DOCSLIB.ORG

The National Archives: the Formative Years, 1934–1949

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The National Archives: the Formative Years, 1934–1949 33 The National Archives: The Formative Years, 1934-1949 By Rodney A. Ross he term " national archives" has three on june 19, 1934 when President Franklin D. distinct meanings in this country. The Roosevelt signed the necessary enabling legis­ term is commonly used to describe the lation. This year marks its golden anniversary T permanently valuable documents cre­ of service to the Nation. The story of how the ated by the federa l government from the First fl edgling agency hired and trained a profes­ Continental Congress to the present day. It is sional staff and coped with the problems of lo­ also used to refer to the monumental and clas­ cating, arranging, and describing over 150 years sical structure that occupies the plot of land be­ of federal records is an important chapter in our tween Seventh and Ninth Streets and past. From a fifty-year perspective it is clear that Pennsylvania a nd Constitution Avenues in the first fifteen years, from 1934 to 1949, were Washington, D.C. Lastly the term is used tore­ the formative years of the National Archives as fer to a federal agency-the professional staff an agency. responsible fo r the preservation and use of the Discussions as to the proper housing for our federal documentation stored in that impressive national archives began early in the nineteenth building, in fifteen records centers, and in pres­ century. Nonetheless, for the first century and idential library units across the country. With a half of our nation's history each federal de­ three definitions it is not surprising that many partment, agency, and bureau maintained its own people are a bit confused by the term "national records, noncurrent as well as current. Finall y archives." in 1926 Congress authorized and appropriated It is the third use of the term-the professional fu nds for the construction of a national archives staff- that is the subject of this essay. 1 The agen­ building to be located at a midpoint between cy known as the National Archives was created the Capitol and the White House.2 Ground­ breaking took place in 1931. On February 20, Rodney A. Ross is on the staff of the National Archives 1933, President Herbert Hoover delivered the and Records Adminis tration. A specialist in the history of keynote address at the laying of the cornerstone the archival profession, he is the author most recently of for this " temple of our history."3 " Waldo G. Leland: Archivist by Association" in the Summer 1983 issue of the Americn 11 Arclrivist. 2For background on the battle by the historical profession 1 For anyone wishing to do additional reading on the Na­ in the United States for the establishment o( a National Ar­ tional Archives the best secondary works are H. G. Jones, chives see Victor Condos, Jr.'s j . Frankli11 jameson and tlu• Tile Records of a Natio11: Their Ma11ageme11t , Pn>Servatioll a11d Use Birth of the National Arcliives, 1906- 1926 (1981). This work is (1969) and Donald R. McCoy, Tire Natio11al Archives: America's for the most part a reprint of Condos's 1971 Ph.D. disser­ Ministry of Documents, 1934- 1968 (1978). For primary re­ tation, with a foreword by james B. Rhoads, which Rh oads search on the National Archives the obvious place to begin prepared for publication several years after Condos's death. is with the agency's organizationa! files maintained by the 3 "Remarks of President Hoover at the Layi ng of th e Cor­ National Archives in Record Group 64, Records of the Na­ ner-stone of the National Archives Building, Washington, tional Archives and Records Service. A preliminary inven­ D.C., Monday, February 20, 1933 at 2:30 o'clock," in Percy tory to this collection, prepared in 1971 by GeorgeS. Ulibarri, S. Flippin (comp.), "The Archives of the United States Gov­ provides a framework for understanding the numerous ad­ ernment: A Documentary History, 1774-1934," (unpub. ma­ ministrative changes the agency has undergone. For a year­ terials, National Archives Hbrary, 1938) vol. 22, p. 63. This by-year s ummary of the National Archives' accomplish­ collecti on of photostats and transcribed e ntries of legislative ments during it.s years as an independent agency (1934- documents, newsclippings, and other sources was one of 1949) the reader should consult the various editions of the the main products of the Research Division during its brief Ammal Report of tire Archivist of tire United States. existe nce. ;-{juardian ofHerita ge As for the agency w hose staff would direct the collection and subsequent processing of the federal government's archival records, no pro­ vision was made until1934. Unlike Athena, who sprang full y-formed from the forehead of her father Zeus, the National Archives as an agency existed only