Real Estate Capital Awards 2014

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Real Estate Capital Awards 2014 eal Estate Capital launched its inaugural awards last EUROPEAN WINNERS December as part of a desire to continue expand- PAN-EUROPEAN LENDER OF THE YEAR ing and getting closer to our real estate finance Deutsche Bank EUROPEAN FINANCING OF THE YEAR community. During the process, it was fascinating Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Coeur Défense Rto look back at the highlights of 2014 and take soundings about UK LENDER OF THE YEAR the companies and teams that made an impact over the year. Wells Fargo We came up with the categories and shortlists, but deciding EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FINANCING OF THE YEAR the winners was for Real Estate Capital’s readers and clients. Battersea Power Station Development Co & banks EUROPEAN INSURANCE COMPANY LENDER OF THE YEAR There were thousands of votes and respondents were not AXA Real Estate allowed to tick the box for their own firm. That means the 14 EUROPEAN MEZZANINE LENDER OF THE YEAR winners across the 20 categories are the firms their peers DRC Capital judged most worthy. See whether you agree. EUROPEAN CMBS ARRANGER OF THE YEAR Deutsche Bank Five companies won more than one award. Four are giants in EUROPEAN BORROWER OF THE YEAR real estate, operating in the US and Europe and winning awards Great Portland Estates in each region: Bank of America, Blackstone, Deutsche Bank and FUND MANAGER FINANCE TEAM OF THE YEAR Wells Fargo. The fifth, DRC Capital, is one of the new breed of CBRE Global Investors non-bank lenders, an independent firm and pioneer in targeting EUROPEAN DEBT FUND CAPITAL RAISING OF THE YEAR DRC Capital the European financing gap that opened after the financial crisis. EUROPEAN DEBT ADVISER OF THE YEAR Deutsche Bank, internationally respected for its understanding Eastdil Secured of real estate, was the only company to win three awards: pan- EUROPEAN DEBT WORK-OUT ADVISER OF THE YEAR European lender of the year in Europe, plus CMBS arranger/ Brookland Partners EUROPEAN NPL SALE OF THE YEAR lender of the year in both Europe and the US. But rival Bank of IBRC, Project Stone America wasn’t usually far behind and won the European and EUROPEAN NPL ACQUISITION OF THE YEAR US financing of the year categories. There were some very close Blackstone, Project Hercules results: Eastdil pipped competitor CBRE to European debt US WINNERS adviser of the year – but the table was turned for the US award, DEBT FUND CAPITAL RAISING OF THE YEAR with CBRE holding Eastdil down in second place. Lone Star Funds After the review of the winners, the supplement turns to BANK LENDER OF THE YEAR Wells Fargo 2014’s most interesting trends. It was a year when property deals US DEBT BROKER OF THE YEAR picked up and debt capital followed equity into more markets. CBRE The resulting liquidity made borrowing costs even cheaper for MEZZANINE LENDER OF THE YEAR investors, oiling the wheels and underpinning recovery. It also Blackstone Real Estate Debt Strategies CMBS LENDER OF THE YEAR helped the expansion in the number of debt providers, making it THE WINNERS Deutsche Bank essential for lenders and borrowers to understand one another’s FINANCING OF THE YEAR strategies. We hope that’s where Real Estate Capital can play a part. Bank of America, Saks Fifth Avenue 2 REAL ESTATE CAPITAL MARCH 2015 MARCH 2015 WWW.RECAPITALNEWS.COM 3 eal Estate Capital launched its inaugural awards last EUROPEAN WINNERS December as part of a desire to continue expand- PAN-EUROPEAN LENDER OF THE YEAR ing and getting closer to our real estate finance Deutsche Bank EUROPEAN FINANCING OF THE YEAR community. During the process, it was fascinating Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Coeur Défense Rto look back at the highlights of 2014 and take soundings about UK LENDER OF THE YEAR the companies and teams that made an impact over the year. Wells Fargo We came up with the categories and shortlists, but deciding EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FINANCING OF THE YEAR the winners was for Real Estate Capital’s readers and clients. Battersea Power Station Development Co & banks EUROPEAN INSURANCE COMPANY LENDER OF THE YEAR There were thousands of votes and respondents were not AXA Real Estate allowed to tick the box for their own firm. That means the 14 EUROPEAN MEZZANINE LENDER OF THE YEAR winners across the 20 categories are the firms their peers DRC Capital judged most worthy. See whether you agree. EUROPEAN CMBS ARRANGER OF THE YEAR Deutsche Bank Five companies won more than one award. Four are giants in EUROPEAN BORROWER OF THE YEAR real estate, operating in the US and Europe and winning awards Great Portland Estates in each region: Bank of America, Blackstone, Deutsche