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1 4.2 Pan Yuliang (Also Romanized in French As Pan Yu-Lin)

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1 4.2 Pan Yuliang (Also Romanized in French As Pan Yu-Lin) 1 4.2 Pan Yuliang (also romanized in French as Pan Yu-lin) 潘玉良 (1895 – 1977) Chronology This chronology is collated from several sources and critical views including, Xu Yongsheng, ‘Pan Yuliang nianbiao’, in Pan Yuliang meishu zuopin xuan, 1988, largely reprinted in Lu Rongzhi et al, 2006. No copies of the original documents on which this was based were available to me, although a good selection are now available in volume 8 of Fan Di’an ed., Pan Yuliang Quan ji, [8 volumes] Hefei: Anhui Meishu Chubanshe, 2015. Xu Yongsheng’s chronology was written in Anqing in July 1985 where this author was then a middle school teacher and Pan Yuliang’s grandson- in-law. See also Croizier 1998; Ke Mengde et al, 2007. The whole has subsequently been cross-checked against Dong Song, bianzhu, Pan Yuliang Yishu Nianpu, Hefei: Anhui Meishu Chubanshe, 2013, and most changes or notes marked [Dong, 2013]. Since about 50% of Dong’s chronology deals with the years 1929-37 when there is a lot of documentary reinforcement from Chinese published sources, I have somewhat abbrieviated that period. Also to be thanked greatly for sharing their research and views in this tricky field are Professor Wang Yiyan [Wellington], Liu Mia, then a PhD candidate [Chicago], Rita I-wong [Taibei]. Rita Wong’s own website www.artofpanyuliang.org which became available in 2015 after these materials were drafted (here shown as [Wong-2015]), has also sometimes been used to corroborate or extend entries: it valuably reproduces original documents and newspaper reports in Chinese, French and Italian. Please note that below several significant details of Pan Yuliang’s life rely on hearsay so the events marked thus * require further corroboration, or are only given in one source, usually Xu Yongsheng, 1985/1988. Or they may indeed be based on what is thought now to be reliable gossip among those who knew Pan Yuliang at a given period. Some of these stories are more reliable than others, but they should be given even thus in order to indicate a part of Pan Yuliang’s mystique. 1895 June 14, born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. Original name Chen Xiuqing 陈秀清. [Dong, 2013, discussed various theories of birth date. Some documents in Lyon archives indicate 22 May 1899, probably changed to allow her to enter École des Beaux Arts in Paris whose upper entry age was 25 years] 1896 father died. 1903 aged eight years with no siblings, her older sister having died, mother died. Adopted by Uncle who was an opium addict. *1905/1908 aged thirteen years [depending on year of birth to be accepted], with name Zhang Yuliang 张玉良, supposedly sold by her uncle into a brothel in Wuhu. [not in Dong, 2013, 4,5] She later told a friend she worked as a brothel servant and not as a prostitute [Wong- 2015]. 1910 aged fifteen years, started to learn embroidery. 1912 January 1st, Republic of China declared. Emperor Pu Yi abdicates on February 12. 1912 September 1st, Pan Zanhua 潘赞化 become customs collector for Wuhu. He was a revolutionary of the Dongmenhui who had studied in Japan at Waseda University where he knew Chen Duxiu (陈独秀, 1879-1942), a co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921. *1913 Pan Zanhua bought Pan Yuliang out of the brothel. She changed her name to Pan Yuliang from Zhang Yuliang in gratitude to Pan Zanhua and became his second wife [伉礼] with Chen Duxiu as witness. At this time she may have signed the work later given to Anhui Museum, Late Crossing the River, circa 1913-1918, as Pan Shixiu 潘世秀. 1915 Pan Zanhua takes part in Yunnan rising. Awarded a commemoratory watch which he later gives to Pan Yuliang who will take it to France in 1937 [Dong, 2013, 7] 1917 Started to learn painting in Shanghai with Hong Ye 洪野 professor at Shanghai Art Academy [Wong-2015]. May, went to Beijing with Pan Zanhua, returned to Shanghai via Tianjing. 1918 At some point introduced to Liu Haisu by Chen Duxiu *Thought at some point to have had a child by Pan Zanhua which was stillborn. 1919 May 4th, anti-Japanese movement for national autonomy breaks out. 1920 March 19, Shanghai Tuhua Meishu Xueyuan debates on accepting women students at which Liu Haisu, Hong Ye and others present. 