on paper during much of 1934. Not until October 1934 did President Roosevelt select Robert Digges Wimberly Connor, the distin­ guished North Car?lina edu ~a ~o r, archivist, ?nd historian, as the fi rst Arch1 v1st of the Un1ted States. Connor undertook his duties at once, al­ though the Senate did not con firm him in office until the following March. By the end of 1934 the entire staff of the Na­ tional Archives consisted of fo ur persons: Con­ nor; Marjory Terrell, Connor's long-time secretary from North Carolina; Dorsey W. Hyde, Jr., a nationally-known libra rian and information s pe­ cialist who was to have charge of archival pro­ grams; and Collas G. Harris, a bright, ambitious, politically savvy 28-year-old w~o was to handl_e administrative matters, includmg personnel, fi­ nance, and building maintenance, among oth­ ers. Of course, given the fact that the National Archives building was still under construction, building maintenance was a concern for the fu­ ture only. For nearly a year the ever-expanding skeleton staff occupied temporary office space across the street in the Justice Department build­ ing. Only in November 1935 did the staff, now numbering about 120, move into its permanent, though still uncompleted, ho ~ e. By that time at least one arch1 val question had been resolved: whether the federal government would build a separate facility as a " hall of rec­ Archives staff members examine a new nccessiou of photo­ ords" in which each federal agency would main­ graphs. tain a storage section fo r its own records. No legislation had done was to permit the Archi_v ist less a person than President Roosevelt initially (or his deputy) to inspect personally the arch1ves supported this concept, in part to make sure the "of any agency of the United States Government National Archives was reserved for only the most whatsoever and wheresoever located." 4 It would important of d ocuments. However, in the pe­ then be up to a National Archives Col:'ncil, com­ riod between Roosevelt's signing of the National posed of the chairmen of the appropn ate Senate Archives Act and his appointing Connor as Ar­ and House committees and the heads of the cab­ chi vist, oppon ents of a " hall of records" pre­ inet d epartments, the Library of Congress,_ a_nd vail ed upo n the president to a pprove the the Smithsonian Institution, plus the Arch1 v1st, expenditure of Public Works Administration to defin e the classes of materials to be trans­ funds to in the large inner court architect John fill ferred to the National Archives and to make reg­ Russell Pope had designed for the National Ar­ ulations governing the transfer of records. In chives with additional stack space. In this way addition, the act authorized the Archivist to ac­ the National Archives more than doubled the cept from priva te sources the do ~a ti o n of ~' ':l o­ area allotted for records storage (from less than tion-picture films and sound recordmgs per tau~mg 374,000 to more than 757,000 square feet) and in to and iiJustrative of the history of the Umted the process doomed fu rther proposals fo r a sep­ States. " 5 arate " ha ll of records." Precisely what would go into the National Ar­ 4 48 Stat. 1122- 1124, reprinted in First Am111nl Report of the chi ves had not been decided at the time of the Archivist of the Uuited States (1936), pp. 43- 45. agency's establishment. All that the authorizing ~ I bid . THE FORMATIVE YEARS 35 As for how the new agency should be set up, archival work at the National Archives was to the National Archives Act said virtua ll y nothing, be carried out by professional divisions: Acces­ other than to provide that the Archivis t and his sions (surveying and appraising likely material top assistants (i.e., those making at least $5,000) for inclusion in the National Archives); Repair were to be appointed by the president and con­ and Preservation; Classification (determining a firmed by the Senate. The law gave the Archivist numbering system for records brought into the a free hand in all other personnel matters and National Archives); Cataloging (developing a explicitly provided for sel.ection of employees general catalog of the Archives' holdings); Ref­ without regard to civil service law. erence; Research (including the creation of cross­ Connor adopted, with some modification, a sectional and interdisciplinary guides to the Ar­ staffing plan drawn up by Dorsey Hyde which chives' collections); Maps and Charts; Motion mirrored the functional arrangement at the Li­ Pictures and Sound Recordings; and the Library brary of Congress.6 Under the Hyde plan the (setting up and maintaining a reference Library Archivist was to have four key assistants: direc­ for the staff and researchers at the National Ar­ tor of archival service (Hyde), ~xecu t ive officer chives).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • During Track Work And/Or Rail Shutdown Events, This Bus Stop Will Also Be Served by Metro Shuttle Buses. NOTE
