DOCSLIB.ORG

The Development of Broadband Access in Rural and Remote Areas”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Development of Broadband Access in Rural and Remote Areas”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No Please cite this paper as: OECD (2004-05-10), “The Development of Broadband Access in Rural and Remote Areas”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 80, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/232744838147 OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 80 The Development of Broadband Access in Rural and Remote Areas OECD Unclassified DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2003)7/FINAL Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 10-May-2004 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY COMMITTEE FOR INFORMATION, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS POLICY Unclassified DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2003)7/FINAL Working Party on Telecommunication and Information Services Policies THE DEVELOPMENT OF BROADBAND ACCESS IN RURAL AND REMOTE AREAS English - Or. English JT00163813 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2003)7/FINAL FOREWORD In December 2003 the report was presented to the Working Party on Telecommunications and Information Services Policy (TISP). It was recommended to be made public by the Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy (ICCP) in April 2004. The report was prepared by Dr. Sam Paltridge of the OECD's Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. It is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. Copyright OECD, 2004 Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this material should be made to: Head of Publications Service, OECD, 2 rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. 2 DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2003)7/FINAL TABLE OF CONTENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF BROADBAND ACCESS IN RURAL AND REMOTE AREAS..................... 4 Main points.................................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 6 Broadband availability........................................................................................................................... 10 Country updates......................................................................................................................................... 14 Australia................................................................................................................................................. 14 Austria ................................................................................................................................................... 16 Belgium ................................................................................................................................................. 17 Canada ................................................................................................................................................... 17 Czech Republic...................................................................................................................................... 20 Denmark ................................................................................................................................................ 21 Finland................................................................................................................................................... 21 France .................................................................................................................................................... 22 Germany ................................................................................................................................................ 24 Greece.................................................................................................................................................... 25 Hungary ................................................................................................................................................. 25 Iceland ................................................................................................................................................... 26 Ireland.................................................................................................................................................... 26 Italy........................................................................................................................................................ 27 Japan...................................................................................................................................................... 29 Korea ..................................................................................................................................................... 30 Luxembourg........................................................................................................................................... 31 Mexico................................................................................................................................................... 32 Netherlands............................................................................................................................................ 33 New Zealand.......................................................................................................................................... 