Postgrad

25TH ANNIVERSARY YEAR ASSOCIATION OF ALUMNI SIR GEORGE WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY MONTREAL

AUTUMN ISSUE OCTOBER 1962 • • This folder could open the doors of higher education to thousands of high-school students

Er the average family, the cost this life-insured programme, of putting a boy or girl through parents with children now in college poses quite a financial high school can select a plan to problem. Even with the help of pay for a university education scholarships or bursaries, most by monthly instalments they parents find the financial bur­ can afford to make without den a heavy one. That is why hardship. If you would like to the Bank of Montreal has intro­ receive a copy of our folder on duced its University Education the subject, you are invited to fill in and mail the coupon be­ "MY DANH" Programme, □ which is covered low. If you would like to have roJM1woNCANA01ANs in detail in the additional copies, just mention r;Wi"i1 folder illustrat- the number needed and we'll be ~ ed here. Under happy to provide them.

BANK OF MONTREAL UNIVERSITY EDUCATIO PROGRAMME ,------7 1 Please send me, without I I BANK OF MONTREAL obligation, ...... copies of I Public Relations Department, your folder on the B of M I P.O. Box 6002, I Montreal University Education Pro- I gramme. I

I NAME ______I I I I ADDRESS______I I CITV______PROV . ______I L ______-= 1 Postgrad IN THIS ISSUE ... VOLUME 18, NUMBER 3 OCTOBER, 1962

EDITORIAL...... 4 AUTUMN ISSUE

SGWU HONOURED WITH HENRY MARSHALL TORY AWARD.. 4

CONSTRUCTION PLANS FOR NEW BUILDING . 6

WHATEVER HAPPENED TO ...... 8

CORRIDOR ECHOES- THIS MO TH- THE LIBRARY ...... 11 PUBLICATIONS COMJ\HTTEE OF THE ASSOCIATION OF ALUMNI : AFRICAN DISCRIMINATlON IN COLONIAL Chairman EDUCATION ...... 12 BARRY CRA COWER (B.Com., '61 ) OTTAWA ALUMNI CHAPTER ...... 15 Postgrad Editor-in-chief STANLEY ASHER (B.A. '53, M.A. ) MEET YOUR ALUMNI: BEVERLEE FELDMAN . 16

Assistant Editor TEACHER TALK...... 17 MILAN MORAVEC (B. Com. '61)

USA Vs USSR- A CLOAK OF DECEPTION Associate Editor (b y Ben G lassman) . 18 ESTY FELDMA

"NATIONALISM AND AFTER"- Financial Adviser 4th Annual Sen~inar on International Affah·s . .. 21 MELVIN ZWAIG (B. Com.) (RIDDELL, STEAD, GRAHAM, H UT CHISON) PAPERPACK PREVIEW ...... 23 Advertising ARCHIE E. FILTEAU • BOARD OF DIRECTORS P ublished by The PublicaLions Commission of Lhe AssociaLion of Alumni, ASSOCIATION OF ALUMNI Sir George Willia ms University, MonLrcal 25, Quebec, Canada. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, N icholas Grycan (Comm. '50); Any portion of this periodical may be reproduced providing Lhat crediL is 1st Vice President, J . G. Bradley, (Comm. '52) ; 2nd Vice President, Richard given to "PosTGRAD, Association of Alumni, Sir George Williams University." G. Thompson (ArLB '53) ; SecreLary, John Ha nna n (Comm. '53); Treasurer, Copyright by the AssociaLion of Alumni. The views a nd opinions herein Larry Nachshen (Comm. '59) ; Past President, Gerald B. M iller (Arts '53). expressed do not necessarily represent the official opinion of the Association of Alumni. BOARD OF DIRECTORS: Stanley Asher, (ArLs '53) ; Gordon C. Donald­ son, (ArLs '45) ; Maurice Gold, (Comm. '50); Robert Hayes, (ArLs '50) ; R. C . Address all communications to: PosTGRAD, ASSOCIATION OF ALUMNI. J onas (ArLs '43) ; Les Melia (ArLs '58); Gordon M ullin, (ArLs '56); Bernard H . SIR GEORGE WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY, 1435 DRUMMOND STREET, Oliver (Arts '53) ; Roland Picard, (Sc. '46) ; Peter Pitsiladis, (Comm. '58) ; MONTREAL 25, QUEBEC, CANADA. Malcolm Sanders (Sc. '58) ; Frank Stannard (Sc. '45); M iss Frances Williams (Sc. '56) ; Glenn Wood (ArLs '45). Published quarterly in the months of April, June, September a nd December. PrinLed for Lhe puhlisheT hy Canadian Printing and LiLhographlng Company EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR : Joh n M . Ferguson (Arts '49). LLd. , 5670 Chauveau St., Montreal 5. AuLhorized as Second Class Mail, PosL Office D eparLment, Ottawa. GRAD CLASS R EPR ESENTATIVE: Miss Judy Judges (Sc. '62).

