RESEARCH ARTICLES

The eccentric Adder man: a note on the life and works of Albert Franz Theodor Reuss (1879-1958)

LASZLO KRECSAK' AND DANIEL BOHLE2

lEotviis Lorcind University, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Pazmany Peter s. 1/C, H- 1117, Budapest, Hungary. [corresponding author]

2 Furtwiinglerstrafie 20, D-14193 , Germany.

ABSTRACT — The paper gives a short overview of the life and publicist activity of one of the most debated personalities in the history of systematics and nomenclature, the amateur German herpetologist Albert Franz Theodor Reuss, who became rather notorious for the unusual names given to the dozens of new, scientifically ungrounded taxa he described during the period 1923-1939. We present a short biography of Reuss, and discuss his entomological activity (both the scientific one especially focused on Lepidoptera, and his activity as a butterfly dealer) and give a short description of his entomological works and other publications on entomological topics published in aquarist and terrarium keeping journals. Reuss's activity in the Group Lacerta-Gesellschaft fair Terrarienkunde, based in Berlin, is discussed and remarks are made on his habit of presenting live vipers at the group meetings, as well his excentric lifestyle. We comment on the names of Reuss, his strange ideas about systematics in the light of the numerous published critiques, and give an account of papers with herpetological content.

NE of the most debated personalities in Biography OViperidae systematics and nomenclature is the Reuss was born on 23rd May 1879 in , as amateur German herpetologist Albert Franz Theodor the son of Delphina Garbois from , and the Reuss (Fig. 1). He is known for the unusual names famous tantric occultist and head of Ordo Templi given to the dozens of new, scientifically unfounded Orientis Albert Karl Theodor Reuss (1855-1923). taxa he described in the period 1923-1939. For a His parents married in Ireland in 1876. His father complete list of the names and type specimens by was 21 at that time, and his bigamist mother 31 designated by Reuss see Krecsak (2007). (Hergemoller, 1998). In 1878 Delphina Garbois Despite the fact that he published many papers, settled in Munchen. Their marriage was annulled held several presentations and was actively in the same year by the German court engaged in terrarium keeping, all that is known (Hergemaller, 1998), most probably due to the about Reuss are the few works, which have been bigamy. Hergemoller (1998) mentioned that their included in lists of synonymy (e.g. Schwarz, 1936) son was born, and named "Franz Albrecht as they contained descriptions of numerous taxa of Theodor". Albrecht is most probably a Viperidae. The recent monographic publication misspelling, as according to tradition the son "Die Geschichte der Het petologie and received the name of the father (i.e. Albert). Terrarienkunde im deutschsprachigen Raum..." Reuss lived and worked in Berlin. It is not dealing with the history of German herpetology known whether he ever had a stable position at an and terrarium keeping contains only a few institution or company. All we have been able to sentences about him by Gunther (2001). ascertain is that he earned money by selling The purpose of this note is to fulfill this gap, and venom (Anonymous, 1949; Schnurre, 1948, 1956) contribute some further details about the life and and butterflies. Additional income may have activities of Reuss. We also give an account of his perhaps been received from his presentations papers with herpetological content, together with a given at different group meetings dealing with short description of his entomological publications terrarium and aquarium keeping. We should note and works on entomological topics published in that Reuss was also a talented painter. Probably his aquarist and terrarium keeping journals. were the subjects of most of his works (Fig.

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Publications and entomological activity Reuss was firstly an amateur interested in Lepidoptera (see Fig. 3 showing him with an insect net) and only dealt with vipers afterwards. His first entomological paper was published most probably in 1919, whereas the first paper about Adders was printed in 1923. Reuss published almost as much about different groups of Lepidoptera as about Viperidae, both in German and English. A quick survey of the Zoological Record covering the period 1919-1939 showed that he published 34 papers in various small, German, entomological journals. The number of entomological papers written is most probably much higher as Zoological Record did not contain all printed journals. The general working method with Lepidoptera was similar to the one used on (or most probably the working method used with Lepidoptera was adapted later to his works on Viperidae), describing as many new genera, species, subspecies and forms as possible. For a small extract from his entomological papers Figure 1. "The snake researcher• during work. The zoologist Th. Reuss by the study of one of his captive with selected titles see Appendix 1. His works on bred snakes (sand viper). " Cover of nr. 18 of the entomological topics published in terrarium journal Die Weite Welt, Verlag Scher!, Berlin published keeping journals are listed in Appendix 2. on 29. April 1928 (source Museum fir Naturkunde der We should note that Reuss was a butterfly dealer Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Historische Bild- u. as well and probably sold butterflies collected in Schriftgutsammlungen B 1/328). Germany, mostly to museums. The Zoological Museum of the Humboldt University, Berlin houses 2). He never attended a university, but was — as he several butterfly drawers with specimens supplied himself declared — "self-educated" (Anonymous, by him, with purchases documented by letters in the 1949; Schnurre, 1956: Gunther, 2001). archive of the institution as well (pers. obs.). Certain details of his life and eccentric habits (see At the beginning of the 1900's many small discussion below) are known from two newspaper groups dealing with terrarium and aquarium articles published by Wolf-Dietrich Schnurre, who keeping had been established in Germany, with referrede to him either as "Mr. T." (Schnurre, 1948) participation of mostly amateur pet keepers or "Mr. Webb" (Schnurre, 1956). Schnurre knew (Rieck, 2001a, 2001b). This resulted in an increase Reuss through his father. From the accounts related in the number of journals that were published, and by his father, Schnurre found out that Reuss had to proved to be a good opportunity for Reuss, who change apartments very often, as the landlords was able to publish all of his doubtful results and always sent him away as soon as they found out that long papers containing his strange ideas about he keeps numerous venomous snakes. systematics and nomenclature (e.g. Reuss, 1937). Schnurre (1956) wrote that Reuss committed During his publishing activity he produced at least suicide after the second World War, after his 121 papers, short notes and reviews on appartment was bombed and his snakes were herpetological topics. A complete list of his killed. He was misinformed, as after this incident publications dealing with different herpetological Reuss built up a new collection with various questions can be found in Appendix 3. For an reptiles (Anonymus 1949). He died on 24th unknown reason he also published using the December 1958 in Berlin. pseudonym S.A. Sure (e.g. Sure, 1926).

