Supermarkets and Grocery Stores in Canada Supermarkets and Grocery Stores in Canada Table of Contents Market Overview

Supermarkets and grocery stores in Canada Supermarkets and grocery stores in Canada Table of Contents Market overview

07 Distribution of the supermarket and grocery store industry in Canada 2010-2015 08 Number of grocery stores in Canada 2016, by region 09 Number of grocery stores in Canada 2015, by employment size 10 Number of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada 2016, by region 11 Number of stores of selected grocery retailers in Canada 2014, by brand 12 Distribution of grocery square footage in Canada 2015, by company 13 Discount retailer market share of the grocery sector in Canada 2016, by region 14 Average grocery basket size of consumers in Canada 2014, by location type 15 Average grocery basket size per shopping trip in Canada 2014, by gender 16 Leading business priorities of grocery retailers in Canada 2014

Retail sales

18 Retail sales of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada 2012-2016 19 Change in retail sales of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada 2012-2017 20 Food store sales in Canada 2004-2017 21 Chain food store sales in Canada 2004-2018 22 Independent food store sales in Canada 2004-2018 23 Food store sales in Canada 2017, by region and type 24 Forecasted retail sales of supermarkets in Canada 2013-2018 25 Forecasted retail sales of grocery retailers in Canada 2013-2018 26 Forecasted retail sales of convenience stores in Canada 2013-2018 27 Forecasted retail sales of discount stores in Canada 2013-2018

Consumer behavior

29 Reasons for choosing a grocery store to shop at in Canada 2014 30 Reasons for choosing a specific store for grocery shopping in Canada 2017 31 Reasons for grocery shopping at multiple stores in Canada 2014 32 Most popular food and beverage stores among consumers in Canada 2015 33 Top grocery stores at which consumers regularly shop in Canada 2017 34 Grocery retailers with the freshest products according to consumers in Canada 2014 35 Grocery store sections shopped on most recent shopping trip in Canada 2017 36 Mobile app usage for grocery shopping in Canada 2013, by age group 37 Preferred online options for grocery shopping in Canada 2014 38 Effects of music in grocery stores according to customers in Canada 2015

Leading retailers 40 Annual grocery sales of selected retailers in Canada 2014, by brand 41 Net sales growth of Costco in Canada 2013-2017 42 Number of Costco warehouses in Canada 2016, by province 43 Revenue of Loblaw Companies Limited Canada 2012-2017 44 Retail sales of Loblaw Companies Limited Canada 2013-2017 45 Annual grocery sales of Loblaw in Canada 2014, by brand 46 Annual grocery sales of Walmart in Canada 2014, by brand 47 Number of Walmart stores in Canada 2012-2017 48 Revenue of Sobeys in Canada 2013-2017 49 Sales of Metro, Inc. in Canada 2010-2017 50 Annual grocery sales of Metro in Canada 2014, by brand 51 Number of Metro, Inc. properties in Canada 2017, by type Supermarkets and grocery stores in Canada Market overview Market overview 7

Distribution of the supermarket and grocery store industry in Canada 2010-2015 Distribution of the supermarket and grocery store industry in Canada from 2010 to 2015, by market share

Chart Title Top 3 players All other

120.0%

100.0% 46.9% 46.4% 45.3% 41% 38.5% 36.6%

80.0%

63.4% 60.0% 61.5% 59%

Market share 53.1% 53.6% 54.7%

40.0%

20.0%

0.0% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Note: Canada; 2010 to 2015

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 53.

Source: IBISWorld ID 461397 Market overview 8

Number of grocery stores in Canada 2016, by region Number of grocery stores in Canada as of December 2016, by region*

data 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500

Ontario 4,835

Quebec 4,245

British Columbia 1,653

Alberta 1,567

Manitoba 566

Newfoundland and Labrador 520

Saskatchewan 520

Northwest Territories 438

New Brunswick 342

Prince Edward Island 64

Nova Scotia 50

Nunavut 43

Yukon Territory 18

Number of stores

Note: Canada; as of December 2016

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 54.

Source: StatCan; Industry Canada ID 459530 Market overview 9

Number of grocery stores in Canada 2015, by employment size Number of grocery stores in Canada as of December 2015, by employment size

data 9000

8000 7,755

7000

5,921 6000

5000

4000 Number of stores

3000

2000

1,220

1000

14 0 Micro (1-4 employees) Small (5-99 employees) Medium (100-499 employees) Large (500+ employees)

Note: Canada; as of December 2015

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 55.

Source: StatCan; Industry Canada ID 459536 Market overview 10

Number of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada 2016, by region Number of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada as of December 2016, by region*

data 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Ontario 2,247

Quebec 1,906

British Columbia 1,109

Alberta 880

Manitoba 382

Saskatchewan 371

Northwest Territories 211

Newfoundland and Labrador 208

New Brunswick 160

Prince Edward Island 39

Nunavut 37

Nova Scotia 36

Yukon Territory 16

Number of stores

Note: Canada; as of December 2016

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 56.

