rights for laid-off union members. actions, including mass marches on ty. They should make union halls, fi­ Washington. If there was ever a time War spending is also the major cause nances, mailing lists, and .nther facili­ when the labor movement needed to of inflation. The Vietnam war spend­ Union leaders wait ties available so that their unemployed organize mass protests in the streets, it ing temporarily picked up the econo­ The trouble with most of the top members can meet, set up unemployed is now. my, but it also brought on today's union leaders, like AFlrCIO President committees in every local, and demo­ What sort of demands can such soaring prices. Because inflation takes George Meany, United Auto Workers cratically elect their own officers to protests raise that will really help the President Leonard Woodcock, and conduct the work of these committees. unemployed? Teamster President Frank Fitzsim­ They should encourage and help the mons, is that they too are waiting. unemployed to bring these committees Full compensation They are depending on Ford or the together on a local and national basis To begin with, the jobless must have Democrats to handle the unemploy­ so they can exert the maximum politi­ enough unemployment compensation ment problem, instead of getting the cal pressure on the government. They to prevent their sinking into poverty. unemployed and employed workers should enlist the support and partici­ Simple justice demands that workers mobilized to fight for a solution. pation of all unemployed workers, thrown off the job through no fault of This policy is stupid and dangerous. including those who never belonged to their own should not have to suffer It is stupiq because the Democrats in unions before. cuts in their living standards. If the Congress have just about the same What a powerful force for good such employers can't or won't hire people attitude toward unemployment as the a movement would be! who are able and willing to work, then Ford administration. With their eyes Jobless union men and women can the employers are the ones who should on the 1976 elections they make lots of help create such a movement. They be penalized, not the workers whose speeches about how concerned they are can go down to their local union halls toil and sweat and brains built this about unemployment, but they aren't and meetings and tell the union country. going to do anything effective about it officers that they want to· have an In a country as rich as this one, the unless they are forced to. They don't active unemployed committee and that government should provide jobless represent us; they represent the em­ they want to have a voice in what it compensation at union wage rates for ployers who pay for their campaigns. does. If they go about it correctly, if the full duration of unemployment. It is dangerous because if the unions they appeal to the sense of solidarity When is the right time to tell a don't come quickly to the aid of their and justice of the rank-and-file union family they can go on welfare or jobless brothers and sisters, the corpo­ members, they can get the ball rolling. starve? After 39 weeks? Mter 52 rations will try to use the unemployed They don't have to wait indefinitely weeks? There is never a right time. 'We need work in order to eat.' Crisis to undermine union wages and condi­ if the union officers drag their feet or Nowadays working people face a strikes hardest at those who can least tions, and possibly as strikebreakers. tum a cold shoulder on their requests. double squeeze on their. standard of afford it. Already many workers are being They can organize themselves infor- living: unemployment and soaring

14 prices. More and more unions are There certainly can, and the answer demanding cost-of-living escalator lies in one of the historic goals of the clauses in an effort to keep wages labor movement: to win a shorter abreast of price increases. It is evident workweek with no cut in weekly take­ that the government is not going to home pay. control prices or "whip inflation." More than 20 years ago the United Extending such cost-of-living clauses Auto Workers (UAW) made famous the to all wage agreements is the only way slogan of "30-for-40"-30 hours work we can protect ourselves against the for 40 hours pay. This is a sound ravages of inflation. proposal, benefiting both the unem­ But the unemployed, the disabled, ployed and the employed and therefore and the aged have to pay the same capable of arousing their united sup­ high prices as everybody else. There port. should be effective escalator provisions It would put people back to work by in unemployment compensation, So­ increasing, the number of jobs avail­ cial Security, veterans' benefits, pen­ able. It would make the lives of the sions, and welfare too. employed workers easier to bear by And we can't rely on the govern­ giving them more leisure time to ment's Consumer Price Index. Tb,e develop new interests and talents and unions should take the lead in setting spend more time with their families­ up independent consumer committees just as the 40-hour week did when it that would report on prices, so we was introduced many years ago. know what the real rate of inflation is If the UAW mobilized in action and in setting cost-of-living increases. won a 30-hour week, then, all other When the unions and the unem­ things remaining the same, it would ployed begin to demand measures such take one-third more workers to produce as effective escalator clauses, the Dem­ the same number of cars. So even at have to raise prices drastically or they become convinced of the need for such ocratic and Republican politicians will today's depressed production levels, all won't have any incentive to keep the a change. As a step in this direction start screaming that they would cost the auto workers now laid off would be plants open at alL workers and unemployed can fight for too much. rehired. A reasonable answer would be to practical measures to protect tht!m­ But strangely enough, the politicians But all other factors would not demand that the corporations' finan­ selves in today's crisis: full unemploy­ who yell the loudest about "welfare remain the same. Workers always tend cial books and records be opened up for ment compensation, cost-of-living esca­ bums" and "government handouts" to be more efficient when they aren't so inspection by committees of unionists, lator clauses, a massive public works are the same ones who are eager to beat from having to work such long consumers, and the unemployed. In­ program, a shorter workweek, and pour billions more into Thieu's regime hours, so the quality of goods would be stead of taking their word that they control over health and safety mea­ in South Vietnam and into building improved and more would be produced. can't afford to employ everyone at sures. more missiles, bombs, and tanks. And if all auto workers were employed decent wages, we should find out for They're the same crooked politicians and drawing full pay, consumer pur­ ourselves. who have voted billions of dollars' chasing power would rise and others of In the books of the giant corpora­ worth of tax loopholes and hidden the unemployed could go back to work. tions will be found proof of their giveaways to the corporations and the If a shorter workweek were intro­ superprofits, creation of artificial shor­ rich. duced throughout U.S. industry, all the tages, price fixing, fantastic executive Fight against The Democrats and Republicans unemployed could get back to work, salaries and bonuses, tax swindles, aren't really opposed to spending and the overwhelming majority of millions for false advertising, huge discrimination money. They're just opposed to spend­ people would benefit from the change. sums to buy politicians, and deliber­ Imagine what things would be like if ing it for what people need instead of ate manufacture of shoddy and unsafe the unemployment rate today were for war and for helping the rich get goods. twice as high as it is; if the number of richer. Big business objections But what happens if the corpora­ unemployed were 15 million instead of Most people (except for the rich, who Of course, the corporations, the tions refuse to operate the plants at full 7.5 million. are the real idle parasites) would owners of industry, the big stockhold­ capacity because they can't get richer Well, that's the way it really is-not rather have a job than a dole. If the ers, would have their incomes reduced out of the process? in imagination, but in fact-in the government started· seriously taxing because they would be paying out more The workers in each plant and Black community, where one out of the corporations and banks and elimi­ in wages. They and their political industry should be able to elect com­ every seven workers is unable to find a nated war spending, it could provide representatives in Washington would mittees to oversee production and job. In the big urban ghettos the useful jobs at union wages for all the strongly object. make the decisions about work speed, picture is much worse. There 25 per­ unemployed. Their reasons for opposing a shorter - automation, hiring and firing, promo­ cent or more of Blacks are unemployed, President Ford's new budget pro­ workweek are not sound economic tions, and health and safety stand­ and 40 or 50 percent of Black youth. vides for creating no more than reasons, however much they talk that ards. Industries should be taken over The situation facing Puerto Ricans, 280,000 public service jobs this year, way. It's just that they put their own and managed according to a democrat­ Chicanos, and other minorities is just and those at starvation wages. Other profits above the welfare of the unem­ ically decided national plan that would as bad. proposals in Congress talk about ployed and working people generally. eliminate the causes of recessions and Proportionately a third more women 700,000 jobs, one million at most, and The corporations will argue that the use the full capacity of American pro­ than men are unemployed, and the Congress seems in no hurry to pass reason they aren't operating at full duction. figures don't even count the millions of any of these programs. capacity now is because profits aren't That is the socialist answer to the housewives who would work if they high enough. (In 1974 profits were long-term problem of unemployment, could. Public works program "only" an all-time record high of $141- depressions, and poverty in the midst Throughout the 1960s minorities _What we urgently need in today's billion.) If they have to grant more of plenty. Socialists are confident that were promised that if they would stay crisis is an emergency program ·of wages on top of this, they'll say they in time the majority of people will Continued on next page public works to put all the unemployed-not 700,000, not one million, not two million, but all who want jobs-to work on socially useful projects. 'The Militant'--a special offer This would kill two birds with one Layoffs. Skyrocketing prices. Phony what's going on in this country. ,around the world. stone-provide jobs, and take care of shortages. Racist attacks on Blacks. And it puts forward a perspective Unlike the capitalist newspapers, the country's crying need for better War threats in the Mideast and for fighting back. which claim objectivity while dis­ schools, low-rent housing, medical Southeast Asia. Secret-police opera­ It provides weekly on-the-spot torting the facts, The Militant stands facilities, child-care centers, modern tions that violate our rights. coverage of the struggles for eco­ on the side of all those fighting mass transit systems, parks and rec­ The Militant, a weekly socialist nomic and social justice that are against exploitation and oppres­ reational facilities, and so on. The very newspaper, tells the truth about going on across the country and sion. Its reporters include partici­ highest priority should be given to pants in these struggles. providing jobs and funds to the Black, Don't miss a single issue. Take Chicano, and Puerto Rican communi­ advantage of our special introduc­ ties, where the need for rebuilding and tory offer of two months of The providing new facilities is greatest. Militant for only $1. The only ones who could object to ( ) $1 for two months such a program are the big business ( ) $7.50 for one year interests that think no such facilities Name ______should be provided unless a private profit can be made on them. Address ______Shorter workweek So far we've talked about immediate, City------emergency steps to alleviate the plight of the jobless. Can't something be done . State ZiP----- The Militant, 14 Charles Lane, New about the long-term problem of unem­ Militant/Dennis Scarla ployment as well? York, N.Y. 10014.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 14, 1975 15 ...how labor mov't can win· jobs for all Continued from preceding page fellow workers. within "the system," American capital­ Most of the workers without papers ism would gradually provide full eco­ are Mexicans living in the Southwest, nomic and social equality-slowly, but but there are also West Indians, Latin surely. · Americans, Asians, and some Euro­ Now we see what the system really peans. All are mercilessly abused and has to offer, and nobody talks about cheated by the employers, in conniv­ the old promises very much any more. ance with the Border Patrol, and used The slim gains that were made in to keep wages down. But the only education, hiring, and upgrading are reason they can be superexploited in being rolled back. The old dictum "last this way is because of their "illegal" hired, first fired" is used to keep the status, because they live in constant victims of p~st discrimination from fear of deportation and are intimidated ever getting a fair chance at jobs. Af­ from organizing and fighting for better firmative-action programs, preferential conditions. hiring, and quotas against discrimina­ The only way the unions can tum tion are all under attack by the this around is to organize the workers employers and their conservative without papers, recruit them into the mouthpieces in the union movement. unions, and demand that they be given And in Boston and other cities, the same rights as citiZens. racist mob violence has erupted to try When the labor movement begins to to block school desegregation-a first stand up for the rights of these step toward wiping out all the gains of oppressed and superexploited immi­ the civil rights movement. This same Searl a grant workers, it will find them to be Supporters of socialist candidates march in 'Jobs for All' demonstration in racism was responsible for the convic­ among the best and most militant Washington, D.c.· Camejo and Reid offer alternative to big-business-controlled tion of a Black doctor (Kenneth Edelin) fighters for the union cause. Democratic and Republican parties. for performing a legal abortion, thus threatening the gains of the women's movement. movement, 20 million strong, together about economic and political policies A program against unemployment, if with all the unemployed and unorgan­ that affect our lives, and a right to it is to have real meaning for those Use labor's ized who would gladly join in, could decide economic and political policy. hardest hit, must include a fight to mobilize rightfrom the s~rt! They are championing the rights of guarantee that no layoffs will be used power George Meany has been complaining women, oppressed minorities, and all to reduce the percentage of women and · The labor movement has the power that the "friends of labor" that the working people. oppressed nationalities on the job. to have unemployment outlawed and unions spent so much money to elect Unlike the candidates of the Demo­ Just as the seniority system prevent­ abolished. Organized labor is really last year aren't doing anything for the cratic and Republican parties, Camejo ed bosses from picking and choosing the most powerful political force in the workers, and he's right. and Reid give full support to the who to lay off, we must now prevent country today. It may not look that The fact is, both the Democratic and strikes, marches, rallies, and other them from using preferential firing to way considering how labor's demands Republican parties are controlled by actions working people are taking to beat back the gains the most discrimi­ are shelved by the :Oemocrats and the rich. They are not responsible to protect themselves from the economic nated-against workers have made over Republicans. But that's only because the workers or the unemployed. We crisis. the last few years. the labor officials don't use the power need our own party-a labor party. The unemployed want to go back to This is a matter of self-iD.terest for all labor has. There are more working people in workers, regardless of color or sex. If They tell us to elect more Democrats this country than anybody else. Right some of us try to preserve our jobs at and rely on the Democrats. But that from the start many of them would Reprints of this special Militant the expense of minorities and women, hasn't gotten labor anywhere because vote for a union-backed labor party feature, "Why Can't Everybody Have it will only play right into the bosses' the Democrats figure that the union that had a program to solve the a Job?" are available for distribu­ tactic of "divide and rule." They would leaders will tell us to vote for them no problems of all working people, op­ tion: Cost: 500 or more, 4 cents like nothing better than to see workers matter what they do. pressed nationalities, women, and each; 100-499, 5 cents each. Order fighting among themselves over a Millions of workers took part in the youth. This would be a giant first step from The Militant, 14 Charles Lane, dwindling number of jobs, rather than demonstrations of the civil rights toward a government that places New York, N.Y. 10014. waging a united fight against the boss movement and the antiwar movement. human needs above the employers' for laying off anybody. Those struggles showed how change is profits-a workers government. A lie ·is being spread right now by really brought about in this country~ The 1976 presidential race has al­ work. The tools, the machinery, the the employers, and unfortunately not by relying on the promises of ready begun. Workers need an alterna­ raw materials are waiting. If the many union leaders have fallen for it. Democratic and Republican politi­ tive to throwing their vote away on nation's capacity were fully utilized, if The lie is that immigrant workers cians, but by mobilizing our own power candidates beholden to big business. everybody had a job, we could produce without papers-the so-called illegal independently to fight for our own The Socialist Workers Party is offer­ an additional $100-billion worth of aliens_;are to blame for unemploy­ needs. ing such an alternative by running whatever we needed this year alone. ment because they "take away Ameri­ The antiwar marchers started out as Peter Camejo for president and Willie That would be enough to replace very can jobs." a small minority, led by students, and Mae Reid for vice-president. Camejo slum dwelling in this country with a The purpose of this lie is to get the eventually won the support of the and Reid are campaigning for the brand new home. employers and the government, who majority. By staying independent, ideas we have described here. They The only thing preventing it is the are really to blame for the economic staying in the streets, they eventually believe that working people have a greed of those who already have too crisis, off the hook, and to divert forced Nixon to withdraw the U.S. right to a job, an adequate income, and much. So why can't everybody have a workers into a reactionary campaign troops from Vietnam. secure retirement. They believe that job? We can if we all fight together for against the most exploited of their Just think what the organized labor workers have a right to know the truth it. Support the socialist alternative in '76 As unemployment lines grow, millions• Help distribute the Bill of Rights for Enclosed is my contribution of of Americans are asking, "What can Working People--discuss the proposals $ to support the Camejo-Reid we do?" where you work, study, and live-send campaign. The Socialist Workers Party candi- us your ideas. Name______dates for president and vice-president, Address: ______Peter Camejo and Willie Mae Reid, say The Bill of Rights for Working People: working people have a right to a job; 3 cents each; 2 cents each for 1,000 or City -----,------And they have a program for how to more. State ______Zip·------·win jobs for all. They propose a Bill of Phone ______Rights for Working People aimed at Clip------and mail to: Socialist Workers protecting us from the evils of this 1976 National Campaign Committee, system-from unemployment and in­ 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. Business Address------flation, from wars, racism, and sexism. 10014. Occupation/School/Organization --- The socialist candidates are bringing Please send me one copy free of charge this proposed new Bill of Rights to ( ) in English; ( ) in Spanish. working people across the country, Enclosed is $____for ( ) copies Officers of the Socialist Workers 1976 National presenting an alternative to the Dem­ ( ) in English; ( ) in Spanish. Campaign Committee- Chairpersons: Fred Hal­ stead, Ed Heisler, Linda Jenness, Andrew Pul­ ocratic and Republican candidates. ( ) I would like to set up a meeting for ley-Treasurer: Andrea Morell. The socialist candidates are avail­ one of the socialist candidates. able to speak before unions, on cam­ ( ) I endorse the Camejo-Reid ticket as A copy of our report is filed with the Federal Election Commission and is available for pur­ puses and in high schools, and at a positive alternative to the Democrat­ chase from the Federal Election Commission, community events. Militant/Arthur Hughes ic and Republican parties. Washington, D. C ..