3 EDITORIAL pre pared b y the Alumni Asso ciation It's a shame, in many ways, that which outlined the work of Sir G eorge the n e w building program has b een Of prime importance is the n e w in e ve ning education. " The facilities delayed for a year. W e should have honour bestowed upon our Dr. Hall. of this, the only University offe1·ing hoped that both the city adminis tra­ Georgian e ditor ]Waurice Poteet a nd these courses on s uch a large scale, are tion, whose zoning laws Sit- G eorge i s his staff expressed our feelings ve1·y sorel y taxed, a s you have h e ard, but appru·en tly viola ting, and the U ni­ well, and w e quote: the amount of a ssistance made avail­ ver sity itself, could work out these Sir George has cause once a gain to able to the U nlvet·sity for the canying difficulties. As long a s the burgeoning b e proud of its Prin cipal Emedtus , on of this work is presently calculated student population in the Montreal Dr. II. F . Hall. Last Friday at M cGill upon the day-s tudent population area continues at this rate, any cleJa y U niver sity Dr. Hall r eceived the hon­ which forn1s onJy one- third of the can b e unfortunate for a good 1na'n y ourary Doctora t e of Laws d egr ee. under graduate body. " The lnief went s tudents . H er e ' s to quick solution of This is one of the high est honou1·s on to urge a r e -definition of "stude nt" this zoning problem . a s the t erm is now u sed in Quebec that M cGill can b estow; we feel that gove1·nmc nt circles . this public r ecognition of a gr eat man who still 1·e tains Lt·u c Chris tian mod­ The brief also recomme nded the SGWU HO OURED BY CAAE esty, was obviously well d eserved. d eduction of evening stude nts' fees fro1n income tax . . . there would b e Sir George Williams U ni versity received some thing to look forwa1·d to, N ight Two iinportant 1·e ports may have Owls ! ... Altogether , a fine and t im ely the H enry M arshall Tory Award at the ,·ca ch ed you in t h e r ecent mail; or, rep or t on Sir George's status in edu­ Learned Societies, meeting held in June pet·haps , you may have been told cation. 1962 at McMaster University. Professor about them . Both documents, The The Self-S tudy ·re po,·t, was a weigh­ Cl.inch accepted the award on behalf of S ubn1ission of the Asso ciat;on of ty one - almost fifty t ype w,·i tte n Dr. H all who was invol ed in Convocatiou Alumni to the Roya] Co1nmission on pages, ancl represented tre1ne ndou s Education, and the Final Self-Study work on the p a rt of P eter Pitsilaclis ceremonies. Tile a ward, p resented h y t be R eport, s n_bmitte cl to t h e Executive ancl hls a ssociates. Evc 1· y facet of the Canadian Association for Adult E duca­ Com01ittee and the Boa1·cl of Di1·ec­ Association's a c tivities has b een ex­ lion was established to honor and recog­ to,·s, s how Sir G eorge's g ,·owing inter­ plored in this _;,,onu,nen t al wodc . . . ni ze a distinguished cont ribution to Adult est in imp1·o vem e n t . In the case of U nive rs ity E ndo wmen t : clu es or an­ the S ubmission to the Royal Com­ nual 1,riving .. . futu1·e r e unions ... Education in Canada. The award was in mission, the imp1·ove 1n e nts s u ggested Alumni placem ent .. . and the Ad­ the fo rm of a cheque lo purchase a pain t­ are external ; i n the Self-S tudy R epo1·t, ministration of the Associ a tion itsel f. ing for t he Uni ve rsit-y. a r e -organization of the thinking ancl W e hope that not too long a p e1·iocl of Henry Marshall T ory was an outstand­ acting processes of ·the Association is tinie will pass until the 1·eeoinmencla­ fully outlined. tions and p lans i n this r e port are ing fi gure in the fi eld of Higher E ducation The Royal Commission r ead a brie f r ealities. in Canada. .. •

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5 CONSTRUCTION PLANS ANNOUNCED, GRADUATE COURSES TABLED

Academic work at the graduate level in the evening di vision, has now reached the A matter of constant concern is that of Sir George Williams bas been approved " in maximum of the university's accommoda­ bursaries and scholarships. The opening principle only and on the understanding tion unless Friday evenings and Saturday of the Provincial bursaries to arts students that it should onl y he undu taken if the mornings are utilized, and consideration has greatly assisted many more of our extent and quality of the basic undergra­ is now being given to operating a da)' students in the day division. \Ve are duate programs will not suffer thereby," it program during the summer months. grateful to friendl y institutions and indi­ was reported in April. The annual report continues: viduals who have established scholarships At present, it was noted, there is no During 1961 attention was given to the but many more can be used. The establish­ intention of initiating graduate work until university's curriculum. In the first place, ment of the J . H. Andrews Scholarship the physical development, accompanied courses and course content in several and those of the R oyal Albert Lodge and by some degree of re-organization and departments were reviewed. Secondly, Tonche, R oss, Bailey and Smart are par­ extension, is accomplished. various groups, including faculty council, ticularly appreciated. It was also announced a t the annual made studies and recommenda tions with Much interest has been developed in meeting of the Young M en's Christian regard to three areas of development; the fi eld of educational television. The Associal ion of Montreal that construction (a) honors cmu-ses, (b) graduate work, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation has of the first unit of SGWU's proposed (c) engineering. invited the university to present certain $1,000,000-a-floor extension will get un­ The honors curriculum will demand a programs and has urged us to co-operate derway in the spring of next year. very high degree of performance, and in the presentation of courses. A seven­ The new structure, expected to be 10 will involve a greater degree of specializa­ week seri es entitled "University" in the stories high, will be located on a 53,000- tion than our majors, which have been in fall of 1961 gave our staff considerable squa,•e-foot site on the north sid e of operation for many years, but ,viii still experience. Plans are now being developed Burnside St. , between Bishop and 1cKay preserve the general core requirements in for the offering of a credit co urse in the Sts. The land has been purchased. the fi eld of the degree (art , science, or fall of 1962. This will probably be a cour e The development will permit the uni­ commerce). in Shakespeare. With its long tradition of versity to expand the day divis ion to The demand has become so great for part-time education Sir George William · 5,000 students and the evening to 12,000 admission to first year tha t there is danger should certainly experiment with projects by 1970. It is expected that the new of filling up the a vailable places before new to meet community educational needs quarters will be available for use in the high school graduates in any given year through this new medium. fall of 1965. receive their high school leaving results Staff changes involved seven new ap­ R egarding the expansion, F . G. Hub­ earl y in August. We are watching the pointments to the full-time faculty which bard, 'Y ' general secretary, reported at experiment of M cG ill Uni versity, in became effecti ve in the fall of 1961. D ean the annual meeting that "consid erable conducting special admission examinations R . C. Rae was appointed vice-principal discussion with the city regarding building with a great deal of interest and the and dean from January 1, 1961. Associate regulations, and with the Provincial Registrar (Vice-Pri11cipal D . B. Clarke) Professor J . W . O'Brien was appointed Government regarding finances remains." has been able to maintain fri endly and assistant dean from August 15, 1961, and It was announced that approval has co-operative relationships with McGill Fred Denton was engaged as counsellor to and with other universities with regard to been given to the extension of the present replace G. R. Lowe who resigned from the engineering certificate program to the full this matter. This is of great practical staff. R . A. Fraser, formerly assistant degree curriculum. At present, however, importance in our operation. registrar, was appointed secretary of the For many years we have maintained a it is not expected that the first classes at faculty and director of examinations. syst em which we call " mature matricula­ the advanced level will begin before Owing to in crease· in registration, the opening of the new building. tion" by means of which a mature person, who may not ha ve the academic require­ tuition income as well as the government Noting that the land for the new build­ ments for admission, may nevertheles grant, under the act respecting financial ing has been bought, by means of a grant enter undergraduate courses. So great was assistance to tuuversities of the province from the Quebec Government, "Y ' Presi­ this demand that last year group testing (Bill 58), were consid erably increased over dent Colin 'vV. Webster declared:" ... it programs were held periodicall y during the the previous year. is hoped that shortly we will obtain summer months in Birks Hall. A thorough In spite of rising cost, therefore, the assurance of further grants that will study of the performance of students ad­ consolidated accounts of the university enable detail plans for the new university mitted by mature matriculation is soon and schools were balanced at the end of building to go forward." to be made. H owever, former studies and the fi scal year. The total of all income for During 1960-61, there was au 11.9 the general ex perience of staff indicate the year was $2,414,497. It is to be noted p er cent increase in day division regi tra­ that those students wh o are able to pass that with the forthcoming ex pa nsion tion and a jump of 16.4 per cent in t he the mature matriculation test achieve on consid erable attention will have to be evening cla ses. Summer term registration the average an academic standard at least directed to increasing the sources of also showed an increase-14. 1 per cent. as high as those admitted by tbe more. income in order t o meet greatly enl arged The summer term, which is confined to usual high school leaving standing. staff and overhead costs.