    – Bus Service from Union Station Silver Spring Eastern Ave BUS BOARDING MAP BUS SERVICE AND BOARDING LOCATIONS schematic map The table shows approximate minutes between buses; check schedules for full details LEGEND not to scale 16th St BOARD AT MONDAY TO FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY Rail Lines Metrobus Routes t t S ROUTE DESTINATION BUS STOP AM RUSH MIDDAY PM RUSH EVENING DAY EVENING DAY EVENING t S L G d t S n s l Metrobus Major Route 2 80 1 o ARLINGTON-UNION STATION LINE t Frequent, seven-day service on the core i Metrorail H St p H St route. On branches, service levels vary. a 13Y Ronald Reagan Washington Nat’l Airport m -- -- -- -- 30* -- 30* -- Station and Line C B h D6 Metrobus Local Route Alaska Ave t M r F Less frequent service, with some evening o NORTH CAPITOL ST LINE and weekend service available. N G Pl Union Station 80 Fort Totten m 8-15 15 10 30 30 30 30 30 X1 Metrobus Commuter Route Takoma Government EF Printing Office H Parking Peak-hour service linking residential areas Garage 80 Kennedy Center 14-20 30 20-30 30 30 30 30 30 Commuter to rail stations and employment centers. Georgia Ave GN G St G St Railroad Western Ave Bethesda X9 MetroExtra Route 80 McPherson Sq m 14-20 30 20-30 -- -- -- -- -- Transfer National Bureau of GN Limited stops for a faster ride. Days, times Guard Labor Statistics t Q Points S and service levels vary by route. EAST CAPITOL ST LINE Memorial t N s M 1 as E sa 96 Tenleytown-AU m 20 24 21 33 25-30 30-35 30-35 30-35 Map Symbols Routes Operated by ch J us National ett City/County Systems s A Postal 96
    [Show full text]
  • Ford's Theatre National Historic Site Scope of Collection Statement
    DEPARTMENT OFTHE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE FORD'S THEATRE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE Scope of Collection Statement Recommended by: _________________________________________________________________________ Bob Sonderman, Regional Curator, National Capital Region Catherine Dewey, Chief of Resource Management, National Mall and Memorial Parks Prepared by:_______________________________________________________________________________ Mark Nelson, CESU Project Staff, Museum Resource Center Elena Popchock, CESU Project Staff, Museum Resource Center Reviewed by:______________________________________________________________________________ Laura Anderson, Museum Curator, National Mall and Memorial Parks Renny Bergeron, Supervisory Museum Curator, National Capital Region Approved by:______________________________________________________________________________ Gay Vietzke, Superintendent, National Mall and Memorial Parks TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 A. Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................1 B. Purpose of the Scope of Collection Statement ............................................................................2 C. Legislation Related to the National Park Service Museum Collections .....................................2 D. Site History, Significance, Purpose, Themes and Goals ..........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Jefferson Memorial Accessibility Ramps
    THOMAS JEFFERSON MEMORIAL Submission to the National Capital Planning Commission for March 29, 2019 Project Overview Description of Project Area The Thomas Jefferson Memorial is located at 701 E NCPC Plans and Policies Basin Drive SW. The site of the Memorial is located in Comprehensive Plan for the National Capital West Potomac Park on the shore of the Potomac River Tidal Basin. This project is in line with the Comprehensive Plan for the National Capital (2016), specifically the Parks & Based on the McMillan Plan, the famous architect Open Space Element. The project complies with the John Russell Pope designed a monolithic pantheon, following policies: which faces towards the White House. The site for the Memorial was low, swampy land created from fill from • Preserve and maintain cultural landscapes, river dredging. including their natural and constructed elements. The Tidal Basin flanks the north and the west side • Protect or restore viewsheds that contribute to of the Memorial. To the south of the Memorial is the cultural landscapes and the aesthetic quality, busy, heavily traveled East Basin Drive SW. This road is historic significance and visitor experience of the traveled by pedestrians, buses, bicyclists, tour groups, parks and open space system. etc. The main point of access to the Memorial for most • Protect the image of Washington, along with visitors traveling via vehicle is from the south of the the lighting hierarchy established by iconic civil Memorial. The east of the Memorial is a wooded area landmarks including the U.S. Capital, White House, that is filled with paths to the Memorial.
