DOCSLIB.ORG

Stratigraphic Cross Sections and Subsurface Model of the Lance and Fort Union Formations, Great Divide Basin, Wyoming

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stratigraphic Cross Sections and Subsurface Model of the Lance and Fort Union Formations, Great Divide Basin, Wyoming WYOMING STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN FILE REPORT 15-3 Thomas A. Drean, Director and State Geologist Laramie, Wyoming Interpreting the past, providing for the future Introduction regressive and coarsening-up sandstone, visible on both gamma termed the Horse Butte coal bed. Approximately 250–350 ft (76–110 Cross Sections Study Area Location Map and SP geophysical logs, and below the first coal of the Lance m) above this coal is the main Cherokee coal zone consisting of the Cross Sections Uppermost Cretaceous and Paleocene strata characterize Laramide Formation. Sandstones of the Fox Hills interfinger with the under- Lower Cherokee, Cherokee, and Upper Cherokee coal beds. These basin development throughout much of Wyoming and the Rocky lying marine Lewis Shale and remain undifferentiated for this study. coals, while regionally correlative, contain many thick coals that are Tie Well Mountain region. These strata are of economic importance because Tie Well sometimes laterally discontinuous. Cherokee coals are of lower quality Lost Valley (F-F’) they can host thick and shallow coal deposits, as well as productive oil than China Butte coals and are lignitic to subbituminous C in rank. (C-C’) Tie Well Location map showing key features in the Great Divide Basin region, a sub-basin of the Lance Formation D Block-A 5 D’ Tie Well Stewart Creek and natural gas reservoirs. The Upper Cretaceous Lance and Paleocene Lost Valley 49-037-21923 (E-E’) Chain Lakes Sooner Greater Green River Basin. Inset map of Wyoming (left) highlights the Greater Green Bravo Federal 1 Unit 1 (D-D’) 11-5-23-93 Unit 2 Fort Union Formations in the Greater Green River Basin (GGRB) of The Maastrichtian Lance Formation contains thin sandstones, shales, South Unit 4 T26N R98W S30 North C Red Desert Reservoir 2 C’ River Basin (light green), the Precambrian outcrops or mountain ranges (purple), and the Wasatch and Battle Spring Formations, Undifferentiated 49-037-20064 49-037-21329 Encana Federal Molitor Seaver 49-037-25952 49-037-21025 southwestern Wyoming are no exception. The purpose of this study T24N R99W S22 MD Bravo Red Lake W-20355 1-5 49-037-21633 and coals that record the last of the Cretaceous Interior Seaway coast- 49-037-23513 T25N R98W S17 GR(ft) Res 21-31 Federal 1 Unit 1 T23N R93W S5 T23N R91W S5 Great Divide Basin study area (red box). Detailed map (below) shows outcrops of the Fort T23N R99W S4 West Unit 4 1-3 49-037-21186 T24N R92W S34 East WYOMING is to clarify the stratigraphy of the Lance and Fort Union Formations al- and delta-plain transitioning into terrestrial deposits (Flemings and The Wasatch and Battle Spring Formations represent the last phases MD GR(ft) Res MD 49-037-26691 49-037-25987 49-037-25498 MD Union Formation (brown), modified from the 1:500,000 scale geologic map of Wyoming Federal-I GR(ft) Res Wasatch & 49-037-23513 49-037-24914 T23N R94W S5 MD MD in the Great Divide Basin (GDB), a sub-basin of the northeastern MD 4.2 mi T23N R95W S9 GR(ft) Res SP (ft) Res. Nelson, 1991; Gillespie and Fox, 1991). Overall thickness of the Lance of basin filling in the Greater Green River Basin. The Battle Spring GR(ft) Res 3.8 mi 7.0 mi T24N R96W S31 T23N R96W S2 GR(ft) Res Ruddy 1 2500 Battle Spring T23N R99W S4 T23N R98W S1 MD (Love and Christiansen, 1985). Cross section locations are displayed as red lines, and MD GR Res F 1 GGRB, to help guide future hydrocarbon and coal exploration and aid Formation varies from 950–5,200 ft (290–1600 m). The lower boundary Formation is a thick succession of boulder conglomerate and sandstone Formations MD MD GR Res (ft) 5.6 mi 8.3 mi 4.1 mi 49-037-21011 MD MD GR(ft) Res GR(ft) Res (ft) wells used in the cross sections are named by their 10-digit API number and highlighted (part) GR(ft) Res GR(ft) Res 49-037-05934 in constraining the timing of local Laramide tectonic events. Formation is conformable and transitional with the underlying Fox Hills Sandstone, that records the uplift of the Granite Mountains (Pipiringos and Denson, T23N R99W S22 4.7 mi 1500 Tie Well Well Big Dune 8.5 mi 7.1 mi 4.2 mi 4.6 mi 9.9 mi T24N R90W S14 as large black dots. All other wells used in this study are denoted as small gray dots. 2.8 mi 1000 2000 tops, member tops, and coals were correlated throughout the GDB generally denoted below the first coal in the section. The Lance For- 1970). The distal part of the Battle Spring Formation interfingers with the MD 2500 SP(ft) Res 3000 3 Unit 2 1500 2000 MD Greater (B-B’) 1500 SP (ft) Res. from a Wyoming State Geological Survey database of 4,309 oil, gas, mation contains the upper Red Rim Member and the lower (unnamed) Wasatch Formation, the lateral and finer-grained equivalent. Coals are 49-037-05930 49-037-05918 5.9 mi 500 1500 Wasatch & Tie Well Black Rock Crk T23N R101W S1 T23N R100W S9 1500 and coal exploration wells (IHS, 2015; WOGCC, 2015). Stratigraphic member, which was further informally divided into an upper and lower present in the Wasatch Formation (Pipiringos, 1961; Masursky, 1962; 1000 2000 Green STUDY Upper Cherokee Battle Spring (A-A’) Unit 3 1500 500 3000 MD 2500 and coalbed nomenclature was derived from Madden (1989), Flores zone (Hettinger and others, 1991; Hettinger and Kirschbaum, 1991) Hettinger and others, 2008) but were not mapped as part of this study. Upper 500 MD Formations AREA 3500 SP(ft) Res SP(ft) Res 2000 2500 49-037-05868 2000 River 23-1 3.4 mi Lower Cherokee (part) and others (1999), Honey and Hettinger (2004), and Hettinger and and correlated through this study area. Coals are more prominent in the Arch Playa Unit T22N R99W S20 6.9 mi 1000 2000 Monell ? Cherokee Cow Butte Unit 81 3-1 49-037-20176 2000 500 others (2008). Results are presented in graphic format as a series of six lower zone of the lower member, but were neither denoted nor named in 15-22B 1500 2500 Unit 33-34 T21N R99W S23 MD Basin SP(ft) Res 2000 1000 49-037-05681 49-037-05785 3500 3000 1000 Horse Butte cross sections, three structure contour maps, and two isochore maps. this study. The lower zone of the lower member is generally comprised 49-037-26778 4000 500 2500 3000 T19N R99W S3 MD ? T20N R99W S22 2500 T19N R99W S34 SP(ft) Res 1500 2500 of thin and locally continuous sandstones interbedded with shale, coals, 500 The six cross sections of the Great Divide Basin depict Paleocene GRMD Res MD 2500 1000 MD 4.7 mi (ft) 3.7 mi SP(ft) Res 5.6 mi 6.3 mi 2000 3000 and carbonaceous shales. The upper zone of the lower member contains GR(ft) Res Fort Union Formation members and coal beds, as well as Cretaceous 2500 4000 1500 3500 References 1500 4500 1000 3000 3500 thicker sandstone beds and fewer beds of carbonaceous shale and coal. Lance Formation members. The datum for these stratigraphic cross 500 CB1200 3000 2000 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 85 1000 3000 28 sections is the top of the China Butte Member of the Fort Union The Red Rim Member is a prominent sandstone package named for Flemings, P.B., and Nelson, S.N., 1991, Paleogeographic evolution ? ? Member Overland 3000 1500 500 2500 3500 of the latest Cretaceous and Paleocene Wind River Basin: The basal sands Formation (described in more detail below) because it subdivides its color as it crops out south of Interstate 80 on the eastern rim of 3000 2000 4000 500 4500 CB1200 500 2000 5000 1500 3500 4000 Mountain Geologist, v. 28, p. 36–52. 500 CB700 the two members of the Fort Union Formation and highlights the two the Washakie Basin. Hettinger and others (1991) and Hettinger and 1000 3500 Nuttal? 