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Status: Issued South Wealden Growth Area Landscape and Ecology Studies ______

8.0 Upper Dicker and Lower Dicker

8.1 Context

Location

8.1.1 The Lower Dicker sub-area extends from the eastern edge of Horsebridge, c.2.5km west incorporating sites along and close to the A22 corridor. The Upper Dicker sub-area is to the south of Lower Dicker. It extends from the cross roads of Camberlot Road and Coldharbour Road northwards to meet the A22. Twenty five sites were assessed within this sub-area. (Refer to Figure 8.1 for location of sites).

Landscape Character Context

8.1.2 At the County Level of Landscape Character Assessment (LCA), all sites within the Lower Dicker and Upper Dicker area fall within the Eastern Low LCA. Refer to Figure 2.1 for County Landscape Character Context). This area is briefly summarised below with the characteristics of particular relevance to this sub-area underlined for emphasis. The summary is taken from the East County Landscape Assessment1:

8.1.3 The Eastern Low Weald County LCA is summarised as:

This area is more open and exposed than the western low weald, with many more flat, treeless areas. It contains the large woodland areas of Abbot’s and Vert Woods, which are mainly conifer plantations. Running from Ringmer in the west (outside ) to in the east the area contains the upper and Arlington Reservoir.

The key characteristics are described as:

• Significant areas of flat, nearly treeless country with remote windswept feel. • A greater area (15%) is under woodland than in the Western Low Weald but, by contrast, nearly all of this is in large blocks over 2 Ha. • About half the woodland is coniferous. • Hedges and hedgerow trees are slightly less abundant, and trees are often small and wind-bent. • Ancient pathways cross the area, including ancient Drove roads running North and South across the Low Weald. • Fine, open views of the Downs. • Small, remote and largely unspoiled rural villages. • Historic designed landscapes and parkland. • Small, winding, partly tree-lined streams, notably the River Cuckmere, but also many artificial, straightened drains and channels

8.1.4 Most of these characteristics e.g. ‘flat, nearly treeless country with remote windswept feel ’ and ‘many artificial, straightened drains and channels ‘ are more typical of the landscape to the south and west of the Eastern Low Weald than of the area around Lower and Upper Dicker.

1 County Council (2010). The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment. http://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/environment/landscape/download.htm ______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

132 Status: Issued South Wealden Growth Area Landscape and Ecology Studies ______

8.1.5 At the local level of landscape character assessment, the sites all fall under the one Landscape Character Type (LLCT): Wooded Clay Vales LLCT which covers a large area extending from East Hoathly with Halland in the west to in the east. Within this, two Local Landscape Character Areas (LLCA) are relevant D5: and D6: Upper Dicker, (refer to Figure 8.2).

8.1.6 The key characteristics of the Wooded Clay Vales LLCT are:

a rolling landscape of clay vales with a small-scale patchwork of arable and pastoral fields, interspersed with small areas of woodland (much of which is Ancient Woodland). Settlement is dispersed with a small-scale pattern of rural hamlets, villages and farmsteads which tend to be located along the network of minor roads that cross this predominantly rural landscape.

A network of footpaths connects these settlements to their landscape settings. In contrast, the A22 main road corridor runs east –west across the northern part of the LLCT and also forms part of its eastern boundary. There is a strong landscape structure arising from the network of mature hedgerows and tree lines and a strong historic continuity with many ancient field patterns apparent and several areas of Ancient Woodland.

Overall, the Wooded Clay Vales LLCT is assessed in the Wealden Landscape and Settlement Character Assessment (2014) as having High Landscape Sensitivity and High Landscape Value.

8.1.7 LLCA D5: Chiddingly is located on the north-eastern edge of the Wooded Clay Vales LLCT. It is a relatively large LLCA and its main characteristics are detailed below with those characteristics which are particularly evident in Upper and Lower Dicker underlined for emphasis:

• several small villages and hamlets, such as Chiddingly, Muddles Green and Whitesmith; • very strong sense of remoteness and tranquillity within the northwestern part of this area around Chiddingly. Here, a network of small to medium-scale, predominantly pastoral fields are lined with small mature woodlands and a dense hedgerow network; • The network of rural roads is lined with trees and trimmed hedgerows; • Short-distance views to wooded skylines contribute to recognisable sense of place. The landscape is crossed by numerous stream corridors; and, • The A22 main road corridor runs along the southern edge of the area introducing a source of noise and movement and reducing the sense of remoteness and tranquillity in the south. • Overall, this LLCA encompasses a patchwork of predominantly pastoral fields, small woodlands and stream corridors.

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Photo 8.1 – Pastoral fields with short distance views to wooded horizons are typical of LLCA D5: Chiddingly within the Wooded Clay Vales LCA

Photo location: View north across site 010/3090 (Rosendale, Hackhurst Lane – Lower Dicker)

8.1.8 There are ten sites (888/3090, 880/3090, 802/3090, 803/3090, 579/3090, 233/390, 010/3090, 863/3090, 869/3090, 870/3090) which fall within this LLCA. These sites are generally representative of the wider LLCA displaying some of the key characteristics of the area set out above. They sit within the southern part of this character area where the A22 is a dominant feature affecting, to some degree, the sense of remoteness and tranquillity, which is more relevant to the northern part of the LLCA. An extensive Public Rights of Way network is also a prevalent characteristic in this area.