33 Norway .................................................................................................................................................. 36 Poland.................................................................................................................................................... 37 Portugal.................................................................................................................................................. 38 Slovak Republic..................................................................................................................................... 39 Spain...................................................................................................................................................... 39 Sweden................................................................................................................................................... 39 Switzerland ............................................................................................................................................ 41 Turkey.................................................................................................................................................... 42 United Kingdom .................................................................................................................................... 42 United States.......................................................................................................................................... 46 NOTES ......................................................................................................................................................... 54 APPENDIX 1: SELECTED DATA FOR OECD COUNTRIES.................................................................. 71 3 DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2003)7/FINAL THE DEVELOPMENT OF BROADBAND ACCESS IN RURAL AND REMOTE AREAS Main points As the development of broadband access builds momentum, policy makers are increasingly turning their attention to the availability of these services in rural and remote areas. The economic and social case for developing broadband access is very strong and takes on added significance for rural and remote communities, where improved communications can address a variety of challenges posed by distance.1 This report builds on earlier work by the OECD on the development of broadband access.2 The paper further strengthens the case made in “Universal service obligations and broadband” which argued that governments should act cautiously in providing financial assistance for the development of broadband, or including it as part of universal service obligations, until a clearer picture emerged of how new technologies and services, and the competitive market, could be used to foster broadband access in rural and remote regions.3 The report reviews progress on the availability of broadband access across the OECD area. It particularly focuses on benchmarking digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modem expansion and availability, as well as the emergence of broadband wireless as a platform to provide low-cost high-performance access networks in rural and remote areas. The paper finds that DSL availability is proceeding apace, with around three-quarters of existing subscriber lines being able to provide service by 2003. Cable networks pass 58% of households with just under three-quarters of those networks having been upgraded for broadband access. The paper also explores the increasing capabilities of wireless networks and lower equipment costs that are enabling a considerable amount of new entry into the telecommunication services market. This is most evident in urban areas where public and private wireless LANs are proliferating. However, it is also evident in the provision of broadband access in rural areas, the subject of this document. The amount of new entry by Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs) in rural
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Why Youtube Buffers: the Secret Deals That Make—And Break—Online Video When Isps and Video Providers Fight Over Money, Internet Users Suffer
    Why YouTube buffers: The secret deals that make—and break—online video When ISPs and video providers fight over money, Internet users suffer. Lee Hutchinson has a problem. My fellow Ars writer is a man who loves to watch YouTube videos— mostly space rocket launches and gun demonstrations, I assume—but he never knows when his home Internet service will let him do so. "For at least the past year, I've suffered from ridiculously awful YouTube speeds," Hutchinson tells me. "Ads load quickly—there's never anything wrong with the ads!—but during peak times, HD videos have been almost universally unwatchable. I've found myself having to reduce the quality down to 480p and sometimes even down to 240p to watch things without buffering. More recently, videos would start to play and buffer without issue, then simply stop buffering at some point between a third and two-thirds in. When the playhead hit the end of the buffer—which might be at 1:30 of a six-minute video—the video would hang for several seconds, then simply end. The video's total time would change from six minutes to 1:30 minutes and I'd be presented with the standard 'related videos' view that you see when a video is over." Hutchinson, a Houston resident who pays Comcast for 16Mbps business-class cable, is far from alone. As one Ars reader recently complained, "YouTube is almost unusable on my [Verizon] FiOS connection during peak hours." Another reader responded, "To be fair, it's unusable with almost any ISP." Hutchinson's YouTube playback has actually gotten better in recent weeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Informe Anual 99
