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November 2007 no. 49 | november 2007 Global civil society | More or less democracy? Preface ....................................................................................................................................2 Introduction Mikael Löfgren and Håkan Thörn ............................................................................ 5 Global civil society – Opportunity or obstacle for democracy? Jan Aart Scholte ........................15 International civil society and the challenge for global solidarity Reinhart Kössler and Henning Melber ........................................................................................ 29 Bringing civility back in – Reflections on global civil society Helmut K. Anheier 41 The power of civility Jai Sen .................................................................................................. 51 The political and its absence in the World Social Forum – Implications for democracy Teivo Teivainen ........................................................................................................................ 69 Linking below, across and against – World Social Forum weaknesses, global governance gaps and the global justice movement’s strategic dilemmas Patrick Bond ................ 81 Global civil society and democracy – A difficult but unavoidable task: visions from the south Moema Miranda .......................................................................................................................97 Civil society and the nation-state – The case of Kenya Steve Ouma ........................................109 The challenges for global civil society in a ‘post-communist’ world Alla G. Glinchikova .........119 The internal contradictions of global civil society – What impact on global democracy? Lorenzo Fioramonti .......................................................131 Corporate globalisation, civil society and post-political regulation – Whither democracy? Christina Garsten and Kerstin Jacobsson ................................................143 Global civil society and de-/democratisation – AIDS politics, anti-apartheid and the World Social Forum Håkan Thörn..............................159 Notes on the contributors .....................................................................................................170 Guest editors Subscribers are kindly requested to Mikael Löfgren inform the Dag Hammarskjöld Centre Håkan Thörn of any changes of address or subscrip- tion cancellations. Series editors Niclas Hällström Editorial office Henning Melber The Dag Hammarskjöld Centre Övre Slottsgatan 2 Language editor SE-753 10 Uppsala, Sweden Wendy Davies Fax: +46-(0)18-12 20 72 E-mail: [email protected] Production, design and layout Website: www.dhf.uu.se Mattias Lasson The opinions expressed in the journal Printers are those of the authors and do not Mediaprint necessarily reflect the views of the Uddevalla, Sweden, Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation. November 2007 ISSN 0345-2328 ISBN 978-91-85214-49-5 Development Dialogue is a forum Mikael Löfgren is a writer and provided by the Dag Hammarskjöld cultural critic. Since 2001 he has taken Foundation since 1972 for critical part in and written about the global discussions of international justice movement and the Social development priorities and challenges. Forum process. Its main focus is on North-South relations and alternative perspectives Håkan Thörn PhD, is an associate to dominant paradigms. Development professor at the Department of Dialogue is published in consecutive Sociology, Göteborg University, numbers on average once or twice a Sweden. He has mainly been working year. on issues related to globalisation and social movements. This guest edited special issue was produced in cooperation with the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation (Riksbankens Jubileumsfond) and its Sector Committee for Research on Civil Society. development dialogue no. 49 november 2007 Global civil society – More or less democracy? Preface .........................................................................................................................2 Introduction .................................................................................................................5 Mikael Löfgren and Håkan Thörn Global civil society – Opportunity or obstacle for democracy? .................................... 15 Jan Aart Scholte International civil society and the challenge for global solidarity ..................................29 Reinhart Kössler and Henning Melber Bringing civility back in – Reflections on global civil society ......................................41 Helmut K. Anheier The power of civility .................................................................................................. 51 Jai Sen The political and its absence in the World Social Forum – Implications for democracy ...................................................................................... 69 Teivo Teivainen Linking below, across and against – World Social Forum weaknesses, global governance gaps and the global justice movement’s strategic dilemmas .........................................................81 Patrick Bond Global civil society and democracy – A diffi cult but unavoidable task: visions from the south .............................................97 Moema Miranda Civil society and the nation-state – The case of Kenya ...............................................109 Steve Ouma The challenges for global civil society in a ‘post-communist’ world .............................119 Alla G. Glinchikova The internal contradictions of global civil society – What impact on global democracy? .........................................................................131 Lorenzo Fioramonti Corporate globalisation, civil society and post-political regulation – Whither democracy? ...............................................................................................143 Christina Garsten and Kerstin Jacobsson Global civil society and de-/democratisation – AIDS politics, anti-apartheid and the World Social Forum .......................................159 Håkan Thörn Notes on the contributors ..........................................................................................170 Preface The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation or Riksbankens Jubile- umsfond (RJ) and the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation have over the years collaborated modestly in a few activities fi nancially supported by the RJ. This publication signals another form of cooperation. It came about as the result of an encounter at the World Social Forum (WSF) in Nairobi in January 2007, where the RJ Sector Committee for Research on Civil Society had organised a Panel on ‘Global civil society – more or less democracy?’. For more than 40 years the RJ has been one of Sweden’s leading funders of research in the humanities and social sciences. It also sets up sector committees in research fi elds that are judged to be signifi - cant but have not yet been developed or given suffi cient attention. These committees are tasked to assist in exploring and strengthen- ing a particular research landscape. They investigate the need for re- search investment and promote the exchange of information in sec- tors considered of special signifi cance. The committees are composed of scholars and representatives of other social agencies and institu- tional interests in Sweden. The Sector Committee for Research on Civil Society was established in late 2003. It meets several times a year and collaborates with a wide international network, as illustrated by the contributors to this volume. Most of them participated as presenters or discussants in the panel at the WSF in Nairobi. In a subsequent meeting during the WSF to discuss further the common interests of the Committee and the Dag Ham- marskjöld Foundation, the idea for this joint collaboration emerged in recognition of the strong overlap in their networks and thematic focus. Since then the Committee has held a meeting at the Dag Hammar- skjöld Centre in early June 2007 and the RJ approved a funding budget to cover substantial parts of production costs of this publication and its wider dissemination through the Foundation. As a result, this special issue of Development Dialogue represents a note- worthy form of collaboration between Swedish researchers and civil society actors with an internationalist orientation and commitment, and also refl ects the cosmopolitan perspective and strong concern for global justice of Dag Hammarskjöld himself. We would like to thank all members of the Sector Committee for being so enthusiastic about this arrangement, the editors and contributors who fi lled the following pages with substance, Wendy Davies for her once again meticulous lan- guage editing, and Mattias Lasson for another professional and creative lay-out. We trust that the results merit our concerted eff orts. Uppsala, July 2007 Henning Melber Mats Rolén Executive Director Research Director Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Riksbankens Jubileumsfond 4 development dialogue november 2007 – global civil society Introduction Mikael Löfgren and Håkan Thörn As part and parcel of the modern discourse of democracy, ‘civil soci- ety’ is one of the essentially contested concepts of political modernity – in the context of political debates and struggles as well as in aca- demic discourse. The 18th century liberal conceptualisation made a fundamental distinction between state and (civil) society. In the 20th century it was Marxists, under the infl uence of
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