Diplomarbeit Vorgelegt Von Felix Forrer Bern, Den 5

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Diplomarbeit Vorgelegt Von Felix Forrer Bern, Den 5 = = = = aÉê= p í ì ÇÉ Ä~âÉê=`Ü~ãéáç å= NVRP= îçå=iá ëÉäç í íÉ=m ìäîÉê=J=aáÉ= hçåëÉêîáÉêìåÖ=ìåÇ=oÉë í ~ ìê áÉêìåÖ= ÉáåÉ ë=^ ì íç ä~Åâ ë= = = = Diplomarbeit vorgelegt von Felix Forrer Bern, den 5. Oktober 2007= = = = = Referent: Prof. BFH Ueli Fritz Koreferent: Prof. HES Tobias Schenkel = = = = == Hochschule der Künste Bern Fachbereich Konservierung und Restaurierung Vertiefungsrichtung Architektur, Ausstattung und Möbel die Hochschule der Künste Bern – ein Teil der Berner Fachhochschule - www.hkb.bfh.ch Der Studebaker Champion 1953 von Liselotte Pulver – Die Konservierung und Restaurierung eines Autolacks Zusammenfassung: Die Geschichte der Firma Studebaker als traditionsreiche Amerikanische Automobilmarke und das Modell Champion Starliner als Massenprodukt und Designobjekt wird aufgearbeitet. Die individuelle Historie des Automobils der berühmten Schweizer Schauspielerin Liselotte Pulver wird recherchiert und das Fahrzeug anhand internationaler Kriterien zur Bewertung von Veteranenfahrzeugen positioniert. Die Lackschäden werden dokumentiert und charakterisiert. Die Lackschichten werden mit zahlreichen Methoden untersucht. Die Geschichte der verschiedenen Lackierungen wird rekonstruiert und ein Restaurierungskonzept erstellt. Mit Vorversuchen und der Umsetzung der Restaurierung wird die Problematik der partiellen Retuschierung monochromer Lackoberflächen behandelt und deren Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt. The `53 Studebaker Champion from Liselotte Pulver – The conservation and restoration of carpaint Abstract: The history of Studebaker as a traditional American car company with its model Champion Starliner as a mass product and object of design is researched. The automobil owned by the famous Swiss actress Liselotte Pulver was taken as a subject for this study. The car was examined and assassed in relation to International criteria applicable to vintage automobiles. The damage to the paintwork is documented and characterized. Each distinct paintlayer is analized using differing methods. The history of each paintlayer is reconstructed enabling an appropriate concept of restoration to be developped. The difficulties and opportunities rising out of such a partial paint restoration of a monochrome laquersurface is illustrated by this study. Danksagung Für die fachliche, materielle, finanzielle und moralische Unterstützung der Diplomarbeit möchte ich mich bei folgenden Personen und Institutionen bedanken: Referent Prof. BFH Ueli Fritz, für die Initiierung und Begleitung der Diplomarbeit, sein breites und detailliertes Fachwissen, das kollegiale Verhältnis und die unzähligen spendierten Cafés und Apéros während der Studienzeit in Bern. Co-Referent Prof. HES Tobias Schenkel, für die Bereitschaft zur Co-Referenz und die kompetente und promte Prüfung der Diplomarbeit im Voraus und die Hinweise auf Verbesserungsansätze. Familie Pulver: Liselotte Pulver für den Kauf des Studis 1953, Georg Pulver für die Entbehrung des Familienwagens und das entgegengebrachte Vertrauen, Dr. Emanuel Pulver für den Versuch zur Rekonstruktion der Fahrzeuggeschichte. René Fisler, Gründer von BGO (Bildungszentrum für Gestaltung und Oberflächentechnik) und Prüfungsexperte der Autolackierer, für das Engagement und die kompetente fachliche Unterstützung bei der Umsetzung der Restaurierung der Diplomarbeit. Fisler AG, Autolackiererei Bümpliz-Süd, für die unentgeltliche Benutzung von Lacken, Infrastruktur und Mitarbeitern. Jürg Schmitter, Autolackierer bei Fisler AG, für sein Engagement, die Hilfestellung und die professionelle Nachmischung der Lacke. Dr. phil.-nat. Nadim Scherrer, für die Betreuung und Bedienung von REM und RAMAN Geräten und die Hilfestellung bei der Interpretation der Resultate. Prof. BFH Stefan Zumbühl, für die Hilfe bei der Interpretation der FTIR-Spektren. Georg Weidmann, COO von Swizöl, für die Beratung und die unentgeltliche Unterstützung der Diplomarbeit mit Produkten von Swizöl. Thomas Hauser, Hauser AG in Zofingen, für die Beratung und die zur Verfügung gestellten Folien zur Beschichtung von Fahrzeugen. Christian Brun, Sihl AG, für die Unterstützung der Diplomarbeit, die Anregungen, Hinweise und Literaturtips und die Entbehrung des historischen Lackbuches. Prof. FHTW Ruth Keller-Kempas, Fachhochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin, für die Empfehlungen, die Einladung nach Berlin und die Zustellung der Broschüre zum Wanderer. Gundula Tutt, Dipl. Restauratorin, für die Beratung und die Literaturempfehlung auf dem Gebiet der Restaurierung historischer Fahrzeuge. Wolf Meyer-zu-Bargholz, Verkehrsmuseum Luzern, für die konkreten Restaurierungstips. Paul Josef Jenni Stiftung, Basel, für die grosszügige finanzielle Unterstützung des Studiums über mehrere Jahre. Bernische