    annual report 1999 annual report I 1999 teléfonos de méxico teléfonos de méxico www.telmex.com.mx Index Shareholder Information Highlights 1 Headquarters Shares Traded in the U.S. total revenues (millions of pesos) Parque Vía 190 ADS : New York Stock Exchange Colonia Cuauhtémoc Symbol: TMX Letter to Our Shareholders 2 México, D.F. One ADS represents 20 “L” shares 96,321 C.P. 06599 Operating Results 4 ADR : NASDAQ 87,880 Investor Relations Symbol: TFONY Parque Vía 198, Oficina 701 One ADR represents one “A” share 82,182 Comments on the Operating Results 81,759 80,898 Colonia Cuauhtémoc and the Financial Position 13 México, D.F. Transfer and Depository Agent in the U.S. 95 96 97 98 99 C.P. 06599 JP Morgan Consolidated Financial Statements 17 Tel. 52(5) 703 3990 / 52(5) 222 5462 Morgan Guaranty Trust Company Fax: 52(5) 545 5550 60 Wall Street E-Mail: [email protected] New York, NY 10260-0060 Proposal to the Meeting 36 Tel. 1 (212) 648 6801 EBITDA (millions of pesos) Shareholder Services Fax: 1 (212) 648 5104 Significant Results of Accounting Tel. 52(5) 222 1126 / 52(5) 222 5534 / Separation of Local and Long-Distance 52(5) 222 6159 Independent Auditors 53,690 51,045 Fax: 52(5) 254 5955 Mancera, S.C. Ernst&Young Telephone Services 37 43,801 45,244 44,770 E-Mail: [email protected] Board of Directors 38 Shares Traded in Mexico “A”: Bolsa Mexicana de Valores Symbol: TELMEX A Directory 40 95 96 97 98 99 “L” : Bolsa Mexicana de Valores Symbol: TELMEX L Annual Report | TELMEX Highlights (Figures in millions of pesos, unless otherwise indicated, with
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Respuestas Generales Que Proporciona El Instituto Federal De Telecomunicaciones a Las Manifestaciones, Opiniones, Comentarios
    RESPUESTAS GENERALES QUE PROPORCIONA EL INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE TELECOMUNICACIONES A LAS MANIFESTACIONES, OPINIONES, COMENTARIOS Y PROPUESTAS PRESENTADAS DURANTE LA CONSULTA PÚBLICA DEL: “ACUERDO POR EL QUE EL PLENO DEL INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE TELECOMUNICACIONES EXPIDE LA DISPOSICIÓN TÉCNICA IFT-004-2015, INTERFAZ A REDES PÚBLICAS PARA EQUIPOS TERMINALES” El Pleno del Instituto mediante el acuerdo P/IFT/EXT/181115/160 de fecha 18 de noviembre de 2015, aprobó someter a consulta pública el “Anteproyecto de Acuerdo mediante el cual se expide la Disposición Técnica IFT-004-2015: Interfaz a Redes Públicas para Equipos Terminales.”, ello en cumplimiento con lo establecido en el artículo 51 de la Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones y Radiodifusión (en lo sucesivo, la “LFTR”); proceso de consulta que tuvo lugar del 19 de noviembre al 16 de diciembre de 2015 (20 días hábiles). Durante dicha consulta pública se recibieron comentarios de 2 personas físicas y de 3 personas morales: 1. Verónica Zamorano Reséndiz, 2. Jazziel Osorio, 3. Teléfonos de México, S.A.B. DE CV. (TELMEX), 4. Teléfonos Del Noroeste, S.A. DE CV. (TELNOR), 5. Telecomunicaciones de México (TELECOMM) Una vez concluido el plazo de consulta respectivo, se publicaron en el portal de Internet del Instituto todos y cada uno de los comentarios, opiniones y propuestas concretas recibidas respecto del Anteproyecto materia de dicha Consulta Pública. En el presente documento, el Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones da respuesta a todos y cada uno de esos comentarios. 1 TÍTULO TELECOMM comenta: La disposición técnica DICE “Interfaz a redes públicas para equipos terminales”, el cambio propuesto es que DEBA DECIR “Interfaz a redes públicas de voz y datos para equipos terminales alámbricos e inalámbricos”.
    [Show full text]
  • FAA Order 8020.11 C
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIAl-ION ADMINISTRATION National Policy Effective Date: 02/02/2010 SUBJ: Aircraft Accident and Incident Notification, Investigation, and Reporting This order prescribes Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) procedures and responsibilities for aircraft accident and incident notification, investigation, and reporting. It provides direction and guidance to aviation safety inspectors when they are called upon to perform accident investigation. It also explains the responsibilities of the FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board when conducting investigations. The order is also used as a training guide for teaching accident investigation courses at the National Aircraft Accident Investigation School, Transportation Safety Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. All concerned personnel must familiarize themselves with the provisions of this order that pertain to their operational responsibilities and exercise their best judgment if they encounter situations not covered by the order. /J. *dolph Babbitt Distribution: Electronic Only Initiated By: AAI-100 02/02/2010 8020.11C Table of Contents Chapter 1. General Information Pages 1. Purpose of This Order 1-1 2. Audience 1-1 3. Where Can I Find This Order 1-1 4. What This Order Cancels 1-1 5. Explanation of Changes 1-1 6. Definitions 1-1 7. Forms and Reports 1-7 8. Authority To Change This Order 1-7 9. FAA Responsibilities in Aircraft Accident Investigations 1-7 10. Responsibilities of Regional Divisions and Aircraft Certification Directorates in Aircraft Accident Investigations 1-9 11. FAA and NTSB Accident and Incident Investigation Agreements 1-9 12. Post-Accident or Incident Drug Testing 1-10 13. FAA Investigator-In-Charge (IIC) 1-10 14.