2 June 28, Shenbao advertisement for women students. September 7th, Shenbao announces new students of whom 12 women, at Shanghai Meishu Xuexiao (short form Shanghai Meizhuan, Shanghai Art School) including Pan Yuliang, who registered as 潘世秀. Male students had already been admitted to the three-year course in 1919, i.e. women would study for one year less and graduate in 1922. Pan studied, inter alia, with Wang Jiyuan 王济远, Zhu Qizhan 朱屺瞻. October 10, Pan Yuliang gave speech on ‘Individual Optimism’ at Shanghai Art School. October 29, Pan Yuliang went on first sketching trip for both male and female students to Hangzhou led by Liu Haisu, Wang Jiyuan, Wang Yachen. [Wong-2015] This year, Pan Yuliang despite Pan Zanhua’s wishes, took Pan Zanhua’s formal wife Fang Shanyu 方善余(1885-1963) into their joint home. Fang would give birth to Pan Zanhua’s son Pan Mou 潘牟 the following year. 1921 January, as Pan Shixiu, works shown in Shanghai Art School exhibition. March 20, Pan Shixiu present at send-off party of members of Tianmahui [Heavenly Dog Society]. July, Pan Yuliang withdrew from Shanghai Art School, probably because of social pressures over her background. [Dong, 2013, 19-20] July, passed into Institut Franco-Chinois de Lyon with 13 other female students among 160 overall (Dong, 2013, 20-22). Awarded a Chinese government scholarship from Anhui Province (through husband’s official connections, Croizier, 1998). From now on gradually adopted the name Pan Yuliang, or in French Romanization, Pan Yu-lin. August 5, Shenbao records names of 63 males and 11 female students to study at Lyon. August 13, left for France with other students on S. S. Porthos, arrived on September 23, went to Lyon by train that evening. Was in same dormitory as Lin Baoquan 林宝权, Yang Ruanyu 杨润馀. Got to know Fang Junbi 方君璧. [Dong, 2013, 25]. Also met Su Xuelin 蘇雪林 who became lifelong friend and correspondent. October 3, formally registered as a student in Art at Institut Franco-Chinois de Lyon. 1922 continued with French studies became a close friend of Su Xuelin 苏雪林, passed into École nationale des Beaux Arts at Lyon, possibly studied drawing with Professor Régis Deygas [modèle vivant]. The director from 1918-1928 was Jean Larrivé (1875-1928) a sculptor. The Professor of Painting was Georges Décote. [from Inspection Register, 1921, photo courtesy Wang Yiyan] July, Chinese Communist Party founded with Chen Duxiu as Secretary-General. October, received disenrollment letter from Institut Franco-Chinois because she had registered in Paris without their permission. [Wong-2015] 1923 April, Pan Yuliang went to Paris before completing her course at Institut Franco-Chinois de Lyon, but even against regulations was allowed to remain registered there and also received scholarship funds for studying art in Paris without giving school name (possibly studying at one of the free Académies. 1924 April 26, received funds to study from Institut Franco-Chinois de Lyon. June, registered at École nationale supérieure des beaux arts de Paris with registration valid until May 22, 1932. Introduced by Lucien Simon. In same class as Xu Beihong. Studied painting with Pascal Adolphe Jean Dagnan-Bouveret (1852-1929), who also taught Xu Beihong at the same time after his return from Berlin, and Lucien Simon (1861-1945) who later taught Amrita Sher-gil. Other Chinese art students were Fang Junbi 方君璧 and Qiu Daiming 丘代明. Often went to the Louvre, knew Guo Youshou 郭有守 and Shen Peilin 沈沛霖. 1925 Pan Yuliang continued painting studies in Paris where she became friends with artists Zhang Daofan 张道藩 (trained at Slade School, London, later Nationalist Minister of 3 Propaganda and 2nd husband of Jiang Biwei, former wife of Xu Beihong) and Chang Yu (called San Yu in France) 常玉. Pan accompanied Su Xuelin to Lyon because she had to return home on a family matter and for Pan to get her certificate so she could go on to study in Italy for two years. Late in year entered Regia Accademia di Belle Arti denominata di San Luca, studied painting in studio of Umberto Coromaldi (1870-1948), later President of the Accademia, followed by sculpture. [See Tuhua Shibao no.44, 1928, p.3; Shanghai Manhua, no.33 1928, p.6, references from Rita I-Wong] Painted in oils White Crysanthemum sent for exhibition at Nanjing Educational Office Exhibition. 1926 January 7, sends letter to Institut Franco-Chinois de Lyon saying she will study in Rome, the Institut allows this. Painted the oils Watermelon, Ruins of Rome, entered Italian National Fine Arts exhibition with automatic entry. January 11, Tuhua Shibao introduces Pan Yuliang. Her works sent back to China by Qiu Daming and Lin Baoquan were burnt in a cargo-hold fire. [Wong-2015] September 12, Shijie Huabao details portrait by Pan Yuliang of Yolanda Kusa Kube [sic, probably musician Kusakabe Yolanda, a Japanese woman pianist who studied in Rome, see The Reading Eagle, February 9, 1929]. Same issue shows another photograph of Pan Yuliang surrounded by studio colleagues. This year, did sketch of Pan Zanhua now surviving with her relatives. This year, took part in Italian International Art Exposition in Rome where won Gold Medal. 1927 Painted the oils Drunkard, Black Woman, Venice, Balading [Palazzio Baladini at Ravenna?]. Painted the oil Nude. Awarded 5000 lire from Italian Ministry of Education.
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