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Participation in terrarium keeping As noted above, in the 1900's the number of German groups dealing with terraria and aquaria was high. Reuss was especially active in the Group Lacerta-Gesellschaft fiir Terrarienkunde, based in ..•„ Berlin, where he held most of his presentations and - • also first showed his captive , most of which •!:'.. ' • • • he described later as new. He also visited other '7.•)v".• • . - Berlin-based groups, such as: Ludwigia, Nymphaea alba, Humboldtrose, Triton and Salamandra. In addition to presenting the newest specimens of his snake collection at these meetings, he was famous for handling vipers with his bare hands. Due to this strange behaviour he was banned from the group Figure 2. Aquarelle depicting two adders probably "Triton" in Berlin (Rieck, pers. comm.). from Serbia (source Ralph Graubaum). However, he became the leader of Lacerta in the summer or autumn of 1935. Reuss changed the whilst handling snakes. Already in 1929 (Reuss, business address of the group to his home and also 1929a) had been bitten 12 times, and probably its name, to Lacerta- Interessengemeinschafi fiir suffered other accidents after this year. Even these Vivographie (Reuss, 1935b). The name incidents did not stop him from handling very Vivographie (description of the life in words and poisonous snakes, like Daboia russelli, with bare figures, but especially figures) was promoted by hands (Fig. 4). According to Schnurre (1948, the journal "Das Aquarium-Eine Zeitschrifi mit 1956), he was never seriously injured; the first aid Bildern fiir Liebhabel; Schulen und Nattufi-ezmde" he applied when in the field with no supply of edited by Dr. Ernst Ahl. curator of the antiserum was to cut the bitten area with a knife herpetological collection in the Museum fiir and additionally consume huge amounts of Naturkunde Berlin, much appreciated and admired alcohol. We also know from Schnurre's (1956) by Reuss. It seems that his enthusiasm for this description that he used to carry his captured name did not last long. After one month, in Nr. 37 vipers in paper bags. These careless behaviours of the Nachrichtenblatt fir Aquarien- und lead to long documented denunciations, summons, Terrarien-Vereine, published on 28th November, arrests and delinquency procedures. he wrote that this imperfect name will be used One of the well known incidents involving an only until 1st January 1936 (Reuss, 1935c). But in December 1935 the newsletter of the group was Adder was on 1st July 1928, in the Restaurant published under the name IFB. (Lacerta)- Figure 3. Postcard showing Reuss in the lick!. in the Interessengemeinschafi fir Biographie (Reuss, area of Munich (source Deutsches Entomologisches 1935d), and from 1936 under a new name IFB. Institut Pslg. 3330). (Lacerta)-Interessengemeinschafi fiir Biologie und biologische Berichterstattung (Reuss, 1936). Reuss probably remained the leader of the group until it was dissolved in the late 1930's due to the enforced conformity of all groups to the RDA (Reichsbund Deutsche,- Aquarien- und Terrarienvereine) which they obviously did not want to be a part of (Rieck, 2001b).

Strange habits In the following discussion we list certain incidents to illustrate the eccentric lifestyle of Reuss. Generally he seems to have been careless

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in Figure 6 was issued by the local police department 25 days after the incident. The police warn Reuss that for the keeping of venomous snakes he needs approval from the police, which he did not have, and is expected from his to keep Figure 5. The girl who suffered Figure 4. Picture made in the post war years, showing away from such the accident. Photograph taken Reuss posing with a Daboia nisselli (source Werner Rieck). troubles, or he before the bite (source Ralph Graubaum). "Rotkappchen" in Heiligensee, Berlin, when a will be arrested. fourteen year-old girl was bitten and severly The Reuss names and his ideas about systematics injured (Schnurre, 1948; Anonymous, 2002). Reuss carried two Serbian Adders () Reuss, who was named (or named himself) the well with him in a paper bag, and put one of the snakes known viper (or snake) researcher and specialist on the girl's lap to photograph her (Fig. 5), which (e.g. Randow, 1924; Reuss, 1935a; Reuss, 1937), later lead to the accident. had some really strange ideas about systematics and Reuss spent three months in jail after another nomenclature. He was especially interested in the incident, similar to the previous, in another local variation of the Adder ( Vipera bents) and dealt restaurant in Berlin. At this time he had a Black with "elementary species" (Reuss, 1925). We can mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) with him, which define his species concept as the individual species escaped from the paper bag in which Reuss left it concept, according to which each individual is a together with his coat in the cloakroom (Schnurre, new taxon. A good example represents the nine 1948, 1956). Luckily no-one was bitten. forms (Vipera (Pelias) berus brunneomarcata Schnurre (1948) reports, that during a visit to Reuss, 1923 (nomen corrigendum Krecsak, 2007), Reuss' appartment, he was told that snakes often Vipera (Pelias) berus ochraceaasyminetrica Reuss, escape from the insecure terraria. One morning 1923 (nomen corrigendum Krecsak, 2007), Vipera Reuss woke up with a Sand viper (Vipera (Pelias) berus luteoalba Reuss, 1923 (nomen he had to lie ammodytes) under his stomach, and corrigendum Krecsak, 2007), Vipera (Pelias) bents motionless for hours until the snake crawled away. hiteachersea Reuss, 1923 (nomen corrigendum Interestingly, he did not repair the doors of the Krecsak, 2007), Vipera (Pelias) berus terraria, but learned to sleep on one side and rudolphimarchica Reuss, 1924 (nomen motionless. berm His captive venomous snakes did not only corrigendum Krecsak, 2007), Vipera (Pelias) escape in the apartment, but some managed to find cherseasplendens Reuss, 1925 (nomen their way outside into the streets. In 1949 one of corrigendum Krecsak, 2007), Vipera (Pelias) bents the local newspapers (Berliner Zeitung) reports of rutila Reuss, 1925 (nomen corrigendum Krecsak, a Adder bite (Anonymous, 1949): a child got 2007), Pelias marchici Reuss, 1930, Pelias bitten by an individual that escaped from Reuss' .flavescens Reuss, 1938), all in the synonymy of home. After the incident all of his snakes were Vipera bears, he described just from the area of taken away by a film company. The letter featured Berlin (Krecsak, 2007).