    [Show full text]
  • Low-Cost Wireless Internet System for Rural India Using Geosynchronous Satellite in an Inclined Orbit
    Low-cost Wireless Internet System for Rural India using Geosynchronous Satellite in an Inclined Orbit Karan Desai Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Electrical Engineering Timothy Pratt, Chair Jeffrey H. Reed J. Michael Ruohoniemi April 28, 2011 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Internet, Low-cost, Rural Communication, Wireless, Geostationary Satellite, Inclined Orbit Copyright 2011, Karan Desai Low-cost Wireless Internet System for Rural India using Geosynchronous Satellite in an Inclined Orbit Karan Desai ABSTRACT Providing affordable Internet access to rural populations in large developing countries to aid economic and social progress, using various non-conventional techniques has been a topic of active research recently. The main obstacle in providing fiber-optic based terrestrial Internet links to remote villages is the cost involved in laying the cable network and disproportionately low rate of return on investment due to low density of paid users. The conventional alternative to this is providing Internet access using geostationary satellite links, which can prove commercially infeasible in predominantly cost-driven rural markets in developing economies like India or China due to high access cost per user. A low-cost derivative of the conventional satellite-based Internet access system can be developed by utilizing an aging geostationary satellite nearing the end of its active life, allowing it to enter an inclined geosynchronous orbit by limiting station keeping to only east-west maneuvers to save fuel. Eliminating the need for individual satellite receiver modules by using one centrally located earth station per village and providing last mile connectivity using Wi-Fi can further reduce the access cost per user.
    [Show full text]
  • AT&T Usadirect
    AT&T USADirect® Travel Guide How USADirect® Works 02 Access Codes 03 Dialing Instructions 06 Language Assistance 08 Tips & Timesavers 09 Frequently Asked Questions 10 AT&T USADirect® Travel Guide How USADirect® Works AT&T USADirect® is ideal for frequent international travelers who want to save money on calls back to the U.S. while traveling abroad. Just sign up, and then use an AT&T USADirect access number to connect to the AT&T U.S. network. Once connected, you can call anywhere in the U.S. quickly, easily, and dependably. AT&T USADirect accepts the AT&T Corporate and Consumer Calling Cards, as well as AT&T PrePaid Phone Cards. You can also use your commercial credit cards from many countries, subject to availability. Payment terms are subject to your credit card agreement. If you're an AT&T long-distance customer, you have the option of billing calls to your AT&T residential long-distance account. To find out more or to sign up, call toll-free 1-800-731-8230 or 1-800-435-0812. 2 AT&T USADirect® Travel Guide Access Codes Albania 00-800-0010 Bulgaria 00-800-0010 Egypt Showing Countries American Samoa Cambodia 1-800-881-001 Cairo 2510-0200 Starting with 1-800-225-5288 Canada 1-800-CALL-ATT Outside Cairo 02-2510-0200 Al-Ho Cayman Islands Angola 808-000-011 1-800-225-5288 El Salvador 800-1785 Anguilla 1-800-225-5288 Estonia 800-12001 Legends: Antigua Fiji 004-890-1001 U.S. - United States MB - Miltary Bases #1 Chile Finland 0-800-11-0015 # - Pound Key Select Hotels 1-800-225-5288 Telmex 800-225-288 France SS - Service Suspended Argentina ENTEL 800-360-311 Hotels 1 0-800-99-1011 Telecom 0-800-555-4288 ENTEL {Spanish} 800-360-312 Hotels 2 0-800-99-1111 Note: Telefonica 0-800-222-1288 Telefonica 800-800-288 Hotels 3 0-800-99-1211 ^ indicates that you ALA {Spanish} 0-800-288-5288 Telmex 171-00-311 Hotels-Paris Only 0-800-99-0111 should wait for a second dial tone Telmex {Spanish} 171-00-312 France Telecom 0-800-99-0011 before dialing the next number.