Bank and FUND MANAGER FINANCE TEAM OF THE YEAR Wells Fargo. The fifth, DRC Capital, is one of the new breed of CBRE Global Investors non-bank lenders, an independent firm and pioneer in targeting EUROPEAN DEBT FUND CAPITAL RAISING OF THE YEAR DRC Capital the European financing gap that opened after the financial crisis. EUROPEAN DEBT ADVISER OF THE YEAR Deutsche Bank, internationally respected for its understanding Eastdil Secured of real estate, was the only company to win three awards: pan- EUROPEAN DEBT WORK-OUT ADVISER OF THE YEAR European lender of the year in Europe, plus CMBS arranger/ Brookland Partners EUROPEAN NPL SALE OF THE YEAR lender of the year in both Europe and the US. But rival Bank of IBRC, Project Stone America wasn’t usually far behind and won the European and EUROPEAN NPL ACQUISITION OF THE YEAR US financing of the year categories. There were some very close Blackstone, Project Hercules results: Eastdil pipped competitor CBRE to European debt US WINNERS adviser of the year – but the table was turned for the US award, DEBT FUND CAPITAL RAISING OF THE YEAR with CBRE holding Eastdil down in second place. Lone Star Funds After the review of the winners, the supplement turns to BANK LENDER OF THE YEAR Wells Fargo 2014’s most interesting trends. It was a year when property deals US DEBT BROKER OF THE YEAR picked up and debt capital followed equity into more markets. CBRE The resulting liquidity made borrowing costs even cheaper for MEZZANINE LENDER OF THE YEAR investors, oiling the wheels and underpinning recovery. It also Blackstone Real Estate Debt Strategies CMBS LENDER OF THE YEAR helped the expansion in the number of debt providers, making it THE WINNERS Deutsche Bank essential for lenders and borrowers to understand one another’s FINANCING OF THE YEAR strategies. We hope that’s where Real Estate Capital can play a part. Bank of America, Saks Fifth Avenue 2 REAL ESTATE CAPITAL MARCH 2015 MARCH 2015 WWW.RECAPITALNEWS.COM 3 AWARDS: EUROPEAN WINNERS Pan-European lender of the year W INNER: teams already in place and ready to made several appearances as a handle increased volumes.” lending partner. D eutsche Bank The bank’s largest deal was its DB also provided a £200m whole €1.5bn refinancing of distressed loan to Park Lane Properties to RUNNER UP: German property company IVG in refinance Grosvenor House Bank of America October. The refinancing included a Apartments, also in the West End, CMBS in December of €680m of the subsequently selling a £39m Merrill Lynch senior debt, known as Deco 2014 mezzanine tranche to Apollo. Bonn, plus a syndication. “We have been lending in the Real Estate Capital’s readers voted “The deal itself was relatively hospitality space since 2011,” says Deutsche Bank as the most straightforward, but it was the sheer Casby. “Since it’s not core for some consistent lender across all sectors size that was unusual,” says Bhavesh lenders, we tend to do well, when a and European countries in 2014. The Patel, the bank’s head of distribution large deal that requires a one-stop- German bank completed more than Gad Casby and underwriting. “It was producing shop appears.” €5bn of deals during the 12 months. stable office income in Germany, BAML was a strong second Once again, it was busiest in the which is pretty much poster-child place in the voting and competed UK, in line with overall investment collateral for CMBS,” throughout the year against volumes, but it was also active in Last year DB was also highly Deutsche Bank to win Europe’s Ireland, Holland, Spain, France, Italy active in the hotel and leisure sector, largest mandates. and its homeland. a corner of the market it likes, as The US bank was active in the UK, “In 2014 every aspect of our “IN 2014 EVERY some other lenders shy away from France, Germany, the Netherlands business grew both in terms of ASPECT OF OUR this somewhat more complex area. and completed three CMBS deals. Its volumes and number of deals,” says In August, the bank completed a stand-out transaction was the €935m Gad Casby, managing director and BUSINESS GREW £200m senior loan to refinance the refinancing of Lone Star’s Coeur head of commercial real estate in BOTH IN TERMS iconic Savoy Hotel in London for Défense in Paris last February, which Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Kingdom Hotel Investments. A also resulted in a €410m CMBS of “We came into the year well OF VOLUMES AND £100m mezzanine loan was provided part of the senior loan in August positioned in terms of having our NUMBER OF DEALS” by Apollo Global Management, which (see below). European financing of the year W INNER: players. First it bought the special- AXA Real Estate came in alongside purpose vehicle that owned the BAML, taking a 34% stake across the Bank of America asset by striking a deal with the debt stack.