Source: StatCan; Industry Canada ID 459540 Market overview 11

Number of stores of selected grocery retailers in Canada 2014, by brand Number of stores of selected grocery retailers in Canada as of October 2014, by brand

data 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Walmart Supercentre 247

nofrills 228

Walmart Discount Store 142

Target 124

Food Basics (Ontario) 116

Loblaw Superstores (West only) 113

Maxi (Quebec only) 111

Costco 87

Extra Foods 86

Super C (Quebec) 85

FreshCo 76

Price Chopper 7

Number of stores

Note: Canada; October 2014

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 57.

Source: Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce; Website (bobleonidas.com) ID 454447 Market overview 12

Distribution of grocery square footage in Canada 2015, by company Distribution of grocery square footage in Canada as of May 2015, by company

data 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0%

Loblaw (corporate and franchise) 20.8%

Sobeys & Safeway 19.1%

Metro 10.3%

Ethnic 5.8%

Walmart Canada* 5.7%

Costco 3.3%

Overwaitea 3.2%

Whole Foods 0.5%

Other 31.3%

Share of square footage

Note: Canada; as of May 2015

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 58.

Source: Grocery Business (Canada) ID 452929 Market overview 13

Discount retailer market share of the grocery sector in Canada 2016, by region Discount retailer market share of the grocery sector in Canada as of 2016, by prairie region

data 45.0% 42.1% 41.4%

40.0%

35.1% 35.0%

30.0%

25.0%

20.0% Market share

15.0%

10.0%

5.0%

0.0% Manitoba/Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia

Note: Canada; 52 weeks to October 01, 2016

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 59.

Source: Nielsen; Retail Council of Canada ID 465882 Market overview 14

Average grocery basket size of consumers in Canada 2014, by location type Average grocery basket size of consumers in Canada in 2014, by location type (in Canadian dollars)

data 5000

4500 4,357 4,102

4000

3,443 3500

3000

2500

2000 Basket size in Canadian dollars 1500

1000

500

0 Urban Suburban Rural

Note: Canada; 52 weeks ending September 20, 2014

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 60.

Source: Nielsen ID 457188 Market overview 15

Average grocery basket size per shopping trip in Canada 2014, by gender Average grocery basket size per shopping trip in Canada in 2014, by gender (in Canadian dollars)*

data 40 37.72

35 32.41

15 Basket size in Canadian dollars

0 Male Female

Note: Canada; 52 weeks ending July 26, 2014

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 61.

Source: Nielsen ID 457199 Market overview 16

Leading business priorities of grocery retailers in Canada 2014 Leading business priorities of grocery retailers for the next 12 months in Canada as of March 2014

data 30.0%

25% 25.0% 23%

20.0%

15% 15.0% Share of respondents

10.0%

5.0%

0.0% Increasing sales Keeping current customers Reaching new customers

Note: Canada; March 17 to April 3, 2014; 375 Respondents; Canadian retail businesses

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 62.

Source: Nielsen; American Express ID 434117 Supermarkets and grocery stores in Canada Retail sales Retail sales 18

Retail sales of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada 2012-2016 Retail sales of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada from 2012 to 2016 (in billion Canadian dollars)*

data 90

81.76 80.03 78.32 80 75.74 76.13

Sales in billion Canadian dollars 30

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Note: Canada; 2012 to 2016

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 63.

Source: StatCan ID 432696 Retail sales 19

Change in retail sales of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada 2012-2017 Annual change in retail sales of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada from 2012 to 2017*

data 1.4% 1.3% 1.3%

1.2%

1.0% 0.9% 0.9%

0.8% 0.7%

0.6% Year-on-year change

0.4%

0.2% 0.2%

0.0% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Note: Canada; 2012 to 2017

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 64.

Source: StatCan ID 432902 Retail sales 20

Food store sales in Canada 2004-2017 Food store sales in Canada from 2004 to 2017 (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 100 92.75 91.01 91.83 89.19 90 87.91 87.55 84.45 85.29 82.34 79.28 80 76.31 73.6 72.16 68.26 70

40 Sales in billion Canadian dollars 30

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016* 2017**

Note: Canada; 2004 to 2017

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 65.

Source: Canadian Grocer ID 480265 Retail sales 21

Chain food store sales in Canada 2004-2018 Chain food store sales in Canada from 2004 to 2018 (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 70

59.11 60 57.5 58.38 55.39 54.11 53.36 53 50.76 51.39 49.37 50 47.83 45.64 43.82 44.18 41.43

30 Sales in billion Canadian dollars 20

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017* 2018**

Note: Canada; 2004 to 2018

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 66.

Source: Canadian Grocer ID 480291 Retail sales 22

Independent food store sales in Canada 2004-2018 Independent food store sales in Canada from 2004 to 2018 (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 40 37.79 36.99 37.46 35.62 35.08 34.54 34.55 35 33.69 33.9 32.97 31.45 30.67 29.41 30 28.35 26.84

15 Sales in billion Canadian dollars

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017* 2018**

Note: Canada; 2004 to 2018

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 67.

Source: Canadian Grocer ID 480301 Retail sales 23

Food store sales in Canada 2017, by region and type Sales of food stores in Canada in 2017, by region and type of store (in billion Canadian dollars)

Chart Title Chains Independents

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Ontario 19.79 12.11

Quebec 8.82 15.14

British Columbia** 10.9 4.02

Alberta 9.16 2.92

Atlantic provinces 5.14 1.43

Manitoba & Saskatchewan 4.57 1.85

Sales in billion Canadian dollars

Note: Canada; 2017

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 68.