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OTHER OFFICES TORONTO - WINNIPEG - V ANCOUVER - EDMONTON - CA LGARY - LO NDON - PETERBOR O UGH - O TTAWA QUEBEC - ST. JOHN - HALIFAX and AROUND THE WORLD Teachers, teaches the subject at Montreal WHATEVER HAPPENED TO ... High. Another staff member of the same CHARLES A. G. PARK, Com. '54, PETER MADRAS, Sc. '61 , and Vale­ school, JACK INHABER, Arts '54, lives in Letbbridge with wife and 5 chi l­ dictorian for bis class, is studying Medi­ recently became a father for the second dren, attends U. of Alberta ... E ARL cine at M cGill; the '62 class Valedictorian, time . . . SAUL ROSS, pbys-ed man at PRITCHARD, Com. '59, settled in ROBERT SALLERY, a summer groom. Outremont High, operated Camp Chero­ Brockville, planning on M .B.A. degree . .. SEYMOUR FORMAN, GORDO GAIL­ kee this summer in the Lake P lacid area ... JOH R . MABON, now of North BH.AITH and MARVIN HELFEN­ Many Georgians were graduated this Vancouver, is Manager of Western D is­ BAU 1 still other recent Arts grad~rntes summer frnm Macdonald College's Insti­ trict Sale for Canadian Chemical . . . who are now fu ll -fledged teachers in the tute of Education. Among them are LARRY WINSLOW, Com. '61 , recently Montreal area. Ditto EDMUND M c- JOH S. ALLE , Sc. '61 (who wil l lec­ married the former Nancy Davidso n, a 1AHO and DOUGLAS ROLLINS. ture at Sir George's High School as well as professional fi gure skating in tructor. MAX SCHARF (recently married under­ teach chemistry at Montreal West High); Larry may be remembered for his Geor­ grad Brenda Handel) wi ll teach at We t­ EARL W. AYRE, c. '61 (also at the high gian hockey performances .. . LARRY hjll High. BARRY CH..ACOWER (Com. school department at Sir George); DA­ WALSH, Past-President of the Class of '61 ), recently joined G.E. in the market VID CADDELL, Sc. '62 ; JE NIFER '59, was recently married to Doris Filt­ research field. ULAN MOH.A VEC (Com. CHANTER, (a recent bride- she and her cber, Art '61 . . . PAM (nee Vallance) '61 ), and winner tha t year of the Alumni husband will both be teaching in the WHITE, Arts '61, who was secretary of award, at ·w estern in his 2nd year of t he Lake ·hore ru·ea) ; WAYNE DODS, ANDY her grad cl ass, and her husband ROSS M .B.A. co urse. ISIDORF BROWNS H UM , HARRIET ORLANDER (nee (Arts '61 too !) are now the proud parents (Arts '52) is assistant director of " Daugh­ Wiseman), WILLIAM BRUCE PATER­ of a boy ... MEL ZWAIG (Com. , '59), C.A., ters of M iriam", an old fo lks' home in the SON, RONALD PATTERSON, (he'll bas been named comptroller of the Asso­ Clifton, N.J. area .. . HAZEL WAI - be at Lachine High); KARL ROHDEN, ciation's PoSTGJ\AD. Mel works for Riddell, BERG (Ai·ts '59), a psychiatric case worker MURRAY HIELDS, DEMETRA XE­ Stead, Gral1 am & Hutchis,;m . . . BEVER­ at the J ewi h General Hospital, wi ll be NOS, BETTY ALEXANDER all the LEY SCHROEDER (nee Parcbmw t), M rs. Arnold Lipes by the time this last named Arts '61 ; P . HECHT, c. '61. Arts '62, and Deiter Scliroder, Eng. '60, magazine is printed ; the date-Sept. 23 ... BOB HAYES, who used to con­ are now parents of Mark Olive r, born SAM GOLDBERG (Arts '55), a teacher duct this column, doing fin e editorial August 1st, 1962 . . . ROBERT 1EL­ at Outremont High, marri ed undergrad work in the Gazette features dept . . . VILLE, Eng. '60, who married Joyce Joyce Weiser ... ALEX LIUTEC, Sc. Another ex-editor, TREVOR PHILLIPS, Gunn, a former Georgian undergrad , is '58, chairman of the 1962 Summer Insti­ st ill at Sorel Intermediate School. He and now with t he Swedish firm SKF . . . tute of the Quebec Assn. of Chemistry (See page 11 )