    [Show full text]
  • Blueprintsvolume XXVII, No
    blueprintsVolume XXVII, No. 1–2 NATIONAL BUILDING MUSEUM In Between: The Other Pieces of the Green Puzzle in this issue: HEALTHY Communities, GREEN Communities Word s ,Word s ,Word s Winter & Spring 2008/2009 The Lay of the Landscape Annual Report 2008 in this issue... 2 8 13 18 19 21 23 In Between: The Other Pieces of the Green Puzzle The exhibition Green Community calls attention to important aspects of sustainable design and planning that are sometimes overshadowed by eye-catching works of architecture. The environmental implications of transportation systems, public services, recreational spaces, and other elements of infrastructure must be carefully considered in order to create responsible and livable communities. This issue of Blueprints focuses on the broad environmental imperative from the standpoints of public health, urban and town planning, and landscape architecture. Contents Healthy Communities, ! 2 Green Communities M Cardboard Reinvented Physician Howard Frumkin, of the Centers for Disease Cardboard: one person’s trash is another Control and Prevention, brings his diverse expertise as B an internist, an environmental and occupational health N person’s decorative sculpture, pen and pencil expert, and an epidemiologist to bear on the public health holder, vase, bowl, photo and business card holder, above: Beaverton Round, in suburban Portland, Oregon, was built as part of the metropolitan area’s Transit-Oriented Development Program. implications of community design and planning. p Photo courtesy of the American Planning Association and Portland Metro. stress toy, or whatever you can imagine. Bring out your o Creating Sustainable Landscapes creativity with these durable, versatile, eco-friendly LIQUID h CARDBOARD vases that can be transformed into a myriad from the executive director 8 In an interview, landscape architect Len Hopper discusses s his profession’s inherent commitment to sustainability and of shapes for a variety of uses in your home.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Stones of the National Mall
    The Geological Society of America Field Guide 40 2015 Building stones of the National Mall Richard A. Livingston Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA Carol A. Grissom Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746, USA Emily M. Aloiz John Milner Associates Preservation, 3200 Lee Highway, Arlington, Virginia 22207, USA ABSTRACT This guide accompanies a walking tour of sites where masonry was employed on or near the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It begins with an overview of the geological setting of the city and development of the Mall. Each federal monument or building on the tour is briefly described, followed by information about its exterior stonework. The focus is on masonry buildings of the Smithsonian Institution, which date from 1847 with the inception of construction for the Smithsonian Castle and continue up to completion of the National Museum of the American Indian in 2004. The building stones on the tour are representative of the development of the Ameri­ can dimension stone industry with respect to geology, quarrying techniques, and style over more than two centuries. Details are provided for locally quarried stones used for the earliest buildings in the capital, including A quia Creek sandstone (U.S. Capitol and Patent Office Building), Seneca Red sandstone (Smithsonian Castle), Cockeysville Marble (Washington Monument), and Piedmont bedrock (lockkeeper's house). Fol­ lowing improvement in the transportation system, buildings and monuments were constructed with stones from other regions, including Shelburne Marble from Ver­ mont, Salem Limestone from Indiana, Holston Limestone from Tennessee, Kasota stone from Minnesota, and a variety of granites from several states.
    [Show full text]
  • The White House the American Bald Eagle Images of Liberty U.S
    Additional titles filmideas,Inc. from filmideas,Inc. Presents in the SYMBOLS OF AMERICA 5 PART SERIES Uncle Sam The White House The American Bald Eagle Images of Liberty U.S. Flag 5PartSeries The Film Ideas,Inc. 308 North Wolf Rd. Wheeling, IL 60090 TEL: 1-800-475-3456 or 847-419-0255 FAX: 847-419-8933 E-MAIL: [email protected] HOUSEHOUSE WEB SITE: www.filmideas.com INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE Copyright © 2002 INTRODUCTION TO SERIES The purpose of this video series is to acquaint young children to the importance of American symbols. It is designed to teach how symbols are objects or pic- tures that represents a much larger idea. Throughout American history symbols have played a significant role in how ideas have become an influential fabric of our culture. American symbols represent and com- municate who we are and what we value as a socie- ty. As children learn the importance of symbolism they will understand their contribution to American history and how symbols have evolved to help shape and define a nation – The United States of America. As a complementary device with each video, an instructional guide suggests exercises to help aid teachers, parents and students. These interactive exercises will reinforce and further develop a child’s level of comprehension about the importance of sym- bols and the joy of learning. 5PartSeries The instructional guide provides: Child-friendly exercises! Fun-to-do follow-up activities! Easy-to-learn reinforcement Q & A! Permission granted to copy the E-Guidesavailableat exercises provided in this guide. www.filmideas.com For educational use ONLY.