Source: Canadian Grocer ID 480379 Retail sales 24

Forecasted retail sales of supermarkets in Canada 2013-2018 Forecasted retail sales of supermarkets in Canada from 2013 to 2018 (in billion Canadian dollars)*

data 45 42.58 41.58 42.12 40.94 40.22 39.65 40

15 Retail sales in billion Canadian dollars

0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Note: Canada; 2013 to 2018

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 69.

Source: Canadian Grocer; Euromonitor ID 481009 Retail sales 25

Forecasted retail sales of grocery retailers in Canada 2013-2018 Forecasted retail sales of grocery retailers in Canada from 2013 to 2018 (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 180

160 153.76 150.99 148.16 145.07 141.72 138.21 140

120

100

60 Retail sales in billion Canadian dollars

0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Note: Canada; 2013 to 2018

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 70.

Source: Canadian Grocer; Euromonitor ID 480973 Retail sales 26

Forecasted retail sales of convenience stores in Canada 2013-2018 Forecasted retail sales of convenience stores in Canada from 2013 to 2018 (in million Canadian dollars)*

data 2500

2,031.6 1,975.7 2,005.4 1,942.7 2000 1,898.9 1,917.8

1500

1000 Retail sales in million Canadian dollars

500

0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Note: Canada; 2013 to 2018

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 71.

Source: Canadian Grocer; Euromonitor ID 480991 Retail sales 27

Forecasted retail sales of discount stores in Canada 2013-2018 Forecasted retail sales of discount stores in Canada from 2013 to 2018 (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 20

18.33 17.78 18.01 18 17.36 17.6 17.01

Retail sales in billion Canadian dollars 6

0 2013 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018*

Note: Canada; 2013

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 72.

Source: Canadian Grocer; Euromonitor ID 481004 Supermarkets and grocery stores in Canada Consumer behavior Consumer behavior 29

Reasons for choosing a grocery store to shop at in Canada 2014 Reasons for choosing a grocery store to shop at among consumers in Canada as of September 2014

data 45.0% 42%

40.0%

35.0%

30.0%

25.0%

20% 20.0% 19% Share of respondents

15.0% 14%

10.0%

5.0% 2%

0.0% Price/deals Location Quality Variety/selection Company reputation

Note: Canada; September 2014; 4,827

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 73.

Source: Canadian Grocer ID 482532 Consumer behavior 30

Reasons for choosing a specific store for grocery shopping in Canada 2017 Reasons for choosing a specific store for grocery shopping in Canada as of March 2017

data 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0% 50.0% 55.0%

Is close to where I live 49%

Offers the lowest everyday prices 35%

Has a loyalty program enabling discounts 31%

I can get everything I need in one-stop there 29%

Offers sales on brand name items 23%

Shopping there is quick and easy 22%

Provides flyers that highlight current sale-priced items 20%

Offers a wide choice of brand name products 11%

Keeps the products I always need in stock 11%

Offers a wide choice of private label/store brand products 9%

I like the store atmosphere 9%

Has the freshest products 8%

Offers the highest quality products 7%

Provides friendly and knowledgeable service 6%

Offers in-store coupons 6% Share of respondents

Note: Canada; January to March 2017; 18 years and older; 1,459; Consumers involved in household shopping

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 74.

Source: BrandSpark ID 495727 Consumer behavior 31

Reasons for grocery shopping at multiple stores in Canada 2014 Reasons for grocery shopping at multiple stores among consumers in Canada as of September 2014

data 60.0% 56%

50.0%

40.0%

30.0%

Share of respondents 21% 19% 20.0%

10.0%

0.0% Some stores offer better prices for some products Some stores offer unique products that others do not Some stores offer better quality products than others

Note: Canada; September 2014; 2,835

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 75.

Source: Canadian Grocer ID 483867 Consumer behavior 32

Most popular food and beverage stores among consumers in Canada 2015 Most popular stores for food and beverage products among consumers in Canada as of December 2015

data 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0%

No Frills 10%

Real Canadian Superstore 10%

Walmart / Walmart Supercentre 9%

Loblaws / Loblaws Superstores 8%

Maxi 7%

IGA 6%

Metro 6%

Costco 6%

Sobeys 5%

Safeway 5%

Share of respondents

Note: Canada; November 11 to December 18, 2014; 18 years and older; 7,931; Consumers involved with household shopping

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 76.

Source: BrandSpark ID 436074 Consumer behavior 33

Top grocery stores at which consumers regularly shop in Canada 2017 Most popular stores consumers use regularly for food and beverage shopping in Canada as of March 2017

data 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0% 50.0%

Walmart 45%

Costco 34%

No Frills 25%

Real Canadian SuperStore 25%

Shoppers Drug Mart/Pharmaprix 21%

Sobeys 19%

Metro 18%

Safeway 15%

IGA 13%

Food Basics 13%

Share of respondents

Note: Canada; January to March 2017; 18 years and older; 1,469; Consumers involved in household shopping

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 77.