2500 3500 27 CB700 1500 main coal zones. Cross sections A-A’, B-B’, and C-C’ are oriented Kirschbaum (1991) define the Cretaceous-Paleocene boundary at a CB700 3500 2000 Member Overland Flores, R.M., Ochs, A.M., Stricker, G.D., Ellis, M.S., Roberts, S.B., 1000 CB700 3000 4000 CB700 3500 CB700? 5000 Union Formation Fort 2500 4500 west to east. These cross sections cover the GDB from the east side conglomeratic horizon within but near the top of the Red Rim Mem- 1000 Keighin, C.W., Murphy, E.C., Cavaroc, V.V., Jr., Johnson, R.C., 1000 2500 5500 2000 CB700 4000 Middle Fort Union Lower 4500 ± Bairoil 1000 DATUM 4000 of the Rock Springs uplift (R101W) to the west side of the Rawlins ber. This boundary was defined through palynology at the outcrops 1500 ! ! and Wilde, E.M., 1999, Location, stratigraphy, and coal quality 3000 4000 Fort Union 15 2000 (!73 basal sands D' E'!(! 4903721309 26 Fort Union 14 ! uplift (R90W), a maximum distance of 84 mi (135 km). They show 2500 ! 0 6 12 18 Miles (Hettinger and others, 1991). No outcrops were examined for this Upper Deadman 1500 4000 !( ! ! for selected Tertiary coal in the northern Rocky Mountains and Fort Union 13 3500 4500 Fort Union 3 Lower Upper Big Red DATUM 4903721923 Upper Big Red 4000 Upper Deadman Deadman 5500 3000 5000 the variability in member thickness and coalbeds of the Fort Union study, and the conglomerate bed is not visible on geophysical logs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Washakie Basin Wamsutter Arch SUBSURFACE STRATIGRAPHIC CROSS SECTION of CRETACEOUS and LOWER TERTIARY ROCKS in the SOUTHWESTERN
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DIGITAL DATA SERIES DDS–69–D U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHAPTER 14, PLATE 1–2 Washakie Basin Wamsutter arch 23 East 24 e r e Amoco Production Company h t u Frewen Deep Unit 1 c 22 26 C SE sec. 13, T. 19 N., R. 95 W. KB 6,937 Amoco Production Company 25 Tierney Unit 2 4.0 mi NW NE sec. 15, T. 19 N., R. 94 W. Amoco Production Company 7.0 mi KB 6,691 composite log 1 Tipton Unit II Amoco Production Company SE NW sec. 14, T. 19 N., R. 96 W. 8.5 mi Amoco Production Company Amoco-Champlin 278 E-3 500 27 e KB 6,973 GR Res. Echo Springs Deep 1 NE SW sec. 13, T. 18 N., R. 93 W. ) t n r NW SW sec. 21, T. 18 N., R. 93 W. KB 6,874 e a KB 6,783 Amoco Production Company c p o 3.0 mi Amoco-Champlin 278 E-1 ( E 1000 SE SE sec. 13, T. 18 N., R. 93 W. Amoco Production Company GR KB 6,936 3.2 mi Creston Nose 1 Wasatch and Green River NE SW sec. 9, T. 18 N., R. 92 W. 6.0 mi Formations undivided 1000 500 Res. GR Res. KB 7,001 ? 21 1500 ? ? ? 1500 1000 6.7 mi ? 500 P re s GR Res. e Union Pacific Resources n 2000 t -d Sidewinder 1 H Overland a ? y NW NW sec. 2, T. 19 N., R.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Interpretation of the Cherokee Arch, South
    STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF THE CHEROKEE ARCH, SOUTH CENTRAL WYOMING, USING 3-D SEISMIC DATA AND WELL LOGS by Joel Ysaccis B. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to use 3-D seismic data and well logs to map the structural evolution of the Cherokee Arch, a major east-west trending basement high along the Colorado-Wyoming state line. The Cherokee Arch lies along the Cheyenne lineament, a major discontinuity or suture zone in the basement. Recurrent, oblique-slip offset is interpreted to have occurred along faults that make up the arch. Gas fields along the Cherokee Arch produce from structural and structural-stratigraphic traps, mainly in Cretaceous rocks. Some of these fields, like the South Baggs – West Side Canal fields, have gas production from multiple pays. The tectonic evolution of the Cherokee Arch has not been previously studied in detail. About 315 mi2 (815 km2) of 3-D seismic data were analyzed in this study to better understand the kinematic evolution of the area. The interpretation involved mapping the Madison, Shinarump, Above Frontier, Mancos, Almond, Lance/Fox Hills and Fort Union horizons, as well as defining fault geometries. Structure maps on these horizons show the general tendency of the structure to dip towards the west. The Cherokee Arch is an asymmetrical anticline in the hanging wall, which is mainly transected by a south-dipping series of east-west striking thrust faults. The interpreted thrust faults generally terminate within the Mancos to Above Frontier interval, and their vertical offset increases in magnitude down to the basement. Post-Mancos iii intervals are dominated by near-vertical faults with apparent normal offset.
