JULY - AUGUST 2013 Focus

t i b e t a n Bu l l e t i N Th e Of f i c i a l Jo u r n a l o f t h e Ce n t r a l Ti b e t a n Ad m i n i s t r at i o n Volume 17, Issue 4 JULY - AUGUST 2013 Focus

Cultural Genocide on the Roof of the World P - 10 CTA BRIEFING

Sikyong Dr. Lobsang Sangay Completes Two Years in Office P -12

Documentation

The Statement of the Sikyong on the Auspicious Occasion of the Seventy-Eighth Birthday of His Holiness the Great Fourteenth Dalai Lama of Tibet P -18 World Press

‘Anything But Humane’: Tibetan Exposes China from the Inside P - 25

BOOK REVIEW A Walk Through the History of the Roof of the World P - 29

www.tibet.net/en/tibbul His Holiness the Dalai Lama releasing the book titled “Glimpses of the History of Tibet” on 28 July 2013. Also seen in the picture are author Claude Arpi and the director of the Tibet Museum, Tashi Phuntsok Barling

Sikyong Dr. Lobsang Sangay with a group of Taiwanese students at Department of Information and International Relations in Dharamshala on 22 July 2013. contents www.tibet.net/en/tibbul

Focus 10. Cultural Genocide on the Roof of the World TIBETAN Bu l l e t i N Cta Briefing Tibetan Bulletin is an official bi-monthly journal of the Central Tibetan Admin- 12. Sikyong Dr. Lobsang Sangay Completes Two Years in Office, Reaffirms istration. Commitment to Seek Genuine Autonomy for Tibet 13. Ten Questions for Sikyong Dr. Lobsang Sangay

Documentation 18. The Statement of the Sikyong on the Auspicious Occasion of the Seventy- Eighth Birthday of His Holiness the Great Fourteenth Dalai Lama of Tibet Signed articles or quotations do not nec- essarily reflect the views of the Central 20. Statement of Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile on His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s Tibetan Administration. Contributions 78th Birthday are welcome and may be addressed to the editor, Tibetan Bulletin. However the publisher regrets its inability to return unused articles unless they are accom- World Press panied by a self-addressed envelope with adequate postage. 23. A new way forward --by Edward Lucas Tibetan Bulletin is distributed free of 23. Tibetan autonomy poses questions for Hong Kong charge. To subscribe please email the circulation manager or see page 2. --by Michael C. Davis Editor 24. Captives still Lobsang Choedak --by Edward Lucas Email: [email protected] 25. ‘Anything But Humane’: Tibetan Exposes China from the Inside Asst. Editor --by Andreas Lorenz Jamphel Shonu 28. Tibetan prime minister speaks of his own country’s dream Layout & Design --Tony Semerad Dorjee Tsering

Circulation Manager Book Review Tenzin Choephel Email: [email protected] 29. A Walk Through the History of the Roof of the World Tibetan Bulletin is published by: Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration, Dharamshala- 176 215 H.P. India Tel: +91-1892-222510 / 222457

Re g u l a r s Vol. 17, Issue 4 Ne w s Fr o m g Ti b e t & Ex i l e ______4 co n t a c t Ad d r e s s ______31 Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013

Ne w s Fr o m Ti b e t & Ex i l e

Dalai Lama: The Soldier of Peace passion through this comic book. rial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the speech was a His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, is a defining moment of the American civil Nobel laureate for world peace and a rights movement. messenger of social harmony. He has inspired thousands of people around the world with his message of peace 18-year-old monk dies after setting and non-violence. His story is a legacy self on fire; Toll rises to 120 that has been told and retold again and again all over the world. His message of peace, love and compassion is a global phenomena that is becoming all the more relevant in a world mired in serious humanitarian conflicts.

Mr Vijay Kranti is a senior journalist and a Tibetologist. He has presented over a dozen photo-exhibitions on Tibet in India and many other countries. His other books on His Holiness the Dalai ‘Dalai Lama: The Soldier of Peace‘ is Lama include a coffee table book titled a comic book chronicling the life story ‘Dalai Lama Speaks’ and the Hindi edi- of His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. tion of His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s File photo of monk Kunchok Sonam at his mon- The comic book, retold by noted In- autobiography ‘Freedom in Exile’. astery in Ngaba dian author and journalist, Mr Vijay Kranti, was released at a small function Kunchok Sonam, an 18-year-old monk in Dharamsala on 7 August. The comic I have a dream, says His Holiness the of Thangkor Sogtsang monastery in book is suitable for readers from all age Dalai Lama Zoege county in Ngaba region in east- groups and is dedicated to the 1.2 mil- ern Tibet, has died after setting himself His Holiness the Dalai Lama today lion Tibetans who died under Chinese on fire, media reports and human rights spoke from his residence in Dharamsa- occupation and for the hard work of group say. Tibet support groups all over the la, India, on 28 August, about his hope Kunchok Sonam set himself on fire world. and dream in honour of the 50th anniversary of Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I around 8:00 am (local time) Satur- The comic book depicts how the Tibetan Have a Dream” speech. day (20 July) while returning from the monks search out the reincarnation of monastery after a daily prayer service. the previous Dalai Lama, the intriguing In a video message, His Holiness the Today is a special occasion for the lo- relationship between Tibet and China; Dalai Lama said: “I always have one cal Tibetans to hold incense burning how Tibet was occupied; the thrilling dream that within this century the world ceremony (Tib: Sangsol) in the morn- escape of the Dalai Lama into exile and truly becomes a real happy human fam- ing. But on hearing reports of self-im- what makes the present Dalai Lama the ily. In order to achieve that we need to molation, thousands of Tibetans rushed most celebrated and charming personal- have a sense of oneness of human fam- towards the monastery. ily. I think through education and more ity in the present era of human history. The local Tibetans prevented the po- realistic and holistic thinking, I have lice from taking away the body, which confidence that we can develop a sense The author says that even though the one report says was then consigned to of oneness of humanity. Then the very life story of His Holiness has been told the nearby Machu river. Another re- basis of violence and war will no long numerous times, retelling this story is port says the body was taken inside the longer be there and this century will crucial as it underlines the great contri- monastery and a prayer service is being become a century of peace and non- butions of His Holiness the Dalai Lama held. towards proving the power of peace and violence.” non-violence. The situation in the region remains “I Have a Dream” is a public speech de- tense. The authorities have deployed a “The messages espoused by His Holi- livered by American civil rights activist large number of security forces at the ness the Dalai Lama has been embraced Martin Luther King, Jr. on 28 August monastery and cut off the telephone and by hundreds of communities across the 1963, in which he called for an end to Internet lines. racism in the United States. Delivered world who are struggling for justice” Over 120 Tibetans have set themselves to over 250,000 civil rights supporters he said, adding that he hopes to instil in on fire in Tibet calling for the return of from the steps of the Lincoln Memo- people the goodness of love and com- His Holiness the Dalai Lama to Tibet

4 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ne w s Fr o m Ti b e t & Ex i l e and freedom for Tibetans. Tibetan protestors. They also threatened crackdown on Tibetans protesting The Central Tibetan Administration had Tibetans with dire consequences. against illegal mining in Zatoe region of Yushul in eastern Tibet 16 August, issued a white paper on the underlying Several Tibetans were wounded in the causes of the increasing number of self- which left hundreds of Tibetans severe- crackdown, while at least eight Tibet- ly injured. immolations that are currently engulf- ans were detained and 15 others taken ing Tibet. to hospital. “We are deeply concerned over China’s “The reason lies in China’s massive systematic and rampant exploitation policy failure in Tibet over the course of A Tibetan man named Sogpo Choedrup of mineral resources and environment. more than 60 years of its rule. The revo- was grievously injured after he tried to The Chinese government completely lution that is brewing in Tibet is driven kill himself with knife cuts and was tak- tramples upon the Tibetan people’s reli- by political repression, cultural assimi- en away by police, RFA quoted a source gious sentiments and their deep respect lation, social discrimination, economic as saying. Another source said the man for environment,” the Tibetan Parlia- marginalisation and environmental de- had killed himself. ment-in-Exile said in a statement on 22 struction,” noted the white paper titled August. The security forces are planning to “Why Tibet is burning” released this crack down on those sitting in protest January. The mining operations in Tibet are beat Chidza site. ing carried out in complete violation of the laws on environmental protection stipulated in the Chinese constitution, it said, adding that Tibet’s environment affects billions of people in Asia, including China.

“We strongly urge the international community, including world governments, to press the Chinese government to end destruction of Tibet’s ecology,” the Tibetan Parliament said.