Recommended publications
  • Chapter 1: the Turmoil in the Financial Services System
    4 Chapter 1: The Turmoil in the Financial Services System Gunilla A. Sundström & Erik Hollnagel At the time of finishing this book, i.e., December 2010, the impact of the 2007-2008 turmoil in the global Financial Services System (FSS) is still felt by the global economy and the Financial Services industry. In response to the crises, the industry continues to transform itself in front of our very eyes, trying to cope with something that has not yet been completely understood. National governments have intervened in various ways, referred to as rescue, bail-out or economic stimulus policies and programs, often reflecting political positioning as much as sound reasoning. Regulatory bodies such as the US Federal Reserve Bank, the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan, the People’s Bank of China, and the Bank of England have taken unprecedented measures to stabilise the global Financial Services System, to the best of their understanding. New regulatory bodies have emerged, such as the European Systemic Risk Board and the US based Systemic Risk Regulatory Council, both chartered with monitoring of systemic risk; in addition, scope of existing regulatory bodies were broadened. All of these actions were of course taken in response to the financial crisis. While these efforts have been credited with preventing a complete meltdown of the global financial services system, it is not necessarily clear that demands for more regulation will lead to better control of the Financial Services System. In fact, some argue that measures taken by governments and regulatory bodies have prolonged the financial crisis and its impacts (e.g., Taylor, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • The Eurozone Profiteers / 1/ Table of Contents
    THE EUROZONE PROFITEERS / 1/ www.corpwatch.org TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Welcome to the Casino 5 Who Owes Whom? 7 Research by Ester Arauzo Azofra, Pratap Chatterjee, GERMAN BANKING: PAROCHIAL AND OVERBANKED, OR SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL? ................................. 11 Christina Laskaridis, Puck Lo, Myriam Westdeutsche Landesbank: A Jumbo with Engines on Fire and Nowhere to Land 14 Vander Stichele, and Joris Tieleman Depfa and Hypo Real Estate: One-Eyed Man Becomes King in the Land of the Blind 16 Thanks also to Kenneth Haar, Steven Hill, Lily Smith, Commerzbank: Property Lending Can Be a Mug’s Game 19 and Martin Pigeon, who provided valuable input and support for this report. FRENCH BANKING: LESS STATE = LESS HAPPINESS ....................................................................................21 Société Générale: Arrived with a Swagger, Brought Down by a Gamble 23 Crédit Agricole: Ready to Forget Cautious Lessons About Banking 25 Edit & design: Terry J. Allen Dexia: Using Public Funds to Support a Casino 27 Cover design: Pratap Chatterjee Cover cartoon: Khalil Bendib LENDING FRENZY ..................................................................................................................................................31 Spain: An Airport Without Planes, and the Never-Ending Property Boom 33 Greece: Of Disappearing Debt and Illegal Loans 35 Cyprus 39 Ireland: From
    [Show full text]
  • Financial Panics and Scandals
    Wintonbury Risk Management Investment Strategy Discussions www.wintonbury.com Financial Panics, Scandals and Failures And Major Events 1. 1343: the Peruzzi Bank of Florence fails after Edward III of England defaults. 2. 1621-1622: Ferdinand II of the Holy Roman Empire debases coinage during the Thirty Years War 3. 1634-1637: Tulip bulb bubble and crash in Holland 4. 1711-1720: South Sea Bubble 5. 1716-1720: Mississippi Bubble, John Law 6. 1754-1763: French & Indian War (European Seven Years War) 7. 1763: North Europe Panic after the Seven Years War 8. 1764: British Currency Act of 1764 9. 1765-1769: Post war depression, with farm and business foreclosures in the colonies 10. 1775-1783: Revolutionary War 11. 1785-1787: Post Revolutionary War Depression, Shays Rebellion over farm foreclosures. 12. Bank of the United States, 1791-1811, Alexander Hamilton 13. 1792: William Duer Panic in New York 14. 1794: Whiskey Rebellion in Western Pennsylvania (Gallatin mediates) 15. British currency crisis of 1797, suspension of gold payments 16. 1808: Napoleon Overthrows Spanish Monarchy; Shipping Marques 17. 1813: Danish State Default 18. 1813: Suffolk Banking System established in Boston and eventually all of New England to clear bank notes for members at par. 19. Second Bank of the United States, 1816-1836, Nicholas Biddle 20. Panic of 1819, Agricultural Prices, Bank Currency, and Western Lands 21. 1821: British restoration of gold payments 22. Republic of Poyais fraud, London & Paris, 1820-1826, Gregor MacGregor. 23. British Banking Crisis, 1825-1826, failed Latin American investments, etc., six London banks including Henry Thornton’s Bank and sixty country banks failed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rescue and Restructuring of Hypo Real Estate Tat