    [Show full text]
  • Theropod Teeth from the Upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New Morphotypes and Faunal Comparisons
    Theropod teeth from the upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New morphotypes and faunal comparisons TERRY A. GATES, LINDSAY E. ZANNO, and PETER J. MAKOVICKY Gates, T.A., Zanno, L.E., and Makovicky, P.J. 2015. Theropod teeth from the upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New morphotypes and faunal comparisons. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60 (1): 131–139. Isolated teeth from vertebrate microfossil localities often provide unique information on the biodiversity of ancient ecosystems that might otherwise remain unrecognized. Microfossil sampling is a particularly valuable tool for doc- umenting taxa that are poorly represented in macrofossil surveys due to small body size, fragile skeletal structure, or relatively low ecosystem abundance. Because biodiversity patterns in the late Maastrichtian of North American are the primary data for a broad array of studies regarding non-avian dinosaur extinction in the terminal Cretaceous, intensive sampling on multiple scales is critical to understanding the nature of this event. We address theropod biodiversity in the Maastrichtian by examining teeth collected from the Hell Creek Formation locality that yielded FMNH PR 2081 (the Tyrannosaurus rex specimen “Sue”). Eight morphotypes (three previously undocumented) are identified in the sample, representing Tyrannosauridae, Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, and Avialae. Noticeably absent are teeth attributed to the morphotypes Richardoestesia and Paronychodon. Morphometric comparison to dromaeosaurid teeth from multiple Hell Creek and Lance formations microsites reveals two unique dromaeosaurid morphotypes bearing finer distal denticles than present on teeth of similar size, and also differences in crown shape in at least one of these. These findings suggest more dromaeosaurid taxa, and a higher Maastrichtian biodiversity, than previously appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Basin-Margin Depositional Environments of the Fort Union and Wasatch Formations in the Buffalo-Lake De Smet Area, Johnson County, Wyoming
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Basin-Margin Depositional Environments of the Fort Union and Wasatch Formations in the Buffalo-Lake De Smet area, Johnson County, Wyoming By Stanley L. Obernyer Open-File Report 79-712 1979 Contents Page Abstract 1 Introduction 5 Methods of investigation 8 Previ ous work - 9 General geol ogy 10 Acknowledgments 16 Descriptive stratigraphy of the Fort Union and Wasatch Formations 18 Fort Union Formation- 18 Lower member 20 Conglomerate member 21 Wasatch Formation 30 Kingsbury Conglomerate Member 32 Moncrief Member 38 Coal-bearing strata Wasatch Formation 45 Conglomeratic sandstone sequence 46 The Lake De Smet coal bed 53 Very fine to medium-grained sandstone sequence 69 Fossil marker beds 78 Environments of Deposition 79 General 79 Alluvial fan environment 82 Braided stream environments 86 Alluvial valley environments 89 Tectonics and Sedimentation 92 Conglomerates and tectonics- 92 Coals and tectonics 98 Conclusions 108 References 111 11 ILLUSTRATIONS Plates Plate 1. Bedrock geologic map of the Buffalo-Lake De Smet area, Johnson County, Wyoming In pocket 2. Geologic cross sections along the Bighorn Mountain Front, Buffalo-Lake De Smet area, Johnson County, Wyoming In pocket FIGURES Page Figure 1. Location map sh wing the major structural units surround­ ing the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana 7 2. Composite geologic section of the rocks exposed in in the Buffalo-Lake De Smet area- 11 3. Generalized geologic map of the Powder River Basin 12 4. Isopach map of the Fort Union and Wasatch Formations, Powder River Basin, from Curry (1971) 14 5. Generalized stratigraphic column of the conglomerate sequences 19 6.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Annual Report