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10 net resul t is an improvement in faci li ties WHATEVER HAPPENED TO .. CORRIDOR ECHOES for student study, particularly fo r those (From page 8) students who ha ve many of their classes WHAT'S HAPPE I G ON THE in the Annex. his colleague, fe llow Georgian STEVE MONTAGUE, were active in educational SIXTH FLOOR Magazines and :Periodicals, along with - A PROGRESS REPORT - television. Steve conducts Let's F ind Out , the periodical indexes which provide the now in its second season on Channel 12 Campaigners Take Heart key to their contents, are being located in (Saturday afternoons) . . . IRENE the R oss Room. When present construc­ H U RAJ and MARGO GLEZOS, Changes haYe taken place in the library tion is completed the current issues of during the summer vacation period, and teaching English al Northmount ... periodicals will be on the shelves around RO BANNERMA , Com. '61, and construction is under way. These are the the walls, and back issues and bound first steps in a long range plan to increase J UDY JUDGES, Arts '62, recently mar­ volumes in the stack. There will be a ried. Judy was R epresentative to the the size of the co llec tion in the library, service co unter where students can check aud to provide more effective service to Alumni for the '62 Grad Class . .. FRED out issues for use in the reading room. The COOPER, Arts '62, who was V. P . of his tudenls and faculty. They include the new arrangemeut will provide better rearrangement of the interior layout of grad class, makes his home near Ottawa, access to, as well as better control '()f with his wife Margaret, a teacher. Fred the lihra,.. y to provide a periodical room, periodicals- and hence, better service to an increased number of study spaces in is ta king a year's extensive training with students. the Civil Service. We hope to see Fred the main reading room, an additional The library has suffered from extremely study room in the annex, and improved in action with the new Ottawa chapter ·mall work areas for the staff who are of the Association of Alumni ... work areas for the staff of the book order responsible for selectiug and ordering department and the reference department. GERRY MILLER, Alumni past-presi­ books, for building up the reference collec­ dent, also teaching English, John Grant Each of these changes is designed to tion and its services, and most important in Lachine ... DON AYRE now Director meet present needs, but also to contribute of all , planning the development of the of Admissions at SGWU, in adctition t o to the long t erm goal of library service that library's program to serve the students lecturing in Canadian history . . . a few will be an integral part of the university and faculty to best advantage. When more high school teachers to round off when the new building is completed several construction is completed in the Ross our list : BARRY BROWN , once S.U.S. years from now. R o◊-m the area partitioned off will provide President, Arts '53, at John R ennie H .S. The book collection is still too small, but space for the Book Order department, and in Pointe Claire; PHIL SCOTT and of good quality. Since Jan. 1, 1962 about a workroom for the professional staff of STEVE ZAKAIB at Baron Byng; HAR­ ·6,000 new book have been added bringing the reference department. RY HAYDOCK at Dunton; DON its size to 56,000 volumes. It is ex pected T hese changes in the interior arrange­ BOULE and HELEN TANAKA, at that the rate of growth wi ll increase in ment and layout of the library have been Malcolm Campbell ; ROSS CONNERS at 1963. planned to make possible a new and more Lake of Two Mountains; BOB ASSALY The Main reading and reference room effici ent procedure for ordering and pro­ teaching at Rosemount . . . Postgrad has 272 reading places. Twenty-four cessing the new books that are so desper­ edi tor STANLEY ASHER doing a docu­ reacting places have already been trans­ ately needed for student use. By planning mentary series on ethnic groups Thursday ferred to the Main reading room from the ahead, the library staff are trying to meet evenings, CFCF-FM .. . Dr. JOSEPH Ross Room, and more will follow. In the needs of students and faculty more KAGE, JIAS Executive Director, on a addition to this a new study room is effectively. six-week Europe tour . . . Watch for being opened in the Annex which will KEITH CROUCH this month's article in PosTGRAD on USSR provid e seating for 34 study places. The U niversity Lihrarian. by BEN GLASSMAN (Arts '61 ) ...

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11 AFRICAN DISCRIMINATION IN COLONIAL EDUCATION

One of the most deplorable aspects of the colonial In all these areas, there is inevitably universal experience of Africa has been the omnipresent and primary education availbale for European children, diversified forms of racial discrimination and mis­ and not for African. Another frequent cause for treatment which the African has suffered at the complaint was the disproportionate educational hands of the European colonialists. As has been set expenditure per European child in relation to the forth earlier in the report, European bigotry takes Africans. European schools were built on a more on a number of forms. In its most direct and brutal sumptuous scale. form it manifests itself as direct segregation based SEGREGATED EDUCATION solely on the colour of the skin. In a more subtle LEGAL UNTIL 1950 guise it may pretend to be a "culture bar", not a In the Congo, segregated education was, legally "colour bar"; this was the colonialist apology for imposed until 1950. The first crumbling of rigid racial the vicious discrimination in the Congo. In still barriers came in 194,8, when European schools another incarnation, racism may masquerade in accepted children of Asian background, or those of sundry "assimilation" doctrines. Assimilation im­ mixed blood if the father accepted legal responsibility plies a clear value judgement as the pretended for them. "superiority" of one civilization over another in In 1950 this was extended to permit the admission moral and ethical t erms, and therefore assumes the of some Congolese children into the European right the uproot and destroy the "inferior" culture, schools. It is important to note that this was not full to replace it via the "assimilation" process with the integration, but rather a limited opening of the "superior" one. Assimilation in its essence is not European school system to African children. How-. very different from the Cecil Rhodes "ideal" of ever, African children applyi g had to undergo "equal rights for all CIVILIZED men", with the special interviews befor e commissions, which judged definition of "civilization" arbitrarily set by Rhodes not only their educational qualifications, but their himself in terms of his own culture. personal hygiene and alleged freedom from infection. Overt racial segregation has been most extreme in There were, apparently, serious abuses in this in the British territories with white settler commu­ system; a number of cas.es were reported where in nities, and has tended to be reflected throughout all the same breath the African parent was told that his phases of society, including the educational system. child could not attend the European school for health In the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, the reasons, and at the same time it was maintaioed that only non-segregated institution has been the Uni­ the child was not sick enough to warrant medical versity College in Salisbury; the integration at the attention. This happened in a number of cases in College has not been well received by much of the Elizabethville in 1958. European community in Salisbury, one of the most One source of great aggravation to African stu­ tightly segregated cities in all Africa, and numerous dents at Lovanium was that to obtain service in the practical problems have arisen in . terms of social book stores in Leopoldville they were required to events, College events outside the university grounds carry their matriculation cards, a badge of "civili­ and the like. An African staff member from Northern zation" bearing some resemblances to the "assimi­ Rhodesia had his contract severed when he married lados" system in Portuguese Africa. Special curfews a Canadian woman. Throughout the "High Com­ were also enforced against Africans. mission" and the East African territories all educa­ tion is segregated up to the university level, with THE SITUATION WITH separate schools for Africans, Asians and Europeans. REGARD TO FRANCE The use of vernaculars as the medium of instruction The bigotry involved in French colonial attitudes through the early stages of primary school no doubt has been described in earlier parts of the report. In imposes a certain degree of separate sclrnoling, . but France as in the United Kingdom, serious problems African students generally agreed that at the latest of housing discrimination arise, not, of course in it could be dispensed with by the end of six years university dormitories, but in the search for private . of primary school. rooms.