    Competition Policy Newsletter S The rescue and restructuring of Hypo Real Estate TAT Matthäus Buder, Max Lienemeyer, Marcel Magnus, Bert Smits, Karl Soukup (1) E AID 1. Introduction of insolvency. HRE was no longer able to obtain short‑term financing on the markets and it did not In this article, we briefly describe the case of State have sufficient liquidity reserves to bridge the fund‑ aid for Hypo Real Estate (HRE). HRE is a German ing gap. banking group that got into difficulties in 2008 and was subsequently rescued and nationalised by Ger‑ In addition, HRE faced possible capitalisation dif‑ many. In July 2011, the Commission approved the ficulties attributable to legacy assets that did not aid to HRE on the basis of an in‑depth restructur‑ show an appropriate return on investment when ing plan, which is currently being implemented. considering their actual risk profile. Finally, a lack of IT and risk system consolidation between divi‑ 2. Description of HRE and its difficulties sions made efficient management more difficult. 2.1. The history of HRE 2.3. The bail‑out of HRE In the autumn of 2002, the German HVB bank In order to alleviate HRE’s liquidity constraints group decided, as part of a major reorganisation and to prevent its collapse, the German banking plan, to spin off its international commercial real association tried at the end of September 2008 to estate finance business and the domestic mortgage set up a rescue system by providing about EUR bank participations, establishing HRE in 2003 as 35 billion of liquidity to HRE.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Age of Regulation
    www.berkcap.com | NEWSLETTER | 2nd-Quarter 2009 NEW YORK | DENVER | LONDON A New Age of Regulation Berkshire Capital Securities LLC The American business environment continued a metamorphosis in the first half is a privately-owned investment of 2009 that at times bordered on the surreal. From his perch atop the heights of bank that provides merger, free-spirited American finance, Goldman Sachs chief executive Lloyd Blankfein acquisition, valuation and told the Council of Institutional Investors that his industry needed to revamp its strategic advisory services pay and incentive structure. “Compensation,” he said, “should encourage real to clients focused in the teamwork and discourage selfish behavior, including excessive risk taking.” investment management and Jack Welch, renowned for his laser-like focus on shareholder value and the securities industries. Since quarterly numbers at General Electric, opined that the corporate obsession 1983, Berkshire Capital with short term profits and share price movement was a “dumb idea.” In an has completed over 350 interview with the Financial Times, Alan Greenspan weighed in on the side of transactions (with AUM bank nationalization, at least temporarily, saying it “may be necessary” in order transfer of over $450 billion to “facilitate a swift and orderly restructuring.” Responded Princeton University and an aggregate value of economics professor Alan Blinder in the New York Times: “The financial over $10 billion) and over 200 crisis grows weirder by the day. When philosophical conservatives like Alan valuations, strategic reviews Greenspan start talking about nationalizing banks, you know you’ve passed into and fairness opinions. some kind of parallel universe.” _____________________________ The change agent driving all this soul-searching is Washington, which just 10 years ago repealed the provisions of the Depression-era Glass-Steagall Act Headquartered in New York City, the firm has offices in separating commercial and investment banking.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-American Securities Regulation
    Post-American Securities Regulation Chris Brummert INTRODUCTION International securities regulation has arrived, in spectacular fashion, at the forefront of the country's national debate on financial markets reform. The unprecedented scope of the current financial crisis has exposed the enormous risk that can arise with the cross-border sale of securities.' Meanwhile, the global nature of the Bernie Madoff and Robert Allen Stanford investment frauds, as well as the accounting scandals that toppled once adored multi- nationals Enron and Parmalat, have illustrated the now international reach of con men.2 As a result, policymakers and scholars have vociferously called upon regulatory authorities to better monitor global markets, protect investors par- Copyright C 2010 California Law Review, Inc. California Law Review,Inc. (CLR) is a California nonprofit corporation. CLR and the authors are solely responsible for the content of their publications. t Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. The title of this work is inspired by Fareed Zakaria's excellent book, A POST-AMERICAN WORLD (2008). Drafts were presented and refined at faculty workshops at Georgetown University Law Center, New York Law School, and UCLA School of Law, as well as at colloquia sponsored by the University of Houston Law Center, the University of Illinois College of Law, and Vanderbilt University Law School. This Article benefitted from the insights of William Bratton, Larry Helfer, Don Langevoort, Randall Thomas, and Bob Thompson. Many thanks to Matthew Jaremski and Robby Sasir Pinnamaneni for their keen substantive comments and research assistance. Errors are, of course, entirely my own. 1. See Steven L. Schwarcz, Systemic Risk, 97 GEo.