16· Detente vs. world revolution Vietnam: origin of the current detente Last of a series Moscow and Peking were interested would Moscow and Peking do in Vietnam. Nor did it bring peace to By CAROLINE LUND in trade and technology from the the face of Nixon's brutal escala- other powderkegs of the world. In In earlier articles we have noted that West in order to be able to appease tion of the war? fact, the detente meant a sharpening each of the previous detentes has the demands of their own people for Only three days after Nixon's an- of the war danger in the Middle come at a time of great difficulties a higher standard of living while nouncement of the blockade, the East and Cyprus crises of 1973 and for the capitalist rulers. maintaining the hierarchy of privi- Kremlin gave its unequivocal an- 1974. It means that every confron­ In the economic CriSIS of the lege that their rule is based on. swer. The Soviet foreign-trade min- tation threatens to draw both detente 1930s, the imperialists turned to Sta- In return for these concessions, the ister in Washington appeared at the partners into the conflict. lin to help preserve capitalism in the Stalinists were to use their influence White House for a highly publicized face of revolutionary upsurges in to help keep the struggle of work- "courtesy call." Asked whether the Detente in Europe Europe, as exemplified in the Fran- ers and peasants around the world- Nixon-Brezhnev summit was still on, The detente encompasses not only co-Soviet pacl especially in Vietnam- from breaking he replied, "I don't know why you the U.S., but Europe as well. Euro­ Again after World War II British out of the bounds of the capitalist asked this question. Have you any pean capitalism is facing even sharp­ and American imperialism enlisted system. doubts?" er economic and social problems the aid of the Stalinists in keeping The deal reached on Vietnam was The Maoists had already proved than the U.S. Broad mass upsurges the postwar upheavals in Europe never made public. But bourgeois themselves loyal to the detente dur- and social ferment accompanied the from going over into socialist revo- reporters were given enough details ing Nixon's visit to Peking in late fall of dictatorsh.J:iS last year in Por­ lution. to make the outlines of the Stalinist February. Just like Brezhnev, Chou tugal and Greece. Massive workers' In the 1960s the imperialist rul- betrayal crystal-clear. En-lai had demonstratively ignored struggles continue in France, Italy, ers once more found themselves in and Spain. A continuing crisis brews deep trouble. The Vietnam war ac­ D.\II.Y !'mil'S, FI:IDAY, MAY 12, 1972 0 (r':'.'l' 5 in Ireland. centuated all the economic, social,_ In this situation, when masses of and political problems facing U.S. Thousontls Across Country Protest tile Wor working people could be brought in­ imperialism, the chief imperialist Hy UERT SHA!\AS to anticapitalist struggle, the Stalin­ Thous.and:-: of nuti,\·nr , in tiOO\t' east•s i.'htshing with police on camptt!'ICS and The huge U.S. military budget ex­ streets, in national mo;mment:; and public building:;, were rather to pitch in to help make Hulln-d in Dag capitalism work. llllmlrt'tl" mnrt' w.•r.• injua·l..J, a\- Hnmmarskjoltl Pla:r.a atToss from unrest among American working thou~h in Xt•w York tlw d{'[non- the l'N, ~-h~re tht•y h<'aro.J at­ Thus the Italian CP is offering ~>tration>~ wt•n• ll\'aCt•ful !or thl' tt•n rmtestt•rs from !oral str<'ch,'' said Kunstlcr, who system. <'Oilt•g•·~ chauwsident "a dirtator C P is allowed to enter the capitalist !wats in the Ur1itl'd Xat_ion~ r•ho ha!l every bit the po1n-r of Sel'urity Coundl, nod l"t'm:Unt'd an Adolf Hitler." The group dis· A massive antiwar movement there 1ww-ral huur~, finally ur:. bande-d quietly following' the a(. government of Italy. Stalinist leader t'h:~ininr t!wmst"IH•s and )Nwing ternoon rally, many mo\•iog on to arose in this country, extending even voluntarily. a d1•n1oostmtion in Times Square. Enrico Berlinguer warns that with­ Fiftl'l'n ntE>mbfors of another o.~hns waited for a dele~ation of into the armed forces. The movement !CO~~e tl~~~ t;;u~lili~g:h=·h~~h«n:J ~.~:;~a~nho v=~~ru~~!.t Att!~s~-o~~~j out the CP's help, Italy will face been r]O!-t•d to visitor!!. They ~haLO then:tse!Vt'S to the u~. t'lashed with \':-;' guards, who gat~s ~n Fu"St Ave. reached a high point of mass action roundt'd up t!w protll'1ltl'U and Earher, an ad hat; groupo! ('0). "unavoidable economic disintegra- NIE'WS ~lo ~~~ Vln«nt Rl.tll turned thf'm over to th.. rity po- ~t'ge stu.de-nts b_ackmr the- Pres. Flourishing si~tns, d•moastrators mauh ·P•It C3d St. 011 Rrllad'tllay. in May 1970, with the protests )i,..., On(' TT:"Il ., 0 ,.11m·,.. ,. n,.;..,,,.~ ldt•nt votce-d their support for the tion." against Nixon's invasion of Cambo- · DAII,Y·NEIVS, FRIDA·Y: MAY 12, 1972 0 3 In Portugal the CP played a key dia and the killing of the Kent State role in blocking the mass struggles University students. that broke out following the fall of The terror of the U.S. rulers at It's All Smiles as Nixon, Russians Talk the Salazarist dictatorship. Wall the sight of this antiwar upsurge was Street Journal correspondent Ray expressed in a statement by Ford Vicker wrote in a Feb. -20 article Foundation President McGeorge Bun­ Courtesy Col/ Shows that sometimes, CP leader Alvaro dy: "Not only must there be no new Cunha! "sounds so moderate that incursion of Americans across the Trip Is Still On you have to recheck his history to By STAX fARTER Cambodian border, but nothing that Washington, May 11 (NEWS Bureau)-Presi· make sure he doesn't belong to feels like that to the American pub­ dent Nixon had a cordial meeting with a visltinc some middle-class party. He talks Soviet cabinet minister today, and the White House lic must happen again.... Any ma­ said plans for his summit visit to Moscow were go­ of seeing a place for private enter­ jor action of this general sort ... inc ahead. prise in Portugal's future. He dis­ After !'lenral days of doul,t, the indications were that would tear the country and the ad­ Kremlin leader:~ had di"Cided not to Jet events in Vietnam courages strikes, mutes any criticism interfere with the bigger fish they hope to fry at the ministration to pieces.... The chan­ AUOCiat-ed Pr'"' WIRPhoto scheduled summit May 22 to 29. A Soviet government de­ of NATO, avoids vitriolic propagan­ F.tomomic ad•i~~r l'etf'_r Flani:ao; Ambauador Anstoly Oohrynin; Fotrei~tn Tradf' MiniKtf'r !\likolal l'atullthf'l; l'rt>,<~dttLI :\h.on; ('omme-r« Setrf'~ary l'f'tt>r l'e-lf'lliOR and prl'l5idt'atial aide H•nrr Kia· nunciation of Nixon'!t mining of North Vietname!'le harl>ors ces of general domestic upheaval singe-r m"' at White ltou_., was regarded here as exceptionally mild. da and extends a hand toward would be real." I A<'contnanil'tl bv AmloAII!UtftnJ> America." These two articles appeared in the New York Daily News on May 12, 1972, at th-e height The capitalist-controlled press has Mood among masses of Nixon's bombing and blockade of North Vietnam. Great potential existed for massive been marveling over the "modera­ The U.S. antiwar movement found antiwar action, but Nixon-Brezhnev summit undermined movement in defense of tion" of the European CPs in the an echo throughout the world. In Vietnamese. face of the great social unrest. Paul addition, powerful workers' struggles W ohl, writing in the Christian Sci­ arose in Europe, epitomized by the Writing in the Feb. 13, 1975, New the stepped-up bombing of the Viet­ ence Monitor last December, for ex­ May 1968 general strike in France. York Times, columnist Anthony namese while posing for cameras as ample, said, "Although the West is The mood among the masses of all Lewis cited Marvin and Bernard he socialized with the war criminal presently undergoing a difficult eco­ the imperialist countries· was not at Kalb's account of the deal in their Nixon. nomic recession, the Soviets seem de­ all favorable to military interven­ biography of Kissinger. Lewis wrote: Later, during the Christmas 1972 termined to tread lightly and not ex­ tions against oppressed peoples "Mr. Kissinger told [Soviet] Ambassa­ bombing, Moscow and Peking made ploit this instability." abroad. dor Dobrynin [in 1969] that the only routine criticisms, while press­ Nixon and the U.S. ruling class Nixon Administration would not hes­ ing the Vietnamese to come to Wohl cites P,ublic speeches by So­ saw that direct U.S. intervention in itate to destroy North Vietnam if nec­ Nixon's terms on a negotiated "set­ viet leaders as evidence that "appar­ Vietnam had to be ended. But at essary- necessary to preserve a non­ tlement." ently they believe the capitalist econ­ the same time they wanted to pre­ Communist government in Saigon. He omy and the existing order in the vent a socialist revolution in South made clear that this was a basic Amer­ Aiding the imperialists Western capitalist societies must be Vietnam, which would be an inspir­ ican price for detente: The Soviets Vietnam again made clear that for preserved. For how else can they get ation to colonial peoples everywhere. would be expected to help achieve a the Stalinists "detente" does not sim­ the economic and technical assistance Thus the imperialists in Washing­ Vietnam settlement leaving the Saigon ply mean relaxation of tensions be­ from the West that they are so eager ton decided on a major readjustment Government in power, or at least tween states. It does not simply to obtain?" of their strategy in fighting the world to tolerate whatever measures the mean diplomatic recognition and New York Times Moscow corre­ revolution. Americans used." trade for the workers states- which spondent Christopher Wren wrote in And again, as in previous periods The essence of the deal had be­ all revolutionists should support. It a similar vein on Feb. 24 of this of crisis, the Stalinists in the Krem­ come clear in the spring of 1972, means aiding the imperialists in de­ year: 'While the Russians gloat over lin-and this time also in Peking­ when the Vietnamese liberation fight­ ceiving and crushing the struggles of reports of falling Western industrial came forward as more than ready ers launched their powerful offensive the oppressed, struggles that threaten output and nsmg unemployment, to help the capitalist rulers extricate that shattered Nixon's myth of to go over into socialist revolution. they have shown no appetite for urg­ themselves from some of their prob­ 'Vietnami.Zation" of the war. In Vietnam it meant helping the ing the Communist parties of West­ lems, in return for some concessions. As the Saigon armies crumbled, United States to achieve the goal ern Europe to take advantage of the In the current detente, Washington Nixon responded by ordering the that Washington proved unable to economic disarray to advance their set aside for the time being the per­ most intense bombing in history, accomplish through its own direct ambitions for power." spective of "containment and rollback sending B-52s for the first time military might- preservation of a The corr~spondent continued: "The of communism." It agreed to recog­ against Hanoi and Haiphong. When proimperialist regime in South Viet­ Soviet Union has invested four years nize the existing boundaries of the that didn't break the will of the Viet­ nam. in a policy of accommodation with workers states, including diplomatic namese, Nixon- ordered the mining The Vietnam war laid bare at one the West that is producing an infu­ recognition of China, and to pro­ and blockade of North Vietnam's and the same time the irrepressible sion of advanced Western technology vide trade and technology to the harbors-only two weeks before he strength of the colonial revolution, to help patch over some basic Soviet Kremlin and Peking. was scheduled to hold a summit the grave problems plagueing U.S. economic flaws. Western economic dif­ The U.S. imperialists were inter­ meeting with Brezhnev in Moscow; imperialism, and the fundamental ficulties now threaten these tangible ested in such trade in order to ex­ As the terror bombing continued obstacle that the Stalinist detente pol­ dividends of detente." pand their markets and improve against the people of North Vietnam, icy represents for humanity's strug­ The Stalinists have given up all their position in relation to their im­ antiwar forces around the world gle to break out of the brutality thought of achieving world socialism. perialist competitors in Europe and turned to watch for the response of the capitalist system. Instead they place their hopes for even Japan. from Brezhnev and Mao. What The detente didn't bring peace to Continued on page 26