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Life and works of Albert Franz Theodor Reuss

We can state without any doubt Polizeiriisident in Berlin that his system was really chaotic. Iieg ekton6ITElizei QQ BedasSI7Mden. _26.7. 19tH Ew Fri...NW& 16 Berlin FavallikOMA,, 283 Being 'self-educated' from 750251 (Gunther, 2001) he did not care about the general rules of !Vali Herrn nomenclature, thus he used names F.A.ThecJ.tor neunL Berlin 36 from works unvalidated by the Biuenbahnr.tr.12 Yom Polizeirevier 10e ibt fe:trestellt '-orden, Labe 'ie in Ihrer International Commission on Wohnung ErenzottLrn gehalten haben und eine von dieeen :;chlangen Zoological Nomenclature, or did .a-int. Bin-Bind-metde von dinner trchlange gebisann. Ich meche -io dersuf aufmerksem,,das. deb Halton von gefehrlichen not follow binominal nomenclature milden Tieren der polizeilichen BrInubnia beciarf. Da Eie inzeischen die chlengen fortgeachafft haben und damit der Gefahrenherd beseitigt von Ihnen, when naming new taxa. Set, eehe ich von einer eiterverf.clgung eh, evearte jedoch dens tie kOnftig einem derartigen ... ustand nicht mieder eintreten His names are also one of a 'Amnon, anderenfalls lob gen6tigt litre Bectrafung zu veran- Jansen. kind. Reuss was actually a pet 1.e. keeper and probably named all of his animals, names that he later Voiv441,4 used when describing these Jo, a.. 66.61ali.a a no xue no1116102.:16 11. individuals as new taxa. A good Figure 6. Summons issued by the Berlin police example of it can be found in Reuss (1924): department following the accident from 1949 (source "Reddish 9 , captured in Mark Brandenburg Ralph Graubaum). IV.1923, Name: "Ruthela"...., Reddish 9 captured in Mark Brandenburg VI1I.1923, Name: "Chersea and introduction of new names leading to page-long splendens....". The two specimens were described lists of synonyms (eg. Schwarz, 1936; McDiarmid by Reuss as Vipera (Pelias) berus rutila Reuss, et al., 1999; Krecsak, 2007). Another paper, 1925 (nomen corrigendum Krecsak, 2007) "Europaische Giftschlangen..." (Reuss, 1935a), respectively Vipera (Pelias) berus raised severe criticism as well (Stucken, 1935; cherseasplendens Reuss, 1925 (nomen Werner, 1937), especially for the Vipera bents corrigendum Krecsak, 2007). bosniensis name as mentioned above. Stuchen The unusual working methods and strange names (1935) even pointed out that an editor of journals of were criticized ever since his first papers were the Third Reich has the duty to publish true and published (Anonymous, 1925; Lankes, 1925a, correct information and thus not to accept papers 1925b). One of his most criticized papers was like this one by Reuss. "Canis familiaris var. catus Linne" (Reuss, 1929b) Only three names by Reuss have been (Muller, 1929a, 1929b, 1930a, 1930b, 1930c; resurrected, Macrovipera Reuss, 1927, Werner, 1930), especially because he used the well Acridophaga Reuss, 1927 and Vipera eriwanensis known, old name Vipera berus bosniensis Boettger, Reuss, 1933. Krecsak (2007) pointed at, that most 1889 (in the text Mesocoronis bosniensis) with the of his names are taxonomically unfounded and thus indication to the descriptor "(Boettger, 1888) should be used with caution. However, the true Werner & T. Reuss", and additionally for the identity of some names were to be ascertained with criticism written of Schreiber's Herpetologia confidence; these are available and have a europaea (Schreiber 1912). In 1929 Muller (1929a: nomenclatural existence (Krecsak, 2007). 355) wrote: "Such a venture is almost childish and Probably Reuss could have been a talented and we believe that neither a scientist nor another perhaps even appreciated zoologist if he had serious amateur will contradict us, if we give followed the rules of nomenclature and adopted a expression to the conviction that the name different attitude towards the publications of other Schreiber will still be mentioned for a long time researchers. He was well informed, and read with reverence, when Mr. Reuss will long be probably most of the papers published, but for an forgotten.". It seems that Muller was wrong; the unknown reason, he never or very rarely accepted name Reuss is still known but mainly for the their results.