Source: BrandSpark ID 495712 Consumer behavior 34

Grocery retailers with the freshest products according to consumers in Canada 2014 Grocery retailers with the freshest products according to consumers in Canada as of November 2014

data 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 18.0%

IGA 17%

Costco 16%

Sobeys 12%

Metro 11%

Loblaw 7%

Real Canadian SuperStore 6%

No Frills 4%

Walmart 3%

Maxi 2%

Share of respondents

Note: Canada; November to December 2014; 18 years and older; 60,000; Household shoppers in Canada

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 78.

Source: BrandSpark; Grocery Business (Canada) ID 452881 Consumer behavior 35

Grocery store sections shopped on most recent shopping trip in Canada 2017 Grocery store sections shopped on most recent shopping trip among consumers in Canada as of March 2017

data 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0%

Fresh fruits and vegetables 79%

Mailk and dairy 66%

Baked goods 65%

Fresh meat 46%

Dry goods 38%

Snacks 37%

Canned goods 35%

Frozen food 33%

Specialty foods/cheese 31%

Soft drinks 27%

Deli/packaged meat 25%

Household care 23%

Condiments & dressings 20%

Ready-to-eat/take-out food counter 14%

Pet care 12% Share of respondents

Note: Canada; January to March 2017; 18 years and older; 6,007; Consumers involved in household shopping

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 79.

Source: BrandSpark ID 495696 Consumer behavior 36

Mobile app usage for grocery shopping in Canada 2013, by age group Percentage of internet users in Canada who would use a mobile app for grocery shopping as of July 2013, by age group

data 50.0%

45.0% 43%

40.0%

35.0%

30.0% 26%

25.0%

20.0% 18%

15.0%

10.0% Percentage of respondents answering definitely/likely use

5.0%

0.0% 18-34 35-55 55+

Note: Canada; July 2013; 18 years and older; Internet users

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 80.

Source: Ipsos; eMarketer ID 274925 Consumer behavior 37

Preferred online options for grocery shopping in Canada 2014 Preferred online options for grocery shopping in Canada as of March 2014

data 18.0% 17%

16.0% 15%

14.0%

12.0% 11%

10.0% 9%

8.0% Share of respondents

6.0%

4.0%

2.0%

0.0% Delivered to home Pick up inside the store Use drive-thru pick up Pick up curbside outside store

Note: Canada; 52 weeks to March 29, 2014

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 81.

Source: Retail Council of Canada; Nielsen ID 465906 Consumer behavior 38

Effects of music in grocery stores according to customers in Canada 2015 Leading effects of music heard in grocery stores according to customers in Canada as of November 2015

data 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0%

Enjoy your shopping experience more 58%

Dance or sing in the aisle 34%

Stay until the song you were enjoying finished 33%

Slow down when you're shopping 28%

Stay in the grocery store longer overall 24%

Share of respondents

Note: Canada; November 6 to 22, 2015; 18 years and older; 1,500; share of respondents who answered very/somewhat likely

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 82.

Source: SOCAN ID 499512 Supermarkets and grocery stores in Canada Leading retailers Leading retailers 40

Annual grocery sales of selected retailers in Canada 2014, by brand Annual grocery sales of selected retailers in Canada as of October 2014, by brand (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Costco 8.63

Loblaw Superstores (West only) 6.62

nofrills 4.84

Walmart Supercentre 3.84

Maxi (Quebec only) 2.63

Walmart Discount Store 2.21

FreshCo 1.3

Food Basics (Ontario) 1.27

Extra Foods 1.23

Super C (Quebec) 1.11

Target 0.5

Price Chopper 0.08

Sales in billion Canadian dollars

Note: Canada; October 2014

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 83.

Source: Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce; Website (bobleonidas.com) ID 454452 Leading retailers 41

Net sales growth of Costco in Canada 2013-2017 Year-over-year net sales growth of Costco in Canada from 2013 to 2017

data 10.0% 9%

8.0%

6.0% 5%

4.0%

2% 2.0% YoY sales growth 0.0%

-2.0%

-3% -4.0%

-5% -6.0% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Note: Canada; 2013 to 2017; fiscal year ends on the Sunday closest to August 31 of each year.

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 84.

Source: Costco ID 537498 Leading retailers 42

Number of Costco warehouses in Canada 2016, by province Number of Costco warehouses in Canada in 2016, by province

data 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Ontario 31

Quebec 21

Alberta 16

British Columbia 14

Manitoba 3

New Brunswick 3

Saskatchewan 3

Nova Scotia 2

Newfoundland and Labrador 1

Number of warehouses

Note: Canada; 2016

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 85.

Source: Costco ID 537467 Leading retailers 43

Revenue of Loblaw Companies Limited Canada 2012-2017 Revenue of Loblaw Companies Limited in Canada from 2012 to 2017 (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 50 46.39 46.7 45.39 45 42.61

35 32.37 31.6

Revenue in billion Canadian dollars 15

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Note: Canada; 2012 to 2017

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 86.

Source: Loblaw ID 436618 Leading retailers 44

Retail sales of Loblaw Companies Limited Canada 2013-2017 Retail sales of Loblaw Companies Limited in Canada from 2013 to 2017 (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 50

45.38 45.63 44.47 45 41.73

35 31.6

Retail sales in billion Canadian dollars 15

0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Note: Canada; 2013 to 2017

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 87.