    [Show full text]
  • Broadband Access Technologies for Rural Connectivity in Developing Countries
    312 International Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science (IJRRCS) Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2011 Broadband Access Technologies for Rural Connectivity in Developing Countries F. Simba 1(Corresponding Author), B.M. Mwinyiwiwa 1, E.M. Mjema 1, L. Trojer 2, N.H. Mvungi 3. 1College of Engineering and Technology of the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 2Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden. 3College of Informatics and Virtual Education of the University of Dodoma, Tanzania. Abstract : Rural areas especially those of the developing Optical fiber technology is another option for access countries provide challenging environment to implement networks; it provides a huge amount of bandwidth in the communication infrastructure for data and Internet based services. range of Gbps. A single strand of fiber offers total The main challenges are the high cost of network implementation bandwidths of 25,000 GHz. Passive Optical Networks and lack of customer base, as rural areas are characterized by low (PONs) are widely deployed to implement the fiber optic income, highly scattered and low population density. This situation drives network operators to establish network infrastructures in access networks [2]. A PON is usually viewed as the final urban/city centers leaving rural areas as underserved community. segment of optical fiber-to-the home (FTTH) or close to it This paper surveys the available connectivity technologies with (FTTx). Commercially available and widely deployed PON potentials to offer broadband access network to rural areas. The access networks are the IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet PON scope of this survey is on wireless access technologies, due to the (EPON) with a symmetric rate of 1.25 Gb/s, or the ITU-T´s fact that they are efficient in terms of cost, time of deployment and G.984 Gigabit PON (GPON) with an upstream rate of 1.244 network management for rural environment.
    [Show full text]
  • EMI Assessment
    TWIN CREEK WIND FARM EMI Assessment Twin Creek Energy Pty Ltd Report No.: 170894-AUME-R-02, Rev. E Date: 26 June 2017 Status: Final IMPORTANT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER 1. This document is intended for the sole use of the Customer as detailed on the front page of this document to whom the document is addressed and who has entered into a written agreement with the DNV GL entity issuing this document (“DNV GL”). To the extent permitted by law, neither DNV GL nor any group company (the "Group") assumes any responsibility whether in contract, tort including without limitation negligence, or otherwise howsoever, to third parties (being persons other than the Customer), and no company in the Group other than DNV GL shall be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever suffered by virtue of any act, omission or default (whether arising by negligence or otherwise) by DNV GL, the Group or any of its or their servants, subcontractors or agents. This document must be read in its entirety and is subject to any assumptions and qualifications expressed therein as well as in any other relevant communications in connection with it. This document may contain detailed technical data which is intended for use only by persons possessing requisite expertise in its subject matter. 2. This document is protected by copyright and may only be reproduced and circulated in accordance with the Document Classification and associated conditions stipulated or referred to in this document and/or in DNV GL’s written agreement with the Customer. No part of this document may be disclosed in any public offering memorandum, prospectus or stock exchange listing, circular or announcement without the express and prior written consent of DNV GL.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 1999
    Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman Annual Report 1998–1999 TM Free, independent, just, informal and speedy resolution of complaints about telecommunications services. TM TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY OMBUDSMAN LTD ACN 057 634 787 TELEPHONE +61 3 8600 8700 FACSIMILE +61 3 8600 8797 FREECALL™ 1800 062 058 FREEFAX™ 1800 630 614 TTY 1800 675 692 TRANSLATOR & INTERPRETER SERVICE 131 450 WEBSITE www.tio.com.au PO BOX 276 COLLINS STREEET WEST, MELBOURNE VICTORIA 8007 AUSTRALIA LEVEL 15, 114 WILLIAM STREET, MELBOURNE VICTORIA 3000 AUSTRALIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY OMBUDSMAN 1998-99 Annual Report CONTENTS 1998-99 AT A GLANCE 2 STATEMENT FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF COUNCIL 4 STATEMENT FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD 6 OMBUDSMAN’S OVERVIEW 8 TIO OPERATIONS 10 COMPLAINT HANDLING 16 TELEPHONE SERVICE INVESTIGATION ISSUES 20 INTERNET SERVICE INVESTIGATION ISSUES 32 PROFILE OF COMPLAINANTS 36 GLOSSARY 40 MEMBERSHIP LIST 42 DIRECTORS’ REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 50 Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman ANNUAL REPORT 1998-1999 1 1998-99 AT A GLANCE TIO membership increased by 62% to number 866 Total number of complaints increased by 23.5%, numbering 64,394 1998-99 saw a continued rise in the number and complexity of complaints lodged with the TIO. The total number of complaints handled by the TIO increased by 23.5% to 64,394. Because some cases include more than one issue, a total of 67,023 issues were raised by complainants. The continued increase in complaint Total number of complaints numbers is mostly due to greater public An increase of 23.5% over the awareness of the TIO, compensation previous year, includes 10,258 available under the Customer Service non-allocated complaints.