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte von Freundesliebe und mannmemnlicher Sevualiteit im We are indebted to many people who provided deutsche)? Sprachraum. Hamburg: Reuss. literature or additional information about MannerschwarmSkript-Verlag. 911 pp. They are: Ahlander E., Dr. Mime W., Dr. Cabela Krecsak, L. (2007). An account of the generic and A., Dr. Glaw F., Dr. Gunther R., Dr. Hallermann J., specific names, and type specimens of viperid taxa Dr. Kullander S., Dr. Tiedemann F., Franzen M., described by Albeit Franz Theodor Reuss (: Gemel R., Graubaum R., Hill J., Himmel T., Viperidae). Zootaxa 1514, 1-36. Kotro§an D., Kroniger M., Otte N., Rieck W., Lankes, R. (1925a). No title (Rundschau des Schleip W., Stockli E., Winkler R. The photographs Vereinslebens-"Isis", Munchen). Bl. Aqu.-Ten: Kd 2, have been provided by Dr. Landsberg H., Dr. Groll 60-62. E., Kutzscher C., Grauboum R. and Rieck W. Most Lankes, R. (1925b). No title (Rundschau des Vereinslebens-Miinchen, "Isis"). Bl. Aqu.-Ten: Kd 3, of the papers by Reuss have been found during 93-94. research visits by LK to the Natural History Muller, L. (1929a). No title (Vereinsnachrichten- Museum in Vienna, Swedish Museum of Natural Munchen. "Isis"). Wschr Aqu.-Ten: Kd 23, 353-355. History, Stockholm and Zoological Museum of the Muller, L. (1930a). No title (Vereinsnachrichten- Humboldt University, Berlin. Visits were Munchen. "Isis"). Wschr. Aqu.-Ten: Kd 32, 529-531. financially supported through SYNTHESYS Muller, L. (1930b). No title (Rundschau des funding, which was made available by the Vereinslebens-Mtinchen. "Isis", Gesellschaft fiir European Community-Research Infrastructure biologische Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde). Bl. Aqu.- Action under the FP6 "Structuring the European Ten: Kd 16, 252-254. Research Area" Programme (projects AT-TAF 566, Muller, L. (1930c). No title (Vereinsberichte-"Isis", Gesellschaft fiir Vivarienkunde, Frankfurt am Main.). SE-TAF-462 and DE-TA F-1014). Published NachrBI Aqu. Ten:-Ver 12, 10-12. material was also obtained from the Berlin State Randow, H. (1924). No title (Rundschau des Library. The comment of David Bird (Dorset, UK) Vereinslebens-Berlin. "Lacerta", Gesellschaft fiir highly improved the manuscript. Terrarienkunde). Bl. Aqu.-Ten: Kd 11, 313. Reuss, T. (1924). No title - presentation REFERENCES (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. Lacerta", Gesellschaft fiir Anonymous. (1925). No title (Rundschau des Terrarienkunde). Wschr Aqu.-Ten: Kd. 25, 553-554. Vereinslebens-Frankfurt a. M. "Isis", Gesellschaft fiir Reuss, T. (1925). No title - presentation allgemeine Biologie). Bl. Aqu.-Ten: Kd 14, 390-391. (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Humboldtrose"). Wschr Anonymous. (1949). Ein Steckenpferd hat jeder. Bei Aqu.-Ten: Kd. 44, 738. Theodor Reul3 sind es Schlangen. Die Abend, Berlin Reuss, T. (1929a). No title (Vereinsnachrichten- 19.08.1948. 1 pp. "Lacerta", Gesellschaft fiir Tenarienkunde). Wsclv: Anonymous. (2002). Schlangenbiss im Gartenrestaurant. Aqu.-Ten: Kd 13, 192. Berliner Zeitung 01.07.2002 (reprint from Reuss T. (1929b). "Canis familiaris van catus Linne". 01.07.1928), 18. Wschr: Aqu.-Ten: Kd 15, 217220; 16, 235-237. Gtinther, R. (2001). Zur Geschichte der herpetologischen Reuss, F.A.T. (1935a). Europaische Giftschlangen. Sammlung des Museums fiir Naturkunde Berlin. In: Uebersichtskarte der Giftschlangenzuwanderung in Die Geschichte der Hopetologie und Terrarienlamde Europa seit der Eiszeit (Quartarzeit). Mit einer im deutschsprachigen Raum. Eine historische EinfiThrung in die entsprechende Aufteilung der Dokumentation der Entwicklung der Iferpetologie europaischen Ottem unter Berticksichtigung von Gift- und Terrarienlwnde, insbesondere aber eine Chmnik und Heilserumfragen. Deutsch. Almanach Aqu.-Ten: der Vereinigung "Salamander", Gesellschaft fiir FIrunde pp. 145-166. Ten-ariaOrunde, und der "Deutschen Gesellschaft Reuss, F.A.T. (1935b). No title (Vereinsberichte- fiir Hapetologie und Tenlariemmde e. V. (DGM). "Lacerta". Interessengemeinschaft fur Vivographie, pp. 359-374. Rieck, W, Halhnann, G & Bischoff, W. Berlin.). NachrB!. Aqu. Ten:-Ver 33, 426-427. (Eds.). Rheinbach: Mertensiella 12. Reuss, F.A.T. (1935c). No title (Vereinsberichte- Hergemoller, B.-U. (1998). Mann fiir Mann: "Lacerta". Interessengemeinschaft fur Vivographie,