Source: Loblaw ID 436659 Leading retailers 45

Annual grocery sales of Loblaw in Canada 2014, by brand Annual grocery sales of Loblaw in Canada as of October 2014, by brand (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 7 6.62

5 4.84

3 2.63 Sales in billion Canadian dollars 2

1.23

0 Superstores (West only) nofrills Maxi (Quebec only) Extra Foods

Note: Canada; October 2014

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 88.

Source: Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce; Website (bobleonidas.com) ID 454467 Leading retailers 46

Annual grocery sales of Walmart in Canada 2014, by brand Annual grocery sales of Walmart in Canada as of October 2014, by brand (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 4.5

4 3.84

3.5

2.5 2.21

Sales in billion Canadian dollars 1.5

0.5

0 Walmart Supercentre Walmart Discount Store

Note: Canada; October 2014

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 89.

Source: Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce; Website (bobleonidas.com) ID 454485 Leading retailers 47

Number of Walmart stores in Canada 2012-2017 Number of Walmart retail stores in Canada from 2012 to 2017**

data 450

410 400 394 400 389 379

350 333

300

250

200 Number of stores

150

100

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Note: Canada; 2012 to 2017

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 90.

Source: Walmart ID 539497 Leading retailers 48

Revenue of Sobeys in Canada 2013-2017 Revenue of Sobeys in Canada from 2013 to 2017 (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 30

24.62 25 23.93 23.81

20.96

17.35

10 Revenue in billion Canadian dollars

0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Note: Canada; 2013 to 2017; Fiscal year ended May 6, 2017

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 91.

Source: Empire Company ID 461484 Leading retailers 49

Sales of Metro, Inc. in Canada 2010-2017 Sales of Metro, Inc. in Canada from 2010 to 2017 (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 14 13.18 12.79 12.22 11.67 11.59 12 11.4 11.02 11.07

6 Sales in billion Canadian dollars 4

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Note: Canada; 2010 to 2017

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 92.

Source: Metro ID 442267 Leading retailers 50

Annual grocery sales of Metro in Canada 2014, by brand Annual grocery sales of Metro in Canada as of October 2014, by brand (in billion Canadian dollars)

data 1.4

1.27

1.2 1.11

0.8

0.6 Sales in billion Canadian dollars 0.4

0.2

0 Food Basics (Ontario) Super C (Quebec)

Note: Canada; October 2014

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 93.

Source: Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce; Website (bobleonidas.com) ID 454475 Leading retailers 51

Number of Metro, Inc. properties in Canada 2017, by type Number of Metro, Inc. properties in Canada in 2017, by type

data 400

350 350 335

300

256 250 226

200

Number of properties 150

100

50 37

0 Neighbourhood stores Supermarkets Drugstores Discount stores Partners

Note: Canada; 2017

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 94.

Source: Metro ID 442228 Supermarkets and grocery stores in Canada References References 53

Distribution of the supermarket and grocery store industry in Canada 2010-2015 Distribution of the supermarket and grocery store industry in Canada from 2010 to 2015, by market share

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source IBISWorld

Conducted by IBISWorld

Survey period 2010 to 2015

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by IBISWorld

Publication date July 2015

Original source media.ibisworld.com

Website URL visit the website References 54

Number of grocery stores in Canada 2016, by region Number of grocery stores in Canada as of December 2016, by region*

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source StatCan; Industry Canada

Conducted by StatCan

Survey period as of December 2016

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Industry Canada

Publication date October 2017

Original source ic.gc.ca

Website URL visit the website References 55

Number of grocery stores in Canada 2015, by employment size Number of grocery stores in Canada as of December 2015, by employment size

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source StatCan; Industry Canada

Conducted by StatCan

Survey period as of December 2015

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Industry Canada

Publication date March 2017

Original source ic.gc.ca

Website URL visit the website References 56

Number of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada 2016, by region Number of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada as of December 2016, by region*

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Excluding convenience stores. Source StatCan; Industry Canada

Conducted by StatCan

Survey period as of December 2016

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Industry Canada

Publication date October 2017

Original source ic.ca.gc

Website URL visit the website References 57

Number of stores of selected grocery retailers in Canada 2014, by brand Number of stores of selected grocery retailers in Canada as of October 2014, by brand

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce; Website (bobleonidas.com)

Conducted by Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce

Survey period October 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Website (bobleonidas.com)

Publication date February 2015

Original source Recovery Room October 2014, page 26

Website URL visit the website References 58

Distribution of grocery square footage in Canada 2015, by company Distribution of grocery square footage in Canada as of May 2015, by company

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Excludes acquisition of Target Canada leases. Source Grocery Business (Canada)

Conducted by Grocery Business (Canada)

Survey period as of May 2015

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Grocery Business (Canada)

Publication date May 2015

Original source Grocery Business May/June 2015, page 58

Website URL visit the website References 59

Discount retailer market share of the grocery sector in Canada 2016, by region Discount retailer market share of the grocery sector in Canada as of 2016, by prairie region

Source and methodology information Notes:

Homescan Grocery Watch: Canada national all channels, 52 weeks to October 01, 2016 Grocery Composite. Source Nielsen; Retail Council of Canada