    ANNUAL REPORT 2 MISSION + BOARD MEMBERS AND STAFF 7 BOARD PROJECTS 3 BUDGET BREAKDOWN + BLOCK GRANTS 8–9 MEDIA, MARKETING & PUBLIC RELATIONS 4 EVENT GRANTS + EVENT RECRUITMENT 10 TRAVEL IMPACT STUDIES 5 COMMITTEES & BOARDS + STRATEGIC PLAN 11 2019 TRAVEL IMPACTS 6 R.E.A.C.H. AWARDS + TOURISM AMBASSADORS EXPLOREWY.COM OUR BOARD MEMBERS & STAFF MISSION: FRONT ROW BACK ROW NOT PICTURED LINDA MCGOVERN MARK LYON JANET HARTFORD TO ENHANCE THE Board Member Board Vice-Chair Board Member BRIDGET RENTERIA ERIKA LEE-KOSHAR DOMINIC WOLF ECONOMYOF Board Chair Board Member Board Member SWEETWATER JENISSA MEREDITH KIM STRID LUCY DIGGINS-WOLD COUNTY BY Executive Director Board Member Tour Guide ATTRACTING AND ANGELICA WOOD DEVON BRUBAKER GRACE BANKS RETAINING Board Member Board Treasurer Visitor Assistant STACY COLVIN GREG BAILEY Board Secretary VISITORS. Board Member The lodging tax was originally approved by Sweetwater County voters in 1991 at 2%. Sweetwater CHEZNEY GOGLIO County voters approved increasing the lodging tax to Marketing Assistant 3% in 2014 and 4% in 2018 with over 80% support. LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION. In April 2020, Sweetwater County Travel and Tourism relocated their office to 1641 Elk Street and opened the “Explore Rock Springs and Green River, WY Visitor Center.” Elk Street (Hwy 191) is the perfect location to offer information and encourage travelers to spend more time in Rock Springs and Green River as they travel to and from Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. 2 BUDGET LODGING TAX BREAKDOWN COLLECTION FISCAL YEAR TOTAL
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Fox Hills Sandstone and Adjacent
    Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Fox Hills Sandstone and AdJa(-erit Parts of the Lewis Sliale and Lance Formation, East Flank of the Rock Springs Uplift, Southwest lo U.S. OEOLOGI AL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1532 Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Fox Hills Sandstone and Adjacent Parts of the Lewis Shale and Lance Formation, East Flank of the Rock Springs Uplift, Southwest Wyoming By HENRYW. ROEHLER U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1532 Description of three of/lapping barrier shorelines along the western margins of the interior seaway of North America UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1993 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Roehler, Henry W. Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Fox Hills sandstone and adjacent parts of the Lewis shale and Lance formation, east flank of the Rock Springs Uplift, southwest Wyoming / by Henry W. Roehler. p. cm. (U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1532) Includes bibliographical references. Supt.ofDocs.no.: I19.16:P1532 1. Geology, Stratigraphic Cretaceous. 2. Geology Wyoming. 3. Fox Hills Formation. I. Geological Survey (U.S.). II. Title. III. Series. QE688.R64 1993 551.7T09787 dc20 92-36645 CIP For sale by USGS Map Distribution Box 25286, Building 810 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract......................................................................................... 1 Stratigraphy Continued Introduction................................................................................... 1 Formations exposed on the east flank of the Rock Springs Description and accessibility of the study area ................
