Staying the Course?
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FOR MORE INFORMATION: Staying the course? PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative 455 Massachusetts Avenue NW MALARIA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Suite 1000 Washington, DC 20001 USA IN A TIME OF ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY Phone: 202.822.0033 Fax: 202.457.1466 Email: [email protected] IC UNCERTAINTY IC M E OF ECONO OF E M ENT IN A TI A IN ENT M MALARIA RESEARCH AND DEVELOP AND RESEARCH MALARIA E? E? S STAYING THE THE COUR STAYING Staying the course? MALARIA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN A TIME OF ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY Copyright © 2011, Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH). All rights reserved. The material in this document may be freely used for educational or noncommercial purposes, provided that the material is accompanied by an acknowledgment line. Photos: Anna Wang, MMV (cover, page 5, and page 43, bottom) and IVCC (page 32 and page 43, top). Illustration on page 11 by Lamont W. Harvey. Suggested citation: PATH. Staying the Course? Malaria Research and Development in a Time of Economic Uncertainty. Seattle: PATH; 2011. ISBN 978-0-9829522-0-7 ii Acknowledgements We extend our collective gratitude to the many people who gave their time and expertise during the course of this project. The staff at Policy Cures served as authors of the report, including Mary Moran, Javier Guzman, Lisette Abela-Oversteegen, Brenda Omune and Nick Chapman. The final report could not have been prepared without valuable input from the staff of the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), in particular Theresa Raphael and Sally Ethelston. Information critical to the compilation of this report was obtained from the following organisations and individuals: MVI—Christian Loucq, Katya Spielberg and Ashley Birkett; Medicines for Malaria Venture—Julia Engelking, Matthew Doherty, Andrea Lucard, Jaya Banerji, Claude Oeuvray and Peter Potter-Lesage; Innovative Vector Control Consortium—Tom McLean and Robert Sloss; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics—Lakshmi Sundaram, Iveth Gonzalez, David Bell and Mark Perkins. We would also like to acknowledge the work of the Roll Back Malaria Partnership and Boston Consulting Group, whose Global Malaria Action Plan model provided an invaluable basis for our own modelling. The following individuals reviewed the report and provided important assistance and feedback: Awa Coll-Seck (Executive Director, Roll Back Malaria Partnership); David Kaslow (Vice President, Vaccines & Infectious Diseases at Merck Research Laboratories and Chair of the MVI Vaccine Science Portfolio Advisory Committee); and Robert Newman (Director, Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization). The production manager for this report was Cristina Herdman (PATH). Editing and proofreading support was provided by Teri Gilleland Scott (consultant for PATH) as well as Laura Newman and Manny Lewis (PATH). Dave Simpson, Melanie Wang and Cornelius Brudi of PATH provided graphic design support. Funds to support the development and production of this report came primarily from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. iii Table of contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................................................................... ii Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... v Foreword .........................................................................................................................................................................................................vi EXECUTIVE SUmmaRY ................................................................................................................................................................................1 Malaria R&D funding ....................................................................................................................................................................................1 The malaria R&D funding gap ..................................................................................................................................................................3 Discussion .......................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Conclusions and recommendations.......................................................................................................................................................4 INTRODUctiON ............................................................................................................................................................................................7 Disease background .....................................................................................................................................................................................9 SectiON ONE: MALARIA R&D FUNDING TOdaY ...........................................................................................................................13 Malaria R&D funding by product ...........................................................................................................................................................14 Malaria R&D funders ...................................................................................................................................................................................19 Malaria product developers ....................................................................................................................................................................23 Malaria R&D funding flows: How is malaria funding disbursed? ...............................................................................................28 SectiON twO: EstimatinG THE FUNDING GAP ..........................................................................................................................37 The overall funding gap ............................................................................................................................................................................38 Funding gap by product ...........................................................................................................................................................................39 SectiON THREE: DISCUSSION ...............................................................................................................................................................45 Modest sustained funding growth is needed ...................................................................................................................................46 Distribution of R&D funding between product areas ....................................................................................................................46 Flexible and responsive funding ............................................................................................................................................................47 Diversification of funding sources ........................................................................................................................................................47 Coordination of R&D funding .................................................................................................................................................................48 Plateau of product development partnership funding .................................................................................................................48 Conclusions and recommendations.....................................................................................................................................................49 ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................................................................................................51 Annexe 1. 2011 status of malaria tools ...............................................................................................................................................51 Annexe 2. Malaria product portfolio ....................................................................................................................................................69 Annexe 3. Methodology and limitations ............................................................................................................................................73 Annexe 4. References .................................................................................................................................................................................85 iv List of figures and tables Figure 1. The malaria transmission cycle ............................................................................................................................................11 Figure 2. Overall malaria R&D funding, 1993–2009 ........................................................................................................................13 Figure 3. Malaria R&D funding by product, 2004–2009 ................................................................................................................14 Figure 4. Funding for malaria drugs by R&D area, 2004–2009 ....................................................................................................16