Conducted by Nielsen

Survey period 52 weeks to October 01, 2016

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Website (sialcanada.com)

Publication date March 2017

Original source 2020 Vision - Staying Ahead of the Curve- Canada, page 14

Website URL visit the website References 60

Average grocery basket size of consumers in Canada 2014, by location type Average grocery basket size of consumers in Canada in 2014, by location type (in Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source Nielsen

Conducted by Nielsen

Survey period 52 weeks ending September 20, 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Website (bobleonidas.com)

Publication date November 2014

Original source Best Bets: 2020 - Finding Growth for Canadian CPG, page 14

Website URL visit the website References 61

Average grocery basket size per shopping trip in Canada 2014, by gender Average grocery basket size per shopping trip in Canada in 2014, by gender (in Canadian dollars)*

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source Nielsen

Conducted by Nielsen

Survey period 52 weeks ending July 26, 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Website (bobleonidas.com)

Publication date November 2014

Original source Best Bets: 2020 - Finding Growth for Canadian CPG, page 18

Website URL visit the website References 62

Leading business priorities of grocery retailers in Canada 2014 Leading business priorities of grocery retailers for the next 12 months in Canada as of March 2014

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source Nielsen; American Express

Conducted by Nielsen

Survey period March 17 to April 3, 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents 375

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics Canadian retail businesses

Published by Retail Council of Canada

Publication date June 2014

Original source High Road Communications 2014, page 24

Website URL visit the website References 63

Retail sales of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada 2012-2016 Retail sales of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada from 2012 to 2016 (in billion Canadian dollars)*

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Unadjusted. Excluding convenience stores. Figures have been rounded. Source StatCan

Conducted by StatCan

Survey period 2012 to 2016

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by StatCan

Publication date October 2017

Original source statcan.gc.ca

Website URL visit the website References 64

Change in retail sales of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada 2012-2017 Annual change in retail sales of supermarkets and other grocery stores in Canada from 2012 to 2017*

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Seasonally adjusted. Not including convenience stores. Data from 2012 to 2016 are taken from previous reports. Source StatCan

Conducted by StatCan

Survey period 2012 to 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by StatCan

Publication date February 2018

Original source Retail Trade Canada December 2017, page 6

Website URL visit the website References 65

Food store sales in Canada 2004-2017 Food store sales in Canada from 2004 to 2017 (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Estimate ** Forecast Figures have been rounded. Source Canadian Grocer

Conducted by Canadian Grocer

Survey period 2004 to 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Canadian Grocer

Publication date March 2017

Original source canadiangrocer.com

Website URL visit the website References 66

Chain food store sales in Canada 2004-2018 Chain food store sales in Canada from 2004 to 2018 (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Estimate ** Forecast Figures have been rounded. Source Canadian Grocer

Conducted by Canadian Grocer

Survey period 2004 to 2018

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Canadian Grocer

Publication date March 2018

Original source canadiangrocer.com

Website URL visit the website References 67

Independent food store sales in Canada 2004-2018 Independent food store sales in Canada from 2004 to 2018 (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Estimate ** Forecast Figures have been rounded. Source Canadian Grocer

Conducted by Canadian Grocer

Survey period 2004 to 2018

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Canadian Grocer

Publication date March 2018

Original source canadiangrocer.com

Website URL visit the website References 68

Food store sales in Canada 2017, by region and type Sales of food stores in Canada in 2017, by region and type of store (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Chains are defined as those with four or more stores under single ownership. Figures are Canadian Grocer Estimates using Statistics Canada Source Canadian Grocer data. ** Including Yukon, Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. Figures have been rounded.

Conducted by Canadian Grocer

Survey period 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Canadian Grocer

Publication date March 2018

Original source canadiangrocer.com

Website URL visit the website References 69

Forecasted retail sales of supermarkets in Canada 2013-2018 Forecasted retail sales of supermarkets in Canada from 2013 to 2018 (in billion Canadian dollars)*

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Figures represent the retail selling price, exlcuding sales tax, in constant 2013 prices. Figures have been rounded. Source Canadian Grocer; Euromonitor

Conducted by Euromonitor

Survey period 2013 to 2018

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Canadian Grocer

Publication date December 2014

Original source Canadian Grocer: Executive Report 2014/2015, page 26

Website URL visit the website References 70

Forecasted retail sales of grocery retailers in Canada 2013-2018 Forecasted retail sales of grocery retailers in Canada from 2013 to 2018 (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Excluding sales of gas, business-to-business and services. Figures represent the retail selling price, exlcuding sales tax, in constant 2013 prices. Source Canadian Grocer; Euromonitor Figures have been rounded.