Several hundred Tibetans were injured and one reportedly committed suicide, after Chinese security forces used tear The local Tibetans complained that the gas and rampant beating to disperse Several Tibetans Wounded in Crack- mining activities trigger environmental thousands of Tibetans protesting against down on Mining Protest problems and are carried out without diamond mining in Zatoe in eastern Ti- sanctions from the central government. bet’s Yushul region (incorporated into Several Tibetans were injured and one China’s Qinghai province) on 16 Au- reportedly committed suicide, after China’s large-scale exploitation of gust. Chinese security forces used tear gas mineral resources in Tibet has led to and rampant beating to disperse Tibet- sustained socio-economic and envi- The local Tibetans complained that the ans protesting against diamond mining ronmental problems. Massive influx of mining activities trigger environmental in eastern Tibet’s Yushul region (incor- Chinese migrant workers into Tibetan problems and are carried out without porated into China’s Qinghai province) areas deprives Tibetans of employment sanctions from the central government. on 16 August. opportunities. China’s large-scale exploitation of The crackdown followed a tense con- The Central Tibetan Administration in mineral resources in Tibet has led to frontation between Tibetan protesters Dharamsala has repeatedly called on sustained socio-economic and envi- and Chinese miner workers at three China to ensure active participation of ronmental problems. Massive influx of sites having diamond reserves in Zatoe Tibetan people in all decision making Chinese migrant workers into Tibetan in Yushul region since 12 August. process and that social, environmental areas deprives Tibetans of employment and cultural impacts assessment are opportunities. Several military convoys arrived at the carried out. sites, Radio Free Asia quoted a source The Central Tibetan Administration in in the region as saying. Tibetan Parliament Condemns Chi- Dharamsala has repeatedly called on na’s Repression on Mining Protest China to ensure active participation of About 500 armed police stormed min- Tibetan people in all decision making ing sites in Atod Yultso and Zachen The Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile has process and that social, environmental Yultso and fired teargas to disperse the condemned the Chinese government’s

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 5 Ne w s Fr o m Ti b e t & Ex i l e

and cultural impacts assessment are strengthen such efforts by requiring all Chinese police open fire on Tibetans carried out. US agencies that have regular relation- praying on His Holiness the Dalai ships with China to raise salient human Lama’s Birthday US: Human rights situation deterio- rights issues in meetings and to raise rating, urges China to resume uncon- them regularly in public statements and ditional talks on Tibet media interviews, including with Chi- nese-language media, it said. The US government has expressed serious concern over the deteriorating hu- “US officials should use this opportunity man rights in Tibet and urged China to to do what people in China want: to try hold unconditional talks with His Holi- their best to hold the Chinese govern- ness the Dalai Lama or his representa- ment accountable for its human rights tives. violations,” said Sophie Richardson, China director of Human Rights Watch. Uzra Zeya, who led the US side in the annual human rights dialogue with Chi- The US-China dialogue took place na on 30-31 July, said that there has been TashiSonam, a monk of Nyitso monastery, sus- against the backdrop of alarming esca- tains fatal head injury in the police firing, His increasing religious restrictions in Tibet lation in self-immolations by Tibetans Holiness the Dalai Lama’s birthday in Tawu in and Xinjiang. to protest against the Chinese govern- Karze, eastern Tibet, on 6 July 2013. ment’s repressive rule. Since 2009 over “I think we have continued to see a de- 120 Tibetans have set themselves on fire Reports coming out of Tibet say that po- terioration in the over all situation in in Tibet, calling for the return of His Ho- lice opened fire on Tibetans praying for China,” said Ms Zeya. liness the Dalai Lama to Tibet and free- the long life of His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s birthday in eastern Tibet on 6 “We also expressed deep concern about dom for Tibetans. July, leaving several Tibetans severely China’s stepped-up attempts to silence The US state department in its annual injured. dissent and tighten controls over Tibet- human rights report said that Tibetans in ans and Uighurs, emphasizing that poli- Tibet faced severe religious repression On the morning of His Holiness the cies ostensibly designed to maintain sta- and societal discrimination. Dalai Lama’s 78th birthday on 6 July, bility are counterproductive when they hundreds of Tibetans, including monks deny Chinese citizens their universal hu- In June this year, the US Ambassador to and nuns of Nyitso monastery and man rights and fundamental freedoms,” China, Mr Gary Locke, made a rare Chi- Geden Choeling nunnery, gathered she said. nese government-sponsored visit to Ti- to hold prayer service and incense of- bet’s capital Lhasa. During his meeting fering ceremony on a hill in Tawu in “We also urged the Chinese government with local officials, Mr Locke lobbied Karze (incorporated into China’s Sich- to engage in substantive dialogue with for opening access to Tibet to foreign uan Province). They were stopped from the Dalai Lama or his representatives, diplomats, journalists and tourists and moving towards the hill by a contingent without preconditions,” Ms Zeya said. stressed the “importance of preserving of People’s Armed Police, who later The US also raised some specific cases the Tibetan people’s cultural heritage, opened fire on them. of political prisoners, including Dhond- including its unique linguistic, religious Two leading Tibetan Rights groups, up Wangchen, a Tibetan political prison- and cultural traditions.” Free Tibet, based in London and the er, who have been victims of the Chinese “We remain concerned by the deterio- Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and government’s clampdown for expressing rating human rights situation in Tibetan Democracy (TCHRD) now confirm their concerns about the broader denial areas, including the tragic self-immola- that more than 14 Tibetans have been of rights affecting China’s citizens. tions. The US urges Beijing to engage in shot and injured during the firing on un- Human Rights Watch has urged the US substantive dialogue with the Dalai Lama armed Tibetans in Tawu on 6 July. As government to press the Chinese gov- or his representatives without precondi- reported earlier, the incident occurred ernment to adopt concrete and clear tions,” US Embassy deputy spokesman after an altercation ensued when Chi- benchmarks, and evaluate the progress Justin Higgins had said on ambassador nese police tried to intervene at a local in subsequent dialogues. “Without these Locke’s visit to Tibet. Tibetan gathering to pray and celebrate the 78th birthday of His Holiness the benchmarks, the human rights dialogue Secretary of State John Kerry had raised Dalai Lama. risks serving as a perfunctory diplomatic concerns over the human rights situation exercise, rather than a genuinely useful in Tibet during the two-day US-China Dozens were also arrested and tortured advocacy tool,” it said in a statement on Strategic and Economic Dialogue held after the firing on unarmed Tibetans by 30 July. this June. Chinese police. At least twenty people The US government could further were arrested, including some of those

6 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ne w s Fr o m Ti b e t & Ex i l e injured in the shooting, Free Tibet has ularly the NSC, sought to play down the and repression of Tibet. stated in a press release. “grave” issue, the report said. Ms Pillay reiterated her real concern The Tibetans detained were severely The Indian authorities believe two fac- over the grim situation in Tibet. “I have beaten and tortured and were subjected tors have confirmed the March 2005 issued public statements, asking China to shocks from electric prods, Free Ti- atomic blasts. First the unprecedented not to treat this as a security matter but bet said. 72-year-old Yama Tsering had flooding of the river in 2005, believed to look into the root causes of the suf- sustained an arm injury during the inci- to have been caused due to Chinese en- fering of the Tibetans and why they are dent and Lobsang Choedon, a nun, was gineers’ efforts to divert the river wa- seem to be driven to such extreme mea- severely beaten and was hospitalised ter. sures of protests such as self-immola- for serious head injuries sustained as a tion,” she said. result. And secondly, Indian intelligence have noticed in October 2008, that Chinese The UN High Commissioner said the engineers had begun work through Ti- world cares about the sufferings of Ti- China Conducted Nuclear Blasts in bet’s Galung La mountain in Nyingtri betans and urged them not to resort to Tibet to Divert Brahmaputra River: prefecture near the Great Bend of the drastic forms of protests. Report Brahmaputra, confirming yet again that China has conducted 3-4 nuclear blasts nuclear blasts had taken place there ear- in Tibet to divert the Brahmaputra river, lier. German official vows to work for Ti- raising India’s concern that its share of betan cause after retirement water would be reduced and that China Meanwhile, the Chinese authorities have flatly denied that atomic blasts could use it as a leverage against India A member of German Parliament has had been executed to divert the waters by releasing water at anytime it wished, pledged to work for the cause of Tibet of the Brahmaputra. It has steadfastly according to The Times of India, a lead- even after his retirement and urged claimed that all the dams on the Yarlung ing Indian daily. other parliamentarians to support the Tsangpo are run of the river. Tibetan people’s aspiration for free- The report stated that low-yield atomic dom. blasts were reported at Metok county in Nyingtri Prefecture in South-eastern Ti- China has to Address the Grievances “The situation in Tibet has not im- bet (CH: Moutou), located close to Ar- of Tibetans: UN High Commissioner proved over the last many decades. It unachal Pradesh in India and also near Expressing her deep concern over is of utmost importance that our par- the Great Bend of the Brahmaputra. The the grim situation in Tibet, UN High liamentarians and Tibet groups should blasts were aimed to clear Mountainous Commissioner for Human Rights said, provide political support to Tibetans in terrain to divert the river and conducted “China has to examine and address the their quest for freedom,” said Mr Har- at significant depths to avoid detection, grievances of the Tibetans”. ald Leibrecht, a member of the Com- the report said, citing classified Indian mittee on Economic Cooperation and Intelligence documents. Responding to questions on BBC’s Development. He is also the Coordina- World Have Your Say programme on tor for Transatlantic Cooperation on Apparently, the National Security 28 June about the UN’s inability to en- behalf of Federal Foreign Office and Council (NSC) of India has also shared gage China to address the sufferings of one of the co-chair of the Tibet Discus- the information with the United States Tibetans, High Commissioner Navi Pil- sion Group in the German parliament. during the then American defence sec- lay underlined that the situation in Tibet retary Robert Gates, a former CIA di- requires a political solution, and that the In his message to the new parliamentar- rector, during his visit to India in 2008. suffering of the Tibetan people has to be ians who will be elected in the Septem- At the time, US authorities seem to examined by China and addressed. ber elections, MrLeibrecht urged them have admitted to their Indian counter- to raise the issue of Tibet during their parts the complete failure of their satel- Ms Pillay assured that the Human Rights meetings with Chinese officials and un- lites to detect the blasts. Council will apply same yardstick to derlined that the parliamentary group China while reviewing and scrutinising on Tibet can make valuable contribu- India’s the then deputy national security its human rights record this October. tion to the Tibetan cause. adviser S D Pradhan have confirmed the blasts and the efforts made by India to The UN High Commissioner said Chi- “I was involved in the Tibetan cause confront the Chinese with the evidence. na has invited her to visit China and before I became a member of parlia- Other sources in the Research and that she would definitely go to Tibet to ment and will continue to support the Analysis Wing and the National Tech- assess the situation there. Since 2009, cause through other ways after my re- nical Research Organisation (NTRO) over 119 Tibetans have set themselves tirement,” said MrLeibrecht, who plans too corroborated the information. How- on fire to protest against the Chinese to retire from politics after two months. ever, the security establishment, partic- government’s continued occupation