THE MILITANT/MARCH 14, 1975 17 ~,000 subscrigtions sought Militant opens campaign for new readers By PAT GALLIGAN in Chicago and Philadelphia with ex­ Militant supporters across the country cellent results. Three hundred twenty launched two campaigns with the Militants were sold in Chicago as the Feb. 28 issue: the spring circulation Willie Mae Reid for mayor campaign drive and the campaign to build sup­ shifted into high gear. Campaign ac­ port for the May 17 national march tivists spread out across the city tell­ on Boston, called by the Boston ing Chicagoans about the socialist al­ NAACP. ternative tq "Boss" Daley and selling Twenty-one of the 37 areas report­ copies of The Militant. ing on the week's efforts made the sin­ In Philadelphia, after a news con­ gle-copy sales goals they have set for ference announcing the campaign of the. campaign. In all, 10,368 copies Terry Ann Hardy for mayor, soci~­ were sold, including 1,222 sold by ist canvassers hit the streets with cam­ the Young Socialist teams. paign literature and newspapers. By The response to the headline the end of the day, a total of 240 "NAACP calls for march on Boston" Militants and 120 Young Socialists indicates the potential that the May 17 . had been sold. march has for mobilizing support for In response to the current ecol}omic Boston's Black community. crisis, plant gates, union meetings, The Militant's coverage of the bus­ and unemployment centers are being Militant/Dick Roberts ing struggle boosted sales to 184 sin­ targeted for increased sales this Selling 'The Militant' at Ford's giant River Rouge plant. Interest in socialist answer to gle copies and 32 new introductory spring. A total of 581 copies of the job crisis boosted sales at plant gates across country. subscriptions in Black neighborhoods Feb. 28 issue were sold at these lo­ in the Oakland/Berkeley area. Mili­ cations. tant hawkers in the Brooklyn com­ Employees at Western Electric in munities of Bedford-Stuyvesant and Chicago bought 30 Militants. The Cen­ Brownsville report that interest in the tral-East Los Angeles SWP branch Sales scoreboard plans for May 17 was so keen that the sold 30 copies at a social workers Sold Washington, D.C. 400 360 90 issue sold itself. union meeting. And 20 Militants were Last Lower Manhattan, N.Y. 400 306 77 In many areas, Militant salespeople sold at a meeting of the Graduate Em­ AREA Goal Week % Twin Cities, Minn. 300 231 77 made special efforts to begin getting ployees Organization in Ann Arbor, Cleveland 350 434 124 Upper West Side. N.Y. 425 325 76 out the word about May 17 to Black Mich. Brooklyn, N.Y. 400 458 115 L.A. West Side 375 250 67 people. Nationally, Black community In conjunction with our efforts to Pittsburgh 375 432 115 Bellingham, Wash. 10 6 60 sales totaled 3,800 copies, or 37 per­ meet a goal of selling 9, 700 single Philadelphia 400 452 113 Lawrence, Kans. 25 15 60 cent of the week's street sales. copies of The Militant weekly, we are San Francisco 450 484 108 Mt. Pleasant, Mich. 20 11 55 A record number of 215 Militants also on a drive to obtain 9,000 new Milwaukee 200 215 108 L.A. Central-East 375 179 47 were sold in Milwaukee, getting the subscribers. To date, 1,279 subscrip­ Oakland/Berkeley 600 640 107 Boston 400 176 44 sales campaign there off to a good tions have been received by the busi­ St. Louis 400 418 105 East Lansing, Mich. 50 21 42 start. Sales director Delpfine Welch at­ ness office, which is 14 percent of Bloomington, Ind. 100 105 105 State College, Pa. 15 6 40 tributes this success to Saturday sales. the goal. Nashville, Tenn. 40 42 105 TOTAL 9,7009,146 94 Eighty-two copies of The Militant were The March 2 weekend marked the Denver 350 365 104 sold on Saturday, along with 80 first national blitz of the subscription Chicago 600 618 103 YOUNG SOCIALIST TEAMS copies of the Young Socialist news­ drive. Figures are still incomplete, but Detroit 600 610 102 Michigan/Indiana 100 145 145 paper. initial reports indicate that at least 137 137 Atlanta ~ 475 481 101 N()rthern Calif. 100 Many sales directors agree that solid 1,000 more subscriptions were ob­ Portland, Ore. 325 325 100 Missouri/Kansas 100 124 124 Saturday sales are a good way to tained during the weekend. San Diego 275 275 100 Northwest 100 105 105 open the week and are often a major New York supporters sold a total Columbus, Ohio 25 25 100 Ohio/Kentucky 100 104 104 step toward making their goal. In of 420 subscriptions. Ninety-nine peo­ Amarillo, Tex. 10 10 -100 Texas 100 104 104 ple visited campuses in New York, Houston, supporters set aside the Greenville, N.C. 10 10 100 Southern Calif. 100 103 103 New Jersey, and Connecticut, signing hours between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. Champaign, Ill. 5 5 100 Mid-Atlantic 100 100 100 for sales exclusively. In St. Louis, up 315 new readers in the tri-state re­ Syracuse, N.Y. 5 5 100 Pennsylvania 100 85 85 21 salespeople braved a snowstorm gion on Sunday alone. Houston 500 495 99 Southeast 100 80 80 on Saturday to sell 147 Militants out A full report on the progress of the Baltimore 75 74 99 lllinois/Wis. 100 75 75 of their week's total of 418 copies. subscription drive, including a score­ Seattle 275 250 91 Rocky Mountain 100 60 60 Saturday sales were combined with board showing the number sold in Louisville, Ky. 35 32 91 TOTAL 1,2001,222 102 Socialist Workers Party campaigning each area, will appear next week. Antideportation conference held in L.A. By NICOLAS ROSNER activists are also the dominant influ­ focus on ways to build a mass move­ restrictions and bureaucratic interfer­ LOS ANGELES-A statewide confer­ ence in CASA. ment against the deportations. Instead ence with the distribution of movement ence on the deportation of mexicanos Last August, Los Tres made an there was a sectarian emphasis on literature. and Latinos was held at California important contribution toward build­ "Marxist-Leninist" rhetoric and "the Groups such as the Young Socialist State College at Los Angeles Feb. 22- ing a CASA-initiated antideportation struggle against imperialism." Alliance that are active in the anti­ 23. demonstration that was very effective. Marx and Lenin certainly· taught deportation movement were denied the It was sponsored by the MECHA Several thousand people marched the need for struggle against imperi­ right to set up literature tables at the (Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de down the streets of East Los Angeles alism. But they also taught that such conference-either inside or outside the Aztlan) Unity Committee. The com­ in the first major demonstration there struggle was meaningful only if it was hall. The claim was that only litera­ mittee is composed of six MECHA since the bloody police attack on the concrete and if it was designed ture of the sponsoring committee chapters in the Southern California August 1970 Chicano Moratorium. to mobilize broad masses- including would be displayed. However, several area. The conference drew 400 parti­ But the present conference did not those who have not yet reached an Maoist groupings that were involved cipants from across the state. anti-imperialist consciousness. with the planning committee had their Keynote speakers were: Bert Coro­ A proposal was passed at the con­ own literature tables. na, a founding leader of the antide­ ference for a mass antideportation Perhaps most scandalous was the portation organization CASA; ArtUro demonstration. However, it was de­ interference with the distribution of lit­ Rivera of the New York-based Federa­ cided to hold it on May Day, which erature outside the conference. ci6n Universitaria Socialista Puerto­ falls on a Thursday this year. Real­ This was carried so far that con­ rriquefia; Maria Durazo of the Oak­ istically, there is no way that signif­ ference "security guards" stopped a stu­ land Alianza Pro-Unidad Obrero-Es­ icant numbers of working people can dent from distributing leaflets of the tudiantil; and Native L6pez of the Los be expected to turn out for a weekday United States Committee for Justice Angeles Comite Estudiantil del Pueblo. demonstration. What will probably re­ to Latin American Political Prisoners The turnout of 400 underlined the sult will be a relatively small turn­ (USLA). widespread concern with deportations out of movement activists by them­ The leaflets announced the tour of and the willingness of activists to work selves. Juan Carlos Coral, the Argentine so­ on the issue. The combination of sectarian rhet­ cialist leader, who is in the United But unfortunately the conference of­ oric and the lack of a positive pro­ States to speak about political repres­ fered little in terms of concrete mea­ gram had a negative effect on many sion in his country. sures for organizing a mass antide­ of those who attended the conference. · By their previous work, Los Tres portation movement. This was underlined by the fact that activists have won respect in the Chi­ This was particularly disappointing· while 400 people came the first day, cano movement and the radical move­ since the principal organizers of the the attendance the second day was ment generally. Experiences such as conference were activists in the Com­ well under 200. this conference, though, do not add mittee to Free Los Tres. Los Tres Militant/Walter Lippman Another disturbing feature was the to that respect.

18 utlook A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM. ,

MARCH 14, 1975

'The QeoQie do not SUQQOrt us' Washington tries to stave off collapse in Cambodia

By Peter Green country I would do whatever is possi­ run by Washington has become in­ ble and necessary so that peace and creasingly vulnerable. The government the welfare of my people can be forces launched a drive February 28 to The Lon Nol regime is on the verge achieved." push the rocket emplacements out of of collapse. A creation of Washington "This means," said Dean, "the range of the airport. But a preemptive from the start, it has throughout its President will step aside if he is · a attack by the rebels against the town existence been totally dependent on barrier or stands in the way of a of Tuol Leap, twelve miles from the U.S. military and economic aid. But it peaceful settlement." center of Pnompenh, stopped that seems even that is not enough to save That, of course, raises the problem of effort and the rockets are now even it now. finding a suitable successor. Washing­ closer. A tricky problem thus confronts ton appears to already have a candi­ The continuing military setbacks White House strategists-how to evade date in mind. heightened the unrest both among the responsibility for what they consider troops of the puppet armed forces and an imminent disaster. President Ford Sihanouk Makes Offer the population of Pnompenh itself. Kissinger, and other holdovers of th~ Sydney H. Schanberg reported in the Nixon crew, recognizing that their February 27 New York Times that Cambodian puppet has come to the Bernard Gwertzman pointed out in there were "indications that a process end of the road, are attempting to the March 1 New York Times that of demoralization has begun.... " throw the blame for "losing" Cambo­ while Norodom Sihanouk, who was "An air of haplessness can be dia onto Congress with its huge ousted by Lon Nol, has refused to detected from top to bottom in the Democratic majority. negotiate with the Pnompenh regime, Cambodian bureaucracy.... Mean­ he has offered "reconciliation" with while, Government and military cor­ Dilemma for Congress Washington if Lon Nol is dropped. ruption remains rampant, prices con­ The following day, the Times ran in tinue to rise at an annual rate of at its editorial pages a statement it had By forcing Congress to vote on his least 250 per cent and hundreds of solicited from Sihanouk himself. Siha­ request for $222 million supplementary thousands of people are going hungry, nouk posed "only one condition to the military aid . for Pnompenh, Ford is with many of them, mostly children, United States"-the dropping of Lon presenting them with a dilemma. If dying of starvation and related dis­ they vote against the aid, Ford can Nol. eases." The problem is becoming urgent for claim that Congress and the Democ­ the White House and Congress, since rats were responsible for the "loss" of the military position of the Lon Nol Low Morale Cambodia. But to pass the buck back LON NOL: Reaching the end of his rope? regime is deteriorating rapidly. to Ford by voting for the aid would The Mekong River remains block­ Army morale is low in the field, anger the great majority of the Ameri­ according to a February 26 Associated can people, who have shown they will aded. A major amphibious operation to a news conference the same day, Kis­ regain control over some of the river Press dispatch. "They are told to fight, not tolerate a new escalation of the but their uniforms are torn. They have Indochina war. singer echoed these sentiments. bank between Pnompenh and the The editors of the Wall Street Jour­ South Vietnamese border was aban­ no shells," said one officer as his Pentagon chief James Schlesinger battalion retreated from a village in stated February 23 that Cambodia nal argued February 27 that the main doned February 17, with Lon Nol's troops retreating in disarray. An northwest Cambodia. Some of the would "absolutely" fall into Commu­ problem was to show no sign of "irresolution" to smaller countries attempt by the navy to run the soldiers are barefoot. "Our equipment nist hands if Congress declined to is sold to rich villagers for their approve the additional aid. He added around the world. They pointed to the blockade ended in disaster February 23 "boldness" of the Arab governments in when two patrol boats and a larger defense. The people do not support us. that in his opinion the "domino the­ It is better to stop fighting," he said. ory" had been "overly discredited." imposing an oil embargo as one gunboat were sunk by mines. Neak Luong, the regime's last major "We are losing the battle," a Ford chimed in February 25, saying consequence of past "irresolution." post on the river, "is under increasing sergeant in the battalion said. "We that without the aid, Lon Nol would be Pnompenh is "likely to fall," they pressure and could fall," the February have armor, artillery and airplanes, forced to surrender "within weeks." At said, "but it will be one thing if it falls despite American efforts, and quite 27 New York Times reported. Catholic Continued on page 21 another if it falls because its army Relief Services, the only agency trying runs out of ammunition by vote of the to feed the town's starving population, U.S. Congress. evacuated its team February 24. " ... if the U.S. cannot supply funds According to relief agency officials, to allies under attack, the rest of the thousands of persons are in danger of world cannot but see it as a useless dying of starvation in the town. ally indeed." The New York Times reported Febru­ Rebel Successes ary 27 that Schlesinger and Kissinger had privately given up on Cambodia, and were banking everything on sav­ In addition to the insurgent ing South Vietnam. According to the successes on the Mekong, gains were account, Schlesinger believes Cambo­ also made in other parts of the country dia will fall no matter what course as the small Lon Nol enclaves were Congress follows, while Kissinger removed one by one. The district estimates Lon Nol's chances of surviv­ capital of Muang Russei was taken al as wavering between zero and 50-50. February 18. Along with the town, the On March 1 Lon Nol made what insurgents captured 2,000 tons of rice. appeared to be an offer to resign. At Oudong, the former national capital least, that was how John Gunther twenty-one miles north of Pnompenh, Dean, U.S. ambassador in Pnompenh, fell on February 25. Prek Luong, a interpreted the following statement by town on the east bank of the Mekong the puppet ruler: less than five miles from downtown "I was brought to this high office by Pnompenh, was captured February 28. the institutionalized organization [the Pnompenh airport is under constant Captured rebel soldier is 'interrogated' by U.S.-backed coup], but for the peace of attack from rebel rockets, and the Pnompenh troops. my country and for the welfare of my rapidly expanding emergency airlift Children waiting for rice in Pnompenh