Conducted by Euromonitor

Survey period 2013 to 2018

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Canadian Grocer

Publication date December 2014

Original source Canadian Grocer: Executive Report 2014/2015, page 26

Website URL visit the website References 71

Forecasted retail sales of convenience stores in Canada 2013-2018 Forecasted retail sales of convenience stores in Canada from 2013 to 2018 (in million Canadian dollars)*

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Chain stores only. Figures represent the retail selling price, exlcuding sales tax, in constant 2013 prices. Source Canadian Grocer; Euromonitor

Conducted by Euromonitor

Survey period 2013 to 2018

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Canadian Grocer

Publication date December 2014

Original source Canadian Grocer: Executive Report 2014/2015, page 26

Website URL visit the website References 72

Forecasted retail sales of discount stores in Canada 2013-2018 Forecasted retail sales of discount stores in Canada from 2013 to 2018 (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

*Forecast Figures represent the retail selling price, exlcuding sales tax, in constant 2013 prices. Figures have been rounded. Source Canadian Grocer; Euromonitor

Conducted by Euromonitor

Survey period 2013

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Canadian Grocer

Publication date December 2014

Original source Canadian Grocer: Executive Report 2014/2015, page 26

Website URL visit the website References 73

Reasons for choosing a grocery store to shop at in Canada 2014 Reasons for choosing a grocery store to shop at among consumers in Canada as of September 2014

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source Canadian Grocer

Conducted by Canadian Grocer (Rogers Insights Custom Research)

Survey period September 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents 4,827

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Canadian Grocer

Publication date November 2014

Original source Canadian Grocer, December 2014/January 2015 Issue, page 48

Website URL visit the website References 74

Reasons for choosing a specific store for grocery shopping in Canada 2017 Reasons for choosing a specific store for grocery shopping in Canada as of March 2017

Source and methodology information Notes:

Respondents were able to select three answers. Source BrandSpark

Conducted by BrandSpark

Survey period January to March 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents 1,459

Age group 18 years and older

Special characteristics Consumers involved in household shopping

Published by BrandSpark

Publication date June 2017

Original source Brandspark Canadian Shopper Study 2017, page 33

Website URL visit the website References 75

Reasons for grocery shopping at multiple stores in Canada 2014 Reasons for grocery shopping at multiple stores among consumers in Canada as of September 2014

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source Canadian Grocer

Conducted by Canadian Grocer (Rogers Insights Custom Research)

Survey period September 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents 2,835

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Canadian Grocer

Publication date November 2014

Original source Canadian Grocer, December 2014/January 2015 Issue, page 48

Website URL visit the website References 76

Most popular food and beverage stores among consumers in Canada 2015 Most popular stores for food and beverage products among consumers in Canada as of December 2015

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source BrandSpark

Conducted by BrandSpark

Survey period November 11 to December 18, 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents 7,931

Age group 18 years and older

Special characteristics Consumers involved with household shopping

Published by BrandSpark

Publication date January 2015

Original source BrandSpark Canadian Shopper Study 2015, page 56

Website URL visit the website References 77

Top grocery stores at which consumers regularly shop in Canada 2017 Most popular stores consumers use regularly for food and beverage shopping in Canada as of March 2017

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source BrandSpark

Conducted by BrandSpark

Survey period January to March 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents 1,469

Age group 18 years and older

Special characteristics Consumers involved in household shopping

Published by BrandSpark

Publication date June 2017

Original source Brandspark Canadian Shopper Study 2017, page 32

Website URL visit the website References 78

Grocery retailers with the freshest products according to consumers in Canada 2014 Grocery retailers with the freshest products according to consumers in Canada as of November 2014

Source and methodology information Notes:

The source does not specify the type of survey. Source BrandSpark; Grocery Business (Canada)

Conducted by BrandSpark

Survey period November to December 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents 60,000

Age group 18 years and older

Special characteristics Household shoppers in Canada

Published by Grocery Business (Canada)

Publication date July 2015

Original source Grocery Business July/August 2015, page 23

Website URL visit the website References 79

Grocery store sections shopped on most recent shopping trip in Canada 2017 Grocery store sections shopped on most recent shopping trip among consumers in Canada as of March 2017

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source BrandSpark

Conducted by BrandSpark

Survey period January to March 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents 6,007

Age group 18 years and older

Special characteristics Consumers involved in household shopping

Published by BrandSpark

Publication date June 2017

Original source Brandspark Canadian Shopper Study 2017, page 13

Website URL visit the website References 80

Mobile app usage for grocery shopping in Canada 2013, by age group Percentage of internet users in Canada who would use a mobile app for grocery shopping as of July 2013, by age group

Source and methodology information Notes:

The source does not provide information regarding the number of participants. Source Ipsos; eMarketer

Conducted by Ipsos

Survey period July 2013

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group 18 years and older

Special characteristics Internet users

Published by eMarketer

Publication date October 2013

Original source emarketer.com

Website URL visit the website References 81

Preferred online options for grocery shopping in Canada 2014 Preferred online options for grocery shopping in Canada as of March 2014

Source and methodology information Notes:

The source does not specify the number of respondents or the type of survey. Source Retail Council of Canada; Nielsen

Conducted by Nielsen

Survey period 52 weeks to March 29, 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Website (sialcanada.com)

Publication date April 2015

Original source A Perspective on the Canadian Grocery Industry, page 26

Website URL visit the website References 82

Effects of music in grocery stores according to customers in Canada 2015 Leading effects of music heard in grocery stores according to customers in Canada as of November 2015

Source and methodology information Notes:

Question: "When hearing music you enjoy in a grocery store, how likely are you to do each of the following?" Source SOCAN

Conducted by Various sources (Leger)

