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A Taxonomic Revision of the Archipini of the Caribbean

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A Taxonomic Revision of the Archipini of the Caribbean A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE ARCHIPINI OF THE CARIBBEAN (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE, TORTRICINAE) A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Kyhl Alexander Austin May 2020 © 2020 Kyhl Alexander Austin ABSTRACT The Archipini fauna of the Caribbean is revised to include 33 species. Most previously described species occurring in the region are redescribed and figured. Fourteen new species are described, three new combinations are presented, and six new synonymies are proposed. In addition, previously unplaced Neotropical species (i.e. “Archipini unplaced”) are assigned to genera. This results in one new genus, seven new combinations, and two additional new synonymies. Males of three species and females of two species are described for the first time. The concept of Claduncaria Razowski is expanded and given a new diagnosis. A unique external sexual coupling mechanism in Claduncaria is proposed and discussed. Genus and species keys, distribution maps, a regional checklist, Neighbor-joining and Maximum Likelihood trees based on COI barcode sequence data are provided. Phylogenetic relationships among Caribbean Archipini are briefly discussed. i BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Kyhl Alexander Austin was born on March 16, 1996 in East Ridge, Tennessee to Deron Nyhl Austin and Lesley Ann Austin. He graduated high school from Chattanooga Christian School in Chattanooga, Tennessee in May 2014. He attended Davidson College in Davidson, North Carolina and earned a B.S. in Biology in May 2018. In June 2018, he began his studies at Cornell University, where he worked towards an M.S. in Entomology. ii To my family and friends, without whom none of this would have been possible. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My academic committee gave me helpful feedback throughout my time at Cornell. Dr. Jason J. Dombroskie, Dr. James K. Liebherr and Dr. Robert A. Raguso gave thoughtful advice and critical comments as I planned and wrote this thesis. Special thanks go to Dr. Jason Dombroskie for recruiting me to Cornell, encouraging my current and future scientific pursuits, and securing funding for my work at Cornell. I thank my family and friends for their support and encouragement during my time at Cornell. Special thanks go to my loving parents, Deron and Lesley. As each chapter is an independent publication, each chapter has an individual acknowledgments section. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………...…..i BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH…………………...…...…………………………………………….ii DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………………….……...iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………………..………………iv TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………...…………………..v PREFACE…………………………………………………………………………………………x CHAPTER ONE: A REVIEW OF THE ARCHIPINI OF THE BAHAMAS WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ARGYROTAENIA STEPHENS (TORTRICIDAE)….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..1 List of figures………………………………………………………………………………...……2 List of tables………………………………………………………………………………..……...3 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………..……..4 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..……5 Materials and Methods…………………………………………………………………..………...6 Results………………………………………………………………………………..……………8 Key to the known species of Archipini of The Bahamas……………….......................……8 Argyrotaenia amatana (Dyar)…………………….……...…………………………..……9 Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana sp. nov. ..……………………………………………….…15 Argyrotaenia kimballi Obraztsov………………………………………………...……....19 Clepsis peritana (Clemens)……………………………………………………...……….24 Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………..27 v References…………………………………………………..……………………………………28 Figures……………………………………………………………………...…………………….32 Tables……………………………………………………………….……………………………37 CHAPTER TWO: NEW COMBINATIONS IN NEOTROPICAL ARCHIPINI AND ATTERIINI (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE: TORTRICINAE), WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS……………………………………………………...……39 List of figures…………………………………………………………………………………….40 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………..42 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………43 Materials and Methods………………………………………………………………...................44 Results……………………………………………………………………………………………45 Argyrotaenia tristriata (Meyrick) (=Argyrotaenia telemacana syn. nov.).....………….45 Farragona gen. nov. …………………………………….………………………………46 Farragona cratista (Walsingham) comb. nov.……...………….………………………..47 Farragona cremnobates (Walsingham) comb. nov. …………...………………………..48 Pandemis heparana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (=Teras jamaicana syn. nov.)……...……49 Raisapoana parana (Busck) comb. nov. ……………...…………….…………………...50 Archipimima mansueta (Meyrick) comb. nov. ………………………….