19 World Outlook

imperialist struggle the world over. When we took a position at Sir George Williams University we weren't taking a position against a professor. What it was, more than anything else, A victim SQeaks out was a confrontation between Black students, with some white supporters, and the ruling class in this country. Because the people on the board of Canada's racist immigration policy governors at Sir George Williams University were the very same people [Rosie Douglas, a Black activist from when we began to speak about it. We go on further. In 1947 [Prime that control the economy of the Carib­ the Caribbean island of Dominica, is If we look at the immigration laws in Minister] Mackenzie King said: "The bean. currently fighting deportation from this country, we find a situation in policy of the government is· to foster We moved at Sir George in a very Canada. He has been declared a "risk which from 1898, when W.D. Scott was the growth of the population by the small thing-over racism in courses. to national security" by the Canadian superintendent of immigration under encouragement of immigration. The That goes on in all universities, as any government, which also imprisoned Clifford Sifton, who was the minister government will seek by legislation, Black student can tell you. him for seventeen months for partici­ of immigration at the time, we find a regulation and vigorous administra­ I believe that wherever racism is, pating in a sit-in against racism at Sir series of incidents beginning to happen tion to ensure the careful selection and and wherever injustice is, it must be George Williams University in 1969. then which show that official Canadi­ permanent settlement of such persons dealt with. And any country like this The following is excerpted from his an policy was to keep Black people out as can advantageously be absorbed in which preaches democracy but prac­ remarks at the Vanguard Forum in of Canada. our national economy. With regards to tices racism against members of the Toronto on January 31, as reported in the selection of immigrants much has population has to be exposed. Not later Labor Challenge, the newspaper of the 'Undesirable Influx' been said about discrimination. I wish or next year, it has to be exposed now. Canadian League for Socialist Action­ to make it abundantly clear that And that is the position we took at Sir /Ligue Socialiste Ouvriere.] Canada is perfectly within her rights It In 1910, the Winnipeg Board of George. was an uncompromising in selecting persons whom we regard position. Trade passed a resolution saying, and as desirable future citizens. It is not a When we began to speak about I quote: "Up to a few years ago there We took that position and we're fundamental human right of any alien paying the price for it. In my case racism back in the mid-1960s, nobody were practically no Negroes here. Then to enter Canada. It is a privilege, it is a there is a possibility that I may be was listening. When we began to pose a few families arrived. These found the matter of domestic policy." deported ·to Dominica, and might be the question of racism in this country climatic conditions congenial and sent Item 1, Section 61 of the 1947 Im­ everybody thought, and many people back for their friends. It is hoped that able to live for awhile, although the migration Act, which expired in 1956, laws that have been passed there now on the left said: "You are sectarian, the Dominion government might de­ gave the governor-general-in-council are parallel to the anti-Communist law you are a chauvinist." We were called vise some means of stopping this [federal cabinet] permission to make all kinds of names. But the question of undesirable influx." That was the regulations prohibiting the admission racism had to be exposed. Winnipeg Board of Trade in 1910. of persons by reasons of nationality, It had to be exposed because this W.B. Scott wrote a letter to W.L. citizenship, ethnic group, occupation, country was founded upon the premise Banstead in 1914 and told him, as and geographic area of origin. This of racism. This country came in as a immigration agent in Halifax, that law was brought in, in 1947. colonial appendage of British capital­ when you deny Black people the right ism, and very early it was made to come to this country you need not abundantly clear by the British that mention in the form that you're deny­ there were two types of colonies. There ing them entry because they're Black. Two Categories were settled colonies and conquered That is understood in Ottawa, you colonies. Britain delegated the don't need to put it down. conquered colonies to be those coun­ This is the letter from Scott to What they did in 1947, in fact, is that tries where nonwhite people, Black Banstead: "Sir, I notice in a number of they designated two categories. They people, lived. These people were consid­ Board cases the cause of rejection said there would be preferred immi­ ered to be conquered and deserving no include the statement that the person grants and nonpreferred immigrants. political rights. The settled colonies rejected is a Negro, and that instruc­ The preferred immigrants are the had the people who came from Britain, tions have been received to prevent the people who would come from Britain, who were white Europeans. They entry of Negroes in every possible way. the United States, France, Ireland, "deserved" political rights and accord­ While it is true that we are not seeking Australia, and South Africa-whites, ingly they were granted representative the immigration of colored people I do of course. And the nonpreferred immi­ tive government. not think it is advisable to insert any grants are the people who would be notice of the policy or instructions of coming from Africa, from Asia, from the Department in a Board decision, or Latin America-Black people. That is Roots of Racism other correspondence beyond stating why the disparity still exists. in a proper place that the person is a In 1952 they introduced the domestic From very early, then, the roots of Negro. I'm sure you will appreciate the scheme whereby Black women from racism were firmly implanted in the view I have expressed and will under­ the Caribbean had to come here as ROSIE DOUGLAS: 'Canada, in its own constitutional and historical structure stand the reason thereof." second~class citizens and work as right, is into the Caribbean and engaging of this country-firmly implanted. It These are concrete documented ex­ domestics in order to work in this in imperialist activity.' was nothing invented by us. We were amples of the racism that has existed country. Many of them, still today, only giving vent to it in the 1960s within this department. work for wages of less than $100 a month. in Haiti. My book, Chains or Change, In 1967 they introduced the point focused on Dominica, has been banned system whereby they set up five in Dominica, and it has occurred to me "If categories. They said: you get fifty that if I go back there now things are points, ten in each category, you will going to be hard. But I took a stand. I be allowed to come in." But even with refused to plead guilty. And they the point system the discretionary decided that I was going to go to jail. power of the Immigration officer again Many people said: "You guys broke remained paramount. the computers, you guys smashed the computers." There are many people here who actually believe that still. But Mobilize Black Workers the convictions against us were for taking part in an illegal sit-in. Nobody The time has come to recognize, was convicted of arson or destruction. therefore, that if 90 percent of Black So for the same thing that Martin workers are nonunionized, then we Luther King got a Nobel Peace Prize have to move to unionize, them. We for, we went to jail for. And we're being have to mobilize them around their deported for the same thing. I went basic interests so that when they're down to the Caribbean and explained moved against by the Immigration to the brothers and sisters what the department, when they're moved situation was up here, who the people against by people like [Immigration on the board of governors were, that minister] Andras, when they're moved we were fighting against the same against by the Western Guard, when people. We have people like Doctor Ken they' ce moved against by the vampires Patrick on the board of governors at of capitalist society, the landlords, the Sir George. Dr. Ken Patrick owns the racketeers, the financiers, and all these stock exchange in Trinidad. Dr. Ken , people, they will be organized and able Patrick owns Bennett-Bryce in Anti­ to take care of themselves. We see that gua. In St. Lucia in one year he made Montreal demonstrators protest deportations struggle as an integral part of the anti- $1 million selling property to Canadi-

20 ans coming down there to retire. He World news notes owns a number of hotels throughout the islands. We have people like Bronfman. Bronfman owns Seagrams. Seagrams German court rules against abortion owns Appleton Rum in Jamaica and In a 6-to-2 decision, the West German Constitutional Court ruled other distilleries in the Caribbean. February 25 that the right of women to abortion violated the right to We have people like Peters of Alcan life. The court, in overturning a law passed last June that legalized Aluminum. I don't need to tell you abortion during the first three months of pregnancy, defined fetuses as anything more about people like Al­ human beings on the fourteenth day after conception. The· only can. And Nathania! Davies, the presi­ exceptions allowed by the court were in cases of rape, danger to the dent of Alcan Aluminum. These are mother's health, when there was a prospect that the child might be the people on the board of governors at born deformed, or when the birth could cause "grave hardship." Sir George. Thousands of demonstrators in Karlsruhe, Munich, Hamburg, and And because of our class position we other German cities protested the reactionary decision. The court's took a position against that. We ended hypocrisy was indicated in its recollection of the "bitter experience" of up being hounded, ended up going to the Nazi period, which, the judges claimed, showed the necessity of jail. giving the protection of human life absolute priority over other For myself, I've been in this country considerations. However, the Hitler regime rigorously enforced laws for twelve years. I was in this country against abortion and considered it a serious crime. for four years and eleven months when Far from protecting human life, the court's anti-abortion ruling is the deportation order was issued designed to subordinate the needs and desires of women to those of the against me. Judge Choquette came out state and reactionary religious ideologies. in court here in Toronto and said he was completely against the pressure Yugoslav dissident gets seven years that was being put on him by the The crackdown on dissidents in Yugoslavia, which has included the minister of immigration to have a dismissal of eight professors at the University of Belgrade and the deportation order issued against me. Labor Challenge/Darrel Furlotte tightening of press censorship, continued February 28 with the. That was said openly and reported in sentencing of Mihajlo Mihajlov to seven years at hard labor. Mihajlov, the bourgeois press. ism. Canada, in its own right, is into who was accused of spreading propaganda hostile to the state, said in They went further than that. Be­ court, "According to our constitution, a Yugoslav has a right to express cause of the twenty-seven Caribbean the Caribbean and engaging in imperi­ alist activity. The Canadians have got his own opinion. But if that were so, I would not be here now." students involved in the incident, about $1 billion invested in the Carib­ An entire class from the University of Novi Sad's law school was everybody had a deportation order invited to hear the sentencing, which the presiding judge characterized against them. The orders were dropped bean out of which they pull in a profit of about 20 cents on the dollar every as a warning, "both personal and general." because they figured they were well The sentencing of Mihajlov, who was also forbidden to engage in behaved. They figured that in my case year. That's close to $200 million a year in profit from an impoverished any writing, public speaking, or broadcasting for four years after the the immigration order might also be completion of his jail term, followed the closing of the dissident journal dropped, so they issued a certificate on area. They give $25 million in aid every Praxis after eleven years of publication. Without officially banning the top of the deportation order saying I'm magazine, the Yugoslav Communist party ordered its units in the a risk to national security. Right? year, with all kinds of strings and rubber bands attached. They give you various printing establishments not to publish it. The Yugoslav authorities tried to close Praxis in 1974 by withdraw­ 'Na.tional Security' some money to build a school. You get Canadian engineers, Canadian materi­ ing an annual subsidy to the Croatian Philosophical Society and the als, Canadian this and Canadian that, Yugoslav Union of Philosophers, which published the magazine. So we appealed and went to the and you pay them back in ten years However, the magazine's editorial staff at Zagreb University and its Supreme Court and we said that with interest. That is the extent of contributors decided to work without pay, and Praxis continued to issuing a certificate calling a man a Canadian aid. appear. risk to national security is contrary to The Canadian military trains in The bimonthly magazine, which first appeared in 1964, has the Bill of Rights. It's against the rule Jamaica every year. They say it is to frequently criticized the Yugoslav CP and the Tito regime from a of law. The minister of immigration acquaint themselves with tropical socialist standpoint. The contributors to Praxis were predominantly and the solicitor general are not even conditions in case they have to fight university professors in Zagreb, Belgrade, and Ljubljana, many of obliged to bring evidence. They could with UN emergency forces. They train whom were former CP members. pick up any one of you and say you're in Jamaica every year, in an explosive The last issue of Praxis carried an article by Dobrica Cosic, one of a risk to national security and not situation. They recognize that the Yugoslavia's leading novelists and until 1968 a member of the Central have to bring any evidence. The revolutionary potential of the Jamai­ Committee of the Serbian Communist party. Cosic's article criticized Supreme Court said they were operat­ can people is increasing. the cultural restrictions in Yugoslavia. ing within the Canadian constitution. They control most of the hotels. They A ruling came out two days ago that it control 70 percent of the banking. 5,000 students protest in Spain is-within the Canadian constitution to Even if they say that the United States A demonstration of 5,000 university students and a consumer issue a certificate against anybody cannot control more than 5 percent of boycott that left most of the city's food stores empty of customers took calling them a risk to national security Canadian banking, they control 70 place in Madrid February 20. and they need not bring any evidence percent of ours and say it's all right. to prove it. The students, who were protesting the government-ordered shutdown And if you talk about it you're a of the University of Valladolid, assembled at the University of Madrid. It's not good enough to say that militant, a radical, you're a Commun­ The protest was broken up by police, who fired submachine guns into Canada is a junior partner of imperial- ist. That is the situation that we face. the air. It was the first time the police had come onto the campus with such weapons. The food-store boycott was called to protest inflation. There were signs of its effectiveness in both middle-class and working-class neighborhoods. land. A crowd of 3,000, mostly stu­ dents, attacked Chinese businesses and homes. Sporadic violence also broke out in ... Cambodia Pnompenh as students roamed through the streets, smashing Chinese Continued from page 19 shops and stalls. Pnompenh officials but we will lose the war because the were fearful that the anti-Chinese high-ranking officers do not know rioting "could signal a more wide­ tactics. They are busy making money." spread breakdown of order in the Unrest is also increasing among cities," according to ·a report in the sailors forced to undertake suicidal February 28 Washington Post. missions on the Mekong. Ten who On February 22, the right-wing refused were reportedly charged with president of the National Students mutinous conduct and put in jail. Association of Cambodia issued a Others have deserted after receiving strong statement denouncing the re­ orders for service on the Mekong. gime as corrupt. He demanded that The rising discontent at soaring food Lon Nol cease the repression against prices found an initial outlet in attacks student and teacher associations. Opposition to Franco dictatorship has been growing steadily stronger. on Chinese merchants, who have often Meanwhile, on February 14 the U.S. Above, students at the University of Madrid flee police attack during earlier been made the scapegoats during past embassy, which had already evacuated demonstration. crises. In Battanbang, Cambodia's dependents of embassy personnel from second largest city, riots broke out Pnompenh, urged some of the 350 February 21 after the insurgents cut remaining Americans to leave for their the city's road and rail links with Thai- "own safety and welfare."