12 Madagascar is a particularly apt example of the students interviewed, the "assimilado" procedure is ravages of the "assimilation" theory. Madagascar calculated to "deny the possibilities of education to bad a national language known through most of the the Africans and prevent the formation and evolu­ island, and a relatively well-developed educational tion of a truly national culture". system. This was crushed in the interests of imposing Racism , then, is a characteristic of all colonial the "superior" French culture. U util 1946 it was situations in Africa, appearing in various guises. necessary to be a French citizen to enter secondary Separate schools, in the words of the U.S. Supreme school, which implied accepting the whole assimila­ Court, are "inherently unequal". Where formal tion doctrine. Great favouritism was shown in the segregation in education exists, a tragic artificial award of scholarships to European students from harrier is erected between children of different races Madagascar. In 1955, Madagascar had 138 scholar­ which compromises the possibility of improved race ship holders in France, of whom only 81 were of relations in the next generation by cutting off com­ Malagasy nationality. Of those leaving for higher munication at an age when understanding might be education in France that year, 68 % of the Europeans created. Where assimilation is the dogma, the received scholarships, as compared with 21 % of the attempt to substitute a foreign for the original Malagasy students. This charge of favouritism to culture is racism in a cultural disguise, and reaps the French students in the award of scholarships by the same harvest of misunderstanding and animosity. colonial territories was repeated in a number of The master-servant relationship which runs through other cases. all phases of colonial society necessarily engenders . Portuguese colonialists take great pleasure in racism , and only the liquidation of colonialism in describing the pretended lack of racial discrimination Africa can make a start at eradication of racism in their colonies. However, one does not need to look from Africa. far to discover that the whole theory and practice (From "The Student", Feb. 1961 ) of Portuguese colonialism is profoundly racist. A distinction is drawn between the "indigena", or mass of Africans, and the "assimilado" or African who has taken on full Portuguese citizenship. By a statute of 1954, an "indigena" is defined as a person Sir George TV Guide of the Negro race, who is governed by the traditions and customs of bis own society, and who has not Sat., Sun., 9.30 a.m. - Channel 6 advanced to a stage of cultural level to permit him \ English 2 5 3 (Shakespeare) to be governed by the same laws as a Portuguese citozen. Sun., Nov. 11 Forum - Special on HOW ONE BECOMES SGWU Seminar AN "ASSIMILADO" By meeting a series of very stiff conditions, the African may qualify for the "assimilado" status. Taking Angola as an example, in 1950 of its 4, 500,000 people, there were 135,355 "civilized" persons, of With the compliments • whom 78,826 were Europeans, 26,335 were mulattos, and 30,089 African "assimilados". eedless to say, the European automatically qualifies for the "civil­ ized" status. Angolan students interviewed empha­ sized that accepting the "assimilado" status obliged the bolder to sever all connections with his African culture and society. If be fails to do this, his new­ ~e ✓ found privileges may be summarily revoked. The privileges include the jurisdiction of European courts instead of the summary administrative procedures by which "justice" is meted out to sc\t Africans, access to state education and the right to own and alienate property. According to the African •

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14 Letter 1,o The Editor Ottawa Region Chapter To Be Formed 7 R ead Street, was consulting him one day he told me a An Ottawa Region Chapter of the Blakehurst, N.S.W story which encouraged me at the time Association of Alumni is to be formed in Australia. July 25, 1962 and has inspired me since. He said a young the near future. Approval of the Chapter's man came to him bemoaning the fact that constitution by the parent body in Mont­ D ear Sir : it would take him six years to get his · real is now awaited, and it is anticipated I was a Commerce Graduate of Sir degree on a part time basis and he was that the new Chapter will commence George in 1953, and my name was E liza­ already 22. Dex n Hall replied that in six activities this fa ll. beth Moffett. My sister in Toronto has years' time he would be 28 whether or not The pro-tern executive of the Ottawa been receiving my mail from Sir George he had his degree. group is as follows: President- Henry and she sent me the Anniversary material I regret I couldn't be in Montreal for Verdier, (Sc. 1947 ) ; Vice-President-Wil­ which I was delighted to receive. the Anniversary celebrations. While I am liam Havercroft, (Sc. 1949); Secretary­ very much out of touch with Canadian Treasurer-Miss Helen Traynor, (Com. I was married in 1955 to Dr. Philip G. 1953) ; Member.ship Chairman-Mrs. Joan Guest in London and we came to Australia affairs I am always very interested in hearing about Canada. Begley (Gravel), (B.A. 1955); Constitu­ in 1956. My husband is an Australian and tion Chairman-Norman H efl er, (B.A. was in England on Sabbatical leave when My husband, young son and I hope to 1954); R epresentative t o the Postgrad­ I met him. H e is a Senior Lecturer in spend a Sabbatical year in Canada either John Millons, (B.A. 1959). Physics at the U niversity of Sydney. in 1964 or 1965. I will certainly plan t o Other alumni present at the founding While in England and in Canada he wrote visit Montreal and Sir George (which I meetings included Serge Courville, (Sc. a hook entitled "N unerical Methods of probably will not recognize). P erhaps I 1954) ; E. R. M. Griffiths, (Arts 1959); Curve Fitting" which was published by will be able to take part in the R eunion. Ed. Lomas, (Sc. 1946) and Eric Norman, the Cambridge U niversity Press in 1961. Thank you for sending me the news of (Sc. 1951). I trust there is a copy in the Sir George Sir George in your Anniversary issues of T entatively planned as fall activities Libra~y!! the Postgrad. I appreciated hearing about for the Ottawa group are a cocktail party I was rather sorry to hear of Dr. Hall's the graduates, some of whom I remember and a theatre night. Alumni in the Ottawa retirement. Sir George and Dean Hall (as well. region who have not been contacted about he was in my day) seemed inseparable. I the new Chapter may call or write H enry Yours sincerely, wish to be remembered to him as I 've Verdier, 214 Cobourg Street , Ottawa always been one of his admirers. When I Mrs. Philip G. GUEST (CENTRAL 6-1565) for information.