6 Herpetological Bulletin [2008] - Number 103 Life and works of Albert Franz Theodor Reuss

Berlin.). Nacht:131. Aqu. Ter-Ver. 37, 478-479. Erzahlung von Wolf-Dietrich Schnunc. Die Welt, Reuss, T.F.A. (1935d). No title (Vereinsberichte-IFB. Berlin 03.03.1956. 1 pp. ("Lacerta".), Intzressengemeinschaft fir Biographic, Stucken (1935). No title (Rundschau des Vereinslebens- Berlin.)Nachal. Aqu. Ten:-Ver 39, 504. Munchen. "Isis", Gesellschaft fiir biologische Reuss, T.F.A. (1936). No title (Vereinsberichte-IFB. Aquarien- und Tenarienlcunde). Bl. Aqu.-Ten: Kd 6, (Lacerta), Interessengemeinschafl fir Biologie und 141-142. biologische Berichterstatttmg, Berlin.) Nacht:Bl. Aqu. Sure, S.A. (1926). Neue Giftschlangen. Scher!s Mag. Ten:- Ver 1, 6-7. Berlin 2(5), 447-451. Reuss, T. (1937). "Nomenclatur-Fragen" Eingesandt von Werner, F. (1930). Uber I'ipera (Mesocomnis) bamensis der Alfred-Brehm-Gesellschaft, . Nacht:Bl. Wem. u. T.Reuss. Zool. Anz. 88(1/4), 89-92. Aqu. Ter-Ve: 24, 330. Werner, R. M. (1937). No title (Vereinsberichte- Rieck, W. (2001a). Die ersten Terrarienausstellungen und ICreisleitung Sachsen im BDV.). Nadu: BI. Aqu. Ten:- erste Griindungsversuche von Terrarienvereinen. In: Vet: 4, 46-47. Die Geschichte der Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde im deutschsprachigen Raum. Eine historische Appendix 1. Selected titles from entomological Dokumentation der Entwicklung der Hetpetologie papers by Theodor Reuss. und Ten-arienkunde, insbesondee aber eine Chronik Reuss, T. (1922). Eine Androconialforrn von Atgynnis der Veteinigung "Salamander", Gesellschaft fa- niobe L., fn., und durch entsprechende Terrarierfreunde, und der "Deutsche, Gesellschaft gekennzeichnete ostasiatische Formen oder Arten, fur Herpetologie und Ten-arienunde e. V. (DGHI). die bisher zu adippe L. (rect. cydippe L.) gerechnet pp. 47-60. Rieck, W., Hallmann, G & Bischoff, W. wurden, sich aber nunmehr durch Art und (Eds.). Rheinbach: Mertensiella 12. Verteilung der Androconien abtrennen lassen. Mit Rieck, W. (2001b). Der "Salamander" Zwanglose einer Revision des Genus Argynnis F. Arch. Vereinigung jiingerer Terrarien- und Aquarienfreunde Natutgesch., Berlin, A, 87(11), 180-230. und die Griindung weiterer Terrarienvereine. In: Die Reuss, T. (1922). Fabriciana (Argynnis part.) taliana Geschichte der Herpetologie und Tenvrienkunde im stoetzneri m. nov. subspez. Int. ent. Z 16, 110-111. deutschsprachigen Raum. Eine historische Reuss, T (1928). Die Atgyreidae T.Rss., fam. nov. Int. Dokumentation der Entwicklung der Heipetologie ent. Z 14, 145-146. und Terrarienkunde, insbesondere aber eine Chronik Reuss, F.A.T. (1936). Einige Aufzeichnungen fiber der Vereinigung "Salamander", Gesellschaft fir die Biologie von Colias rhammi (Unite) in der Terarienfieunde, mid der "Deutschen Gesellschaft Mark Brandenburg. Mit eine vergleichenden fir Heipetologie und Terarienunde e. V" (DGHT). Neubeschreibung der Raupen von C. rhanimi und pp. 61-94. Rieck, W., Hamann, G & Bischoff, W. Anthocharis cardamines (L.) im fiinften Stadium (Eds.). Rheinbach: Mertensiella 12. und anderen kritischen Vergleichen. Z 50, Schreiber, E. (1912). Herpetologia europaea. Eine EN. systematische Bearbeitung der Amphibien and 325-329. Reptilien welche bisher in Europa cafgefitnden sind. Reuss, F.A.T. (1936). Zwei Prioritatsnamen bei Arten Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer. v-x+3-960 pp. der Atgyreidae (=Algynnis, Brenthis, etc., Schwarz, E. (1936). UnWrsuchungen Ober Systematik auctorum) und Revision von 4 Gattungsnamen und Verbreitung der europiiischen und mediterranen derselben Familie (vgl. I.E.Z. Guben, 22 Jg. 1928, Ottem. In: Die eumpaischen and mediterranen Ottem Nr. 14, S. 145). Ent. Z 50, 373-375. und ihre Gffie. Gnmdlagen zur Dcastellung eines witicsamen Schlangensentms. pp. 159-355 + 1 map. Appendix 2. Papers on entomological topics Biding, R., Demnitz, A., Schaumann, 0., published in terrarium keeping journals (NATV = Schlossberg; H., v. Schuckman, W. & Schwarz, E. Nachrichtenblatt fir Aquarien- tend Terrarien- (Eds.). Marburg-Lahn: Behringwerk-Mitteilungen, Vereine, Berlin). Heft 7. Reuss, T. (1934). Originalbericht. (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Schnurre, W.- D. (1948). Ein Berliner Berlin.). NATV 4, 40-41. Reuss, F.A.T. (1935). No title (Vereinsberichte-"Lacerta", SchlangenbeschwOrer. Die Abend, Berlin 11.10.1948. Berlin.) NATV 34, 434-435. 2 pp. Reuss, F.A.T. (1935). No title (Vereinsberichte-"Lacerta", Schnurre, W- D. (1956). Giftschlangen waxen ihm Heber. Berlin.) NATV 36, 463.