Photo 8.2 – The A22 corridor is suburban in character and contrasts with the remoteness and tranquillity of the wider landscape surrounding Lower and Upper Dicker

Photo location: View north across the A22 from the site entrance to site 659/3090 (Land at Lower Dicker Garden Centre)

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8.1.9 LLCA D6: Upper Dicker is located in the southern part of the Wooded Clay Vales. The key characteristics of the D6: Upper Dicker LLCA are detailed below with those characteristics which are particularly evident in Upper and Lower Dicker sub-area underlined for emphasis:

• This LLCA encompasses a radial network of minor rural corridors which converge at the village of Upper Dicker in the centre of the area. • There is a strong sense of remoteness and tranquillity throughout much of the area, which comprises a relatively small-scale patchwork of arable and pastoral fields. • There is strong historic continuity within this area, evidenced by the ancient field pattern and the remains of Michelham Priory to the southeast of Upper Dicker, in the east of the area. • The gently meandering corridor of the River Cuckmere is a key landscape feature within the east. • Views southeast from the eastern part of the area are enclosed by mature woodland within Wilmington and Abbot’s Wood (LLCA D7). • There is a mature landscape structure of hedgerows and trees throughout.

8.1.10 D6: Upper Dicker covers all 15 sites to the south of the A22 (311/3090, 799/3090, 659/3090, 864/3090, 853/3090, 852/3090, 881/3090, 878/3300, 861/3300, 015/3300, 405/3300, 224/3300, 867/3300, 662/3090 and 836/3300). They are generally representative of the LLCA however, the sites are clustered in the centre and in the northern part of the LLCA, so the River Cuckmere and Wilmington Wood which are situated in the south-east part of the area have little influence over the sites. Other notable characteristics within this area are an extensive network of Public Rights of Way and a succession of reed fringed ditches and ponds located close to Coldharbour Road.

Photo 8.3 – Minor rural corridors with strong landscape structure of hedgerows and trees are characteristic of LLCA D6: Upper Dicker in the Wooded Clay Vales LCA

Photo location: View along Coldharbor Road close to site 799/3090 (Rainbow Farm and Oak Tree Farm - Lower Dicker)

8.1.11 The A22 creates the dividing line between the two character areas of D5: Chiddingly and D6: Upper Dicker. However, the A22 corridor itself, could also be considered as its own character area. As the A22 passes through Lower Dicker, it is a largely flat and uncompromisingly straight road with no designated crossing points or parking areas. Between Lower Dicker and ______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

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Golden Cross, there are clusters of development along its length, which are generally located close to and facing the road. This is interspersed with pockets of fields and hedgerows. Overhead cables frequently line and cross the road. The majority of the road is bounded by a grass verge, which generally features a single sided, narrow footpath. From the road itself, views out are limited. This creates a fast-moving, loud traffic corridor, with an urban fringe character. The road has a strong severance effect dividing Lower Dicker into two. These characteristics impact the sites that line the A22 to the north which all slope gently north- south to meet the A22- 880/3090 (south part), 802/3090, 803/3090, 870/3090. These sites are currently considered under D5:Chiddingly and the sites 811/3092, 799/3090, 659/3090, 864/309 and 662/3090 which currently line the A22 to the south are considered under D6: Upper Dicker.

Existing Settlement Pattern

8.1.12 The existing settlement pattern of Lower Dicker comprises a linear settlement focussed along the A22, with no discernible centre, start or end. This is a typical twentieth century ribbon development which has arisen along a road in an uncoordinated manner. This creates a weak sense of place. Lower Dicker comprises sporadic clusters of housing, light industrial and commercial units that generally face the fast moving, busy road while some pockets of development are set back and accessed from minor roads. Camberlot Wood to the south and Caldicott and Dicker Wood to the north, provide a degree of enclosure and are important in helping to enhance the setting of the settlement.

8.1.13 Upper Dicker, in contrast, is a more nucleated settlement focused around a small village centre at the junction of Camberlot Road and Coldharbour Road with a linear, intermittent settlement pattern extending northwards along Coldharbour Road.

8.1.14 The village has a strong sense of place with a small village green and a church providing focal points. Additional facilities include a recreation ground, allotments and playground, a club house, a and a school which spans the north and south side of Coldharbour Road and forms the edge of the village. Upper Dicker is distinctly contained and there is a strong edge. It is identified in the Wealden Landscape Settlement and Character Assessment 2014 as having a ‘sensitive urban edge’.

8.1.15 Upper Dicker is more enclosed and isolated in character than Lower Dicker and the settlement pattern comprises individual properties close to and facing the road, with farms accessed from tracks. The road is predominantly lined with hedgerow to both sides and has a country lane character.