Denkmalpflege-Stiftung, für die finanzielle Unterstützung der Diplomarbeit. Studienkollegen an der Hochschule der Künste Bern, im Besonderen Christoph Fasel, Tina Pagel und Beat Waldispühl für die gute Zeit, die moralische und fachliche Unterstützung und die lustigen Momente. Barry Clark für die Korrektur der englischen Zusammenfassung Familie Forrer, Basel, für die finanzielle und moralische Unterstützung während dem Studium und meinem Vater für die Korrektur der Diplomarbeit. Selbstständigkeitserklärung Der Autor erklärt hiermit, sowohl den hier vorliegenden schriftlichen Teil der Diplomarbeit, als auch die Umsetzung der Restaurierung selbstständig erarbeitet zu haben. Fotografien wurden weder retuschiert noch gefälscht. Zitate sind gekennzeichnet. Basel, 4. Oktober 2007 Felix Forrer Diplomarbeit von Felix Forrer, Hochschule der Künste, Bern, Konservierung/Restaurierung, 2007 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Seite 1. ................ Einleitung................................................................................................... 1 2. ................Allgemeiner Teil.......................................................................................... 3 2.1 Der Begriff „Oldtimer“ 3 2.2 Bewertungskriterien historischer Automobile 3 2.3 Gedanken zur Restaurierungsethik 8 2.4 Geschichte der Automobillackierung 10 3. ................ Objektbeschrieb: Studebaker Champion von 1953................................ 16 3.1 Design, Modellreihe, Herstellung, Verkauf und Auszeichnungen 16 3.2 Fahrzeuggeschichte des Starliners von Lilo Pulver 22 3.3 Technische Angaben und Besonderheiten 26 4. .............. Vorzustand und Schadenskartierung...................................................... 37 4.1 Front 37 4.2 Heck 39 4.3 Rechte Seite 40 4.4 Linke Seite 41 4.5 Sonstige Schäden 42 5. ................Charakterisierung und Ursachen der Schadensbilder............................ 43 6. ................ Untersuchungen am Fahrzeuglack.......................................................... 55 6.1 Mikroskopie, FTIR-Spektrometrie, REM und RAMAN-Spektrometrie 55 6.1.1 Methoden 55 6.1.2 Resultate 57 6.1.2.1 Originallackierung 57 6.1.2.2 Reparaturlackierung 60 6.1.3 Zusammenfassung und Diskussion 69 6.2 Schichtdickenmessung 70 6.3 Glanz- und Farbmessungen 74 6.3.1 VDA-Empfehlung 280-3 74 6.3.2 Glanzmessungen 75 6.3.3 Farbmessungen 76 5.4 UV-VIS 86 5.5 Thermographie 88 7. ................ Rekonstruktion der Lackgeschichte und Zusammenfassung der Untersuchungsergebnisse....................................................................... 89 7.1 Originale Werkslackierung – Phase 1, 50er Jahre 89 7.2 Neulackierung – Phase 2, 60er Jahre 90 Diplomarbeit von Felix Forrer, Hochschule der Künste, Bern, Konservierung/Restaurierung, 2007 7.3 Reparaturlackierung – Phase 3, 70er Jahre 91 7.4 Beilackierung – Phase 4, 80er Jahre 92 7.5 Beilackierung – Phase 5, 90er Jahre 93 8. ................Vorversuche und Tests.............................................................................. 94 8.1 Folierung und Spachtelkitte 94 8.2 Lackaufbau 97 8.3 Decklack 97 9. ................ Restaurierungskonzept............................................................................. 99 10. ...............Restaurierung............................................................................................ 101 10.1 Festigungen 101 10.2 Freilegungen 102 10.3 Farbfindung 106 10.4 Beilackierungen 109 10.5 Retuschierungen 112 10.5.1 Kratzer 113 10.5.2 Lackverluste bis auf das Karosserieblech 114 10.5.3 Verwerfungen 118 10.5.4 Sonstige Retuschen und behobene Schäden 122 11. .............. Konservierung ........................................................................................... 126 11.1 Reinigungen 126 11.2 Politur 127 11.3 Versiegelung und Schutz 128 12. .............. Endergebnisse........................................................................................... 129 13. .............. Literatur- und Abbildungsverzeichnis..................................................... 132 14................ Anhang....................................................................................................... 137 14.1 Geschichte der Firma Studebaker 137 14.2 Bestellung von Ersatzteilen in den USA 144 14.3 Diverse Datenblätter 146 14.3.1 DIN-Normen 146 14.3.2 VDA-Empfehlung 150 14.3.3 Verwendete Lacke 153 14.3.4 Airbrush 159 14.3.5 Anforderungen Veteranenstatus Kanton Bern 160 Diplomarbeit von Felix Forrer, Hochschule der Künste, Bern, Konservierung/Restaurierung, 2007 1. Einleitung Der Studebaker Früher war der Studebaker ganz ein schneller Unterteller. Knallrot blitzend, feurig flitzend, voller Rasse, grosse Klasse. Unterdessen rostzerfressen, ungestrichen und verblichen, steht er müssig und plattfüssig in der Ecke ohne Zwecke. Aussen scheckig, Innen speckig, voller Kratzer, Parkplatzpatzer,
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