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 7 Fe a t u r e Australia's Major Political Parties Outline Stand on Tibet Issue Before Election

With Australia set to go for federal election on 7 September 2013, a prominent Tibet support group based in Australia, Australia Tibet Council, has sought views of three major political parties about their future foreign policy vis-a-vis China, particularly on the human rights issues and facilitating a lasting solution to the issue of Tibet through dialogue between Beijing and Dharam- sala.

1. What do you see as Australia's role 3. What priority will your party give betan people to represent their inter- in assisting the Tibetan people to ful- to human rights in your over all en- ests and has the mandate to pursue a fil these aspirations? gagement with China? Will you en- peaceful resolution of the Tibet issue. courage the Australian government Will your party leader meet with Dr 2. If your party wins the elections or to join other countries in publicly Sangay when he visits Australia? assumes a significant role in the new expressing concerns over the human government, do you envisage a role rights problems in Tibet? 5. What will your party do to secure for Australia in supporting the dia- unfettered access to Tibet for the Aus- logue process between the Tibetans 4. Will your party leader meet with tralian media, diplomats and tourists and the Chinese? What steps will you the Dalai Lama, a global icon of com- in reciprocity of the freedom that take to encourage the two sides to passion and a Nobel Peace laureate, Chinese officials, media and tourists progress in their dialogue? when he visits Australia. Dr Lobsang enjoy in Australia? Sangay is the person elected by the Ti-

Labor Party's Response

thirteen occasions, in Canberra, Beijing and in provincial regions where most of protests have occurred.

The Federal Labor Government has urged the Chinese government to resume, as a matter of priority, substantive talks with the Dalai Lama's representatives to prevent the situation deteriorating further.

China is well aware of the Federal Labor Government's concerns about the situation in Tibetan regions. Then Prime minister Gillard raised Australia's concern about human rights, including Tibet, in meetings with President Xi Jinping on 7 April and Premiere Li Keqiang on 9 April. Mr Kevin Rudd, leader of Labor Party The Rudd Labor Government remains Lift restrictions on access to Tibetan re- The Federal Labor Government also deeply concerned by the situation in the gions, including for international media joins others in the international commu- Tibetan regions and continues to urge and diplomats. nity in encouraging the Tibetan people Chinese authorities to: not to express their frustrations through Australian Government officials have extreme forms of protest. The Federal Acknowledge and address the underly- consistently conveyed to Chinese au- Labor Government urges Tibetan leading causes of tension in Tibetan regions. thorities our concern about the situation ers to use their influence to discourage in Tibetan regions. the appalling loss of life from self-im- Protect the rights of all Chinese citizens molations. to criticise the government, including Since the self-immolations began in by addressing their grievances in an March 2011, the Federal Labor Gov- The Federal Labor Government will open and transparent manner. ernment has made representations on negotiate dates for the 15th round of

8 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Fe a t u r e human rights talks with China. reflection of Australian community ex- this outcome and continues to seek an pectations. opportunity for the Ambassador to visit The Dalai Lama is a frequent and wel- Tibet. come visitor to Australia. The Federal Labor Government continues to place a high value on access to The Ambassador would use the visit to As with any other visits by the Dalai Tibet for Australian officials, media and become better acquainted with the situ- Lama to Australia, this would be in a tourists. ation there, including through meetings private capacity, reflecting his status as with local leaders and officials. She a spiritual leader and Nobel laureate. The Australian Embassy in Beijing has would also visit Australian aid proj- made a number of requests for the Aus- ects. Australian Labor party leaders have tralian Ambassador to visit Tibet. sometimes met the Dalai Lama unof- The Ambassador would also express ficially and privately during his visits, So far, these requests have been denied Australia's concern about the underly- although not on every occasion. The on the grounds that the timing was not ing causes of tension in Tibetan regions Federal Labor Government has made it convenient. The Australian Embassy of China. clear to China that this is very much a has expressed our disappointment about

Liberal and National Coalition Party

MP again met the Dalai Lama during his subsequent visit to Australia in June 2011.

In 1997, the previous Coalition government initiated a new bilateral dialogue with China on human rights.

According to the Department of For- eign Affairs and Trade, the dialogue “is an important forum for frank exchanges on human rights and for identifying areas where Australia can help China implement international human rights standards, including through technical cooperation”. This is the only Minis- terial-level dialogue China has estab- lished with another country.

Mr Tony Abbot, leader of Liberal and National Coalition The Coalition values the input of the Thank you for providing the opportu- productive and friendly relations with Australian Tibet Council and other hu- nity to outline the views of the Coali- China while calling for improved human rights groups. tion on the important issues facing your man rights in Tibet. members. Between now and the election, the Co- China is a signatory to the Universal alition will be progressively providing On behalf of the Coalition members Declaration of Human Rights, which further details of Our Plan to build a of Parliament and candidates, I am holds that everyone has the right to free- strong prosperous economy and a safe pleased to respond to your recent ques- dom of opinion and expression without and secure Australia. tionnaire. interference, as well as the freedom of peaceful assembly and association. Once announced, the details of our poli- The Coalition has called for peaceful cies will be available at www.liberal. dialogue between China and Tibetan The Leader of the Opposition, the Hon org.au and www.nationals.org.au representatives to ensure Chinese re- Tony Abbott MP met the Dalai Lama, spect for Tibetan human rights. We in his capacity as an important spiritual Thank you for the opportunity to com- have made our concerns known to Chi- leader during his visit to Australia in municate the Coalition's view on im- na about allegations of human rights December 2009. Both Mr Abbott and portant issues facing members of the abuses in Tibet including arbitrary de- the Deputy Leader of the Opposition Australian Tibet Council. tentions, ill treatment and censorship. and Shadow Minister for Foreign Af- We believe that Australia can pursue fairs and Trade, the Hon Julie Bishop Brian Loughnane Federal Campaign Director

Ju l t - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 9 Fe a t u r e

The Australian Greens'

man rights of the Tibetan people. Sena- tor Hanson-Young, our spokesperson on Tibet, has moved motions in the Senate of four occasions over the last three years calling on the Government to engage with China over Tibet. One motion was successfully passed in the Senate. Senator Hanson-Young and her Green colleagues will continue to advocate on behalf of Tibetan people.

Yes – the Australian Greens Leader, Senator Christine Milne, former leader, Senator Bob Brown and our spokesperson for Tibet, Senator Hanson-Young have met with the Dalai Lama and Ti- Christine Milne, leader of Greens Party betan representatives in the past and Australia has an important role in multi- sources and destruction of Tibetan cul- will be pleased to meet with Dr. Lob- lateral and bi-lateral dialogue with ture by the Chinese government. This sang Sangay whenever he visits Austra- China in raising human rights in Tibet conference calls on the government of lia. and by supporting the Tibetan people in China to end the repression in Tibet and Freedom of movement and informa- Australia in their advocacy to end the heed the call of the Tibetans for restora- tion is essential in the struggle for hu- cycle of repression. tion of their rights and freedom. man rights. The Greens will continue to The Greens has adopted a resolution We will continue to press the govern- advocate for unfettered access to Tibet. on Tibet in 2011: That the Australian ment of Australia to support the dia- Senator Hanson-Young has met with Greens recognise the rights of the Ti- logue process and encourage China to Tibetan delegates on a regular basis to betan peoples over their traditional participate. discuss how she can provide assistance homelands and their rights to self-deter- and support to the community. The Sen- mination including cultural and spiritual The Australian Greens have always pri- ator also travelled to Dharamsala with expression. We recognise their elected oritised human rights when it comes to a delegation from the Australia Tibet representatives. Further we condemn China. We have been and will continue Council to speak with the people and the plundering of Tibet's natural re- to be outspoken in support of the hu- meet with community leaders.

Tibet Motion Passed in Australian Senate

CANBERRA: Senator Sarah Hanson-Young from the Greens party moved a motion on Tibet in the upper house of the Australian Parliament.