21 World Outlook

The threat of U.S. intervention in Portugal In an editorial February 17, the New conservative party." It would not be in the interest of either York Times, an authoritative voice of A publication with the news­ the Russian or the Portuguese people American ruling circles, threatened gathering staff and resources of the to have the popular will in Portugal U.S. intervention in Portugal. New York Times could not be unaware denied free expression." (Emphasis The editors claimed that the danger that the demonstrations against the added.) of a Communist party "takeover" in so-called Social Democratic Center In present conditions, U.S. ruling Portugal had been increased by the party in Oporto were not backed, but circles are not likely to relaunch the prospect of elections in April: were in fact opposed, by the Commun­ cold war. However, direct or indirect "If, as pledged, these tum out to be ist party. That, apparently, is why it intervention in Portugal is all too Portugal's first free elections in a half· used the vague phrase "leftist street likely. A much gentler warning was century, polls suggest that the Com­ violence." However, this was put in a issued by the New York Times to the munists will do poorly. Having failed cohtext that would give the impression Allende government after the March in their efforts to force postponement that these demonstrations were part of 1973 elections in which the right was of the elections, the indications are a Communist party offensive. defeated. Such an intervention could, that they will now encourage more The fact seems to be that the however, generate international ten­ leftist violence and intimidation in Communist party's bureaucratic and sions; and, in order to justify it, the hopes of altering the outcome or even class-collaborationist method of de­ Western capitalist powers would have the preparing the way for a coup." fending its positions in the trade-union to resurrect the "Communist menace" While raising a hue and cry over the movement simply provided a handy to some extent, with some implications alleged possibility of a Communist means to the capitalists for portraying for relations with the Soviet Union. party-backed coup, however, the New it as a dangerous power machine. In the context of the detente, this York Times gave its blessing to the What the U.S. capitalists actually warning serves the purpose of putting actual attempted coup by General think about the Portuguese Commun­ the Soviet Union on notice that the Spinola in September 1974: ist party is probably much more White House will not accept significant "At the time of the military revolt accurately reflected in the Wall Street STALINIST LEADER CUNHAL: CP influence in any West European last April that overthrew the Salazar­ Journal, which is written specifically 'Discourages strikes, mutes any criticism governments, no matter how well­ Caetano dictatorship, the Communists, for business circles. In an article in the of NATO.' behaved the CPs in question may be. It as the only organized political opposi­ February 20 issue of this publication, puts both the Portuguese government tion in Portugal, secured key posts as staff reporter Ray Vicker wrote: bad from the capitalist point of view: and the CP on notice that if they advisers to some of the rebel military "In Portugal, Italy, France and "Currently the Communist Party cannot keep the mass movement with­ leaders. They bid successfully for Greece the Communists no longer even preaches moderation to unions. in what the United States considers influence in local governments, and threaten revolution, promote violence, The annual inflation rate is estimated acceptable limits, dire consequences obtained controlling positions in the advocate political strikes.... at 30%, and demands for raises have will ensue. news media, student organizations and generally been exceeding that level. It is essentially the mass upsurge in labor unions, which they have since "Sometimes Mr. Cunhal [the CP The Communists say that raises Portugal that frightens the U.S. capi­ strengthened. general secretary] sounds so moderate should be held below 30%, but they talists, not the CP. This is indicated by "In September, Gen. Antonio de that you have to recheck his history to don't commit themselves to any figure. the formulation that puts all street Spinola was forced out of the Presiden­ make sure he doesn't belong to some Mr. Cunhal shakes his head over demonstrations and labor actions cy when he sought to resist this trend." middle-class party. He talks of seeing a demands that might strain the econo­ under the general heading of an place for private enterprise in Portu­ my. 'The strike weapon,' he says, 'is alleged Communist party-planned gal's future. He discourages strikes, most efficient if it isn't used too of­ coup. 'Communist Steamroller' mutes any criticism of NATO, avoids ten.'" vitriolic propaganda and extends a The vague references of the editors of The Case of Chile Since Spinola's ouster, the editorial hand toward America. the New York Times to "leftist" street continued, the parliamentary conser­ "Moreover, he doesn't take a dogmat­ violence, however, are an indication vatives and even the "democratic left" ic position on the nationalization of that any mass actions that "go too The same type of thinking was have also gone down under the Com­ industry. 'Certain sectors such as far" will be interpreted by U.S. ruling evident in the case of Chile. It was not munist steamroller. "Last month, in a transport already are nationalized,' he circles as part of a Communist party the Allende government and the Com­ second major crisis, the Communists says, 'and perhaps in the future those "coup" to block the elections. And even munist party as such that prompted prevailed upon the military-over elements in basic industry also should after the vote is held, they will not be the violent U.S. intervention through a Socialist opposition-to approve a law be state-controlled. At the moment, reassured: brutal military coup and wholesale providing a single labor confederation. however, the government policy is to "The military junta, with Commu­ massacres of workers; it was the Their control is assured in advance, seek economic stability, and this in­ nist encouragement, shows less and inability of these forces to restrain the since they already run most of the volves continuation of the private less inclination to yield its present mass movement, which was carrying federations that will be joined. sector in operation of factories. We supervisory role and is expanding its out more and more seizures of factories "Through Communist maneuvers, support that policy at this time be­ powers. These trends have led the and big estates and undermining the Socialist protest demonstrations have cause we favor economic stability.'" Popular Democratic leader, Francisco basis of capitalist property and bour­ been banned; leftist street violence has As for Communist party influence in Sa Cemeiro [Carneiro], to argue that geois society. been used to break up the organizing the trade-union movement, Vicker elections will be academic if the What really worries U.S. ruling convention of the country's main indicated that its effects were not all centers of power are 'occupied' before­ circles is peasants seizing estates hand." despite the Communist party's appeals to them to wait for government action, 'Intolerable Dangers' and in particular, armed forces units showing solidarity with leftist demon­ Such Communist party influence in strators. It was the beginning of left­ the junta, the New York Times said, wing organization in the armed forces was giving rise to "intolerable dan­ in Chile, for instance, that most gers.'' It invoked the familiar "domino directly sparked the decisive confronta­ theory": tion there. "These [dangers] go beyond the Chile, moreover, was only the most obvious strategic threat of a Soviet ally recent of many examples of the dan­ athwart the American naval lifelines gers of trying to prevent a mass to the Mediterranean and NATO upsurge from going to the point where Europe. A forcible Communist take­ it can effectively defend itself against over m Portugal might encourage a counterrevolution. The fact that the similar trend in Italy and France; Communist party was in effective create problems in Greece and Turkey; control of the Allende government and affect the succession in Spain and a united trade-union movement did not Yugoslavia and send tremors through­ enable it to defend itself against the out Western Europe." reactionary coup. The 'Three Marias'-fighters for women's liberation in Portugal in the under­ The editorial in this way echoed the While U.S. ruling circles are trying ground days. Two of them, Maria Velho do Costa and Maria Isabel 13--,rreno­ themes sounded by capitalist represen­ to intimidate the Portuguese left into were each interviewed in Lisbon by Gerry Foley as part of his reporting on tatives when they opened the cold war pulling back the mass movement, the Portuguese revolution for Intercontinental Press. and again when Washington inter­ these threats simply prove that the The two interviews were typical of the material to be found in Intercontinen­ vened in countries like Korea and only way to "defend democracy" is to tal Press, along with searching analyses of major international events. To Vietnam. mobilize the Portuguese masses and keep up with world developments, read Intercontinental Press every week. "Detente, of course, would be the the ranks of the armed forces into a To subscribe, send 57.50 for six months; $15 for one year. first casualty, as Moscow should note, power that can defeat any interven­ if the close relationship between the tion. INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS Portuguese Communist party and the And that is possible only if the P. 0. Box 116, Village Station Soviet Union-which maintains a masses take full control of the econo­ New York, NY 10014 large, active embassy in Lisbon-is a my and root out the material basis of factor in promoting a forcible takeover. reaction.

22 Review Evelyn ReedS 'Woman's Evolution'-­ pano~ama of human history unfolds Woman's Evolution, from Matriarchal Clan to Woman's Evolution is a unique work from three Patriarchal Family by Evelyn Reed. Pathfinder distinct but interrelated perspectives: as Marxist Press, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. New analysis of history,_ as a contribution to anthro­ pological theory, and as a guide to women re­ York, 1975. $15, paper $4.95. constructing their past in order to understand the By MARY-ALICE WATERS road to future freedom. Since the new rise of the women's liberation move­ Evelyn Reed's starting point is the materialist ment began at the end of the 1960s, Evelyn Reed conception of history. She starts with the assump­ has been one of the most popular and widely tion that nothing is static, that all things change. traveled speakers on women's history and the While this change is contradictory, while chance struggle for women's liberation. As a Marxist, and causality intermingle, the change is lawful a feminist, and an anthropologist she has been and understandable. Stages of evolution are dis­ uniquely qualified to discuss and bring answers cernible. To understand history the social sci~ntist to the questions being posed by women today. must proceed as any other scientist, by searching The thousands of women who heard her in the for and establishing the laws that govern social United States, Japan, Canada, Australia, New evolution. Zealand, and elsewhere asked her for answers From this materialist foundation, Reed proceeds to the most complex questions concerning the ori­ to examine the twin pillars of all human society, gins of human society, the role of women, and the production and procreation. In the beginning that meant food and sex. She follows these two inter­ source of women's oppression. Often her answers were tantiUzing, and exasperatingly brief-just related lines of evolution, as best they can be enough to indicate a direction· of thought and traced or deduced, over a million-year span of stimulate one's curiosity. And then she would add, prehistory, showing how through productive ac­ "When my book is published, you 'II see. It will tivities the earliest forerunners of our species trans­ answer your question." formed themselves from animals to humans, how - She was right. Woman's Evolution: From Ma­ cooperative labor- that is, human society-was triarchal Clan to Patriarchal Family"fully mea­ born. She traces this social development from its sures up to the high expectations that preceded it lowest stages of savagery to the dawn of civiliza­ Delving into Woman's Evolution one experiences tion. the same sense of excitement and discovery that ac­ In this, Reed has made one of the most signifi­ 'One of the most significant contributions to the companies a first reading of Engels' Origin of the cant contributions to advancing the understanding understanding of human origins since the work of Family, Private Property, and the State, or George of social origins since_ the pioneering work of Engels and Marx.' Novack's essay "The Long View of History." Engels and Marx al!Dost a century ago. - The whole panorama of human history unfolds Marx and Engels based themselves on the find­ before you. Previously inexplicable contradictions · ings of the earliest anthropolokists, into which Marxist scholars have taken up where Engels and they integrated their own economic and historical fall into place, understandable for the first time. Marx left off. · Whole new vistas are open for exploration. As you studies, developing a comprehensive theoretical Prevailing anthropological orthodoxy soon came finish the last chapter you start drawing up the framework for human evolution. While Victorian to deny the prior existence of the matriarchal clan list of things you want to read or reread in the moralists were registering their shock and outrage, structure, with the result that most students of light of your newly expanded horizons- the Greek Marx and Engels immediately grasped the revolu­ human origins were rendered incapable of even tragedies, studies of ancient mythology from the tionary implications of the findings of Lewis Mor­ asking the most searching questions, much less Celtic and Norse tales to the Hindu and Chinese gan, who spent 40 years studying Iroquois society, illuminating the answers. legends, the Bible, classics of anthropology, uncovering, describing, and explaining its matri­ Robert Briffault's monumental three-volume Engels ... archal clan structure. work entitled The Mothers; published almost half How strongly Marx and Engels felt about the· a century ago, was one of the notable exceptions. importance of Morgan's work and its implications can be seen in the considered judgment Engels Reich's approach drew at the end of his life, some seven years after One of the few Marxists who tried to answer the first publication of his study, The Origin of the some key questions was Wilhelm Reich. In the Family, Private Property, and the State. · 1920s and early 1930s he approached the same Engels commented: "The rediscovery of the origi­ topics as Engels, but from a different point of nal mother-right gens as the stage preliminary to departure- a search for the sources and roots the father-right gens of the civilized peoples has the of the mass sexual neuroses that plague men and same significance for the history of primitive so­ women in capitalist society. In pursuit of an an­ ciety- as Darwin's theory of evolution has for swer to the question "What interest has society biology, and Marx's theory of surplus value for in sexual repression?" Reich explained: political economy." (Preface to the fourth edition, "Finally I came across Marx and Engels, who 1891; Pathfinder edition, page 36.) enabled me to understand much of the mechanism It is no wonder that bourgeois anthropologists of our material existence, and I was amazed that drew back from advancing along such a path. I had attended secondary school and university without ever having heard of them. Later I under­ Far ahead stood why." ( The Invasion of Compulsory Sex­ As on virtually every other question, Marx and Morality, preface to the first edition, 1931, Noon­ Engels were so far ahead of their contemporaries day edition, page xxi.) that today, prodded by a new rise of women's Using some of the same anthropological ma­ struggles, even many revolutionary Marxists are terials as Reed, Reich took up one of the most dif­ scrambling to catch up with and reassimilate what ficult problems: How did the transition from ma­ the founders of scientific socialism explained so triclan to patriarchal family take place and in lucidly a hundred years ago. what way was this linked to the transition from Despite the unavoidable errors that. resulted from communally owned property to private property the paucity of information available to Marx and and the rise of class divisi