Survey period November 6 to 22, 2015

Region Canada

Number of respondents 1,500

Age group 18 years and older

Special characteristics share of respondents who answered very/somewhat likely

Published by SOCAN

Publication date December 2015

Original source Play on: Music is the Food of Business, page 11

Website URL visit the website References 83

Annual grocery sales of selected retailers in Canada 2014, by brand Annual grocery sales of selected retailers in Canada as of October 2014, by brand (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

Figures have been rounded. All figures are estimates. Source Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce; Website (bobleonidas.com)

Conducted by Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce

Survey period October 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Website (bobleonidas.com)

Publication date February 2015

Original source Recovery Room October 2014, page 26

Website URL visit the website References 84

Net sales growth of Costco in Canada 2013-2017 Year-over-year net sales growth of Costco in Canada from 2013 to 2017

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source Costco

Conducted by Costco

Survey period 2013 to 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics fiscal year ends on the Sunday closest to August 31 of each year.

Published by Costco

Publication date December 2017

Original source Costco - Annual Report 2017, page 21

Website URL visit the website References 85

Number of Costco warehouses in Canada 2016, by province Number of Costco warehouses in Canada in 2016, by province

Source and methodology information Notes:

n.a. Source Costco

Conducted by Costco

Survey period 2016

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Costco

Publication date December 2016

Original source Costco - Annual Report 2016, page 5

Website URL visit the website References 86

Revenue of Loblaw Companies Limited Canada 2012-2017 Revenue of Loblaw Companies Limited in Canada from 2012 to 2017 (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

For the years ended December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015 and December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012. Figures have been Source Loblaw rounded. Data from 2012 to 2016 has been taken from previous reports.

Conducted by Loblaw

Survey period 2012 to 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Loblaw

Publication date March 2018

Original source Loblaw Companies Limited 2017 Annual Report, page 1

Website URL visit the website References 87

Retail sales of Loblaw Companies Limited Canada 2013-2017 Retail sales of Loblaw Companies Limited in Canada from 2013 to 2017 (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015 and December 28, 2013. Figures have Source Loblaw been rounded. Data from 2013 to 2016 has been taken from previous reports.

Conducted by Loblaw

Survey period 2013 to 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Loblaw

Publication date March 2018

Original source Loblaw Companies Limited 2017 Annual Report, page 2

Website URL visit the website References 88

Annual grocery sales of Loblaw in Canada 2014, by brand Annual grocery sales of Loblaw in Canada as of October 2014, by brand (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

Figures have been rounded. All figures are estimates. Source Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce; Website (bobleonidas.com)

Conducted by Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce

Survey period October 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Website (bobleonidas.com)

Publication date February 2015

Original source Recovery Room October 2014, page 26

Website URL visit the website References 89

Annual grocery sales of Walmart in Canada 2014, by brand Annual grocery sales of Walmart in Canada as of October 2014, by brand (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

Figures have been rounded. All figures are estimates. Source Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce; Website (bobleonidas.com)

Conducted by Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce

Survey period October 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Website (bobleonidas.com)

Publication date February 2015

Original source Recovery Room October 2014, page 26

Website URL visit the website References 90

Number of Walmart stores in Canada 2012-2017 Number of Walmart retail stores in Canada from 2012 to 2017**

Source and methodology information Notes:

* Page 197 of the Adobe (.pdf) publication.** Unit counts as of January 31, 2016. Data from 2012 to 2015 are taken from previous reports. Source Walmart

Conducted by Walmart

Survey period 2012 to 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Walmart

Publication date March 2017

Original source Walmart - 10-K Report 2017, page 197*

Website URL visit the website References 91

Revenue of Sobeys in Canada 2013-2017 Revenue of Sobeys in Canada from 2013 to 2017 (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

Figures have been rounded. Source Empire Company

Conducted by Empire Company

Survey period 2013 to 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics Fiscal year ended May 6, 2017

Published by Empire Company

Publication date April 2017

Original source Empire Company Limited Annual Report 2017, page 16

Website URL visit the website References 92

Sales of Metro, Inc. in Canada 2010-2017 Sales of Metro, Inc. in Canada from 2010 to 2017 (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

Figures have been rounded. Source Metro

Conducted by Metro

Survey period 2010 to 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Metro

Publication date November 2017

Original source Metro, Inc. Annual Report 2017, page 2

Website URL visit the website References 93

Annual grocery sales of Metro in Canada 2014, by brand Annual grocery sales of Metro in Canada as of October 2014, by brand (in billion Canadian dollars)

Source and methodology information Notes:

Figures have been rounded. All figures are estimates. Source Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce; Website (bobleonidas.com)

Conducted by Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce

Survey period October 2014

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Website (bobleonidas.com)

Publication date February 2015

Original source Recovery Room October 2014, page 26

Website URL visit the website References 94

Number of Metro, Inc. properties in Canada 2017, by type Number of Metro, Inc. properties in Canada in 2017, by type

Source and methodology information Notes:

Metro, Inc. operates in the provinces of Ontario and Québec. Source Metro

Conducted by Metro

Survey period 2017

Region Canada

Number of respondents n.a.

Age group n.a.

Special characteristics n.a.

Published by Metro

Publication date November 2017

Original source Metro, Inc. Annual Report 2017, page 2

Website URL visit the website