    [Show full text]
  • Internet Access in Rural Areas: Brake Or Stimulus As Post-Covid-19 Opportunity?
    sustainability Article Internet Access in Rural Areas: Brake or Stimulus as Post-Covid-19 Opportunity? Irune Ruiz-Martínez * and Javier Esparcia Research Institute for Local Development, University of Valencia, Carrer del Serpis 29, 46022 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 September 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020; Published: 18 November 2020 Abstract: The lack of internet access in most rural areas has become a challenge worldwide. The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted trends such as teleworking and e-commerce, meaning an opportunity for the local economy of these areas, but with serious difficulties in carrying it out. This paper aims to detect this lack of internet in inland areas of the region of Valencia through local actors, in order to identify clear priorities and real needs through an explorative and replicable approach based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The main findings suggest that there are different patterns in the rural internet access related to adequate infrastructure and planned actions by local councils. In this way, a multitude of contextual elements have emerged that influence the importance of efficient access to the internet in rural areas. It is essential to know the real needs and demands of the population before implementing plans and programs that may not be relevant for the actors involved in territorial development. Keywords: depopulation; rural-urban; internet access 1. Introduction Depopulation and rural–urban inequalities are determining the course of public decisions. Local, provincial or regional administrations have been trying to implement measures and initiatives such as rural hubs [1], and to respond to another of the demands that is most notably unsatisfied.
    [Show full text]
  • Ofcom: the Effectiveness of Converged Regulation
    House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts Ofcom: the effectiveness of converged regulation Twentieth Report of Session 2010-11 Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 1 February 2011 HC 688 Published on 10 February 2011 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £13.50 The Committee of Public Accounts The Committee of Public Accounts is appointed by the House of Commons to examine “the accounts showing the appropriation of the sums granted by Parliament to meet the public expenditure, and of such other accounts laid before Parliament as the committee may think fit” (Standing Order No 148). Current membership Rt Hon Margaret Hodge (Labour, Barking) (Chair) Mr Richard Bacon (Conservative, South Norfolk) Mr Stephen Barclay (Conservative, North East Cambridgeshire) Dr Stella Creasy (Labour/Cooperative, Walthamstow) Jackie Doyle-Price (Conservative, Thurrock) Justine Greening (Conservative, Putney) Matthew Hancock (Conservative, West Suffolk) Chris Heaton-Harris (Conservative, Daventry) Joseph Johnson (Conservative, Orpington) Rt Hon Mrs Anne McGuire (Labour, Stirling) Mr Austin Mitchell (Labour, Great Grimsby) Nick Smith (Labour, Blaenau Gwent) Ian Swales (Liberal Democrats, Redcar) James Wharton (Conservative, Stockton South) The following member was also a member of the committee during the parliament: Eric Joyce (Labour, Falkirk) Powers Powers of the Committee of Public Accounts are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 148. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publication The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House.
    [Show full text]
  • Broadband Internet's Value for Rural America
    United States Department of Agriculture Broadband Internet’s Economic Research Value for Rural America Service Economic Peter Stenberg, Mitchell Morehart, Stephen Vogel, Research John Cromartie, Vince Breneman, and Dennis Brown Report Number 78 August 2009 da.gov .us rs .e w Visit Our Website To Learn More! w w www.ers.usda.gov National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Broadband Internet’s value for rural America. (Economic research report (United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service); no. 78) 1. Internet—Economic aspects—United States. 2. Rural development—United States. I. Stenberg, Peter. II. United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. III. Title. HF54.56 Photo credits: Jupiterimages, Corbis, and Eyewire The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and, where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W.,
    [Show full text]