8.1.16 The northernmost end of Coldharbour Road close to the junction with the A22 features two Cul-de-sacs comprising small scale contemporary housing developments. They comprise a greater density of properties. The country lane character of Coldharbour Road is interrupted with brick walls, macadam/paved junctions and small scale amenity planting. This is part of Lower Dicker but presents a departure both from the settlement pattern of Lower Dicker and Upper Dicker and starts to lessen the sense of separation between the two settlements.

Visual Context

8.1.17 The Lower and Upper Dicker sub-area is a relatively enclosed landscape due to the presence of woodland blocks and mature field hedgerows scattered across the area. Long distance views to and from the sites are mainly curtailed by these woodland areas and hedgerows although from some points there are glimpsed views south of the distinctive ridgeline of the South Downs on the distant horizon beyond. A few sites (e.g. 880/3090) have long distance ______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

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views to the north towards the High Weald AONB. In shorter distance views from the roads which pass through the area (A22, Coldharbour Road and Camberlot Road) the sites are generally enclosed by roadside hedgerows but there are often glimpsed views over or through these to the land beyond.

Photo 8.4 - Occasional glimpsed views towards the South Downs are possible from some sites within the Upper and Lower Dicker sub-area

Photo location: View south from site 861/3300 (Old Pottery Farm, Coldharbour Road)

Photo 8.5 - The High Weald AONB can be glimpsed in the distance from some areas on the north side of Lower Dicker

Photo location: View north-west from site 880/3090 (Marigolds Farm, Lower Dicker)

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Green Infrastructure Context

Accessible Natural Greenspace

8.1.18 Accessible natural greenspace has been considered and evaluated in a separate report produced by Chris Blandford Associates (CBA 2016 Wealden Green Infrastructure Study). The CBA study identifies the key Green Infrastructure (GI) links in terms of movement of people through the landscape and also identifies a number of areas of GI deficit, these mainly being associated with the existing urban areas of Polegate and Hailsham. The CBA report also identifies a number of Green Infrastructure opportunities and these are considered further in the context of the Upper and Lower Dicker sub-areas below.

PRoW

8.1.19 The Lower and Upper Dicker sub-area has a particularly dense network of PRoW (compared with the other sub-areas around Hailsham). A large number of public footpaths criss-cross the area providing a rich variety of recreational routes through the countryside. Most of the routes are public footpaths although two bridleways also pass through the area to the north of Lower Dicker ( 11a and Hellingly 43). The long distance Recreational Route passes through the southern edge of the area. Figure 8.6 illustrates the location and reference name for all the PRoW within the sub-area.

Photo 8.6 - The Lower and Upper Dicker sub-area contains a very high density of PRoW

Photo location: View north west along public footpath along Hellingy 20b from corner of site 869/3090 (Meadowsweet, Caldicotts Lane -Lower Dicker)

Strategic infrastructure context

8.1.20 The Upper and Lower Dicker sub-areas encompass a section of the Strategic Green Corridor (7) identified by CBA, which is considered a priority area with key opportunities for strategic GI enhancement, linkage and creation.

8.1.21 The High and Low Weald Strategic Green Access Link (C) also passes through the sub-area. Strategic Green Access Links connect communities and businesses within Hailsham & ______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

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Polegate, and in the surrounding villages to local leisure opportunities/destinations, greenspaces and public transport services.

8.1.22 At a more local scale, a network of Local Green Links connects the Hailsham & Polegate Urban Green Grid to the Strategic Green Access Links, Green Infrastructure and Blue Infrastructure within the countryside in and around the towns. This network includes local GI linkages connecting the town centres with open spaces throughout the built-up areas and in the surrounding countryside. There are no Strategic Green Access Links in Upper and Lower Dicker but a Local Green Link lies to the south of the sub-area which runs west from Hailsam.

8.1.23 Protection of corridors of undeveloped land/countryside as green wedges between the built- up area of Hailsham & Polegate and the surrounding villages, to safeguard the towns’ character and landscape setting, provides the opportunity to locate accessible natural greenspace in these areas. None of these Proposed Areas of Search for New Accessible Natural Greenspace lies within the sub-area. Further information is provided in the 2016 Wealden Green Infrastructure Study.

Green Infrastructure

8.1.24 Figure 8.3a shows the Green Infrastructure of this sub-area. The landscape around Upper and Lower Dicker is characterised by numerous small fields and development plots which exhibit a strongly rectilinear field pattern which resulted from the enclosure of the open-field system of Dicker Common, within which field boundaries are often demarcated by fencing rather than by hedging. Large woodland areas are scarce, with the exception of Caldicotts Wood in the north of the sub-area and Camberlot Wood to the west. Key green linkages within the sub-area include the northern section of Camberlot Road and a green lane which follows an east-west alignment alongside a tributary of the Cuckmere River, the two together forming the strongest green link within the sub-area.

8.1.25 Development within the sub-area should seek to enhance the local Green Infrastructure by retaining and enhancing existing hedgerows and creating new blocks of woodland within the local landscape. A feature of these sub-areas, is the presence of crop marks which suggest the alignments of former hedgerows (these can also be seen on old Ordnance Survey mapping). Future development of allocation sites in the sub-area should seek to reinstate these hedgerows. Strategic planting to ‘borrow’ from the high quality Green Infrastructure of the Hailsham West sub-area by creating new woodland and hedgerow linkages between the Upper Dicker sites and the Cuckmere River and between the Lower Dicker sites and Caldicotts Wood could also be considered.