    [Show full text]
  • KEVIN F. CORDON : : Defendant
    Case 1:21-cr-00277-TNM Document 27 Filed 08/27/21 Page 1 of 5 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA : UNITED STATES OF AMERICA : Case No: 21-cr-277 : : : 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) : v. : : KEVIN F. CORDON : : Defendant. : : STATEMENT OF OFFENSE Pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11, the United States of America, by and through its attorney, the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, and the defendant, Kevin F. Cordon, with the concurrence of his attorney, agree and stipulate to the below factual basis for the defendant’s guilty plea—that is, if this case were to proceed to trial, the parties stipulate that the United States could prove the below facts beyond a reasonable doubt: The Attack at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021 1. The U.S. Capitol, which is located at First Street, SE, in Washington, D.C., is secured 24 hours a day by U.S. Capitol Police. Restrictions around the U.S. Capitol include permanent and temporary security barriers and posts manned by U.S. Capitol Police. Only authorized people with appropriate identification are allowed access inside the U.S. Capitol. 2. On January 6, 2021, the exterior plaza of the U.S. Capitol was closed to members of the public. 1 Case 1:21-cr-00277-TNM Document 27 Filed 08/27/21 Page 2 of 5 3. On January 6, 2021, a joint session of the United States Congress convened at the United States Capitol, which is located at First Street, SE, in Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Ford's Theatre, Lincoln's Assassination and Its Aftermath
    Narrative Section of a Successful Proposal The attached document contains the narrative and selected portions of a previously funded grant application. It is not intended to serve as a model, but to give you a sense of how a successful proposal may be crafted. Every successful proposal is different, and each applicant is urged to prepare a proposal that reflects its unique project and aspirations. Prospective applicants should consult the program guidelines at http://www.neh.gov/grants/education/landmarks-american-history- and-culture-workshops-school-teachers for instructions. Applicants are also strongly encouraged to consult with the NEH Division of Education Programs staff well before a grant deadline. The attachment only contains the grant narrative and selected portions, not the entire funded application. In addition, certain portions may have been redacted to protect the privacy interests of an individual and/or to protect confidential commercial and financial information and/or to protect copyrighted materials. Project Title: The Seat of War and Peace: The Lincoln Assassination and Its Legacy in the Nation’s Capital Institution: Ford’s Theatre Project Directors: Sarah Jencks and David McKenzie Grant Program: Landmarks of American History and Culture Workshops 400 7th Street, S.W., 4th Floor, Washington, D.C. 20506 P 202.606.8500 F 202.606.8394 E [email protected] www.neh.gov 2. Narrative Description 2015 will mark the 150th anniversary of the first assassination of a president—that of President Abraham Lincoln as he watched the play Our American Cousin at Ford’s Theatre, six blocks from the White House in Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • White House Neighborhood Focuses on the History and Architecture of Part of Our Local Environment That Is Both Familiar and Surprising
    Explore historic dc Explore historic CHILDREN’S WALKING TOUR CHILDREN’S EDITION included WHITE HOUSE inside! NEIGHBORHOOD WASHINGTON, DC © Washington Architectural Foundation, 2017 Welcome to the cap Welcome to Welcome This tour of Washington’s White House Neighborhood focuses on the history and architecture of part of our local environment that is both familiar and surprising. The tour kit includes everything a parent, teacher, Scout troop leader or home schooler would need to walk children through several blocks of buildings and their history and to stimulate conversation and activities as they go. Designed for kids in the 8-12 age group, the tour is fun and educational for older kids and adults as well. The tour materials include... • History of the White House Neighborhood • Tour Booklet Instructions • The White House Neighborhood Guide • Architectural Vocabulary • Conversation Starters • The White House Neighborhood Tour Stops • Children's Edition This project has been funded in part by a grant from the Dorothea DeSchweinitz Fund for the District of Columbia of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. This version of the White House Neighborhood children’s architectural tour is the result of a collaboration among Mary Kay Lanzillotta, FAIA, Peter Guttmacher and the creative minds at LookThink. White house neigh History of the White House Neighborhood The president's neighborhood hen Pierre L’Enfant designed the plan of Washington, W DC, in 1791, he selected the site for the President’s House west of the downtown. Next to the President’s House was an orchard, which was identified as President’s Park. When President Jefferson moved into the President’s House in 1801, he noted that the country residence was “free from the noise, the heat...and the bustle of a close built town.” Over the next 100 years, the neighborhood developed with many fashionable homes, including the Octagon and the Ringgold Residence.