The following motion was passed in the Senate on 20 March 2013.

That the Senate notes the Australian Government’s efforts to urge Chinese authorities to:

(a) address the underlying causes of tension in Tibetan regions;

(b) end the use of harsh policies, such as increased surveillance and violent crack downs, which have only exacerbated the security situation in Tibetan areas;

(d) resume substantive talks with the Dalai Lama’s representatives to prevent the situation deteriorating further.

10 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Fo c u s Cultural Genocide on the Roof of the World China’s forced resettlement of millions of Tibetan nomads in “New Socialist Villages” has put their livelihoods and cultural identity at jeopardy

A new report provides insight into the “Tibetans have no say in the design of “New Socialist Village” made of iden- annihilation of millennia old way of Ti- policies that are radically altering their tical houses in parallel rows is erected

2004 2009

Bagkarshol (Bagaxue), Taktse (Dazi) county (29°41'49.55" N 91°25'42.04") By 2009 about 90% of the original village housing units have been demolished and rebuilt as a New Socialist Village besides the main road. betan nomadic life being unleashed on way of life, and – in an already highly nearby. the roof of the world. repressive context – no ways to chal- The Chinese government has an- lenge them.” Human Rights Watch, a prominent hu- nounced plans to further rehouse and man rights watchdog, has said in a re- The report addresses defects in the relocate more than 900,000 people in port that China is subjecting millions of quality of the houses provided, absence Tibet Autonomous Region by the end of Tibetans to a policy of mass rehousing of remedies for arbitrary decisions, fail- 2014 and an additional 113,000 nomads and relocation that radically changes ures to restore livelihoods, as well as into sedentary dwellers in eastern Tibet their way of life, and about which they a disregard for autonomy rights nomi- by the end of 2013, the report said. have no say. nally guaranteed by Chinese law in Ti- “Tibetans have no say in the design of betan areas. In a 115-page report released on 26 policies that are radically altering their June, Human Rights Watch said the Tibetans coming from both farming way of life, and – in an already highly re- Chinese government has forcibly evict- and nomadic herding communities, pressive context – no ways to challenge ed over two million Tibetan farmers interviewed by Human Rights Watch them,” said Sophie Richardson, China and herders from their traditional habi- between 2005 and 2012, say that large director of Human Rights Watch. tation to concrete houses under its plans numbers of people relocated or re- “Forging ahead with mass relocation to “Build a New Socialist Countryside” housed did not do so voluntarily, and and rehousing programs in a broadly in Tibetan areas since 2006. that they were never consulted or of- repressive environment will only fuel fered alternatives. They say that many The report titled “They Say We Should tensions and widen the rift between Ti- face financial difficulties as a result of Be Grateful: Mass Rehousing and Re- betans and the Chinese state,” Richard- having to move, reduce their herds, or location in Tibetan Areas of China”, son said. documents extensive rights violations demolish and reconstruct their houses. ranging from the absence of consulta- They claim that new settlements are Selected Testimonies sometimes inferior to the ones they tion to the failure to provide adequate Tibetans coming from both farming compensation, both of which are re- previously inhabited, and that many pledges made to them by local officials and nomadic herding communities, quired under international law for evic- interviewed by Human Rights Watch tions to be legitimate. to induce them to move have never ma- terialised, the report said. between 2005 and 2012, say that large “The scale and speed at which the Ti- numbers of people relocated or rehoused betan rural population is being remod- The analysis of satellite reveals the did not do so voluntarily, and that they eled by mass rehousing and relocation magnitude of change faced by some were never consulted or offered alterna- policies are unprecedented in the post- Tibetan communities. In several cases, tives. They say that many face financial Mao era,” said Sophie Richardson, images show traditional villages en- difficulties as a result of having to move, China director of Human Rights Watch. tirely demolished, while a pre-planned reduce their herds, or demolish and re-

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 11 Fo c u s construct their houses. They claim that cation, however, they have to purchase Where consultation and compensa- new settlements are sometimes inferior these necessities from markets, which tion have been inadequate, the Chinese to the ones they previously inhabited, is clearly increasing their expenditures. government should give affected indi- and that many pledges made to them by Now relying on government subsidies, viduals and families the opportunity to local officials to induce them to move they face innumerable difficulties. return to their original land, to be re- have never materialized. settled in an area nearby or like the one Ming Yue, director of the Yushu Prefec- from which they were removed, and to

2009 2012

Drupshe (Xiezhawo), Taktse (Dazi) county (29°41'49.55" N 91°25'42.04" E) By 2012 about 95% of the original village housing units have been demolished and the inhabitants relocated to the New Socialist Village besides the main road

“People in the village are desperate ture Three River Sources Office, 2010, receive appropriate compensation as re- about abandoning their homes and hav- said at least 60 percent of nomads were quired by Chinese law, it said. ing to resettle. They don’t have any unable to find work after leaving their other skills than farming, and won’t land. Where those adversely affected by re- have any herds or land worth speaking location and rehousing policies are un- Recommendations of anymore. How is the next generation able to provide for themselves, authori- going to survive as Tibetans?” said Ten- Human Rights Watch has urged the ties should take measures to ensure that zin Gyaltso, a villager from Gyamda Chinese government to end forced re- adequate alternative means of liveli- (Jiangda), Tibet Autonomous Region, location of Tibetan nomads to “New hood are available, including return to July 2012. Socialist Villages”, expressing con- herding. cern that this policy, unprecedented in Drolma Tsomo, a resettled nomad from To comply with the recommendations the post-Mao era, has left millions of Yushu prefecture, Qinghai province, of the United Nations Committee on resettled Tibetans’ livelihood and their October 2009, said: “In the new settle- Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights cultural identity at risk. ment we have to buy everything, yet we and other human rights treaty obliga- don’t have an income. You cannot live It said the Chinese government to halt tions, authorities should review the here without cash. The 500 yuan the all projects involving mass relocation Property Rights Law 2007 to ensure it government gives us [per month] is not and rehousing, and allow an indepen- guarantees meaningful security of ten- even enough to cover the electricity and dent assessment of the design and im- ure to occupiers of houses and land. water bills. And then you have to buy pact on these policies, including by Recognize and uphold the rights to free- your own food.” agreeing to long-standing requests by dom of expression, assembly, and asso- various United Nations Human Rights In some cases the location for the new ciation to ensure that Tibetans and others Council Special Rapporteurs to visit. constructions was chosen unscientifi- are able to engage in peaceful activities cally. [For example] some settlements Impose a moratorium on relocation and and raise concerns and criticisms, in- have been constructed on mud-rock rehousing until an independent, expert cluding of government relocation and beds, landslide zones, flood-prone -ar review of existing policies and practic- rehousing policies and practices. eas, or loose ground, noted State Coun- es is carried out to determine whether Human Rights Watch also urges mem- cil Development Research Center Re- they comply with international law. bers and participants in the 2013 Uni- port, December 2009. The review should assess all govern- versal Periodic Review of China at ment policies that require or lead to the A Chinese academic study conducted the UN Human Rights Council to call displacement and resettlement of rural in 2010 concluded that before their on the government to impose a mora- Tibetans, confiscation of their property, relocation, herders were quite self-suf- torium on all relocation and rehousing or imposed slaughter of their livestock, ficient in terms of basic needs such as programs until they meet international the Human Rights Watch said. food, clothing, and shelter. After relo- standards.

12 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 CTA Br i e f i n g Sikyong Dr. Lobsang Sangay Completes Two Years in Office, Reaffirms Commitment to Seek Genuine Autonomy for Tibet

The Central Tibetan Administration re- Sikyong said Tibetans in and outside its efforts on the dialogue phase and iterates its firm commitment to pursue has forged unity and made a concerted pledged to make continued efforts to re- dialogue with the Chinese government effort to ensure a smooth transition after sume contact with the Chinese govern- to seek genuine autonomy for Tibet, His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s historic ment and take initiatives to educate the said Sikyong Dr Lobsang Sangay at a decision to devolve political authority international community, including Ti- special prayer ceremony in Dharamsala to a democratically-elected leader. betans, on the Middle Way Approach. on 8 August marking the second anniversary of successful democratic tran- The Kashag has proceeded with a three- He said the international community sition following His Holiness the Dalai phase approach of consolidation, action strongly supports the Middle-Way ap- Lama’s devolution of political authority and dialogue since assuming office in proach as most viable and pragmatic to the democratically-elected Tibetan August 2011, Sikyong said, adding that solution to address the problem of Ti- leadership. the first two phases have been com- bet. “President Barack Obama in 2011 pleted. applauded His Holiness the Dalai La- Sikyong said the successful demo- ma’s commitment to non-violence and cratic transition His Holiness the Da- Sikyong said “we have been able to dialogue with China and his pursuit of lai Lama’s historic decision to devolve consolidate a smooth democratic tran- the Middle Way Approach, and encour- political authority to a democratically- sition with the support of Indian and aged direct dialogue to resolve long- elected leader has send a clear message international Tibet support groups by standing differences and that a dialogue to the Chinese government that Tibet- hosting their major conferences in that produces results would be positive ans in exile will keep alive the Tibetan Dharamsala.” for China and Tibetans,” Sikyong said. movement. “The action phase witnessed major soli- Sikyong said the task force on negotia- It has strengthened the hopes of Tibet- darity events in several cities including tions would be enlarged and will hold ans inside Tibet that their brethren in New York, New Delhi, Brussels, To- their 26th meeting this September. exile shoulder the responsibility in line kyo, Sydney and others. These solidari- with His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s vi- ty events were complemented by media Self-immolations in Tibet sion and invigorated their courage and awareness and efforts to garner support Sikyong said the situation in Tibet re- determination, he said. for Tibet in Congress and parliaments across the world. Working with friends mains critical as Tibetans continue to The collective effort of His Holiness and supporters of Tibet, we were able set themselves on fire to protest against the Dalai Lama, the people and civil to get resolutions and motions passed China’s repressive rule. servants of the Central Tibetan Admin- in parliaments in the European Union Sikyong reiterated that Tibetans are istration has deepened the international (EU), France, Italy, the United States driven to set themselves on fire in community’s conviction in our commit- and others,” he said. protest by the Chinese government’s ment to democracy, he added. Sikyong said the CTA will now direct policies of political repression, cultural