Blue Infrastructure

8.1.26 Blue infrastructure, which comprises undeveloped areas of floodplain which typically have a pastoral character and often feature semi-improved grassland, wet woodland and marsh grassland, forms a very important component part of the local ‘green infrastructure’. Blue infrastructure provides both a corridor of movement, particularly for species such as bats, which navigate through the landscape using features such as watercourses and hedgerows and aquatic mammals (otter and water vole). It also provides a valuable foraging resource for a wide range on animal species, including amphibians, certain species of reptile, and most species of bat. Floodplain and riparian habitats may also support notable plant species and wetland invertebrates.

8.1.27 Figure 8.3b shows the Blue Infrastructure of the sub-area and the relationship between areas of floodplain (as defined by Environment Agency mapping of Zones 2 and 3), watercourses, ______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

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and waterbodies such as ponds and lakes as taken from Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 (this map series under-estimates the number of ponds: some are shown only on 1:10,000 mapping). (It should be noted that this map series under-estimates the number of ponds: some further small ponds may also be present). The relationship between the proposed allocation sites and blue infrastructure features can clearly be seen.

8.1.28 The Upper and Lower Dicker sub-area sites, with the exception of 224/3300, 405/3300 and 863/3090 lie at some distance from the upper sections of the streams and drains which feed the Cuckmere Level and as such there is poor habitat connectivity with the designated habitats of the levels and little likelihood that the riparian species would be present on these sites. The three allocation sites which have a higher degree of blue infrastructure connectivity may create a pollution risk to the Cuckmere River and its associated riparian habitats unless this is adequately mitigated against.

Key Green Infrastructure Opportunities

8.1.29 Where appropriate, new developments in the sub-area should, in addition to retaining wildlife habitats, also seek to promote opportunities for enhancing existing wildlife habitats, and/or creating new habitats, related to residential development sites around Hailsham & Polegate. In the context of the Upper and Lower Dicker sub-areas, the following opportunities, taken from the CBA report and the individual site assessment reports for the sub-area, would apply:

• Where appropriate, promote opportunities for landscape enhancements related to residential development sites around Hailsham. • Where appropriate to do so, promote and encourage the use of best practice innovative architectural and planning solutions that take inspiration from local distinctiveness and character. • Where appropriate, seek to improve water quality and manage local flood risk through promoting the use of SuDS, green roofs and rain gardens for example, particularly within new housing developments. Opportunities exist in areas of most need, to consider how SuDS could also help to provide additional accessible greenspace. • Explore opportunities to promote gardening for wildlife and growing food within existing and new residential areas. • Contribution to ‘B-Lines’ project through seeding with native wildflower seed mix and use of native flowering trees and shrubs in planting schemes. • The internal and external boundary vegetation should be allowed to develop to a broader, taller form and strengthened by further planting, including berry bearing species to provide for bird foraging, and native species to attract insects. A structurally diverse range of plants should be used, including shrubs large enough to support nesting birds. • Creation of permanent wildflower grassland and native scrub habitat on development site boundaries and within areas of public open space. • Creation of new wildlife habitat including grassland, woodland and scrub on land outside the development site boundary. • Retention and enhancement of ditches and watercourses through selective removal of overhanging woody vegetation and sensitive re-profiling. • Enhancements to retained on-site woodland habitat, including thinning out non-native deciduous tree species, and replacement planting with native species.

Minor site-specific measures are set out in the individual site reports.

Ecological and Biodiversity Context

8.1.30 The Lower and Upper Dicker sites are situated in a landscape of small and medium-sized usually intensively-managed paddocks and meadows, divided by managed hedges or fencing ______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

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and in proximity to, but usually not directly abutting a small number of S41 (BAP) habitat and Ancient Woodland sites. In general, the Upper and Lower Dicker sub-areas feature fewer woodlands and trees than other sub-areas, and overall are perhaps of lower biodiversity interest than most of the other sub-areas. The area is, however, characterised by a relatively high density of ponds, although many of these lie just outside the triangle formed by Camberlot Road, Coldharbour Road and the A22. Refer to Figure 8.4 for a map showing designated sites and biodiversity habitats in the vicinity of Upper and Lower Dicker.

8.1.31 The numbers and range of protected species recorded within the vicinity of the Upper and Lower Dicker sites (refer to Figure 8.5) reflects the nature of the landscape; in general there are fewer protected species recorded from this sub-area overall and relatively few records of bats and notable bird species. Dormice are fairly common, but do not occur as frequently as in the Hailsham West or Hailsham South sub-areas, which are characterised by much higher woodland coverage and dense, mature hedgerows. Great crested newt and common reptile species are also present within this sub-area.

8.1.32 Non-native species are infrequent in the sub-area, with only the horse chestnut leaf miner being regularly cited. Small populations of the invasive Indian (Himalayan) balsam, Japanese knotweed have been recorded, for example in the vicinity of 864/3090.