……………….52 Sisurcana biforata (Meyrick) comb. nov. (=Sisurcana valida syn. nov.)………………..53 Sisurcana recurvana (Zeller) comb. nov…………...………...………………………….54 Sisurcana clivigera (Meyrick) comb. nov. …………………...…………...……………..55 Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………..56 References………………………………………………………………………………………..57 vi Figures……………………………………………………………………………………………61 CHAPTER THREE: A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE ARCHIPINI OF THE CARIBBEAN (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE, TORTRICINAE)………………………….64 List of figures………………………………………………………………………………….....65 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………..67 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………69 Materials and Methods…………………………………………………………………………...73 Results……………………………………………………………………………………………77 Key to genera of Caribbean Archipini based on known species…………………………..77 Argyrotaenia Stephens………………………………………………………...................78 Key to the species of Argyrotaenia known from the Caribbean…………………………..79 Argyrotaenia amatana (Dyar) (=A. neibana syn. nov., =A. ochrochroa syn. .nov.)……..82 Argyrotaenia bisignata Razowski.………..…………………………...……....................89 Argyrotaenia browni sp. nov. ……………………………………………..……………..94 Argyrotaenia ceramica Razowski...………………………………………..………….....99 Argyrotaenia ceramica ceramica Razowski.…..……………………...…………………99 Argyrotaenia ceramica granpiedrae Razowski & Becker stat. nov. …………...………105 Argyrotaenia cryptica sp. nov. ………………..……………………………..................107 Argyrotaenia cryptica cryptica ssp. nov. ……………………………………………….108 Argyrotaenia cryptica praeteritana ssp. nov. ………..…………………………………112 Argyrotaenia cubae Razowski & Becker…...…………………………………………..115 Argyrotaenia felisana Razowski…...…………………………………….……………..119 Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana Austin & Dombroskie…………………………………...125 vii Argyrotaenia jamaicana Razowski & Becker…………………………………...……...126 Argyrotaenia kimballi Obraztsov…...…………………………………………………..131 Argyrotaenia nuezana Razowski…………………………………...…………………...132 Argyrotaenia paradisei sp. nov. ………………………………………..………………137 Argyrotaenia razowskiana sp. nov. …………………………………………………….141 Argyrotaenia vinalesiae Razowski & Becker ....………………………………………..144 Claduncaria Razowski………………………...………………………………………..148 Key to described species of Claduncaria……………………...………………………...149 mesosignaria group……………………………………………………………………..151 Claduncaria chalarostium (Razowski & Becker) comb. nov., stat. nov.…....................151 Claduncaria mesosignaria (Razowski) comb. nov (=Argyrotaenia thamaluncus syn. nov.)…………………………………………………………………………………….154 Claduncaria minisignaria (Razowski) comb. nov. ……………………………….……158 Claduncaria rufochlaena Razowski & Becker…………………………...……………..162 Claduncaria taino sp. nov. ……………….…………………………………………….164 ochrochlaena group…………………………………………..………………………...167 Claduncaria maestrana Razowski & Becker (=Clepsis labisclera syn. nov.).…………167 Claduncaria ochrochlaena (Razowski)…………………………...…………………....171 Claduncaria praedictana sp. nov. ………………………………………..…………….174 Claduncaria rawlinsana sp. nov. ………………………………………………………177 Clepsis Guenée……………...………………………………………………………..…181 Key to female Clepsis known from the Caribbean………………………………………183 Key to male Clepsis known from the Caribbean………………………………………...184 viii Clepsis davisi sp. nov. ……………………………….…………………………………185 Clepsis deroni sp. nov. …………………………………………………………………189 Clepsis jamesstewarti sp. nov. ………………………………………….……………...192 Clepsis peritana (Clemens) (=Clepsis pinaria syn. nov.)…………...………..................198 Clepsis peroniae sp. nov. ……………………………………………………................201 Mictocommosis Diakonoff……………………………………………………………...204 Mictocommosis lesleyae sp. nov. …………………...…………………………………..204 Mictopsichia Hübner……………………………………………………………………209 Key to the species of Mictopsichia known from the Caribbean……………...………….211 Mictopsichia cubae Razowski…………………………………………………………..213 Mictopsichia jamaicana Razowski…...………………………………………………...218 Mictopsichia nyhllinda sp. nov. ………………………………….……………………..219 Rubropsichia Razowski……………………………………………………..………….222 Rubropsichia santaremana Razowski.…...…………………………………..................222 Taxonomic checklist of Caribbean Archipini………………………………………..................226 Geographic checklist of Caribbean Archipini by island or archipelago………………………..232 Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………234 Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………240 References………………………………………………………………………………………241 Figures…………………………………………………………………………………………..250 ix PREFACE I began this thesis in June 2018 at the suggestion of Dr. Jason J. Dombroskie, my academic advisor, who thought it would be a manageable group to work on for a master’s thesis. I was broadly interested in moth taxonomy and systematics before arriving at Cornell, but did not have a particular group that I had a strong preference for. With Jason’s help, I quickly became enamored with tortricids and took the Caribbean Archipini and made them my own. Overall, the Archipini of the Caribbean were poorly
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