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 13 CTA Br i e f i n g assimilation, social discrimination, economic marginalisation and environmen- Ten Questions for Sikyong Dr. Lobsang Sangay tal destruction over the last 60 years of its invasion. “The blame and solution On the occasion of the second anniversary of the 14th Kashag, Sikyong Dr Lob- lies squarely with the Chinese govern- sang Sangay gave the following exclusive interview to Tibet.net. ment,” he said. States and other countries. 1. How would you describe your ad- “Through various media, the Kashag ministration’s overall strategic ap- The dialogue phase involves sustained has consistently appealed and categori- proach as you complete two years in efforts and initiatives to resume con- cally discouraged Tibetans in Tibet from office? tact with the Chinese government. Ad- self-immolating as a form of protest. ditional investment will be made to Life is precious and as human beings The 14th Kashag had the formidable educate both Tibetans and external au- we do not want anyone to die in such a challenge of ensuring a smooth transi- diences on the Middle Way Approach. manner. As Buddhists, we pray for the tion in the wake of His Holiness the Da- The Task Force on Negotiations will be soul of the deceased. As Tibetans, it is lai Lama’s historic decision to devolve enlarged and members will have their our sacred duty to support the aspira- his political authority to a democrati- 26th meeting in September 2013 dur- tions of Tibetans in Tibet: the return of cally elected leader while sustaining the ing which ongoing developments in His Holiness the great Fourteenth Dalai Tibetan freedom struggle. The strategic Tibet and China will be reviewed and Lama to Tibet, freedom for the Tibetan approach we have taken at a macro lev- discussed. people, and unity among Tibetans,” he el can be summarized as a three-phase said. integrated approach of consolidation, 2. What is the Middle Way Policy and action and dialogue. Since 2009 over 120 Tibetans, includ- how has this policy benefited Tibet ing young monks, nuns, nomads, farm- The consolidation phase that spanned and Tibetans? ers and students, have self-immolated much of the first year was focused on ensuring a smooth transition. Our pri- to protest against the Chinese govern- As early as the 1970s, His Holiness ority during this time of transition was ment’s continued occupation and re- the Dalai Lama began to formulate a to avoid disruption; and rally all Tibet- pression of Tibet. The self-immolators far-sighted and pragmatic solution to ans and supporters. Towards this end, have called for the return of His Holi- the Tibet issue after consulting various we hosted several major conferences ness the Dalai Lama to Tibet and free- Tibetan leaders in exile and later in the in Dharamshala that brought together dom for Tibetans. 1980s also soliciting feedback from Ti- Tibetan representatives from all across betans inside Tibet. Message to Tibetans the globe and leaders of the Indian and International Tibet Support Groups. The new formulation traversed the mid- Sikyong praised the campaigns initiated dle path between repression and separa- by Tibetans inside Tibet to foster and With His Holiness’ blessing, Tibetans tion – rejecting the repressive and colo- strengthen unity among themselves. inside and around the world have fully nial policies of the Chinese government “Unity is of paramount importance and supported the transition and taken re- towards Tibetans while not seeking we appealed to our brethren to make sponsibility in fulfiling the vision of separation from the People’s Republic continued effort towards this end,” he His Holiness the Dalai Lama. The 14th of China. This win-win proposition, said. Kashag would like to express its appre- which came to be known as the Middle ciation for the support and urge Tibet- Way Approach, calls for genuine auton- Sikyong said the international support ans to continue to do so. This support omy for the Tibetan people within the for the issue of Tibet is a result of His has been instrumental during the con- framework of the People’s Republic of Holiness the Dalai Lama’s vision and solidation phase. achievements and, truth and moral China. This approach was also in sync standing of the Tibetan people. “The The action phase witnessed major soli- with then China’s paramount leader international community recognises Ti- darity events in several cities including Deng Xiaoping’s position that, “except betans as a people with moral character, New York, New Delhi, Brussels, To- for independence, all other issues could honest and truthful. So we urge Tibet- kyo, Sydney and others. These solidari- be discussed and resolved.” ans both in and outside Tibet to main- ty events were complemented by media The Middle Way Approach has enabled tain this recognition,” he said. awareness and efforts to garner support Dharamshala and Beijing to establish for Tibet in congresses and parliaments contact through a series of talks held He also urged Tibetans to shun alcohol across the world. Working with friends between Chinese representatives and and drug addiction and gambling. and supporters of Tibet, we were able envoys of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. to get declarations, resolutions and mo- For the first time, Tibetans inside and For detailed news visit: tions passed in parliaments in the Eu- outside Tibet were able to contact and ropean Union, Australia, Brazil, Japan, www.tibet.net visit one another. Tibetan students and France, Italy, Luxembourg, the United 14 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 CTA Br i e f i n g monks in Tibet visited India to receive tors, their family members and for all Those who have heard or read my re- secular and monastic education, which those who have given their lives for the marks at the Council on Foreign Re- also contributed to the revival of Bud- cause of Tibet. Similar prayer sessions lations (CFR) in Washington DC, the dhism inside Tibet and awareness and were held in the Tibetan settlements in basis of the AFP article, should have solidarity with the exile Tibetans. India and abroad. no grounds to be alarmed. There is no divergence between my comments and Many prominent educated Tibetans Sadly, since 2009, 120 Tibetans have the long-held official CTA position on inside Tibet support the Middle Way self-immolated, including 22 in 2013. major issues such as the role of the Approach because they view it as a re- 103 of them have died. The self-immo- Communist Party in Tibet, democracy alistic and forward-looking approach lators include monks, nuns, nomads, in Tibet, and control of Tibet’s defense. to peacefully resolving the issue of farmers, students and Tibetans from These official CTA positions were artic- Tibet. Furthermore, this approach en- all three Tibetan regions of U-Tsang, ulated in the Memorandum on Genuine ables many governments to support a Kham and Amdo, including the capital Autonomy For the Tibetan People and solution-oriented Tibet policy and helps city of Lhasa. the accompanying Note on the Memo- them raise the Tibet issue in their bilat- randum of Genuine Autonomy for the Political repression, cultural assimila- eral dialogue with China. After Presi- Tibetan People (hereinafter referred to tion, social discrimination, economic dent Barack Obama’s meeting with His as Note), submitted to the Chinese gov- marginalisation, environmental destruc- Holiness the Dalai Lama on July 16, ernment in 2008 and 2010 respectively. 2011, the White House applauded “the tion and lack of religious freedom are Dalai Lama’s commitment to non-vio- the primary factors driving Tibetans to As far as Socialism and the role of Chi- lence and dialogue with China and his self-immolation. According to Human na’s Communist Party in a Tibet that is pursuit of the Middle Way Approach,” Rights Watch, two million nomads were genuinely autonomous is concerned, I and encouraged “direct dialogue to re- resettled in ghetto-like accomodations urge readers to review chapters 3, 4 & 5 solve long-standing differences.” without their full consent and proper of the Note, which clearly states, “The consultation. The repressive policies Memorandum, in no way challenges Another key area where the Middle has also resulted in recent incidents of or brings into question the leadership Way Approach is steadily bearing re- violence in several mining areas in Ti- of the Chinese Communist Party in the sults is in the minds of many Chinese, bet. The only way to end this brutal and PRC. The Memorandum also does not particularly among the intellectuals. grave situation is for China to change challenge the Socialist system of the Some of the Chinese intellectual lumi- its current hardline Tibet policy by re- PRC. Nothing in it suggests a demand naries, including Liu Xiaobo, the im- specting the aspirations of the Tibetan for a change to this system or for its ex- prisoned Nobel Laureate, were signato- people. We are always mindful of the clusion from Tibetan areas.” ries of a courageous open letter in 2008 fact that our compatriots inside Tibet that expressed support for His Holiness hold the key to the Tibet issue. With reference to democracy, I was the Dalai Lama’s peace initiatives. His asked by the CFR event moderator Holiness the Dalai Lama’s outreach to The Kashag has consistently appealed “Do you think you can institute democ- Chinese students and scholars and his to and discouraged Tibetans from dras- racy in a genuinely autonomous Tibet? teachings to Chinese Buddhist practi- tic action, including self-immolation, Will there be real, free political elec- tioners, part of an estimated 300 mil- as a form of protest. As human beings, tions, freedom of expression? It would lion plus Buddhists in today’s Mainland we do not want anyone to die in such be unique to the People’s Republic, China, are also helping reshape Chinese a manner. However, as Buddhists, we wouldn’t it?” The answer to these ques- attitudes towards Tibet and Tibetans. pray for the deceased. As Tibetans, it tions is “no.” As I explained at the CFR is our sacred duty to support the aspira- event, “democracy is what we practice For all the reasons stated above, the tions of Tibetans in Tibet: the return of and this is what we aspire. But this is Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) His Holiness the great Fourteenth Dalai not part of what we are asking.” As ex- remains committed to the Middle Way Lama to Tibet, freedom for the Tibetan plained we do not challenge or demand Approach in resolving the Tibet issue. people, and unity among Tibetans. a change to the socialist system of the PRC and leadership of the Communist The blame as well as the solution for Party if we are granted genuine auton- the self-immolations lies with the Chi- 3. What is the cause of the unprec- omy. nese government. edented wave of self-immolations in Tibet and how has your Administra- 5. What is CTA’s stand on Tibetans tion handled this painful issue? 4. Would you like to make any clari- applying for Indian or other foreign fications on the May 8, 2013 AFP ar- citizenship? ticle Exiled Tibetan PM not challeng- On the second anniversary of the pres- ing Chinese Communist Party’s rule ent Kashag, a special prayer session was in Tibet? The decision to apply for Indian or any held in dedication to 120 self-immola- other country’s citizenship is a personal