8.2 Overview of assessments

8.2.1 The Lower and Upper Dicker sub-area contains 25 sites which were assessed. Of these, 18 are located in and around Lower Dicker and seven are in and around Upper Dicker. (See Figure 8.1 for location of sites assessed.)

8.2.2 All of the sites in both Lower and Upper Dicker are located outside flood zones 2 and 3.

Landscape assessments

8.2.3 The Lower Dicker sub-area contains eighteen sites which were assessed. All fall within the Wooded Clay Vales LLCT. Ten of which fall within D5: Chiddingly LLCA and eight of which fall within D6:Upper Dicker LLCA. Collectively the sites are focussed in the area to the immediate north and the immediate south of the A22. These sites are generally all slotted within and around existing residential or commercial sites.

8.2.4 The landscape assessments for Lower Dicker fall into three broad groups which are discussed below.

8.2.5 Sites 888/3090, 880/3090 (South), 802/3090 and 803/3090 are all regular shaped fields adjacent to the north side of the A22, on the west side of Lower Dicker. There are open views across these sites from the A22 and should development come forward it would be highly visible in the immediate vicinity but would have little impact beyond the existing settlement of Lower Dicker. Potential development on these sites could create a new village edge for Lower Dicker at the junction of Nash Street. These sites were considered either to be of High or Moderate-High landscape capacity due to their lower sensitivity and value derived from the relationship with the A22 and other pockets of development in the vicinity. Sites 880/3090, 802/3090 and 803/3090 have long distance views towards the South Downs but they are located at such a significant distance away that they are unlikely to have any significant impact on views from the South Downs or its setting.

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Photo 8.7 - Many of the sites adjacent to the A22 are clearly visible from the road corridor

Photo location: View north across site 802/3090 (Land to the rear of Terra – Lower Dicker)

8.2.6 The northern section of 880/3090 should be considered differently. The landscape character changes significantly in the two northern fields of this site because a ridgeline tilts the land in the opposite direction. This severs the connection with the A22 and instead creates a strong association with a large swathe of undeveloped land comprising rolling agricultural fields, occasional farm houses and bands of woodland (some of which is Ancient Woodland). This is typical of the Wooded Clay Vales landscape and is an area of ancient historic landscape (including areas of Ancient Woodland in Caldicott’s Wood and around Hackhurst Stud). The northern part of this site is therefore of much greater sensitivity than the southern part and is considered to have a low capacity to accommodate development. This site can be considered along with site 863/3090, which shares a number of similarities. It is also situated at a greater distance from the A22, is close to Ancient Woodland (Caldicott’s Wood) and also falls within an area of Ancient landscape (as identified in the Sussex Historic Landscape Characterisation, August 2010). Its location nestled in a valley adjacent to a tributary of the River Cuckmere gives it a different focus and association but a similar level of sensitivity and a Moderate-Low capacity to accommodate development.

8.2.7 Sites 311/3090, 799/3090, 659/3090, 864/3090, 853/3090, 852/3090, 881/3090 are all located to the south of the A22 either adjacent to it or slightly set back from it. The A22 is a dominant feature for these sites, which are generally set in and amongst a series of landscape detractors (buildings, structures, signs lights etc) that line the road. These sites are assessed as having low or moderate sensitivity and low or moderate value which results in a Very High, High or Moderate to High capacity to accommodate development. Three of these sites (853/3090, 852/3090 and 881/3090) are accessed via Mansers Lane which is part of the PRoW network. If these sites were to be developed, care would need to be taken to ensure that the rural character of this route is maintained.

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Photo 8.8 - Mansers Lane is a PRoW and forms an access route to three sites. If these sites are developed, careful design will be necessary to ensure that the rural charter of the lane is maintained

Photo location: Mansers Lane, Lower Dicker

8.2.8 Generally the smaller sites in this area which already contain development are considered to have the highest capacity to accommodate further development (311/3090, 659/3090, 662/3090). These tend to be in a more degraded condition, while the larger sites, which are currently arable or pastoral fields, have a lower capacity; their value is increased by the fact that they are greenfield sites and extend further south away from the road and have a stronger relationship with the rural undeveloped landscape to the south.

8.2.9 Sites 579/3090, 233/3090, 010/3090, 869/3090, 870/3090 are all located to the north of the A22. They form a contiguous band of sites (some of which already contain some development) that are tucked behind existing development that lines the A22. The Ancient Woodlands of Caldicott Wood and Dicker Wood are important features to the north and help limit the visual impact of these sites and provide important enclosure and an attractive setting. Most of these sites are of low landscape sensitivity as a result of their generally low visibility from the wider landscape and a weak sense of place. The sites are all considered to have a low or moderate value and all but one site, (870/3090) are considered to have a high capacity for development. Site 870/3090 is considered to have slightly lower capacity (high- moderate) than the other sites in this group as a result of it being slightly more exposed in the wider landscape to the east, potentially affecting the visual amenity of two PRoWs.