    [Show full text]
  • October 15, 2018 Brian D. Joyner Chief of Staff National Mall And
    October 15, 2018 Brian D. Joyner Chief of Staff National Mall and Memorial Parks National Park Service 900 Ohio Drive, SW Washington, DC 20024 Via the federal eRulemaking portal http://www.regulations.gov Re: Proposed rule regarding demonstrations and special events in the National Capital Region, 83 Fed. Reg. 40460 (Aug. 15, 2018) Regulation Identifier No. 1024-AE45 Dear Mr. Joyner: The Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law (“Brennan Center”) appreciates this opportunity to submit comments on the National Park Service’s (NPS) proposed revisions to Title 36 of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 7.96 regarding protests for the National Mall, President’s Park and other national parks in the Washington, D.C. area. The Brennan Center is a nonpartisan law and policy institute that seeks to improve the United States’ systems of democracy and justice. Through that work, we frequently engage with matters concerning free speech and associational rights, and we frequently rely on these rights in order to advance our interests. Our namesake, former U.S. Supreme Court Justice William J. Brennan, was one of the strongest defenders of free speech rights to have sat on the U.S. Supreme Court. Unfortunately, many aspects of the proposed regulations are antithetical to the First Amendment and to American values. At the outset we note that these attempts to place onerous conditions on the ability to assemble and protest—highly troubling in their own right—also cannot be viewed in isolation from this administration’s efforts to limit and undermine First Amendment rights and interests in other ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Arlington Memorial Bridge Adjacent to the Base of the Lincoln Memorial
    Arlington Memorial Bridge HAER No. DC-7 Adjacent to the base of the Lincoln Memorial, spanning the Potomac River to Arlington Cemetery, VA. Washington District of Columbia PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA Historic American Engineering Record National Park Service Department of the Interior Washington, DC 20013-7127 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD ARLINGTON MEMORIAL BRIDGE HAER No. DC-7 Location: Adjacent to the base of the Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C., spanning the Potomac River to Arlington Cemetery, Arlington, VA. UTM: 18/321680/4306600 Quad.: Washington West Date of Construction: Designed 1929, Completed 1932 Architects: McKim, Mead and White, New York, New York; William Mitchell Kendall, Designer Engineer: John L. Nagle, W.J. Douglas, Consulting Engineer, Joseph P. Strauss, Bascule Span Engineer Contractor: Forty contractors under the supervision of the Arlington Bridge Commission Present Owner: National Capital Region National Park Service Department of the Interior Present Use: Vehicular and pedestrian bridge Significance: As the final link in the chain of monuments which start at the Capitol building, the Arlington Memorial Bridge connects the Mall in Washington, D.C. with Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia. Designed to connect, both physically and symbolically, the North and the South, this bridge, as designed in the Neoclassical style, complements the other monumental buildings in Washington such as the White House, the Lincoln Memorial, and the Jefferson Memorial. Memorial Bridge was designed by William Mitchell Kendall while in the employ of McKim, Mead and White, a prominent architectural firm based in New York City. Although designed and built almost thirty years after the McMillan Commission had been disbanded, this structure reflects the original intention of the Commission which was to build a memorial bridge on this site which would join the North and South.
    [Show full text]
  • The White House Internship Program (WHIP)
    The White House Internship Program (WHIP) The White House Internship Program (WHIP) is a remarkable opportunity to be actively involved in our government. The White House Internship Program selection process is highly competitive. Applicants are encouraged to submit a thorough application that illustrates their qualifications, character, and commitment to public service. Learn more about the internship program. https://www.whitehouse.gov/get-involved/internships/ White House internships are full-time (Monday to Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.). Successful intern applicants will be primarily placed in one of the following offices: • Domestic Policy Council • National Economic Council • The Office of American Innovation • The Office of Cabinet Affairs • The Office of Digital Strategy • The Office of Economic Initiatives • The Office of Intergovernmental Affairs • The Office of Legislative Affairs • The Office of Management and Administration - Visitors Office • The Office of Management and Administration - Photo Office • The Office of Management and Administration - Switchboard Office • The Office of Political Affairs • The Office of Presidential Advance • The Office of Presidential Correspondence • The Office of Presidential Personnel • The Office of Public Liaison • The Office of Speechwriting • The Office of the First Lady • The Office of the Senior Advisor for Policy • The Office of the Senior Counselor • The Office of the Staff Secretary The White House Internship Program (WHIP) • The Office of the Vice President • The Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy • The Office of White House Communications • The White House Press Office • The Office of White House Counsel • The President’s Commission on White House Fellowships Interns must be at least 18 years old as of the internship start date, and must meet at least one of the following criteria: • Are currently enrolled in an undergraduate or graduate degree program at a college, community college, or university (two-to-four year institution).
    [Show full text]