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 15 CTA Br i e f i n g choice. The Indian Citizenship Act of based scholarships for higher studies tance in obtaining all their necessary 1955 grants citizenship rights to Ti- to encourage academic excellence. The documents. The Department of Health betans born in India between 1950 and budget also strengthens CTA’s IT in- offers medical care and attention to tor- 1987; and to those born after 1987 if frastructure and upgrades all computer ture survivors among the new arrivals “either of whose parents is a citizen of hardware and software. and also provides them life-skill train- India at the time of his/her birth”. CTA ing. The Department of Religion & Cul- cannot prevent any Tibetan from apply- The voluntary cha-ngul payment by ture gives monthly stipends to the new ing for Indian citizenship. At the same individual Tibetans, which constitutes arrival monks and nuns and facilitates time, CTA cannot compel Tibetans to about 8% of annual CTA’s revenue. I admission into their choice of monas- apply for Indian citizenship, as the ap- commend those Tibetans who are regu- teries and nunneries in India. plication process entails surrendering lar contributors, and encourage others both Registration Certificate (RC) and to begin to make such voluntary contri- Although there is a decrease in the Identity Certificate (IC) documents to butions. The amount is modest, but im- number of new arrivals from Tibet into the Indian authorities. portant symbolically as it reflects a per- India, the Tibetan Reception Centres in sonal commitment to the Tibetan cause Kathmandu, New Delhi and Dharam- Also, the primary objective of CTA is and support for CTA as an institution. shala continue to facilitate their safe political and to provide welfare services journey and looks after their essential to Tibetans in exile. Lastly, let me say that CTA funds are needs until the time they are enrolled in prudently managed with clear controls secular or monastic educational institu- CTA issues bona fide Tibetan letters of in place. Approval is needed from either tions. support through our Offices of Tibet to the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile or its those applying for citizenships abroad. Standing Committee before the Kashag On a related note, we are also committed We also issue “No Objection Certifi- can receive or spend funds. to tackling the problem of youth unem- cate” (NoC) through our Department ployment. We all know that the success of Security to applicants for Indian citi- 7. How is the CTA helping new ar- of any community rests on the pro- zenship. During my administration, we rivals from Tibet and tackling youth ductivity of its youth, and that today’s have so far, received exactly 14 requests unemployment in the Tibetan exile Tibetan youth are tomorrow’s future. for NoC and we have not withheld sup- community? With this in mind, we have launched porting documents for anyone. several initiatives in this arena:

I am happy to report that we have al- • A pilot Business Process Outsourc- 6. What is the state of CTA’s financ- located an additional sum of INR155 ing (BPO) venture was launched in es? lakhs (USD293,000) from the current Dharamshala, as a joint effort of CTA’s CTA budget for the rehabilitation of Tibetan Administration and Welfare CTA is financially sound. During the new arrivals from Tibet in Dharamshala Society (TAWS) and OKS Group, an Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile’s budget and other places. Indian corporation. As part of this ven- session in March 2013 the 14th Kashag ture, the newly-opened BPO center will submitted a budget for the fiscal year The curriculum at the Sherab Gat- employ 50 Tibetans. Depending on the 2013-2014 that includes new revenue sel Lobling School (SGLS), formerly success of the pilot venture more such representing an increase of 23% over known as Tibetan Transit School, has centers could open in the future. the previous budget. We are confident been thoughtfully upgraded and rede- we will not only raise, but also exceed signed. This new program expands the • In addition, employability skills our revenue goal. school’s focus from basic education trainings are being provided to 570 to basic education plus skills and vo- young Tibetans, including new arriv- The current 2013-2014 budget includes cational training. Furthermore, SGLS als, through the Tibetan Career Centre 97 new projects, including programs students who qualify, will now have the (TCC), a project of the USAID-funded for settlement revitalization and youth option to pursue college and university EDOTS program. The TCC operates employment, which will positively im- education. in several satellite centers for the Ti- pact a majority in the Tibetan refugee betan youth throughout various Tibetan community. The budget also includes Beginning this budget year, we have settlements, including in McLeod Ganj, an increase in monthly stipend for for- launched a new program to offer a sec- Dharamshala, HP. mer political prisoners from INR 3500 ond chance for those new arrivals who to 6000, for elderly people without are 35 years and older, and for those • The third initiative for our youth is family from INR 900 to 1500, and for who have dropped out of SGLS and are with The Institute for Small Trade people with special needs from INR unemployed, to reapply for a two-year Training at Neelamangala, Bangalore, 700 to 1500. Health and education for program. managed by the Department of Home. those living below the poverty line are This program has announced a new The Department of Security provides also covered. It includes performance- round of skills training for unemployed new arrivals with much-needed assis-

16 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 CTA Br i e f i n g

Tibetan youth in seven different fields: the highest to date in the history of we are close to finalizing the document cookery, graphic & web design, com- Tibetan education in exile. detailing the modalities of the transfer. puter hardware & networking, medical We are aware of the challenges related transcription, beautician, hairdressing • New College Opportunities in the to the transition and will make every ef- and tailoring. Similar vocational train- United States: CTA and a partner fort possible to ensure a transparent and ing programs are also made available at organization convened a meeting successful transfer. Tibetan Homes Foundation, Mussoorie in Boston on October 14, 2012 which brought together His Holi- and at Selakui. 9. What are your thoughts on the ness the Dalai Lama and more than state of gender equality in the exile 60 deans and admission officers 8. What are some of your new ini- Tibetan community and what mea- from some of the top American tiatives in education and what is the sures has your Administration taken schools including Harvard, Stan- current status of the transfer of CT- in this area? ford, MIT, Caltech, Princeton and SA-run schools to the CTA? Yale. We are hopeful that the number of Tibetan students seeking and The 14th Kashag is fully committed Education continues to be a top priority gaining admissions to high-ranking to gender equality and supports the of our administration. Our literacy rate universities will increase in the welfare and overall advancement of of 84% is better than that of many south coming years. CTA will continue to Tibetan women. Though there is still Asian countries. We want to provide reach out to university officials in much to do, I’m pleased to report that a supportive environment where our the U.S. and elsewhere across the we have made some progress. This in- schools, students and teachers can ex- globe. cludes the fact that female Kalons run cel. Some of the key programs we have two of CTA’s largest departments – launched include: • Bhuntar, Centre for teacher edu- Department of Home, and Department cation: We opened a centre for of Information and International Rela- • Incentivized Scholarship: The in- teacher education at Bhuntar, an tions. Also, women representation in centivized scholarship to offer off-campus branch of Central Uni- the 15th Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile higher funding for higher scores versity of Tibetan Studies, Sarnath. has increased from 8 to 12 compared to was initiated to inspire students to The aim is to give teachers a strong the previous parliament. Women com- work harder and perform at higher foundation in content and pedago- prise 36.5% of the CTA workforce. levels. gy firmly grounded in moral ethics and human values. Yes, the number of women in senior Students from families living be- CTA leadership positions is still much low the poverty line (nyamthak) • Education Advisory Committee too small. This is due to the fact that now receive special scholarships meeting: The first-ever Education promotion within the CTA service is ex- as long as they score a minimum of Advisory Council meeting was held clusively based on seniority. However, 40% in their board exams. on 5-6 June 2013. Experts in the now that more women are applying and field of education, including Indian being hired by CTA, we are confident Gaden Phodrang student mer- Padma Shri recipients, attended the this will lead to an increased number of it awards have been increased meeting as committee members. women in key positions. from three to nine and the top three performers in science, • National Geographic Explorers To gain a better understanding of the arts and commerce receive INR (Nat Geo) Program: A year-round gender situation in the exile commu- 20,000/15,000/10,000 respectively. science, environmental science and nity, the Social and Resource Develop- English learning programs were in- ment desk (SARD) of Department of A new annual Sikyong scholarship troduced for students of class VI to Finance has recently published a report of INR 100,000 will be awarded to X in three Sambhota schools (Pe- titled The Status of Women. any student scoring 95% or higher ton, Paonta and Chauntra) and two in XIIth grade board exams. TCV schools ( Suja and Chauntra) In the exile Tibetan community-at- large, I’m pleased to see Tibetan girls This year’s XIIth grade board rein July 2013. This collaborative ef- excelling academically. In the recent sults are also encouraging. The fort between the Department of Ed- All India Secondary School Certificate number of students scoring 90% ucation and the Nat Geo Explorers Examination conducted by CBSE, the rose from 4 in the previous year (NGX) Program, based in the U.S., girls outperformed the boys in clearing to 13. Students scoring at least aims to improve English language the high school board exams (88.63% 70% rose from 242 to 345. Tenzin proficiency of Tibetan students; to 85.96%), attended colleges in larg- Chokyi, the first recepient of the and to improve the teaching and er numbers and also received a larger Sikyong scholarship, scored a to- learning of environmental science. share of CTA scholarships. In 2011, 125 tal of 95.4% in the All India Senior As regards the CTSA schools transfer, female students received undergraduate School Certificate Examination –