    [Show full text]
  • Related Magmatism in the Upper Wind River Basin, Wyoming (USA), GEOSPHERE; V
    Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: Cenozoic Tectonics, Magmatism, and Stratigraphy of the Snake River Plain–Yellowstone Region and Adjacent Areas GEOSPHERE The leading wisps of Yellowstone: Post–ca. 5 Ma extension- related magmatism in the upper Wind River Basin, Wyoming (USA), GEOSPHERE; v. 14, no. 1 associated with the Yellowstone hotspot tectonic parabola doi:10.1130/GES01553.1 Matthew E. Brueseke1, Anna C. Downey1, Zachary C. Dodd1, William K. Hart2, Dave C. Adams3, and Jeff A. Benowitz4 12 figures; 2 tables; 1 supplemental file 1Department of Geology, Kansas State University, 108 Thompson Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA 2Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, 118C Shideler Hall, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA 3Box 155, Teton Village, Wyoming 83025, USA CORRESPONDENCE: brueseke@ ksu .edu 4Geophysical Institute and Geochronology Laboratory, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA CITATION: Brueseke, M.E., Downey, A.C., Dodd, Z.C., Hart, W.K., Adams, D.C., and Benowitz, J.A., 2018, The leading wisps of Yellowstone: Post–ca. 5 Ma ABSTRACT the issue of linking volcanic events to a specific driving mechanism (Fouch, extension-related magmatism in the upper Wind River 2012; Kuehn et al., 2015). Complicating matters, magmatism often continues Basin, Wyoming (USA), associated with the Yellow- The upper Wind River Basin in northwest Wyoming (USA) is located ~80– long after (e.g., millions of years) the upper plate has been translated away stone hotspot tectonic parabola: Geosphere, v. 14, no. 1, p. 74–94, doi:10.1130/GES01553.1. 100 km southeast of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field. While the upper from an upwelling plume (Bercovici and Mahoney, 1994; Sleep, 2003; Shervais Wind River Basin is a manifestation of primarily Cretaceous to Eocene Lara- and Hanan, 2008; Jean et al., 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J.