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Photo 8.9 - Some of the existing buildings within the A22 corridor are large scale and do not make a positive contribution to the local sense of place

Photo location: View north from site 233/3090 (Land west of Hackhurst Lane, Lower Dicker)

8.2.10 Of all the areas assessed within this whole study, the Lower Dicker sub-area is considered to be the area with greatest capacity to accommodate new development. The landscape is less sensitive than in other sub-areas and the introduction of new development around Lower Dicker presents the opportunity to bring significant improvements to the village, provided any development is of an appropriate scale and design. However, there are a lot of small sites within this area and so if development were to come forward a clear strategy is likely to be needed in order to ensure that development happens in a coordinated way. A co-ordinated masterplanning approach to the sites could be adopted to ensure that development takes place in a coherent manner, maximising the opportunities for place-making and the creation of a stronger, more attractive village. Opportunities could include the creation of a new village centre set back from the A22, a clear village edge at the start and end of the village and strong green infrastructure including the creation of green corridors along the PRoWs (e.g. along Hellingly 16a,17b and 20b) to provide access to the surrounding countryside.

8.2.11 The Upper Dicker sub-area contains seven sites which were assessed. All of which fall within the Wooded Clay Vales LLCT and within D6:Upper Dicker LLCA. Collectively the sites are focussed to the north of the existing village settlement and extend northwards along Coldharbour Road. The sites fall into two areas as set out below.

8.2.12 Sites 867/3300, 224/3300, 405/3300 and 015/3300 are located due north of the village of Upper Dicker on Coldharbour Road, while 836/3300 is due north of the village on Camberlot Road. These sites were generally considered to have a low or moderate sensitivity, due mainly to their low visibility within the surrounding area. All sites were considered to have moderate value which resulted in sites that have either a High, High- Moderate or Moderate capacity for development. However, if all these sites were developed, this would significantly alter the existing settlement pattern of Upper Dicker. Any development introduced in these sites would need to ensure that a strong settlement edge is achieved. Site 015/3300 was considered to be the most sensitive site due to its distance from the existing village centre and the potential effect that development on the site would have on reducing the gap

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between the settlements of Upper Dicker and Lower Dicker and the sense of separation between them.

Photo Several of the sites along Coldharbour Road are enclosed by dense vegetation and have low visibility from the surrounding area

Photo location: View across site 405/3300 (Brickfields, Coldharbour Road – Upper Dicker)

8.2.13 There are two sites in the northern most part of the area defined as Upper Dicker: 878/3300 and 861/3300. These are considered to be low or moderate in sensitivity and moderate in value. Site 878/3300 is strongly enclosed by vegetation and is a small site so potential effects of development on the site are limited. It’s capacity is therefore considered to be high- moderate. Site 861/3300 is of a larger scale and development on this site has potential to have more significant landscape effects if undertaken without significant landscape mitigation measures. These two sites are opposite each other and sit at the junction of Upper Dicker and Lower Dicker. Any development on these sites would need to be sensitively integrated to retain this sense of separation between the two settlements.

8.2.14 When developing sites in Lower Dicker and Upper Dicker it will be important to retain the sense of separation between the two areas to enable the clear identities of the two settlements to prevail. A number of mitigation measures will be required to minimise potential landscape and visual effects as much as possible and to maximise the opportunities that these areas present. Potential measures include:

• Retain and protect the areas of woodland and the historic pattern of field boundaries and hedgerow to maintain the historic continuity of the landscape;

• Retain the focus of Upper Dicker around the existing village centre. The nucleated settlement pattern should be protected and enhanced and ribbon development should be avoided. This would help retain the existing character of the settlement and help prevent the two settlements of Upper Dicker and Lower Dicker from merging;

• Locate development areas on the lower-lying, less visually prominent areas;

• Protect the country lane character of the rural road network;

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145 Status: Issued South Wealden Growth Area Landscape and Ecology Studies ______

• Maintain a gap of undeveloped land between Upper Dicker and Lower Dicker and between Lower Dicker and Golden Cross to create a green corridor and maintain the separate identity of the two settlements;

• Create defined settlement edges between Lower Dicker and Upper Dicker and between Lower Dicker and Golden Cross; and,

• Retain and enhance the existing network of PRoW and use them to help create routes through and around new development areas to connect to the wider countryside

Ecology assessments

8.2.15 It was considered that a minority of the sites assessed in the Upper and Lower Dicker sub- area were of ecological value at up to a District-level scale: 861/3300, 870/3090 and 224/3300; with the majority being of ecological value at the Parish level or below. This is in part because very few sites occur in close proximity to sites of known ecological value and because relatively few sites feature biodiverse grassland, woodland or species rich hedgerow habitats.

8.2.16 Most of the sites are either of small size, or, where larger, feature a limited range of habitats of low ecological value and thus would be likely to be used by only small numbers of the more commonly occurring protected species, for example: reptiles, great crested newts, foraging or commuting bats and badger. All sites will require at least some protected species survey; but it is unlikely that protected species presence would present a significant constraint to development assuming avoidance of key habitats and that suitable mitigation measures are put in place where appropriate.

8.2.17 Sites 861/3300, 870/3090 and 224/3300 are assessed as having a high likelihood of ecological interest (see table below) because of the nature of the habitats they support. Refer to individual site reports for a summary of the potential for protected species interest and the surveys recommended.