THE MILITANT/MARCH 14, 1975 23 ...'women were the social as, well as Continued from preceding page • And finally, that the women of the species, editing her book- in which she places the partially the female animals, led and organized this entire correct answers of Reich in a much broader and process of socialization and humanization (albeit more historically comprehensive framework. unconsciously) because they, unlike the male ani­ Seen in this perspective, Reed's contribution takes mal, were biologically capable of banding together on its full significance. Based on more than a in the first cooperative maternal broods. hundred . years of anthropological investigation (Of course, these few paragraphs have just at­ and research, and more than 20 years of work by tempted what Evelyn Reed always prudently re­ Reed herseH, the careful scholarship and thorough fused to do-to summarize her basic thesis and documentation- more often than not from sources present it in simplified outline form. But the job hostile to her own basic premises-have produced of the reviewer is not the same as that of the a powerful study. author. The purpose of a review is to assess the Even when presenting theories that if baldly work and interest the reader in turning to the book stated would seem rather "far out"- like the fact itself. In that context, abruptness, even simplifica­ that the male of the species was the first wild ani­ tion, serves a purpose.) mal domesticated by women- Reed develops her case so thoroughly and patiently that in the end Development of sexes even the skeptical will find her presentation con- There are a good many other innovations and vincing. _ extensions of anthropological theory developed by The least we can say is that Woman's Evolution Reed. Among the more important are the theory is a landmark in Marxist historical analysis. ·sub­ of the uneven development of the sexes, with par­ sequent contributions to the study.of human origins ticular reference to food and sex disparities; a re­ by historical materialists will have to situate them­ examination of totemism and taboo in light of the selves in relationship to it. cannibalism theory; an examination and explana­ Doubtless, further investigation and information tion of the dual organization in the matriclan and will prove Reed wrong on some points and will dual forms of extending kinship; an explanation confirm her analysis on others. Even among Marx­ of the "rights of passage," the origin of blood re­ ists her theses will evoke wide discussion, even venge, and the origin of marriage; an analysis·of controversy, a development that can only enrich the interchange system that preceded barter and ex­ our understanding of the issues and problems in­ change; a reexamination of the erroneous assump­ volved. The Militant and International Socialist tion of "royal incest" in Egypt; and a new look at Review will carry contributions to this debate in the major works of classical Greek drama as re­ the coming months. flections of the historical clash between the dying matriarchal system and the rising father-family The anthropology debate institution. As well as being an addition to Marxist his­ We can only regret that Reed did not add a final torical analysis, Woman's Evolution is a contri­ chapter expounding some of the more obvious bution to the science of anthropology in particular. things to be said about the mythology of the Bible, The theoretical innovations or extensions de­ the origins of Jewish and Catholic dietary prohibi­ 'Females led in the transition from animal to hull)an veloped in the 492 pages are numerous, over­ tions; the origins and symbolic nature of com­ because they were biologically capable of banding turning some of the most widely and firmly held munion rites; even the survival of the mother's together in cooperative maternal broods.' assumptions of anthropology, psychology, and brother at the very center of Christianity's Holy other related sciences. Trinity of the father, the ~son, and . . . the holy Most important are the central theses of the book: ghost e That the crucial hurdle that advancing homi­ (Perhaps this "missing chapter" will be written Unlike the anthropologists Reed polemicizes nids had to surmount was eXtending cooperation as a subsequent essay, especially if readers de­ against, she does not subscribe to the view that the to assure production (adequate food) and repro­ mand it) battle between the evolutionists and antievolution­ duction; Most of the theoretical innovations and exten­ isis has bE:en "one of the most heated and useless • That to achieve even the beginnings of social sions developed by Reed will be controversial discussions in the history of the social sciences." organization they first had to place restrictions on among students of anthropology, provoking lively As in all the sciences, it is a fundamental dis­ the most readily available food supply (each debate. But even more importantly, Woman's Evo­ cussion. other); lution will undoubtedly draw heavy fire precisely The attempt to deny the evolutionary develop­ e That this necessary restriction on killing and because it qualifies as a strong entry in the 100- ment of human society is as untenable as the futile eating each other wa!! registered by means of a year battle that has divided the anthropological attempt by some rearguard reactionaries and re­ food taboo, which was the most elementary law of profession. ligious fundamentalists to deny that the human savage society; Reed knows she is taking on the overwhelming species evolved from our ancestors the apes. • That derived from the cannibalism taboo was majority of academic anthropologists who, what­ The controversy between evolutionists and anti­ a sex taboo, until now universally and falsely in­ ever their differences among themselves, subscribe evolutionists, historical materialists and antima­ terpreted as an incest taboo, but which in reality to one or another of the antihistorical, antievolu­ terialists, is not unique to the science of anthro­ had · no relationship whatsoever to any modern tionist schools by denying that the matriarchal pology, however. It should surprise no Marxist conception of incest; clan system historically preceded the father family, to see the antihistorical schools so tenacious and • That the sex taboo stemmed from the violent by denying that the dev~lopment of human society vociferous. The powerful vested interests of class nature of sex in the animal world and the need can be arranged in any chronological and lawful society stand behind them. · to protect the young; sequence of stages. For example, the debate over whether nature is dialectical divides almost all the natural sciences. Political economy is divided between those who accept the labor theory of value and the nature Reed: a fighter for 30 years of surplus value, and those who reject it. A chasm separates the school of sociology that recognizes Evelyn Reed, author of Woman's Evolution, has The collection Feminism and Socialism includes the reality of classes and class struggle from those been an active fighter for women's rights and a Reed's "In Defense of Engels on the Matriarchy," member of the Socialist Workers Party for more which ·first appeared in The Militant four years that deny even the existence of class divisions. The absurdity of the antievolutionist position than 30 years. ago. She started work on her just-published book in Reed has not only written about the women's is humorously illustrated by Evelyn Reed in a cur­ rent polemic published in the March 1975 issue 1950, beginning with research into the primitive liberation movement, she has participated exten­ of the International Socialist Review. She points sex taboo. She went to the Royal Anthropological sively in the movement. As one of the founders out that different modes of transportation, from Institute Library in London to study their collec­ of the Women's National Abortion Action Coali­ the horse-drawn buggy to the automobile to the tion of materials, and concluded that a ''hunch" tion, Reed took a leading part in the campaign space ship, are not simply alternative modes of she had was correct- the so-called incest taboo against anti-abortion laws that set the stage for was really a tab·oo against cannibalism. the historic January 1973 U. S. Supreme Court transportation, even though all of them could exist From that starting point, her study of prehis­ decision. She is coauthor of the pamphlet Abor­ at the same time in the same geographical area. They also represent an evolution in the forms of toric society expanded, and the result of this work tion and the Catholic Church: Two Feminists De­ transportation. They developed in a very definite is Woman's Evolution. fend Women's Rights. During those 25 years, Reed has done much Reed is internationally known as a spokeswoman historical sequence as our technological and in­ more than simply study anthropology. She has for women's liberation. She has conducted speak­ dustrial capacities advanced. been an active socia1ist and a frequent contributor ing tours in Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. To attempt to deny that such an evolution took place, to assert that the order in which they ap­ to The Militant and International Socialist Review. Many of these articles have been republished in In recent years, Reed has spoken at 100 colleges peared is unimportant, or to claim that all one books and pamphlets. and universities through-out the United States and really needs to know is the comparative descrip­ Several of her ISR contributions are contained in Canada. She has appeared in discussions and tions and functions of the three vehicles is, to say Problems of Women's Liberation, which has sold debates with such other well-known feminists as the least, unscientific as a general method of more than 40,000 copies in six printings in the Kate Millett, Marlene Dixon, Dr. Barbara Roberts, analysis. English language and has been translated into and Professor Eleanor Leacock. A hundred years from now our descendants will seven other languages, ranging from Dutch to Although the official publication date of Woman's look back on the decades-long antihistorical, anti­ Persian. Evolution is March 8, prepublication orders were evolutionist derailment of the science of anthro­ A number of her articles from The Militant have so extensive that a second printing was necessary pology with as much wonder and amazement as also often been republished in permanent form. to fill them all. we today learn of the medieval scientists who cate­ gorically refuted the theory that the earth travels 24 . the biological mothers of humanity' around the sun. It w1ll seem as strange as the Reed also outlines the internal contradictions that They lay the basis for developing a perspective theories of Lysenko and his followers, who in the emerged within the "divided family" with loyalties on the road to women's liberation. If women's op- name of "socialism" thoroughly "refuted" the laws split between the old blood line of the matriclan pression is rooted in the rise of class society and of genetics. and the new bonds between husband, wife, and is essential to its very social structure, then the children. She shows why these had to be resolved liberation of women can only come about through For women in favor of the new patrilineal organization pre- the abolition of class society, going beyond it to a The third perspective from which the contribu­ cisely because the old matriclan structure no longer new and higher stage of human evolution for which tion made by Woman's Evolution will be appre­ corresponded to the most efficient organization of the economic foundations already exist. Thus ciated is that of the growing number of women who human labor and reproduction. It had become an women's liberation and the socialist revolution are are today coming to understand their oppression obstacle to further progress. closely intertwined. as women and are searching for the road to their But the transition from matriarchy to patriarchy Today women and humanity as a whole stand at liberation. It is here that Reed's book will receive was not primarily a struggle between women and a great historical turning point not unlike that its warmest and most heartfelt reception. men. It was a struggle between two contending which took place several thousand years ago. Ir- Women who are trying to comprehend them­ groups of men, the brothers and the husbands, reconcilable class forces and social systems are selves and the society that has shaped them will representing two irreconcilable social forces, two contending on a world scale. Whether humanity recognize Woman's Evolution for what its author incompatible social systems. will advance or be annihilated is a real, not hypo- meant it to be: a contribution designed to help us The husbands stood on the side of human prog- thetical, question. Then, as now, women's fate will arm ourselves historically, theoretically, and po­ ress and the brothers on the side of stagnation, be decided by the outcome of this class struggle. litically; a work intended to help us understand our reaction, and decline. The outcome was inevitable. Then, as now, women will play a crucial role in past and the origins of our oppression in order to Those tribal societies that succeeded in making the determining that outcome. better prepare us for our future struggles; a study transition survived and flourished. Those that Unlike our female ancestors, though, today we of our history that will help restore our confidence failed to make the transition declined and dis- can understand the perspective before us and con- and pride in being women. appeared. sciously participate in making our own futures, in It is on the first part of the book, devoted to the opening the way toward a new historical era that matriarchy and analyzing the decisive role and Woman's downfall will eliminate the oppression of women, as well as contributions of women in primitive society, that It was this confrontation of vast social forces that war, racism, poverty, and the economic exploita­ the author has obviously expended the greatest brought with it woman's downfall. The rise of class tion of men and women by a tiny handful of men "loving care." The sections dealing with the fratriar­ society based on private property and the patriar­ who control the wealth that all humanity has col­ chy and patriarchy are no less carefully reasoned. - chal family brought slavery and the exploitation of lectively produced. We can consciously fight to end Yet the warmth, richness, and humor that breaks men by men as well as the purchase and domestic that era in which every advance for some is made through repeatedly in the first part of the book enslavement of women. They became valued not at the expense of others. especially transmit the author's real sentiments­ for their productive skills but for their capacity to In this respect Evelyn Reed's personal history her own sense of female identification with these produce children, especially male children, and as and example is as instructive as the contribution creatures she affectionately dubs ''the feminids," the labor power that could be exploited to produce she has made in the pages of Woman's Evolution. humanizers and socializers of us all. The pride is greater surpluses, greater individual wealth. As a conscious feminist she has spent more than contagious. Every woman will sense it. The family, and even the word itself, which meant 30, years as an active member and leader of the a man, his children, his wife, and his slaves­ Socialist Workers Party doing everything possible Woman's work: 'all else' emerged at this late date in human history as an to bring closer that day when the working class To cite just one example, I would point to the economic and social unit, not a biological one. will seize power and collectively reorganize society chapter that really should have been entitled "All The birth of class society was a great historical to place human needs above private profit, thereby else ... " after the words of a Kurnai aborigine advance for humanity as a whole, opening the way opening the door to the future of the human race in Australia who explained that man's work was to the colossal progress of the past three thousand and the liberation of women. to hunt, spear fish, fight and then "sit down," while years. At the same time, as Engels explained, it The publication of Woman's Evolution could woman's work was to do "all else." · inaugurated "that epoch, lasting until today, in hardly be more timely. It could not have been That the high status of women in primitive which every advance is likewise a relative regres­ written and published without the political enlight­ society was directly related to their productive sion, in .. which the well-being and development of enment that accompanied the new rise of the femi­ labor could scarcely be more amply proven than the one group are attained by the misery and re­ nist movement. But in return for the inspiration she by the book's documentation of women's contribu­ pression of the other." received from this historical development, Evelyn tions as the first farmers, industrialists, scientists, Thus, "the first class antagonism which appears Reed has made a significant contribution to placing doctors, nurses, architects, teachers, artists, lin­ in history coincides with the development of the an­ the feminist movement on a solid materialist foun­ guists, and historians- the social as well as the tagonism between man and woman in mono­ dation. She has swept away some of the cobwebs biological mothers of humanity. gamian marriage, and the first class oppression of obscurantism and reaction so long used to help Woman's Evolution is first and foremost a book with that of the female sex by the male." ( The keep women "in their place" by denying them real about human origins. It is a book about the kind Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the knowledge of their own history and the history of of social system women created and why it had to State, p. 75.) class society. be what it was. Two-thirds of the book deals with These are the themes carefully, if briefly, sketched Woman's Evolution fully measures up to its dedi­ this social system and how it evolved over a by Reed in the final section of Woman's Evolution. cation: "To Women-on the way to liberation." million-year history. Toward the end of this period, which spanned 99 percent of human existence, a qualitative change took place- the destruction of communal property and its replacement by a system based on private Tour sparks discussion among women Evelyn Reed's book Woman's Evolution is be­ ownership of the means of production; the rise of Polytechnic University. coming a new focus of discussion in the wom­ social divisions where some exploited and profited Evelyn Reed, in her talk, welcomed the diversi­ from the labor of others; the destruction of the en's liberation movement, prompting many ty of disciplines and viewpoints represented by women to probe deeper into the origins of wom­ maternal clan system and the rise of the father the speakers. family; the reduction of women to second-class en's oppression. Reed was also the featured speaker at Cali­ status, completely subordinate to men, and their Reed herself is in the thick of this discussion. fornia State University's International Women's domestic enslavement. As soon as her book appeared (official publi­ Week program sponsored by Sisters United and Woman's Evolution is not primarily a book cation date is March 8 ), she embarked on a the Associated Students. five-week, seven-city speaking tour to discuss dealing with this transition from preclass matriar­ In San Diego Reed addressed a meeting of and debate the ideas in Woman's Evolution. chal clan society to the class-divided patriarchal 175 people at San Diego State University. In In the course of the tour Reed has spoken at family society. But within the framework of the her first television appearance since the book 14 campuses, as well as at women's liberation came out, Reed was interviewed by Alicia San­ subject matter it sets out to cover, Woman's Evolu­ events and symposia. Her appearances have doval on KTTV's "Let's Rap" show. Listeners tion deals with the question that has troubled most received major coverage in several daily news­ phoned in questions during the last part of feminists seeking to understand the social status papers. the 30-minute program. imposed on them. How did men gain the power, One of her most recent meetings in Los An­ Pacifica radio station KPFK broadcast a 25- come to control the wealth, and rise to exercise the geleswas a symposium on her book by women minute interview with Reed, and the station plans dominion they have wielded since the dawn of re­ professors specializing in anthropology, psy­ to play the tape of the Woman's Building sym­ corded history? chology, and animal development. The discus­ posium. Interviews with Reed also appeared If this state of affairs has not always existed, if sion, attended by 200, was held at the Woman's in the Los Angeles Times and the L.A. Free it is not due to any· innate biological inferiority Building March 1. Press. of women, then how did it come about? If neither Dr. Annette Ehrlich, associate professor in At each of her tour stops, the interest aroused sex oppressed the other in preclass society, why the psychology department at California State by her appearance has brought increased sales did men and not women come out on top in the University, joined Reed in pointing to the fal­ of Woman's Evolution. In Los Angeles, book­ transition to class society? lacy of citing the animal world to justify the stores and wholesale outlets ordered nearly 400 Reed carefully traces the main lines along which "naturalness" of the nuclear family, male lead­ copies of the book. the transition took place in the period between 6000 ership, and sexual divisions of labor. Reed's tour will culminate in a New York re- and 1000 B. C. She explains the economic founda­ Dr. Hilda Kuper, professor of anthropology ception welcoming the book in conjunction with tions for the changes- the birth of agriculture and at UCLA, argued against Reed's evolutionary celebrating International Women's Day. Speak­ stock raising; the mastery of metal crafts; the pos­ view of the development of human society. ers at the March 9 event will be Evelyn Reed, sibility for the first time in history that human la­ Director, producer, and writer Francine Par­ Puerto Rican feminist Ana Rivera, playwright bor could produce significantly more than neces­ ker aimed her remarks at showing how the real Myrna Lamb, film critic Joan Mellen, Dr. Bar­ sary to assure survival; the resulting profitability history of women has been ignored and hidden. bara Roberts, and the Socialist Workers Party for some to exploit the labor of others; the increas­ The symposium was chaired by Dr. Gloria Loth­ vice-presidential candidate in 1976, Willie Mae ing division of labor; the beginning of exchange rop, associate professor of history at California Reid. and commerce.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 14, 1975 25 March 14, 8 p.m. 1519 Mission St. Donation: $1. year-old son, inquiring of his mother's time the imperialists have. agreed to Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For more information whereabouts. Last summer Font intro­ forms of detente with the Stalinists, call (415) 864-9174. duced himself to Cordes as someone that agreement has been used by the TWIN CITIES interested in socialism, but during the imperialists to help their system sur­ Calendar SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY CAMPAIGN RALLY discussion revealed himself as a vive its own crises and the revolu­ AND BANQUET. Sat., March 15.. 5:30 p.m.: refresh­ ATLANTA ments; 6:30 p.m.: dinner; 8 p.m.: rally announcing Klansman. tionary movements it brings forth. THE FIGHT AGAINST RACISM IN THE DEKALB 1975 municipal candidates; party to follow rally. 25 A police detective, who acknowledges As soon as the capitalist rulers were SCHOOLS. Speakers: Ronald lrby and Reginia University Ave. S.E., Mpls. D,onation: $4.50 for that Font is "dangerous," believes he Marble, student leaders at Columbia High School; banquet and rally; $1 for rally only. Ausp: Socialist able, they turned against their detente Roger Mills, legal counsel for Concerned Parents of Workers Campaign Committee. For more informat­ may be guilty of trespassing. So far, partners with new ferocity. Columbia High School. Fri., March 14, 8 p.m. 68 ion call (612) 332-7781. though, cops have refused to arrest A new revolutionary socialist leader­ Peachtree St., Third Floor. Donation: $1. Ausp: Font. Militant Bookstore Forum. For more information WASHINGTON, D.C. ship must be built throughout the call (404) 523-0610. WASHINGTON TEACHERS UNION UNDER AT­ world based on the strategy of Lenin TACK. Speaker: Erich Martel, Socialist Workers and the Russian Bolsheviks-a leader­ BOSTON Party candidate for school board. Fri., March 14, 8 SOCIALIST WORKERS 1975 CAMPAIGN BAN­ p.m. 1345 E St. NW. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant ship with the aim of leading humanity QUET AND RALLY. Speakers: Linda Jenness, SWP Forum. For !)lore information call (202) 783-2391. out of the anarchy and brutality of 1972 presidemial candidate; Ollie Bivins, SWP the capitalist system into the social­ candidate for school committee. Candidate for mayor to be announced at rally. Sat., March 15. 6 ... detente ist future. p.m.: social hour; 7 p.m.: smorgasbord dinner; 8 Continued from page 17 p.m.: rally. 655 Atlantic Ave. Donation: $4 for entire their own economic progress on pros­ evening; $1.50 for rally only. Ausp: Socialist Workers Campaign Committee. For more informa­ pects for stability of world capitalism . tion call (617) 482-8050. ... Reid But the Kremlin's hopes for stabil­ Continued from page 5 ity notwithstanding, this is a time of ... dossiers lations to Mayor Daley," praising his CLEVELAND crisis and instability for the capitalist Continued from bactc page THE GOLDEN YEARS: MYTH OR REALITY? "life of public service for Chicago." rulers throughout tbe world. Their two decades of systematic terrorist acts Speaker: Almeda Kirsch, Socialist Workers Party. Many Singer campaign workers re­ Fri., March 14, 8 p.m. 4420 Superior Ave. Donation: system is coming apart at the seams, by Nazis, Ku Klux Klanners, Cuban $1. Ausp: Militan1 Forum. For more information call sponded with boos and hisses. "Save revealing itself to be unable to meet counterrevolutionary exiles, and other (216) 391-5553. it, pal," someone shouted. the needs of humanity. Capitalism is ultrarightists, the police have shown A real independent campaign HOUSTON producing mass famine, destroying a truly remarkable incapacity to solve EXPLODING THE MYTH. OF FEMALE INFERIORI­ against Daley means a campaign the environment, and creating sudden any of these crimes. TY. Speakers to be announced. Fri., March 14, 8 against the whole corrupt system he p.m. 3311 Montrose. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant breakdowns and shortages of the ne­ In recent months there was the mur­ represents. It means a campaign for Forum. For more information call (713) 52p-1082. cessities of life. The world is crying derous bomb attack on the Socialist a different kind of politics-politics out for economic planning and elim­ Workers Party headquarters. This NEW YORK CITY based on the needs and interests of THE FIGHT FOR BLACK LIBERATION TODAY. was preceded by a tear-gas attack working people and the Black com­ ination of the anarchy of capitalist Speaker: Tony Thomas, national committee mem­ production for profit and the irration­ on a rally demanding reopening of ber, Socialist Workers Party, and editor, Black munity. It aims to inspire and mobi­ the Rosenberg case and was followed Liberation and Socialism. Fri., March 14, a p.m. New lize them with a program of funda­ al conflicts across national boundar­ York University Catholic Center, 58 Washington ies. by a bomb attack on the Unidosbook­ Square South. Donation: $1. mental change, not token reform. But instead of providing leadership store in East Los Angeles and the It can't be done by trying to out­ SOCI~LIST EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE. Five setting off of an explosive in the stu­ law-and-order the racists, by trying for the anticapitalist struggles that two-part classes: What is Socialism; Maoism in continue to burst forth, the Stalinist dio of KCET-TV, which was showing Crisis; Marxist Economics; Socialist strategy for the to buy a piece of the machine, or by labor unions; and The Early Civil Rights Movement. placating the Democratic Party bosses. policy, both in Moscow and Peking, the Cuban film Lucia. Noxious gas Sat., March 15, 11 ll.m. and 2 p.m. NYU Loeb is to use their influence over such was used at a showing of Lucia at Student Center, Washington Square South and La It can't be done within the Democratic Guardia Place. Donation: $.50 per class, $2 for and Republican parties at all. struggles as bargaining chips in try­ Cal State Los Angeles, and a lethal weekend. Ausp: Young Socialist Alliance and That is why the campaign of Willie ing to achieve diplomatic deals with bomb was discovered outside the door Socialist Workers Party. For more information call the imperialist powers-deals that his­ of the Palestinian Voice, a community (212) 982-8214. Mae Reid is the real alterantive to Daley on April 1. tory has proven to be both reaction­ paper. TO SERVE THE PEOPLE: HEALTH CARE DELIV­ ary and utopian as far as bringing In none of these cases have those ERY IN MODERN CHINA. Speaker: Dr. Victor Sidel, responsible been apprehended. Albert Einstein School of Medicine, chairman, the world closer to peace. department of social medicine, Montesiore Hosp­ The Stalinist parties are no longer In relation to the bombing of the ital. Sat., March 15, 2:30p.m. Gouverneur Hospital leaders of the rebel masses, seeking SWP hall the police did nothing until Auditorium, 227 Madison St., (between Jefferson and Clinton). Donation: $2. Ausp: Chinatown Health to mobilize the full power of the work­ widespread national protests to Mayor Clinic. For more information call (212) 732-9545. ... threat ers to fight for their interests. These Bradley seemed to have an effect, and Continued from page 7 parties have become nothing but lob­ there now appears to be an active in­ PHILADELPHIA SOUTHEAST ASIA: WHAT PEACE? TWO YEARS election. The Ku Klux Klan has at­ byists for the narrow diplomatic aims vestigation. AFTER THE ACCORDS. Speaker: Harvey McAr­ tempted to intimidate Camejo's sup­ of the privileged bureaucracies in Mos­ In relation to the current revelation thur, antiwar activist, Young Socialist Alliance; The cow and Peking. regarding the police files, Ramona Post-war War, NARMIC slide show. Fri., March 14, 8 porters here during recent weeks. p.m. 1004 Filbert St. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Hooded Klansmen held an armed The bureaucratic rulers in the So­ Ripston, director of the Southern Cal­ Forum. For more information call (215) WA5-4316. demonstration outside SWP offices viet Union and China react with fear ifornia American Civil Liberties PITTSBURGH Feb. 20. and hostility to genuine revolutionary Union (ACLU), said the ACLU will RELIGION, SOCIALISM, AND SOCIAL CHANGE, Andrea Cordes, a campaign worker, upheavals anywhere in the world, be­ file suit to permanently enjoin the Speakers: Molly Rush, director, Thomas Merton cause such mass action gives inspir­ police from maintaining such dossiers. Center; Meg Ann Root, Grail Society; Howard Beck, found a Klan leaflet posted on the Socialist Workers Party candidate for city council. door to her home Feb. 27. The leaf­ ation to the workers of their own coun­ She said it was apparent that such Fri., March 14, 8 p.m. 3400 Fifth Ave. Donation: $1. let said, "This has been a friendly tries to fight against the privileged files are not for the purpose of law Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call 682-5019 .. visit from the Ku Klux Klan. Next hierarchy and for democratic rights. enforcement but constitute a political time do you want a real visit?' Each of the major historical tests weapon against those deemed to be SAN FRANCISCO Michel Font, a known Klansman, of detente has proven it to be the road dissidents. Use of such files, she said, BEHIND THE PG&E RATE HIKES. Speakers: George Gilmore, Toward Utility Rate Normalization; paid two visits to Cordes's home on to terrible defeats for the struggle of is contrary to the First Amendment Jim Shoch, Electricity and Gas for People. Fri., March 3. He spoke with Cordes's nine- the exploited and oppressed. Each and should be stopped. Socialist Directory