    [Show full text]
  • Revision of the Lower Part of the Tertiary System in the Central and \Vestern Uinta Basin, Utah______
    Revision of the Lower Part of the Tertiary System in the Central and \Vestern Uinta Basin, Utah_____ __________ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1405G Revision of the Lower Part of the Tertiary System in the Central and \Vfestern Uinta Basin, Utah By THOMAS D. FOUCH CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1405-C Correlation of lower Tertiary stratigraphic units recently penetrated in northeastern Utah UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Fouch, Thomas D. Revision of the lower part of the Tertiary system in the central and western Uinta Basin, Utah. (Contributions to stratigraphy) (Geological Survey Bulletin 1405-C) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.3:1405-C 1. Geology, Stratigraphic Tertiary. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic Nomenclature Utah Uinta Basin. I. Title. II. Series. III. Series: United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1405-C. QE75.B9 No. 1405-C [QE691] 557.3'08s [ 551.7'8'0979221] 75-619374 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D. C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02770-4 CONTENTS Page Abstract....................................................................................................................... Cl Introduction................................................................................................................ 1 North Horn Formation .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Uppermost Cretaceous and Tertiary Stratigraphy of Fossil Basin, Southwestern Wyoming
    Uppermost Cretaceous and Tertiary Stratigraphy of Fossil Basin, Southwestern Wyoming By STEVEN S. ORIEL and JOSHUA I. TRACEY, JR. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 635 New subdivisions of the J,ooo-Joot-thick continental Evanston, Wasatch, Green River, and Fowkes Formations facilitate understanding of sediment genesis and Jl7yoming thrust-belt tectonic events UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 70-604646 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 65 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Wasatch Formation-Continued Abstract __________________________________________ _ 1 Fossils and age-Continued· Page Introduction ______________________________________ _ 2 Tunp Member______________________________ 28 Purpose ______________________________________ _ 2 Origin--------~-------------------------------- 28 Earlier work_ .. __ - __ - ___________________ - _-- _- __ 2 Tectonic implications ____________ -_-------------- 29 Acknowledgments __ . ___________________________ _ 2 Green River Formation ___ .. _______ ------------------ 30 General relations ___ -- _________________________ _ 5 Name and usage __________________ -------------- 30 Evanston Formation _______________________________ _ 5 Definition __________________ -_-------------- 30 N arne and usage _______________________________ _ 5 Lithologic heterogeneity.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesaverde Group and Wasatch Formation - Piceance Basin, Colorado
    NONTRIBUTARY GROUNDWATER ASSESSMENT: MESAVERDE GROUP AND WASATCH FORMATION - PICEANCE BASIN, COLORADO Submitted to: OXY USA INC. AND OXY USA WTP LP Date: November 4, 2009 Norwest Corporation 950 South Cherry Street, Suite 800 Denver, CO 80246 Tel: (303) 782-0164 Fax: (303) 782-2560 Email [email protected] www.norwestcorp.com 004280 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................1 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1-1 2 CONCEPTUAL MODEL .....................................................................................................2-1 2.1 GEOLOGIC SETTING ....................................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Mancos Shale ..............................................................................................2-1 2.1.2 Iles Formation ..............................................................................................2-2 2.1.3 Williams Fork Formation ..............................................................................2-2 2.1.4 Wasatch Formation......................................................................................2-3 2.2 HYDROLOGIC DATA .....................................................................................................2-3 3 HYDROLOGEOLOGIC PARAMETERS.............................................................................3-1
    [Show full text]
  • Eocene Green River Formation, Western United States
    Synoptic reconstruction of a major ancient lake system: Eocene Green River Formation, western United States M. Elliot Smith* Alan R. Carroll Brad S. Singer Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA ABSTRACT Members. Sediment accumulation patterns than being confi ned to a single episode of arid thus refl ect basin-center–focused accumula- climate. Evaporative terminal sinks were Numerous 40Ar/39Ar experiments on sani- tion rates when the basin was underfi lled, initially located in the Greater Green River dine and biotite from 22 ash beds and 3 and supply-limited accumulation when the and Piceance Creek Basins (51.3–48.9 Ma), volcaniclastic sand beds from the Greater basin was balanced fi lled to overfi lled. Sedi- then gradually migrated southward to the Green River, Piceance Creek, and Uinta ment accumulation in the Uinta Basin, at Uinta Basin (47.1–45.2 Ma). This history is Basins of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah Indian Canyon, Utah, was relatively con- likely related to progressive southward con- constrain ~8 m.y. of the Eocene Epoch. Mul- stant at ~150 mm/k.y. during deposition of struction of the Absaroka Volcanic Prov- tiple analyses were conducted per sample over 5 m.y. of both evaporative and fl uctuat- ince, which constituted a major topographic using laser fusion and incremental heating ing profundal facies, which likely refl ects the and thermal anomaly that contributed to a techniques to differentiate inheritance, 40Ar basin-margin position of the measured sec- regional north to south hydrologic gradient. loss, and 39Ar recoil.
    [Show full text]