Number 103 - Herpetological Bulletin [2008] 7 Life and works of Albert Franz Theodor Reuss

Appendix 3. Herpetological works by Reuss. WATK 3,44-45. (Abbreviations: BATK = Blotter fur Aquarien- und Reuss, T. (1925). Presentation-Die Biologie int allgentemen turd Terrarienkunde, Winnenden-Stuttgart, DA = Das Gifisehlangen int besondemn. (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. Aquarium, Die Fachzeitschrift des Natudiwundes, "Lacerta".). WATK 7,123. Berlin, DAAT = Deutscher Almanach fiir Reuss, T. (1925). Ergebnisse der Pflege von Curtains honidus L. Aquarien- und Terrarienfiwunde, Verlag "Das WATK 11, 193. Aquarium", Berlin, DK = Die Koralle. Magazin Reuss, T. (1925). Zahme Giftschlangen. Der Stein des Weisen, III. Z fiir alle Freunde von Natur und Technik, Berlin, Veg.& volkshintl. Hiss. Berlin 2(9). 201-203. DN = Der Natmforschen Berlin-Lichteifelde, Reuss, Th. (1925). Systematische Beobachtungen an i'ipera (Pelias) LZV = Lacerta. Zeitschrifi fair Vivarienkunde, bents L. IV. Erganzuneen zu den friiheren Abschnitten II und II a, Berlin, NATV = Nachrichtenblatt Jiir Aquarien- Berichtigungen und Envideningen. WATK 19, 341-342. und Terrarien-Vereine, Berlin, WATK = Reuss, T. (1925). Vergleichende Beobachtungen an einigen Wochenschri Jiir A quarien- and Terrarienkunde, Gifischlangen. BATK 8, 211-215. Braunschweig, ZATV = Zeitschrifi . fir- Aquarien- Reuss, T. (1925). V. Systematische Beobachtungen an Viper: (Peliar) und Terrarien- Vereine, Berlin). bents L. II b. Eine neue Varietat der Kreuzotter aus Sachsen. WATK Reuss, T. (1923). Systematische Beobachtungen an Vipers (Pelias) 26. 455 hems L in Gefangenschaft. I. Paanmg und Zucht; Vererbung Reuss, T. (1925). No title (Vereinsnachnchten-Berlin. "Lacerta".). asymmetrischer Kopfzeichnung. II. Kfimpfe der Ottem, Tiinze und WATK 26,459-460. Liebeswerbungen. Das Signum der Weibchen. WATK 19,295-296. Reuss, T. (1925). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta".). Reuss, T. (1924). No titel (Rundschau des Vereinslebens-Die WATK 28,495. Gesellschaft ftir Biologie in Berlin). BATK 5, 124-125. Reuss. T. (1925). No title-presentation (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. Reuss, T. (1924). Notizen uber Psannnophis sibilians L. (Mannchen) "Lacerta".). WATK 36, 615. in Gefangenschaft. WATK 12, 278-279. Reuss, T. (1925). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berl in. "Gesellschaft Mr Reuss, T. (1924). No titel (Rundschau des Vereinslebens-Die Biologie"). WATK 41, 691. Gesellschaft Ilk Biologie in Berlin). HAM 7,187. Reuss, T. (1925). Presentation-Lautarm.erungen bei Schlangen Reuss, T. (1924). Systematische Beobachtungen an Vipera (Pelias) (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacena".). 11ATK 43,720-721. bents L. 11. Eine neue Mutation der Kreuzotter aus der Mark Reuss, T. (1925). Die Coronis-Vmer. Eine neue Giftschlangen SOdost- Brandenburg. WATK 25,545-547. Eunapas. DK 7,80-84. Reuss, T. (1924). No title - presentation (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. Reuss, T. (1925). No title - presentation (Vereinsnachnchten-Berlin. "Lacerta".). WATK 25, 553-554. "Humboldtrose"). WATT( 44,738 Reuss, T. (1924). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta".). Reuss, T. (1925). No title (Rundschau des Vereinslebens-Berlin. WATK 30,652. "Lacerta".). BATK 18 , 498-499. Reuss, T. (1924). Systematische Beobachtungen an Vipera (Pelias) Reuss, T. (1925). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta"). bents L lb. Eine neue gestreifte Abberation von 11pera (Pelias) WATK 46,767-768. bents L. Ill. "Temperaturformen" der Kreuzotter. WATK 31, Reuss, T. (1925). No title (Vetrinsnachrichten-Berlin. 'Triton"). WATK 665-666. 46,768-769. Reuss, T. (1924). No title (Rundschau des Vereinslebens-Berlin. Reuss, T. (1925). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta"). "Lacerta".). BATK 11, 313. WATK 51,84-85. Reuss, T. (1924). Announcement of the presentation "Einheitnische Reuss, Th. (1925). Die Halsbandkreuzotter. Ein Beitrag zur Gifischlangen". (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Nymphaea alba"). Widerlegung alter Vorurteile und zur Aufkliirung Ober ()item und WATK 34,722. Nattem. LZV3, 11-12. Reuss, T. (1924). Presentation-Votfi7Then vetschiedener Qfischlangen Reuss, Th. (1925). Vorlaufige Notizen Ober eine interessante (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta"). WATK 35,747. Dammerungsschlange. LZV 4, 14-15. Reuss, T. (1924). Presentation-Etwas fiber Giftsehlangen Reuss, T. (1925). V. systematische Beobachtungen an Vipera bents L. (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Ludwigia"). WATK 35, 747-748. II c. Ueber die Abtrennung der Vipera (Pelias) colon& T. Rss., sp. Reuss, T. (1924). Presentation-Einheimische Gifischlangen. nov. LZV7, 26-28. (Veremsnachrichten-Berlin. "Nymphaea alba"). WATK 36.762. Reuss, T. (1925). Ober Kreuzottem oder Berusvipem. DN (1925/1926) Reuss, T. (1924). No title - presentation (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. 9,469-471 + Pl. 67-68. "Lacerta".). WA77C 39,820-821. Reuss, T. (1926). No titel (Rundschau des Vereinslebens- "Lacerta". Reuss, T. (1925). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta".). Berlin). BATK 1, 26.