ARIZONA: Tucson: YSA, c/o Glennon, S.U.P.O. Tel: (404) 523-0610. NEW JERSEY: New ~runswlck: YSA, c/o Richard College, Edinboro, Pa. 16412. Box 20965, Tucson, Ariz. 85720. ILLINOIS: Champaign: YSA, Room 284 lllini Union, Ariza, 515 S. First Ave., Highland 'Park, N.J. Philadelphia: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA, Urbana, Ill. 61801. 08904. Tel: (210) 828-4710. 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Market), 1849 University Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. Tel: Chicago: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 428 S. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Spencer Livingston, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107. Tel: (215) WA5-4316. (415) 548-0354. Wabash, Fifth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: 317 State St., Albany, N.Y. 12210. PiHsburgh; SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Press, 3400 Fifth Los Angeles, Central-East SWP, YSA, Militant SWP-(312) 939-0737, YSA-(312) 427-0280, Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (at Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213. Tel: (412) 682-5019. Bookstore, 710 S. Westlake Ave., Los Angeles, Pathfinder Books-(312) 939-0756. Willoughby), Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596- Shippensburg: YSA, c/o Mark Dressier, Box 214 Calif. 90057. Tel: (213) 483-1512. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities 2849. . Lackhove Hall, Shippensburg State College, Los Angeles, West Side: SWP and YSA, 230 Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. New York City: City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Shippensburg, Pa. 17257. Broadway, Santa Monica, Calif. 90401. Tel: (213) 47401. Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. State College: YSA, 333 Logan Ave. #401, State 394-9050. KANSAS: Lawrence: YSA, c/o Christopher Starr, 10003. Tel: (212) 982-4966. College, Pa. 16801. Los Angeles: City-wide SWP and YSA, 710 S. West­ 3020 Iowa St., Apt. C-14, Lawrence, Kans. 66044. Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookstore. TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, P.O. Box 67, Station lake Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Tel: (213) Tel: (913) 864-3975 or 842-8658. 706 Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, B, Nashville, Tenn. 37235. Tel: (615) 383-2583. 483-0357. KENTUCKY: Louisville: YSA, Box 8026, Louisville, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982-6051; Merit Riverside: YSA, c/o. U. of Cal. Campus Activities, Ky. 40208. Books (212) 982-5940. TEXAS: Austin: YSA, c/o Arnold Rodriguez, 901 234 Commons, Riverside, Calif. 92507. MARYLAND: Baltimore: YSA, P.O. Box 4314, Ossining: YSA, c/o Scott Cooper, 127-1 S. Highland Morrow, Apt. 303, Austin, Tex. 78757. Sacramento: YSA, c/o Marlene Metcalf, P.O. Box Baltimore, Md. 21223. Tel: (301) 247-8911: Ave., Ossining, N.Y. 10562. Dallas: YSA, c/o Steve Charles, 3420 Hidalgo #201, 2061, Sacramento, Calif. 95810. MASSACHUSETTS: Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Upper West Side: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, Dallas, Tex. 75220. Tel: (214) 352-6031. San Diego: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 4635 Militant Labor Forum, 655 Atlantic Ave., Third 2726 Broadway (104th St.), New York, N.Y. 10025. Houston: SWP, YSA, and Pathfinder Books, 3311 El Cajon Blvd., San Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: F14) Floor, Boston, Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 482- Tel: (212) 663-3000. Montrose, Houston, Tex. 77006. Tel: (713) 526- 280-1292. 8050, YSA-(617) 482-8051; Issues and Activists 1082. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Labor Forum, Speakers' Bureau (IASB) and Regional NORTH CAROLINA: Chapel Hill: YSA, c/o Susan San Antonio: YSA, c/o Andy Gonzalez, 2203 W. and Militant Books, 1519 Mission St., San Committee-(617) 482-8052; Pathfinder Books­ Love, 924 James, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514. Tel: Houston, San Antonio, Tex. 78207. Francisco, Calif. 94103. Tel: SWP-(415) 431- (617) 338-8560. (919) 933-4902. UTAH: Logan: YSA, P.O. Box 1233, Utah State 8918; YSA-(415) 863-2285; Militant Books-(415) Worcester: YSA, Box 229, Greendale Station, Greenville: YSA, P.O. Box 1693, Greerfville, N.C. University, Logan, Utah 84321. 864-9174. Worcester, Mass. 01606. 27834. Tel: (919) 752-6439. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP, YSA, Militant Book­ San Jose: YSA, 96 S. 17th St., San Jose, Calif. MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, Room 4103, Mich. OHIO: Bowling Green: YSA, P.O. Box 27, University store, 1345 E St. N.W., Fourth Floor, Wash., D.C. 95112. Tel: (408) 286-0615. Union, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Hall, Bowling Green State University, Bowling 20004. Tel: SWP-(202) 783-2391; YSA-(202) Santa Barbara: YSA, P.O. Box 14606, UCSB, Santa 48104. Tel: (313) 663-8766. Green, Ohio 45341 783-2~63. Barbara, Calif. 93107. Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C.R. Mitts, P.O. Box 32084, WASHINGTON: Bellingham: YSA and Young So­ Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) Cincinnati, Ohio 45232. Tel: (513) 242-9043. cialist Books, Rm. 213, Viking Union, Western COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA, and Militant TE1-6135. Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Washington State College, Bellingham, Wash. Bookstore, 1203 California, Denver, Colo. 80204. East Lansing: YSA •. Second Floor Offices, Union Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Tel: SWP-(216) 391- 98225. Tel: (206) 676-3460. Tel: SWP-(303) 623-2825, YSA-(303) 266-9431. Bldg. Michigan State University, East Lansing, 5553. YSA-(216) 391-3278. Seattle: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 5623 Greeley: YSA, c/o Barbara Jaeger, 712 15th Ave. Mich. 48823. Columbus: YSA, c/o Margaret Van Epp, 670 University Way N.E., Seattle, Wash. 98105. Tel: Court, Greeley, Colo. 80631. MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA, Cuyahoga Ct., Columbus, Ohio 43210. Tel: (614) (206) 522-7800. FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, P.O. Box U-6350, Labor Bookstore, 25 University Ave. S.E., Mpls., 268-7860. WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, 801 E. Eagle Hts., Tallahassee, Fla. 32313. Minn. 55414. Tel: (612) 332-7781. OREGON: Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S.W. Stark, Madison. Wis. 53705. Tel: (608) 238-6224. GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peach­ MISSOURI: St. Louis: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, Fifth Floor, Portland, Ore. 97204. Tel: (503) 226- Milwaukee: YSA, UW-Milwaukee Union Box 139, tree St., N.E., Third Floor, Atlanta, Ga. 30303. 4460 Maryland, Suite 2, St. Louis, Mo. 63108. Tel: 2715. Rm. E-382, Milwaukee, Wis. 53201. Tel: (414) 936- SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. 30301. (314) 367-2520. PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State 5551.