    [Show full text]
  • Private Equity
    PRIVATE EQUITY AB U DHABI | BEIJING | BRUSSELS | DÜSSELDORF | FRANKFURT | HON G KONG | LONDON I MENL O PARK I MILAN I MUNICH NE W YORK | PARIS | ROME | SA N FRANCISCO | SÃ O PAULO | SHANGHAI I SINGAPORE | TOKYO | TORONTO | WASHINGTON , DC SELECTED TRANSACTIONS Private equity investors have to deal with a number of specific chal - lenges when making their investments or in exit scenarios. We offer ALLIANZ CAPITAL PARTNERS/MAN ROLAND DRUCKMASCHINEN AG our private equity clients and their portfolio companies comprehen - - Advice on the acquisition of Werner Lies GmbH & Co. KG sive legal advice regarding all relevant aspects of the acquisition and BARCLAYS PRIVATE EQUITY disvestiture of assets, the financing of acquisitions and fund formation. - Advice on the intended acquistion of a company in the consumables Our German private equity practice is part of a global private equity sector: German merger control and multijurisdictional filings group which advises small, medium-sized and large sponsors on a CVC CAPITAL PARTNERS worldwide basis. - Advice on the auction process for the sale of Merck Generics by Merck KGaA. - Advice on the acquisition of DYWIDAG-Systems International from OUR SERVICES INCLUDE Industri Kapital I Tax optimized formation of private equity/venture capital fund structures DAIMLER AG I Advising on all M&A-related aspects of an acquisition and divestiture of - Advice on the sale of a 80.1 percent stake in the future Chrysler companies or participations including tax relevant optimization Holding LLC to a subsidiary of Cerberus
    [Show full text]
  • Semmler Young Financial Market Liberalization
    Accepted: Comparative European Politics (2010) Willi Semmler* and Brigitte Young** Lost in Temptation of Risk: Financial Market Liberalization, Financial Market Meltdown and Regulatory Reforms Abstract The current meltdown of the financial markets in the US, which triggered world-wide financial crisis and staggering declines in global growth rates, challenges the assumptions of fast capital market liberalization (CML). Whereas the discussion in previous years has concentrated on the benefits of financial market liberalization, the focus has now shifted to the cost of fast and excessive financial liberalization. In contrast to the theory of perfect capital markets, the paper starts from the more realistic assumption of imperfect capital markets. We deal with the benefits but also the potential shortcomings of CML. Too fast liberalized capital markets, with risk assessments solely left to the market, can trigger boom-bust cycles, the busts precipitated by financial instability, entailing contagion effects and strong negative effects on the real side of the economy. The financial meltdown has created not only new challenges for the Central Banks around the globe, but has also produced initiatives on new financial regulations. We discuss here the most important recommendations put forward by the G20, the US, UK and EU policy proposals for the financial market reforms triggered by the recent financial market meltdown. No final verdict is possible at this time, since the proposals and recommendations issued by the various bodies have to go through the political process. Nevertheless, the regulatory policy fragmentation is already evident between liberal market economies and their tendency to rely more on market modes of coordination and the European countries with coordinated market economies and their trust in non-market coordination.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Handbook on State Aid in the Banking Sector
    Research Handbook on State Aid in the Banking Sector Chapter 8. Crisis aid to banks in Germany Sven Frisch* The financial crisis hit Germany’s banking sector early1 and severely.2 By August 2008, 12 German banks had suffered write-downs totaling €51.3 billion.3 In 2009, the IMF announced that German banks accounted for around a quarter of write-downs in Europe.4 Four German banks, including the country’s third largest, all but collapsed in the process. Commentators argued that the financial crisis was leaving the German banking sector among ‘the most battered […] in Europe’5. The severity of Germany’s first systemic banking crisis since WWII6 required public intervention of unprecedented scale and scope, prompting Chancellor Merkel to say that ‘extraordinary times call for extraordinary measures’. 7 As a spokesperson for Germany’s Federal Agency for Financial Market Stabilization explained, ‘[t]he order of the day was to act as fast as possible because the survival of the German banking sector was at stake’.8 To keep its banking system afloat, and to gradually restore confidence in it, Germany resorted to a wide array of State aid measures, ranging from capital injections (€114.6 billion) and liquidity assistance (€9.5 billion) to guarantees (€447.8 billion) through impaired asset relief measures * Sven Frisch is a référendaire at the General Court of the European Union. At the time of writing, he was an attorney with Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP. All views are his own. 1 OECD, ‘Economic Surveys: Germany 2010’, March 2010 (OECD 2010), 88: ‘German banks were among the first to suffer from the crisis on financial markets that reached Europe in mid-2007’.