8.2.18 This sub-area contains mainly small sites, however development of a large number of these small sites in combination would result in a significantly elevated number of residents close to the Levels, who may choose to use the Levels for recreation. The disturbance impacts arising from this would need to be evaluated through Habitats Regulations Assessment of both individual developments above a certain scale, and also cumulative impact assessment, and appropriate mitigation measures employed if necessary.

8.2.19 The likelihood of ecological interest for each site is summarised in the table below:

Level of Likelihood of Site name value/scale ecological interest Lower Dicker Land adjoining Rosendale, Lower/Parish Medium 010/3090 Hackhurst Lane 233/3090 Land west of Hackhurst Lane Lower/Parish Medium 311/3090 1 Mill House Lower/Parish Medium Land comprising Units 7 and 4 Lower/Parish Low 579/3090 plus concrete hardstanding to

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146 Status: Issued South Wealden Growth Area Landscape and Ecology Studies ______

rear of Set Tyres

Land at Lower Dicker Garden Lower/Parish Low 659/3090 Centre 662/3090 Shep Plastics, A22 Lower/Parish Medium Rainbow Farm and Oak Tree Lower/Parish Medium 799/3090 Farm, Camberlot Road 802/3090 Land to the rear of Terra Lower/Parish Medium Land to the rear of Prospect Lower/Parish Low 803/3090 House Old Mill Paddock, Coldharbour Lower/Parish Medium 852/3090 Road Land adjoining Spindles, Lower/Parish Medium 853/3090 Mansers Lane 863/3090 Merriefields, Hackhurst Lane, Lower/Parish Medium 864/3090 Ades Farm Lower/Parish Medium 869/3090 Meadowsweet, Caldicotts Lane Lower/Parish Medium 870/3090 Laurelhurst Farm Lower/District High 880/3090 Marigolds Farm, Nash Street Lower/Parish Medium 881/3090 Little Mount, Mansers Lane Lower/Parish Low 888/3090 Land at Marigolds Farm Lower/Parish Low Upper Dicker Field between Adams Cottage Lower/Parish Low 015/3300 and Field House, Coldharbour Road Mayfields Farm, Coldharbour Lower/District High 224/3300 Road 405/3300 Brickfields, Coldharbour Road Lower/Parish Medium Land to the north of 3&4 Lower/Parish Low Crossways Cottages, 836/3300 Camberlot Road Old Pottery Farm, Coldharbour Lower/District High 861/3300 Farm Land on the north side of Lower/Parish Medium 867/3300 Coldharbour Road Robins Nursery, Coldharbour Lower/Parish Medium 878/3300 Road

8.2.20 If proposals for development come forward on these sites, or if the sites are allocated for development within the Wealden Local Plan, appropriate measures will need to be incorporated to ensure the potential effects on biodiversity are avoided/minimised and/or mitigated, and that enhancements can be delivered in accordance with local and national planning policy. This should be done on a site by site basis, taking into account green and blue infrastructure local to the site, and ensuring that valuable habitats on site are retained and enhanced, and that additional measures such as new ponds, new areas of woodland or grassland, or features such as bird and bat boxes and habitat piles can be delivered wherever feasible. The individual site reports provide outline/indicative avoidance, mitigation and enhancement proposals, however these should be refined and developed by the Ecologists

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147 Status: Issued South Wealden Growth Area Landscape and Ecology Studies ______

working in support of any future planning application, along with other more species- or habitat-specific measures as may be indicated by the outcome of the recommended species and habitat surveys.

______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

148 Key Site Boundary

880/3090 888/3090

802/3090 579/3090 803/3090 863/3090

233/3090 311/3090 010/3090

869/3090 799/3090

870/3090 659/3090 864/3090

853/3090 662/3090 852/3090 881/3090

878/3300

861/3300

015/3300 L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan Lower Dicker & Upper Dicker 405/3300

224/3300 Site Locations

Figure 8.1 1:10 000@A3 867/3300

November 2016 836/3300

ReproducMajesty’stheOrdnance LicenceHerfrom edStationery number: of Survey 100002205.ALOffice. © CROWNthe controller mapof with thepermission COPYRIGHT. 149 Key Site Boundary

Local Landscape Character Areas

Local Landscape Character Types Coastal Levels 880/3090 888/3090 Gently Undulating Wooded Valleys D5 Wooded Clay Vales Open Clay Vales 802/3090 579/3090 D4 803/3090 Open Levels Wooded Clay Vales 863/3090 Ridges and Slopes

Ridges and Valleys 233/3090 Settled Levels 311/3090 010/3090 Urban Dominated Landscapes 869/3090 Wooded Clay Vales 799/3090 E6 870/3090 659/3090 Open Clay Vales 864/3090

853/3090 662/3090 852/3090 881/3090

878/3300

861/3300 D6 Wooded Clay Vales L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan Lower Dicker & Upper Dicker 015/3300

405/3300

Landscape Character Context 224/3300 Figure 8.2 1:10 000@A3

867/3300 November 2016

836/3300 Wooded Clay Vales D7 ReproducMajesty’stheOrdnance LicenceHerfrom edStationery number: of Survey 100002205.ALOffice. © CROWNthe controller mapof with thepermission COPYRIGHT. 150 Key Site Boundary