26 BOSTON------Democracy & New England conference on prospects for socialism Revolutiori · FRIDAY, MARCH 14, 8 p.m.: PROSPECTS FOR SOCIALISM .IN AMERICA. Speaker: BARRY SHEPPARD, national organization secretary, Socialist Workers Party. BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL by George Novack OF NURSING AUDITORIUM, 635 COMMONWEALTH AVE. How could a scandal the scope of Watergate strike in a SATURDAY, MARCH 15, 11 a.m. and 2 p.m.: IMPERIALISM AND country founded on the precepts of democracy? What is WORLD ECONOMY. Speaker: DICK ROBERTS, author of MIDEAST the role of democracy in maintaining capitalist society? OIL AND U.S. IMPERIALISM, staff writer for THE MILITANT. 2 p_m_ Why do Marxists hold that socialism would give Ameri­ - and 4:30 p.m.: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT: ITS HISTORY AND cans more democratic rights? LESSONS FOR TODAY. Speaker: TONY THOMAS, editor, BLACK LIBERATION AND SOCIALISM, staff writer for THE MILITANT_ 11 Democracy and Revolution surveys the development of a.m.: Workshop: WOMAN'S EVOLUTION: THE MYTH OF FEMALE democracy from its emergence among the ancient Greeks INFERIORITY. Led by EVELYN CLARK, founding·member, Female to the contemporary world. Novacl,t gives a critical analy­ Liberation-GEORGE SHERMAN UNION, 775 COMMONWEALTH AVE. Donation: $1 per session, $3 for entire conference. Ausp: sis of democracy in the United States today, and reviews Young Socialist Alliance. For more information call (617) 482-8050. the worldwide decline of capitalist democracy and the birth of fascism. Especially noteworthy is Novack's treatment of the conflict between ihe bureaucratic and democratic forces in postcapitalist regimes from the Soviet Union to Cuba. 288 pp., $7.95, paper $2.95 l.a. socialist Order from: campaign banquet PATHFINDER PRESS, INC. 410 West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014 Speakers: Ed Heisler Cochairperson, Socialist Workers 1976 National Campaign Committee Read the Donald Freed Author of 'Executive Action' Young & Los Angeles Socialist Workers ·socialist candidates Saturday, March 15 Join the 230 Broadway, Santa Monica Refreshments, 6 p.m.; rally, 8:15 p.m. Young Donation: $5 (High school students: $2.50) Socialist For more information call (213) 394-9050 Alliance NEW YORK CITY------Members of the Young Socialist Alliance are fighters in the struggle againsl rac­ ism in Boston, campus and high school struggles, the womens liberation move­ ment, the fight of Chicanos to end racist deportations, and other movements for social change_ Join us! The Fight For ,__ I would like more information about the YSA _ I want to join the YSA Black Liberation Today _Enclosed is 51 for 6 months of the Young Socialist Newspaper FRIDAY, MARCH 14, 8 p.m. Keynote speaker: TONY THOMAS, Name:------Address: ______national committee member of Socialist Workers Party and editor of City, State, Zip & Phone: ______'Black Liberation and. Socialism.' NEW YORK UNIVERSITY CATHOLIC CENTER (58 Washington Sq. South) Donation: $1. YSA, P.O. Box471, Cooper Station, N.Y., N.Y. 10003 Socialist Educational Conference SATURDAY, MARCH 15. Five two-part classes. 11 a.m.-1 p.m. and 2 p.m.-4 p.m. WHAT IS SOCIALISM, MAOISM IN CRISIS, MARXIST ECONOMICS, SOCIALIST STRATEGY FOR THE LABOR UNIONS, and THE EARLY CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT_ NYU LOEB STUDENT CENTER (Washington Sq. South & La Guardia Place). Donation: 50 cents each for classes, $2 for weekend. Ausp.: Young Help sell Socialist Alliance and Socialist Workers Party. For more information call (212) 982-8214. The Militant /" "'\ The socialist NOW' The Meaning ol newsweekly avail&ble Jan.-June 1974 Militant bound the Vietnam volume and index, $12.50. Index only, $1. Bound volume Accords only, $12. bY Barry Sheppard Help sell The Militant by taking a regular bundle to sell on your campus, at July-Dec. 1974 Militant bound your job, or in your neighborhood. The cost is 17 cents per copy, and we volume, $12. will bill you at the end of each month. and Dick Robarts ( ) Send me a bundle of ___ Earlier bound volumes available. Write for more information on Mili­ Name ______Address --'------tant bound vqlumes or microfilms for 25C 1929 through 1973_ City ______State------Zip--- PATHFINDER PRESS The Militant, 14 Charles lane, New 410 West St., New York, N.Y. York, N.Y. 10014. 10014. The Militant Business Office, 14 Charles lane, New York, N_ Y. 10014_ ' _) THE MILITANT/MARCH 14, 1975 27 THE MILITANT Thousands of citizens targeted • • ose

By HARRY RING associated themselves in any way with LOS ANGELES-Mayor Thomas a political issue or cause. Bradley and Police Chief Edward Da­ At the news conference, Bradley and vis have admitted that for more than Davis said the police commission has 40 years ~e Los Angeles police de­ . been reviewing the files in order to partment ( LAPD) has maintained develop guidelines for their use. massive secret intelligence dossiers on They said the review has been go­ tens of thousands of citizens as well ing on since 1973. as a wide variety of organizations. As part of the "review," they said, The admission came Feb. 26 after some of the files have been destroyed a broadcast by Art Kevin of radio recently, mainly as "obsolete." station KMPC. Kevin reported he had Both Bradley and Davis refused to learned that a member of the civilian divulge what organizations or indi­ police commission found that there viduals are included in the files. They was a dossier on his wife, who is ac­ said it would be "inappropriate" and tive in Women For, a liberal group­ ''unethical" to disclose the contents of ing concerned with social issues. the dossiers. According to Kevin's sources, the Police commission President Wil­ commissioner demanded that the file liams said that at the outset he was on his wife be destroyed and was "suspicious" as to how the files were backed in this by police commission being used, but that after study he was President Sam Williams. persuaded that "the organizations we Davis reportedly responded that if are collecting information on ought they pressed the demand he and his to be monitored." top aides would resign. Davis pointed to the current wave When Kevin reported this develop­ of terrorist bombmgs as a justification ment, Bradley and Davis immediately for maintaining the dossiers, although summoned a joint city hall news con­ they have apparently been of little help ference where they denied the partic­ since the police have thus far done ular story but did admit the existence nothing to stop the bombings. of the files. At the same time, massive destruc­ Fear legal action tion of the files was begun. According to sources, the hasty, In an interview, Art Kevin said that massive destruction of files is stimu-. MilitanVHarry Ring Damage from Nazi bombing of L.A. Socialist Workers Party office last month. Cops according to his sources, some 25,000 lated by a fear that legal action will claim to be spying on right as well as left, but they have done nothing to apprehend dossiers have been destroyed. Four result in a court order to divulge their rightist terrorists. van loads were dispatched to a com­ contents. mercial shredder or to be burned. Bradley, a former police lieutenant with an apparent taste for delicate of the until recently secret Criminal had functioned as an informant and Thousands of activists formulations, referred to the compila­ Conspiracy Section ( CC S) of the agent provocateur within the Black Kevin said he had reported only the tion of the secret dossiers as a mat­ LAPD. movement for the CCS. case of the wife of the commissioner ter of "public information gathering." This extensive political police appa­ Tackwood said he had helped set because it was the only one he has However, it has already been well ratus functions in collaboration with up a 1965 police attack against the been able to double-check so far. But established that in good measure these the FBI, CIA, and other secret-police Nation of Islam temple here. He said he said that according to his sources, dossiers are compiled by secret police agencies. that he had acted as a police inter­ the doss'iers include thousands of pub­ inform ants and agents provocateurs A corner of the curtain on CCS mediary to the cultural nationalist lic figures, attorneys, and others, who penetrate political and commu­ activities was lifted in 1971 by Louis group US, which conducted gang war­ mainly of ·a liberal bent, who have nity organizations under the direction Tackwood, who publicly revealed he fare against the Black Panthers, lead­ ing to the gunning down of two Pan­ thers in 1969. Tackwood also filled in the picture on the systematic police campaign to New rightist bomb attack in LA. literally destroy the Panthers here. LOS ANGELES-Right-wing ter­ by the curb and notified a nearby He said one of the policemen told 'Alpha file' rorists here have planted still cop who immediately summoned him that the bomb seemed similar Nor have secret-police methods been another bomb. This time the tar­ help. to the type used against the Leban­ directed solely against activists. It was get was the Palestinian Voice, a The bomb squad, which has been ese consulate here. recently revealed that the LAPD se­ monthly community newspaper. working overtime here in recent At the consulate, a staff member cret dossiers include an "Alpha file" An anonymous caller told United weeks, arrived and an area of sev­ said they have been the victim of containing the names of young ·peo­ Press International the bomb had eral blocks just off the busy inter­ two major bomb attacks and that ple deemed to be potential "trouble­ been placed "to serve as a warning section of Hollywood and Vine was the JDL took credit for both. makers." The lists, mainly of Black to all enemies of the Jewish peo­ cordoned off for two hours. The The first explosion, in June 1973, and Chicano youth, are compilations ple." bomb squad placed the explosive virtually destroyed the consulate of­ of names turned in by school bus driv­ By a stroke of luck, a major in a vault-like container and carried fices, the spokesperson said. The ers and others the police deem compe­ disaster was averted. The explosive, it off. second, in July of last year, did tent to determine who is a potential wrapped in a plastic bag, was In an interview, Mustafa Siam, extensive damage to the entrance troublemaker. placed outside the door of the pa­ editor of the Palestinian Voice, and surrounding walls. The history of the LAPD makes per's Hollywood Boulevard office charged that the attack was the No arrests have been made in ei­ clear that its massive secret files are the afternoon of Feb. 16. The build­ work of the right.wiilg Jewish De­ ther case. intended as a right-wing political ing manager came along and, as­ fense League (JDL). Mustafa Siam said he considered weapon against Blacks and Chicanos, suming it was trash, picked the bag Siam said police told him that it outrageous that such murderous and against political activists. up and carried it down a flight of the bomb was a lethal one consist­ attacks could be conducted with ap­ Police surveillance and dossiers are stairs to the street ing of three large sticks of dyna­ parent impunity and expressed the allegedly all-embracing, including the He then looked into the bag and, mite. If it had gone off it could hope that authorities would finally right as well as the left Despite nearly realizing it· was a bomb, placed it have destroyed the building. take action. - H.R. Continued on page 26