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15 MEET YOUR ALUMNI:

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16 Teacher Talk

ENGLISH TEACHER HAS EW METHOD careless or sloppy, I simply refuse to accept their work. They soon get the idea. Mrs. Nellie Thomas, a remedial English teacher in Rockford's Illinois bas developed a new t echnique, Every day the students are asked to turn in written which is being used in a growing number of cities as work, starting with a few simple sentences and work­ the word gets around. ing up to paragraphs and one and two-page themes. "I scan the paper quickly" , Mrs. Thomas said, "and She started with the assumption that traditional if I see any mistakes I hand it back . "It's up to the methods of t eaching English were proven failures. student to find his mistakes and fix t hem. "I don't " I knew the old pract ice of the t eacher taking papers expect him to find every single mistake. I'm interested home to correct at night- while the youngsters in improvement, not perfection. If be mi1lses a mis­ watch TV- had to go. o teacher has the time to take today, he'll catch it next time. Over a year's do a good job of correcting 100 to 150 papers, so she time, I might have 100 sentences on the board cuts down on the -writing assignments. "But the illustrating the use of to, too and two. children learn to write by writing, and once they learn to write they like to write. I wanted a system " I haven't taken a paper home to correct for ten where the students would have writing assignments yems. It's my job to teach. It's the student's job every day. to learn." Next to go were text and work books. "All tbe books do is hold the child back. A fourth-grade t eacher teaches only what is in the fourth grade t ext- even if it is material that could be learned in the second grade. " And those infernal work books! The youngsters fill the blanks, trade papers with other cbildren, correct them, and tell the t eacher the grade. " Where, I ask you, is the teaching ?" The spelling books met a similar fate at Mrs. Thomas' hands. "Those isolated word li sts never carry over into a youngster's written work," she said. " A youngster can get 100 on a spelling drill and t hen misspell half the words on his written work. "Wben my students need to learn how to spell a word, they turn to their dictionaries. " Dictionari es should be given to every child , starting in the second Open a grade. If they were, we wouldn't have a spelling problem.'' SAVINGS ACCOUNT After t eafrng down tbe old methods, Mrs. Thomas started building her new technique. Here is how it at the works: On the first day of school, each student is told to CITY & DISTRICT write an autobiography. "I don't caution them about spelling, grammar, punctuation , neatness or organi­ SAVINGS BANK zation. They are posted on the wall, and they stay there to give the students something to build on. Z 8~ @elf~ AtMM " For the first two weeks the students have to write OPEN DAILY FROM 10 TO 3 - EVENING FROM 7 TO 8 so slowly it is almost a drawing lesson. At the end of that time they will begin to speed up, but their letter More than 50 branches in the Montreal District forms will remain the same. " And whenever they get

17 U.S.A. vs U.S.S.R. - A CLOAK OF DECEPTION

By Ben Glassman

The struggle between the U. ' . and the U.S.S.R. is not so much an ideological war RS a power trugg le between two grea t uationalistic states. It is a battle between a Rome and Carthage, but with no hope of victory for either side. The obj ect of this power struggle is domi­ nation, and the tools of both nations are military might and wealth. During an evolutionary period of forty years the Russians abandoned Marx and Lenin, and substituted Stalin and Krushchev. The U.S.S.R. has changed the concept of Communism in the same way that politico-religionists have changed the religions of the origina l fo unders. The Soviet leaders still use M arxist terminology to explain historical occurences and political movements which could more easily be ex plained in M achiavelli an terms. The ideological terminology of the Soviet leaders is a rationalization which ob,cures the basicall y crude nationalistic aims. T he Communist theoreticians are hard-pressed in their work to rationalize Soviet maneuvers and decisions into traditional Marxist doctrines.

T he same abuse of language may be against the crude and brutal realit y wh ich ted by nationalistic self-interest rather a ttri buted to the U.S. M any Americans hides behind the fa cade of sophistic philo­ than the good of world communism. Some still discuss free enterprise and Democracy sophies. That is the spectre of nationalism. of these nationalistic motives may be in laissez f a ire terminology of the nine­ The U.S.S.R. makes an excell ent study unconscious, but tbey nevert heless exist teenth century . It is an unfortunate human in nationalism. During Soviet rule, both and guide Soviet policies. There is an trait that we apply t erms and concepts to Stali n and Kruschev subordinated world almost racial consciousness stemming from situations which are no longer suitably Communism to the best interests of the the Russia n historical past which helps exp lained by these terms and concepts. Soviet Union. It is still true that the guide Soviet foreign policy. Even a The U nited States has been moving slowly Russians would like to see a Communist democratic Russia would pro bably be but irrevocably in the direction of tbe world, but the motivation is national hamstrung by a fo reign policy developed welfare state, yet many Americans still see aggrandizement rather than idealistic in a historica l past by the exigencies of the country in the light of the 19th cen­ concern for the propagation of a fa vourite culture, geograph y, etc. Democracy a t tury. Great monopolies have affected fr ee doctrine. A Communist Cuba per se is no home need not mean democracy in dealing enterprise to a great extent, labour has joy to the Soviet Union. K rushchev prob­ with other states. Thus in the nature of a united into a strong and effective block, ably has little admiration fo r the volatile nation-state. and the U nited Sta.tes government has in­ Castro. What Krushchev likes is the fear A simi lar self-centredness ma y be attri­ creased welfa re legislation; yet many that Cuba causes in the United States and buted to the U.S. E very incident tha t Americans have not been a ble to adapt to South America. occurs outside the U.S. supposedly affects this new movement towards the commu­ The Soviet Union has progressively it. The American na tion is vigilant because nity rather than the individual. The out­ drifted into a state of self-centredness. It it is self-centred and sensitive about its moded t erminology of the 19th century is true that many Russian actions directly nationalist self-interest. E ven its interes t has had a blinding effect on many Ameri­ affect other states but this is as much due in the wellbeing of other states is deter­ cans. It has kept them from faci ng up to t o the structure of the U.S.S.R. as a mined by its self-interest. the 20th century. In this way the Russians nation-state as t o its concern with the T he main res ults of the struggle between a nd the Americans have been able to affairs of other states. A state like the the U nited States and Soviet Russia have, confuse most people and maybe even Soviet U nion cannot sneeze without ano­ obviously, been t he arms race and t he themselves. But once the terminological ther nation catching a cold. E very action recruiting of states for the rival blocks. balderdash is stripped a way, we come up generated by the Soviet leaders is motiva- Both nations give sim il ar reasons fo r con-