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 17 CTA Br i e f i n g scholarships as compared to 53 male. tion Bill that has a provision for 5000 the immigration reform bill. Post graduate scholarships went to 52 visas for Tibetans? women and 21 men. In 2012, the num- Would you like to share any final bers were 125 female to 108 male for We are grateful to the Canadian govern- thoughts? undergraduate scholarships and 52 fe- ment for accepting 1000 Tibetan refu- male to 20 males for post graduates. gees from Arunachal Pradesh as perma- This accomplishment is comparable to I, on behalf of the Kashag, want to ex- nent residents under a special program. press my deep gratitude for the continu- economically advanced countries be- This opportunity became possible after cause, even in the U.S., the female rep- ing support of Tibetans both inside and His Holiness the Dalai Lama visited outside Tibet. Active participation by resentation outpaced male representa- Canada in 2008. In the first lottery, 890 tion at the college level only recently. individuals and civic groups is crucial people were selected, including 409 ap- for a vibrant democracy. We welcome Let me also comment on the Tenzin- plicants under “Single” category and diverse opinions and feedback on our gang incident, a most unfortunate case 481 under the “Family” category. The various initiatives and policies while of gender violence. This incident hap- first batch of 204 applicants is expected at the same time, encouraging civil and pened in June 2011, two months before to leave for Canada in the fall of 2013. respectful discourse as we maintain our the 14th Kashag took over. By then, an CTA provided the settlement resident unity. agreement had already been mediated data, allocated the number of seats based amongst concerned parties by the local on the population of various camps, and The enduring spirit of Tibetans in Tibet, community. The aggrieved woman, till monitored the entire process. The actual the unity of all Tibetans, and the guid- date, refused to file a legal complaint process of preparing a list of people, or- ing presence of His Holiness the Dalai despite our and others repeated ef- ganizing the lottery, etc. was conducted Lama will help us achieve our long forts. As per the court of law, if a vic- by the camp representatives in conjunc- cherished goal that all Tibetans enjoy tim refuses to file a case, one cannot do tion with Project Tibet Society, the Ca- the freedom and dignity which we de- much. Through the CTA’s Department nadian organization coordinating the serve and is our right. of Health the previous Kashag extended resettlement program. I would like to thank all my colleagues all necessary medical and other assis- Provision for 5000 visas to the U.S. for in the Kashag and the CTA staff for their tance to the aggrieved woman. displaced Tibetans over a three-year pe- support and dedication. We continue to As per the resolution passed in the Ti- riod was initiated as an amendment to a meet adversity with exceptional unity, betan Parliament-in-Exile, the Kashag larger immigration reform bill currently resilience, and dignity. I pay tribute to in April 2012 sent out a circular notify- under consideration in the U.S. Con- all those who have sacrificed their lives ing local representatives of all Tibetan gress. Senator Diane Feinstein spon- for Tibet. I fervently pray for the long settlements to exercise gender sensitiv- sored the amendment which passed the life of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. ity in any decision-making process. The U.S. Senate with broad bipartisan sup- For those interested in keeping abreast dedicated staff of Department of Home port. However, the fate of the Tibetan of the latest developments of the Cen- and Kalon Gyari Dolma continue to cre- provision is tied to the outcome of the tral Tibetan Administration and the Si- ate awareness among the Tibetan settle- larger immigration bill. The House of kyong’s work, please visit www.tibet. ment officers on gender sensitization. Representatives, controlled by the Re- publican Party, has criticized the com- net, LIKE the Sikyong Facebook page prehensive immigration bill and an- (https://www.facebook.com/sikyong. 10. Lastly, what is the current status nounced that they will come up with lobsang.sangay), and follow the Si- of the Canada Tibetan re-settlement their own series of immigration-relat- kyong on Twitter @drlobsangsangay.) program and could you please pro- ed bills. Hence, it remains uncertain vide an update on the U.S. Immigra- whether or not the Congress will pass

Watch www.tibetonline.tv for His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s teachings and programmes, and news on CTA and Tibet.

18 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Do c u m e n t a t i o n The Statement of the Sikyong on the Auspicious Occasion of the Seventy-Eighth Birthday of His Holiness the Great Fourteenth Dalai Lama of Tibet their repository in Tibet to their origin in India and to 67 other countries across 6 continents. Buddhist monasteries and cultural institutions destroyed in occupied Tibet have been revived and rebuilt in exile. His Holiness encour- ages Tibetan scholars and practitioners to categorize the Nalanda tradition of Buddhism into separate fields of religion, philosophy and science.

As a pioneer in promoting intensive dialogue between leading world scientists and Buddhist monks, His Holiness the Dalai Lama has greatly advanced and enriched both modern science and Bud- dhism. The study of mind, as pursued by Buddhist practitioners, when applied to contemporary scientific fields has resulted in collaborations with major reputed universities such as Harvard, MIT, Stanford, Emory, Wisconsin, Zu- rich, Delhi University and others. On this joyous occasion of the seven- furthering human happiness; 2. inter- His Holiness the Dalai Lama is one of ty-eighth birthday of His Holiness the religious harmony; and 3. the preserva- the world’s most respected and admired Great Fourteenth Dalai Lama of Tibet, tion of Tibet’s peaceful and non-violent figures. Like Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson I bow in deepest reverence and pay Buddhist culture. Mandela and Mother Teresa, his con- obeisance on behalf of the Kashag and tribution to the betterment of greater Tibetans inside and outside Tibet. My His Holiness the Dalai Lama teaches humanity extends far beyond his own colleagues in the Kashag and Tibetans that human beings are the same, all religion and time. His enduring contri- everywhere join millions of admirers want happiness and no one wants suf- butions are evident from over 150 ma- across the globe in wishing His Holiness fering. Just as physical hygiene is essen- jor awards, prizes and honorary doctor- good health and a long life. We offer our tial for a healthy body, a sense of moral ates that have been conferred on him, prayers and re-affirm our unflinching hygiene based on warm-heartedness most notably the Nobel Peace Prize in devotion and loyalty to His Holiness the and compassion is equally important. 1989, United Nations Earth Prize in Dalai Lama – Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang He believes education should instill in 1991, US Congressional Gold Medal Lobsang Yeshi Tenzin Gyatso Si-Sum children both cognitive and emotional in 2007 and the Templeton Award in Wang-Gyur Tsungpa Me-Pey Dhe Pal- intelligence in order to create synergy 2012. The Templeton Award citation Sangpo Chog. We express our deepest and balance between a healthy body acknowledged His Holiness for encour- gratitude to His Holiness’ loving par- and healthy mind. Towards this end, the aging “serious scientific investigation ents for blessing us with their precious Central Tibetan Administration will in- and reviews of the power of compas- son, Lhamo Dhondup, born on July 6, troduce a curriculum on secular moral sion and its broad potential to address 1935 to a peasant family in Taktser vil- ethics in Tibetan schools. the world’s fundamental problems.” lage in the Amdo region of Tibet. As a tireless advocate of inter-religious As His Holiness’ stature on the world His Holiness the Dalai Lama describes harmony, His Holiness the Dalai Lama stage has grown, so has global aware- himself as a simple Buddhist monk. For interacts with religious leaders of all ness and support for Tibet. As one of Tibetans, he is the human manifestation faiths and has visited and prayed at nu- the world’s most inspirational figures, of Chenrezig – the Bodhisattva of Com- merous mandirs, mosques, churches, His Holiness has directly and positively passion. His Holiness’ greatness ex- synagogues and monasteries. impacted on the image of the Tibetan tends beyond Tibet as he advances his His Holiness the Dalai Lama has been people and fundamentally benefitted vision for a better humanity through the instrumental in preserving and dissemi- the Tibetan cause. promotion of his three commitments: 1. nating the teachings of the Buddha from basic human values or secular ethics in

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 19 Do c u m e n t a t i o n