8 Herpetological Bulletin [2008] - Number 103 Life and works of Albert Franz Theodor Reuss

Reuss, T. (1926). Balzkampfe der Kreuzottem. DK 1(12), 42-49. Sure, S. A. (1930). Bisse von Giftschlangen. Gibt e seine Immumtfit Reuss, T. (1926). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta"). gegen den Biss von Giftschlangen? Unidentified journal Slogan, WATK 17, 257-258. Juli, 235-244. Sure, SA. (1926). Neue Gifischlangen. Scherll Mag. Berlin 2(5), Sure, S. A. (1930). Jagd auf Kreuzottem. Die Neue Rh 25, 6. 447-451. Reuss, T. (1930). Uber eine neurotoxische Ottemgruppe Europas, Reuss, T. (1926). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta"). Mesoconmis 1927, und Ober ilue Stellung unter den Solenoglyphen WATK 23, 344-345. der Welt Glasnik Zemalsk Mus. Born. Heiregoi: 42, 57-114 + 3 Reuss, T. (1926). No titel (Rundschau des Vereinslebens-Berlin. Triton tables, 1 map, 6 plates. E.V.). BATK 13, 336. Reuss, T. (1931). Does venom affect plants? Bull. AIME Inst. Am. Reuss, T. (1926). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. Triton E.V.). Philadelphia 4(4), 109. WATK 25, 392. Reuss, T. (1931). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). NATV Reuss, T. (1926). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta"). 21, 3. WA77C 36, 541-544. Reuss, T. (1932). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Gesellschafl filr Reuss, T. (1927). Ober vermutfiche Stamrnformen der europtlischen Terrarienlamde. Berlin). NA TV4, 4-5. Vipem in SOdosteuropa. DN 3, 639-642 + Pls. 89-90. Reuss, T. (1932). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). NATV Reuss, T. (1927). Beschreibung never Vipem aus Jugoslawien. Zoo!. 15,4-5. Anz. 71(9/10),215-223. Reuss, F. A. T. (1932). Ueber zoologische und serontoikologische Reuss, T. (1927). Sechs europaische Giflschlangengattungen. Zoo!. Schwierigkeiten in der modemen Giftschlangenforschung. NATV Atm 73(5/8), 124-129. 19, 3-4. Reuss, T. (1927). Vergleichende Bilder alter und neuer europaischer Reuss, T. (1933). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). NATV Giftschlangen. DN 4. 127-129+Pls. 20-21. 5,47. Reuss, T. (1928). Ottem=Speisezettel. Scheti k Mag. Berlin September, Reuss, T. (1933). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). NATV 1036-1037. 8, 98-99. Reuss, T. (1928). Ueber die toxo-serologische Bedeutung der Reuss, T. (1933). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). NATV Gattungs- und Artenkunde bei europaischen Viperinen. WATK 39, 14, 191. 560-561. Reuss, T. (1933). Announcement of the presentation "Die Wissenschall Reuss, T. (1928). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta"). in tomer nenen Zeif' (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). NATV WATK 40, 580-581. 16,229. Reuss, T. (1928). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta"). Reuss, T. (1933). No title (Vertinsnberichte-Berlin. "Lacerta".). NATV WATT( 50, 723. 18,267-268. (Anonymous (1933). No title (Druckfehlerberichtigung Reuss, T. (1929). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-"Lacerta".). WATT( 5, und andere Korecturen zu dem "Lacerta"-Bericht in 64. "Nachrichtenblan" Nr. 18 und dessen Fortsetzung in Nr. 19, S. Reuss, T. (1929). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). NATK 283/84 1933.) (Vereinsnberichte-Berlin. "Lacerta".). NATV 20, 1, 5. 296.) Reuss, T. (1929). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-"Lacerta'). WATK 13, Reuss, T. (1933). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin.). NATV 192. 19,283-284. (Anonymous (1933). No title (Druckfehlerberichtigung Reuss, T. (1929). "Canis fanzilicuis var. anus Lime WATK 15, und andere Korecturen zu dem "Lacerta"-Bericht in 217-220; 16, 235-237. "Nachrichtenblatf" Nr. 18 und dessen Fortsetzung in Nr. 19, S. Reuss, T. (1929). Schlangengift-ein Vajangungsmittel? Köln. Ill. Z 283/84 1933.) (Vereinsnberichte-Berlin. "Lacerta"). NATV 20, Köln 12.1.1929, 2, 37, 43. 296.) Reuss, T. (1929). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta"). Reuss, T. (1933). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). NATV WATIC23, 349. 22, 321. Reuss, T. (1930). Ueber die Wirkung des mit "Aspic"- und "Berus"- Reuss, T. (1933). Originalberichte. (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Toxinen hergestellten Schlangenserums, Marke ER, Paris, bei Berlin.). NATV 24, 349. (Anonymous (1933). Druckfehler- Ottembissen in Deutschland. Munch. Med Wschr. 77(20), Berichtigung zum Lacerta-Bericht in Nr. 24, Seite 349. (under 845-846. Vereinsnberichte-Berlin. "Lacerta"). NATV 25, 361.) Reuss, T. (1930). No title (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. "Lacerta"). Reuss, T. (1933). Fortsetzung der Originalberichte. (Vereinsnberichte- WATK 18, 296-297. "Lacerta", Berlin). NATV 25, 360-361. Reuss, T. (1930). No title - presentation (Vereinsnachrichten-Berlin. Reuss, T. (1933). Fortsetzung und Schluss der Originalberichte. "Lacerta"). WATK 24, 397-398. (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). NATV 26, 372-373.