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18 tinuing the arms race. Each says that the of the oviet land mass b y merican bases Ameri can adaptation will prove costly in other is playing a cy11ical poli tical game, is another reason for the oviet frautic the future. If disarmament i ever a­ or is getting an edge in armament develop­ rush after armaments. These ba es have chi eved, and achieved quickly, t he U .S. ment, or is planning a surprise attack. One become less important with the comiug of ecooomy will be convulsed by a tremen­ ide blames the other fo r continuing and global rockets, but the fear in the Russian dous catacly m of dislocation. If the Rus­ augmenting international tension, or for mind still exist s. Despite the vast extent sians had a11y imagination they co uld trying to enslave " free people". " 'iNe" are of the Russian land mass, it ha no major deli ver a t errific blow at the U.S. by ac­ trying t o promote world peace and happi­ ports on the Atlantic and the Pacific cepting an immediate and complete disar­ ness while " they" are the root of all evil. Oceans. This must give the Russians a mament with all the inspections that the The arms race ha · resulted in vast fee ling of claustrophobia. This feeling, U.S. waots. If the U.S. accepted, its national involvements by both the U . . although not entirely rational, is an economy wotLld suffer greatl y. If it rejec­ and U.S.S. R . The expenditure of money important factor in the arm race and ted the offer, or stalled for t ime, the U .. on arms has become so great that it now should not be ignored. wou ld suffer a major propaganda defeat. involve a lmost a half of the national In the U.S.A., the vested in terests wi ll The power struggle between the two budgets of both antagonists. The energy try to sabotage any real or apparent gains antagonists has left its scars. If has rigidi­ and brain of the best men in both nations in disarmament. The pressure groups iu fied the views of both states in relation to have been harnessed to the armament both countries do not realize the price both each other. It has made the view of wagon. Both nations' have adapted to the nations are paying for the arms race. T he leading men and "simple citizens", on both development and manufacture of arms to Russians are paying now. The Americaus sides, bigotted and uncompromising. The the extent where a large proportion of the will pay even more in the future. cloth of tolerance bas been worn to a population earn their livelihood by working Because the United States is more highly shred, and only fear keeps the twin colossi in the fi elds relating to the development industrialized than the Soviet Union, and from locking limbs in an ultimate death and production of war machines. because of the vast proces of automation, struggle. The frustrations of this struggle The neurotic fears of the Russians fos­ its industries have been able to absorb the have created a complete ossification of t ered by repeated past invasions prevent armaments race and at t he same time sup­ attitudes in the political leaders of both them from reaching any agreement on the ply sufficient indu trial consumer goods sides. The gulf between the two great neutralization of arms and armed fo rces. and farm products. Automation co upled states has been artificially widened to a Militarism in the U.S.S.R. can be traced with a free enterprise agriculture suppor­ point where the most that can be hoped to P eter t he Great and subsequent west­ ted by the government have helped the for at the present is a grudging acceptance ernization of Russian armies. It is not a American farmers to out-produce their of the other sid e's right of existence. But purely commu11ist concoction. The ringin g Russian counterparts. But this present this concession is only a t emporary one

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19 fostered by frustration. So long as either status quo of this world is maintained. is done for the greater glory of the state. side feels unable to win coexistence wi ll There can be no peace where there are Flags are raised and anthems sung for the remain with us. If fear ceases before nation-states, no matter what form of greater glory of the state. International disarmament is achieved, all will be lost . government the-y have. The essence of a sports competitions involve the prestige The hardening of attitudes on both nation-state in the nux of international of states. Giving aid to unfortunate new sides has been evident in jargon emplo-yed lawlessness is such that even a democrac-y stales gives pres tige and is supposed to b-y both. The use of such terms as "West­ wi ll act autocraticall y and arbitrarily in win friends for the donating state. War is ern world", "free world", " colonialists", foreign affairs. Man-y Americans rightists fought because of lawless nation-states "warmongers" and "peaceful coexistence" have blamed U.S. political reverses on the living in a lawless world. indicate the dichotom-y that the propa­ fact that a democrac-y cannot compete The solution to this world problem of gandists of both sides have set up to with a dictatorship in innuencing other war is theoretically very simple. It is the propagate an irreconcilable split. "Peace­ countries, The-y sa-y that authoritarian dismantling of the nation-state. Each na­ ful coexistence" is b-y far the most vicious means must be employed. What the-y do tion must resign itself to the fate of and frightening t erm in the propagandist not realize is that the U.S., as well as an-y dependence on other states. It must give vocabular-y. It is especiall-y vicious, be­ other democratic state is not democratic up the determination of its foreign policy cause for man-y people it creates a hopeful in its dealing with other nations. This is to a supranational body which would image when it should create one of despair. an inherent evil in the sovereign nation­ represent all the nations. All the powers Thus two nations have fought to a draw. state. The state does not show the same that a nation need have are the powers The-y cannot stomach each other because tolerance in foreign affairs as it does in now held by individual provinces in a each stands in the other's wa-y, but there internal affairs. This is used as an indict­ federal system. In this wa-y war would is not choice at the moment. The U.S. and ment against a democratic nation-state. become extinct and interprovincial dis­ U.S.S.R . are like two poor enem-y boarders It should really be used as an indictment putes would be settled by the World Court. living in a boarding house. The-y detest against every independent nation-state. Each nation would send its quota of each other, but the-y cannot afford to The nation is a self-centred and self­ democraticall-y elected representatives to move out. In this wa-y our world is poised perpetuating institution which acts only a World Parliament, for I presume that between the hell of war and the bell of for its own benefit even if it means that the worl d would be run democraticall-y. peaceful coexistence. some other state will suffer. Any other form of government would be The solution to this t errific problem of Another indictment of the nation-state unacceptable to most nations. For al­ extinction versus peaceful coexistence does is its narrowing innuence on the individual though a nation might be willing to suffer not lie in the path where most people seek citizen. The term "foreigner" becomes an under its own dictator, it would not long it. No peace can be found if the present uncomplimentary '.'epithet". Ever-ything remain servil e under a foreign one.