    [Show full text]
  • Competition and the Financial Crisis
    Competition and the Financial Crisis This paper served as the basis for a discussion on the financial crisis in the OECD Competition Committee on 17-18 February 2009. It is published under the responsibility of the Secretary General of the OECD and does not necessarily represent the views of the Competition Committee or any Member Country. TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPETITION AND FINANCIAL MARKETS .......................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Principles: Financial sector conditions and competition policy ....................................................... 4 2.1 Special economic features of financial markets ............................................................................... 4 2.2 Competition in financial sector ........................................................................................................ 7 2.3 Competition and stability ............................................................................................................... 11 3. The role of competition policy in financial sector rescue and restructuring .................................. 12 3.1. Development of competition policy in the financial sector ........................................................... 12 3.2 Remaining specificities of competition policy in the financial sector ........................................... 13 3.3 Competition
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the Financial Crisis in Brazil and Germany: a Comparative Analysis of Distinct Developments
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE ECONOMIA TRABALHO DE CONCLUSÃO DE CURSO MBA EM FINANÇAS E GESTÃO DE RISCO The impact of the financial crisis in Brazil and Germany: A comparative analysis of distinct developments Daniel Hoffmann Matrícula nº.: 110234953 ORIENTADOR: Prof. Manuel Alcino Ribeiro da Fonseca SETEMBRO 2011 1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE ECONOMIA TRABALHO DE CONCLUSÃO DE CURSO MBA EM FINANÇAS E GESTÃO DE RISCO The impact of the financial crisis in Brazil and Germany: A comparative analysis of distinct developments __________________________________ Daniel Hoffmann Matrícula nº.: 110234953 ORIENTADOR: Prof. Manuel Alcino Ribeiro da Fonseca SETEMBRO 2011 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 4 2. The financial crisis ............................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 What were the causes of the financial crisis? ................................................................................ 5 2.2 From the subprime crisis to the international financial crisis........................................................ 7 2.3 The liquidity crisis of 2008 ........................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Channels .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dealing with the Financial Crisis and Thinking About the Exit Strategy
    * * – © I. Overview: How to think about the problem The global Major crises always come out of distortions. At the level of the global financial financial system, the basic problem has been the undervaluation of Asian infrastructure is a (managed) exchange rates that have led to trade deficits for Western economies, big remaining forcing on them the choice either of macro accommodation or recession. The issue choice of easy money policies results in excess liquidity, asset bubbles and leverage. Principal agent At the micro level regulatory, tax and structural distortions create problems are key principal-agent problems. Principals are taxpayers, shareholders, bond holders on the micro side and depositors. The agents are central banks, regulators/supervisors, treasury/tax /competition authorities and CEOs/Boards of companies (especially within banks). The agents together have failed the principals by creating incentives that lead to excess leverage, too little capital and the formation of systemically important companies. The mixing of equity and credit culture in this process, and the incentive to maximise private benefits through excessive risk taking while socialising much of the losses, has led to the biggest crisis since the Great Depression and a massive bill for global taxpayers. This crisis was preceded by similar crises in the early 1980s and early 1990s, each one successively larger than its predecessor. But the lessons were not learned. In essence it is a solvency crisis, and that has led to liquidity problems and deleveraging that is bearing down on the economy. Crisis measures There are a number of phases in dealing with such a crisis.
    [Show full text]