Number 103 - Herpetological Bulletin [2008] 9 Life and works of Albert Franz Theodor Reuss

Reuss, T. (1934). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta". Berlin). NATV NATI/15,217-218.224. 3, 77. Reuss, T. (1937). No title (Vereinsberichte). NATV15.224. Reuss, T. (1934). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). NATI' Reuss, T. (1937). "Nomenclatur-Fragen" Eingesandt von der Alfred- 7, 76-77. Brehm-Gesellschaft, Dresden. NATV24, 330. Reuss, T. (1934). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta". Berlin). NA TV Reuss, E A. T. (1937). Observations on four Species of European 9, 99-100. Toxicophidia. Comp. R XII Congn her. Zonl.-Lisahonne 1935, pp. Reuss, T. (1934). Originalbericht. (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). 1787-1804. NATV 13, 160-161. Reuss, F. A. T. (1938). Zoogeographische Toxicophiologie im FrOhjahr Reuss, F. A. T. (1934). Seidarapan-Ein wirkliches Marchen. 1938. Mit eine Beitrag zur Kunde der Schlangenbisse und zwei (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacena", Berlin). NATI/ 37, 450-451. Neubeschreibungen. Mesovip. morathi, spec. nov., und leopontica, Reuss. T. (1935). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin.). NAT I/ subsp.nova. DA 12(5). 78-80. 5, 57. Reuss, F.A.T. (1938). Mesovipera steamier moraihi. Eine neue Reuss, F. A. T. (1935). Beitrage zur vorgeschichtlichen Erd- und Nasenotter aus Sildfrankreich, Norditalien und der Stidschweiz. Lebenskunde. I. Ein Ausflug ins Miocin (Vereinsnberichte- ZATV 15. 166. "Lacerta", Berlin). NATV 6, 72-73; 7, 82-83; 9, 105-106. Reuss, F. A. T. (1938). Ein Beitrag zur Kunde der Giftschlangenbisse Reuss, F. A. T. (1935). Europaische Giflschlangen. Uebersichtskarte und der zugehi5rigen Unterscheidung von Giflschlangen der Giftschlangenzuwanderung in Europa seit der Eiszeit (Toxophidia). DA 12(6), 95-99. (Quartarzeit). Mit einer Einftihrung in die entsprechende Aufleiluna Reuss, F. A. T. (1938). Die Amphibien und Reptilien Griechenlands. der europiiischen Ottem unter Berticksichtigung von Gift- und DA 12(8), 122-123. Heilserumfragen. DAAT pp. 145-166. Reuss, T. (1938). opera nasieornis (Shaw), Nashomotter. DA 12(9), Reuss, T. (1935). No title (Vereinsnberichte-"Lacena", Berlin.). NATV cover page. including one photograh. 16,205-206. Reuss, T. (1938). Item gabonica (Dumeril & Bibron), Gabunotter. Reuss, F. A. T. (1935). ErlOuterunaen zur Typenfiage in der Zoologie DA 12(10), cover page, including one photograph. an hand von Bildem europtiischer Giftschlangen. NATI/ 16, Reuss. F.A.T. (1939). Berichtigungen und Erganzungen zu !neaten 215-218. Arbeiten Ober Toxicophidier, 1938. ZATV 1.13-14. Reuss, F. A. T. (1935). No title (Veminsberichte-"Lacerta", Berlin). Reuss, T.F.A. (1941). Die Ophiotoxine oder Schlangengille. Ein NATV 33, 426-427. bericht uber neue Entwicklungen und neue heimische Rohstoffe in Reuss, F. A. T. (1935). No title (Vereinsberichte-"Lacerta". Berlin). der Medizin. Rhein.-tivsy: Z 25.07.1941. I pp. NATV 37, 478-479. Reuss, T.F.A. (1941). Die Ophiotoxine oder Schlangengifte. Neue Reuss, F. A. T. (1935). No title (Vereinsberichte-'Lacerta", Berlin). heimische Rohstolle in der Medizin. Briissel. Z 30.07.1941. I S. NATV 38, 493-494. Reuss, T. (1943). Eingesandi DA 4, 45. Reuss, T. F. A. (1935). No title (Vereinsberichte-IFB. ("Lacerta"), Reuss, T. (1943). Ueber die Aufzucht einer neugeborenen Nashomotter Berlin). NAT V39, 504. aus Kamerun. DA 6, 66-70. Reuss. T. F. A. (1935). No title (Vereinsberichte-IFB. ("Lacerta"), Reuss, T. (1944). Herpetologische Rundschau. DA I. 17-18; 2, 33-34; Berlin). NATV 40. 513. 3, 49-50. Reuss. T. F. A. (1936). No title (Vereinsberichte-1FB. (Lacerta), Berlin). Reuss, T. (1944). Die BalzkOmpfe der Kreuzottem. StOrmischer NATV 1, 6-7. Hochzeitstag in einem mtirkischen Waldmoor. &asset Z Reuss, T. F. A. (1936). No title (Vereinsberichte-IFB. (Lacerta), Berlin) 23.04.1944. I S. NATV 4, 43-44. Reuss, T. (1944). Beiufge zur Martina ophiobiologische Fragen. DA 3, Reuss, T. F. A. (1936). No title (Vereinsberichte-IFB. (Lacerta), Berlin). 42-47. NATV 6, 73-74. Reuss F. A. T. (1951). Humming Snakes of North America. Reuss, T. F.A. (1936). No title (Vereinsberichte-IFB. (Lacerta), Berlin). Heipetologica 7, 144. NATV7, 82. Reuss, T. (1955). BalzUmpfe der Kreuzottem. Zoo/. Zenk-Arr. Reuss, T. E A. (1936). No title (Vereinsberichte-IFB. (Lacena), Berlin). 12.05.1955, 10. NATV 11, 148. Reuss, T. F.A. (1936). No title (Vereinsberichte-IFB. (Lacerta). Berlin.. NATV 23, 333. Reuss, T. F. A. (1936). Der neue Rohstotl', das neue Rauschgift: Ophiotoxin. Eine Erganzung zu "Europaische Giflschlangen" in diesem "Almanach", Ausgabe 1935. DAAT pp. 141-147. Reuss, F. A. T. (1937). No title (Vereinsberichte-IFB. (Lacerta), Berlin).

10 Herpetological Bulletin [2008] - Number 103