880/3090 Woodland 888/3090

802/3090 579/3090 Tree Belt 803/3090 863/3090

233/3090 Hedgerow 311/3090 010/3090 067/3100 869/3090 799/3090

870/3090 659/3090 864/3090

853/3090 662/3090 780/3100 852/3090 881/3090

878/3300

861/3300

015/3300 L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan Lower Dicker & Upper Dicker 405/3300

825/1310 751/1310 224/3300 Green Infrastructure

775/1310 Figure 8.3A 867/3300 1:10 000@A3

836/3300 April 2017

Source: DigitalGloEsri, GeoEye, be, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus USDA,DS, USGS, Aero and GRID,IGN,the GIS UserCo mmun ity 887/1310 862/1310 Repro ducedfro mtheOrdnance Survey map withthepermission theconof tro llerHerMajesty’sof Station Licencenumber: eryOffice. AL100002205.© CROW NCOPYRIGHT. 151 Key Site Boundary

Flood Zone

Standing Water/Pond

880/3090 Watercourse 888/3090 Ditch 802/3090 579/3090 803/3090 863/3090

233/3090 311/3090 010/3090

869/3090 799/3090

870/3090 659/3090 864/3090

853/3090 662/3090 852/3090 881/3090

878/3300

861/3300

015/3300 L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan Lower Dicker & Upper Dicker 405/3300

224/3300 Blue Infrastructure

Figure 8.3B 867/3300 1:10 000@A3

836/3300 Nov 2016

ReproducMajesty’stheOrdnance LicenceHerfrom edStationery number: of Survey 100002205.ALOffice. © CROWNthe controller mapof with thepermission COPYRIGHT. 152 Key Site Boundary

Local Sites

Priority Habitat Inventory - Main Habitat 880/3090 Coastal and Floodplain Grazing 888/3090 Marsh

Deciduous Woodland 802/3090 579/3090 !!!!!! !!!!!! Traditional Orchard 803/3090 !!!!!! 863/3090 Good Quality Semi-Improved Grassland DDDDD No Main Habitat but Additional 233/3090 Habitats Present DDDDD 311/3090 010/3090 Wo o dpastureParklandand(BAP Prio rityHabitat) 869/3090 799/3090 Notable Road Verge Ancient and Replanted Semi- 870/3090 Natural Woodland 659/3090 864/3090 Local Wildlife Site

National Sites National Nature Reserves 853/3090 662/3090 852/3090 Site of Special Scientific Interest 881/3090 International/European Sites Ramsar

878/3300 Special Areas of Conservation Special Protection Area

861/3300

015/3300 L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan Lower Dicker & Upper Dicker 405/3300

224/3300 Designated Sites

Figure 8.4 867/3300 1:10 000@A3

836/3300 November 2016

Repro ducedfro mtheOrdnance Survey map with thepermissio thecontroof n HerMajesty’sof ller Statio Licence nerynumber: Office. AL100002205.© CROWN COPY RIGHT. 153 "%

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! %! #"% "%% Hellingly/46d Key Hellingly/33a Site Boundary Chiddingly/48a

Hellingly/46e Public Rights of Way

880/3090 Bridleway Chiddingly/47b Hellingly/36 888/3090 Hellingly/37b Hellingly/39b Hellingly/35 Hellingly/33b Hellingly/22a Byway Hellingly/34 Hellingly/32 579/3090 Hellingly/37a Footpath 802/3090 Hellingly/43h Hellingly/40 Hellingly/1 Hellingly/39a 803/3090 Hellingly/43e Hellingly/43g

Hellingly/43c Hellingly/19a 863/3090 Hellingly/18a

Chiddingly/61a 233/3090 010/3090

Hellingly/3b 311/3090 Hellingly/11a Hellingly/20b Hellingly/17b Hellingly/3a 869/3090 Hellingly/16b Hellingly/30a Hellingly/14b

Hellingly/21a 799/3090 Chiddingly/60b Hellingly/30c Hellingly/14a

Hellingly/31a 870/3090 Hellingly/15 Arlington/2b 659/3090 Hellingly/12 Hellingly/24 Arlington/52a Hellingly/16a 864/3090

Arlington/49 Hellingly/27c 853/3090 Arlington/51 662/3090 Arlington/48b Arlington/47b 852/3090 Arlington/2a 881/3090 Arlington/48aArlington/50 Hellingly/29a Arlington/52b

878/3300 Arlington/47d Arlington/46 Hellingly/23

861/3300

Arlington/10 015/3300

L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan 405/3300 Arlington/7 Arlington/11 Lower Dicker & Upper Dicker

224/3300

Public Rights of Way

867/3300 Figure 8.6 1:10 000@A3 836/3300 Arlington/3

November 2016

Arlington/4d

ReproducMajesty’stheOrdnance LicenceHerfrom edStationery number: of Survey 100002205.ALOffice. © CROWNthe controller mapof with thepermission COPYRIGHT. 155