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20 Although this olution is very simple in national anthem to the scrap heap of other GEORGIAN AWARDED theory, simplicity does not make the con­ ex tinct totems. FELLOWSHIP cept less valid . But the practical difficul­ ABOUT THE AUTHOR Two new fellows have been selected by ties of applying this solution would be I was bo-rn on July 14, 1938, in Rokitno, the Hagley Museum in cooperation with tremendous. First of all, national preju­ Poland'. During the War years m y mother and I hid in tbe woods, nnd after its c onclusion we the University of D elaware for a two-year dices would ha ve to be overcome. Tb.i · were r e united with ,ny father , and travelled across Eu.rOJle as dis1>laccd persons. In 1948 we program of American history studies and would take generations of re-education cun1e to Canada. After living in WinniJ>cg for museum training. The students, who will and fitting of public opinion to accept over two years we move d to Montreal. In 1957 I entered S.G.W.U., and graduated in 1961 begin their fe llowship work immediately, internationalism. This has been done to a with a B.A. I am now studying law at McGill. are William B. Whitman of Montreal, degree by such developments as world and William T . Kerr of Trenton, N.J. communications, economic interdepen­ Whitman, born in Sussex, England, dence and the U.N. The E .E.C. has NATIONALISM ... graduated from H arris Institute, Preston, definitely been a major step in the direc­ AND AFTER England, in 1953 with a national certifi­ tion of internationalism which may set an This Year's Seminar Plans cate in chemistry. In 1953 he served as a example for other states. Some countries technician at the United Kingdom Atomic see benefit of economic union, so they Students at Sir George have been busy Energy Commission. Moving to Canada, unite. E conomic union in volves ·ome during the past summer months organizing he received a bachelor of science degree in abandonment of sovereign ty, so it is the 4th Annual eminar on International chemistry in 1960 from S ir George Wil­ abandoned; thus a large number of states Affairs wbicb will take place November liams University in Montreal. For the past 6-10, 1962. are reduced. In this way we first reduce two years he has pursued a study of The Conference, entitled "Nationalism history at the same institution wbile the number of independent states, and ... and After ?" , will discuss the ideas of employed as a photochemist with the then we merge these grouping them into ationalism, Internationalism and Supra­ National Film Board of Canada. From still larger groups until there are no more nationalism, as they affect world problems 1953-56 he was as ociated with B. A. groups left. The result is thus achieved. today. The Seminar Committee is con­ Shawinigan, Ltd. of Canada, and from But the beauty of this solution is t hat it vinced that discussions of this nature 1956-59 with Monsanto of Canada. He is may be achieved in a far easier manner promote understanding of these problems now a Canadian citizen. than first anticipated. The trend towards and speed t heir solution. The fellowships are awarded annually union may become an unconscious neces­ As of tbe begi1ming of September, preli­ from applicants who are interested in sity created by economic and social needs. minary registration has been completed co ll ege teaching, museum careers, or by 60 delegates from 29 universities conductin g original historical research. To help foster this spirit of internatio­ representing such countries as N igeria, They carry an annual stipend of $2000 nalism we need a new sort of person. Tt West Indies, Israel, Afghanistan, U nited per student. Half of the week during the cannot be the religious leader who often States and the Organization of Arab academic year is spent at the Hagley holds the same prejudicial views as hi Students in the United States. Since this M useum where students are trained by fellow citizens. There are ir>deed some number equals last year's final figure, we staff members in museum techniques, and Canadians clerics who are in fa vour of confidently anticipate the attendance of at the E leutherian Mills Historical Library nuclear weapons. Neither can it be the over 100 delegates. wh ere they conduct research. Their work old and worn out politicians who were This year the high calibre of our speakers at the University includes classes in the raised in the 19th century environment. will be maintained by such men as Profe - history of science, and a number of sor Quincy Wright, whose topic is "Inter­ graduate courses in English and American It can only be achieved by young men who national Law and Organization as a solu­ history from the 17th through the late are fl exible enough to cast out parental tion to World Confli ct", Professor F. L. 19th century. Their work, including a prejudice, and who are rt-alistic enough to Schuman, "Nationalism and \.Var ", and thesis, should be completed in two years, become aware of the horrors which are Professor A. Organski . " The Development at which time they are awarded a master constantly haunting us. They must be of Internationalism and Supranationa­ of arts degree in American history form wise enough to consign the fl ag and the lism. " the Uni versity of Delaware.

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·with school and coll ege ses ·ion begin­ important poli tica l figures in t he continent, F rom the past to the di stant future-in n ing, thj · column becomes somewhat more Verwoerd and Lut huli or Sout h Afri ca , one q ui ck step- with 43 ,000 YEARS academ ic. o t of the paperbacks listed Weleusky and Banda or t he F ederatioD. LAT E R, a documentary-t ype science below, a ll of whjch have a ppeared during the assorted Congolese figures, and the lictiori narrative by H orace Coon (Signet, the summer mouths, can ser ve a dua l protagonists in t he struggle for Algeria n 50c. ). T hiti one everr predicts R ed China's purpose. T bey a re written well enough to independence, as well as several dozen membershi p in the ! ... GREAT be interesting reading for the layman, as ot hers- asser, Bourguiba, Tubman a nd OVIET S HORT 'TOR IES, edj ted b y well as upplementary reading fo r stu­ more. A fascinating a nd im portant series. F. D . R eeve (D ell , 75c.), t he seventh in dents. A STILLNE S AT A PPOMATTOX a n excellent seri e of ant hologies, contruo ­ A SH ORT HI T ORY OF AFRlCA and T HIS HALLOWE D GR OU 1D , by ing some fine stori es by Isaac Babel, a nd F RIC PROFILES (Penguin. Pulitzer-winner B ruce Catton. (Cardinal, P asternak, Gorky, Sholokhov, and other $l.25 eacb) are two of a Dew scri c. sta rted 50c each), are an in teresting pair or post-revolutionary :Russians .. . BRAI - by t he B rit ish compan y, whlcb has been history books of another location and era, WASHT G, by E d ward Hunter (P yra­ the forerunner or a ll paperback publi hers. the one so dear t o many Ameri ca n history mid, 50c.), contaios interesting, though The former i a well-annotated and read­ students- The Civil ·war. The first-named somewha t breathlessly written chapters ab le survey Crom pre-histori c times to the book, wh ich also won t he a Li onal Book on Pavlov's foundations in this " science" , receDt granting of independence to many A ward wh en fir t published in 195::1 , the stori es of ome of the Korean W ar of tbe former French and Brit ish colorlies. details in st irring prose the fina l yea r or P O\V's, and even suggests, fo r future P erhap the ma i.n theme st ressed by the t he war; the second, more recent (1956) wars perha ps (if one remembers t o carry aut bors, R oland Oliver and J ohn Fage, narrative, i " The Story or the U nion the book at all t ime ), " H ow it can be both expert on African a lTair , is the 'id e" of t he famous war. Anotber war beat" . " deeper roots" of culture t hat Africa's famous in merican history is chronicled I SIDE R SSIA TODAY (Pyramid, heritage exhibi ts, deeper and more internal in THE SPLE DID LlTT LE WAH, by 95c.) and I SIDE EUROPE TODAY t han the few ceDt uries of E uropean Frank Freid el (D ell, 50c). The familia r (Pocket, 60c.) by t he inimitable world contact. The latter book , a seri es or episodes of the Spanish-American \.Va r of traveller , J ohn Gunther, are both revised biographies b y the South Afri can j ournal­ 1898- tbe Maine explo ion, Roo evelt's and up dated edi tions of earlier works, and ist R onald egal (in exi le since t he R ough Hiders, the Battle of Sa n Juan serve as handy r eference as weU as Sharpevillc massacre in 1960), covers all Hill- a ll are t here. interest ing reading.

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