In His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Tibet- Holiness the Dalai Lama. At this criti- ing with His Holiness the Dalai Lama ans have a leader that no other people cal period of our struggle, Tibetans in on July 16, 2011, the White House ap- has. Recognized as His Holiness the exile and diaspora must utilize this de- plauded “the Dalai Lama’s commitment Dalai Lama at the tender age of five, mocracy and freedom responsibly to to non-violence and dialogue with Chi- His Holiness was compelled to take on show solidarity with and highlight their na and his pursuit of the Middle Way political responsibilities at age fifteen, suffering of Tibetans in Tibet, challenge Approach,” and encouraged “direct di- to face the occupation of Tibet by the the hard-line policies of the Chinese alogue to resolve long-standing differ- People’s Republic of China, and was government, and unite all Tibetans. ences and that a dialogue that produces exiled to India at twenty-four. He had to results would be positive for China and forego all semblance of a normal child- As early as the 1970s, His Holiness the Tibetans.” hood as the survival of Tibetan identity, Dalai Lama began consulting various hope and the future of an entire civili- Tibetan leaders and soliciting feedback Another key area where the Middle Way zation rested on his young shoulders. from Tibetans inside Tibet to formulate Approach is steadily bearing results is Like a good shepherd leading his flock a far-sighted and pragmatic solution to in the minds of many Chinese people, through an arid area to greener pas- the Tibet issue. The new formulation in particular among the intellectuals. tures, the young leader single-handedly traversed the middle path between the Some of the brightest Chinese intellec- prevented his people and the Tibet is- two extremes of repression and separa- tual luminaries, including Liu Xiaobo, sue from falling into historical oblivion. tion – one categorically rejecting the the imprisoned Nobel Laureate, were His Holiness has been the force unify- repressive and colonial policies of the signatories of a courageous open let- ing the spirit of Tibet’s three provinces Chinese government towards Tibetans ter in 2008 that expressed support for (U-Tsang, Kham and Amdo) and four while not seeking separation from the His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s peace schools of Tibetan Buddhism and the People’s Republic of China. This win- initiatives. Since then more than 1,000 Bon religion. He is the beacon of hope win proposition, which came to be articles and opinion pieces have been for all Tibetans in Tibet, the majority of known as the Middle Way Approach, written by Chinese scholars and writ- whom have never seen him. Our com- calls for genuine autonomy for the Ti- ers. These include a report by the Bei- patriots inside Tibet, including the new betan people within the framework of jing based legal NGO, the Gongmeng generation, express deep loyalty and the People’s Republic of China. This Constitutional Initiative, describing the clearly yearn to be reunited with His approach was also in sync with then suffering and grievances of the Tibetan Holiness. China’s paramount leader Deng Xiaop- people and calling for policy change. ing’s position that, “except for indepen- Tibetan Buddhism is also drawing a As of today, 119 Tibetans have self- dence of Tibet all other issues could be growing number of Chinese practitio- immolated in Tibet. Their grief is re- discussed and resolved.” ners from Mainland China, where it is flected in the lyrics composed by two estimated today there are over 300 mil- young singers, Pema Trinlay and Chak- The Middle Way Approach has enabled lion Buddhists. His Holiness the Dalai dor, both of whom were imprisoned for Dharamsala and Beijing to establish Lama’s outreach to Chinese students their song. contact through a series of talks held and scholars and his teachings to Chi- between Chinese representatives and nese Buddhist practitioners are shaping “Precious master exiled from Tibet envoys of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. Chinese attitudes towards Tibet and Ti- Without you, Tibetans are like orphans Tibetans inside and outside Tibet were betans. Suffering under Chinese rule is unbear- for the first time able to contact and able” visit one another. Thousands of Tibetan On the auspicious occasion of His Holi- Our compatriots in Tibet, including the students and monks in Tibet were able ness the Dalai Lama’s 78th birthday, the self-immolators, clearly expressed their to visit India and receive secular and Central Tibetan Administration reiter- primary aspiration to be the return of monastic education, which also contrib- ates its firm commitment to the Middle His Holiness the Dalai Lama to Tibet uted to the revival of Buddhism inside Way Approach in resolving the Tibet is- and freedom for Tibetans. Tibetans in Tibet and awareness about the Central sue. Since assuming office in August exile and the diaspora, particularly the Tibetan Administration. 2011, we have proceeded with a three- new generation, must make the real- phase approach of consolidation, action ization of this aspiration a sacred duty. The Middle Way Approach is support- and dialogue. This is the least we owe to the Tibetans ed by many prominent Tibetans inside inside Tibet. This calls for a thorough Tibet as they view it as a realistic ap- The consolidation phase that spanned understanding of the leadership of His proach to peacefully resolving the issue much of the first year was important Holiness, his thoughts and vision for of Tibet. Furthermore, this approach to ensure a smooth transition after His Tibet and the Tibetan people. is also enabling many governments to Holiness the Dalai Lama’s historic de- support a solution-oriented Tibet policy cision to devolve political authority to a Tibetan democracy in exile from its and helps them to raise the Tibet issue democratically-elected leader. Towards infancy to today’s consolidated state is in their bilateral dialogue with China. this end, we hosted several major con- the result of decades of efforts by His After President Barack Obama’s meet- ferences in Dharamsala that brought

20 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Do c u m e n t a t i o n together Tibetan representatives from all across the globe and leaders of the Statement of Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile on His Indian and International Tibet Support Holiness the Dalai Lama’s 78th Birthday Groups.

The action phase witnessed major solidarity events in several cities including New York, New Delhi, Brussels, To- kyo, Sydney and others. These solidarity events were complemented by media awareness and efforts to garner support for Tibet in Congress and parliaments across the world. Working with friends and supporters of Tibet, we were able to get resolutions and motions passed in parliaments in the European Union (EU), France, Italy, the United States and others.

The three phases are inter-related, and the dialogue phase will involve continued efforts and initiatives to resume contact with the Chinese government. Additional investment is being made to educate both Tibetan and external au- Today is a uniquely important day for especially, with the people of the Snow- diences on the Middle Way Approach. it marks the birthday of His Holiness land of Tibet, and a great champion of The Task Force on Negotiations will be the 14th Dalai Lama, the Bodhisattva world peace, live for as long as a hun- enlarged and members will have their Chenrezig who has descended to this dred aeons. We also pray that His Holi- 26th meeting in September 2013 during earth in human emanation, the spiritual ness, on that basis, indebt us with the which the recent developments in Tibet lord of the Three Realms of dwelling, ambrosia of His sound guidance on the and China will be discussed. a champion of world peace, the master basis of the clarity of His vision over on this earth of all the teachings of the the three time realms and in such con- I take this opportunity to thank the great Buddha, the saviour of all the Tibetans, tinuous manner as the flow of the steady people of India and the Indian Govern- and a leader treasured by all and ex- summer stream. ment for their unwavering assistance celled by none. and support to Tibetans. I also thank Having committed to make the sentient other governments and our supporters For the sake of all the sentient beings beings of the Snowland of Tibet the around the world. in general terms and especially for the object of His spiritual deliverance, His benefit of the sentient beings of the Holiness took birth in such numerous Lastly, I offer my fervent prayers for Snowland of Tibet, His Holiness took human forms as kings, ministers and His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s long and birth on the 5th day of the 5th month in Bodhisattvas, and accomplished various healthy life. With unity, innovation and the Wood-Pig Year of the 16th Tibetan vast deeds for the benefit of the Bud- self-reliance as the guiding principles, Royal Sexantry, which corresponded to dhist faith. Since the time of the Great may all his wishes and the aspirations the 6th day of July 1935, in the village Fifth, successive reincarnations of His of Tibetans inside and outside Tibet, of Tagtser in the Kumbum area of the Holiness the Dalai Lama have assumed and his efforts towards promotion of Tibetan province of Domey. He was both spiritual and temporal leadership a more compassionate and peaceful born to parents of excellently endowed of Tibet and exercised responsibility world be fulfilled. lineage and blood amid numerous won- over its sentient beings with great sense drously auspicious signs and omens. of authority. In particular, His Holiness On such a completely auspicious day as the great 14th Dalai Lama assumed his The Middle Way Approach has enabled today, we offer our greetings and obei- temporal and spiritual leadership of Dharamsala and Beijing to establish sance to His Holiness with unflinching Tibet when He was only 16 years old. contact through a series of talks held devotion of body, speech and mind. At After having done so, He set out to re- between Chinese representatives and envoys of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. the same time we pray ardently, and form the old system of Tibet. And He Tibetans inside and outside Tibet were with great strength of commitment, that also underwent multitudes of hardships for the first time able to contact and visit His Holiness, the sacred saviour of all through various creative and compas- one another. sentient beings so numerous as to fill sionate efforts in dealing with com- the sky above us, in general terms and, munist China. After arriving in India

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 21 Do c u m e n t a t i o n in exile, He set up the basic structure Nevertheless, we, acting on behalf of istration at Dharamsala, and is being of a government in exile afresh and in Tibetans both in and outside Tibet, and actively pursued by the latter. It has the course of it presented to the Tibetan with a solemn body, speech and mind received as much support as possible people a democratic system whereby a obeisance, make it a point to express from all conceivable quarters, both pri- Tibetan parliament in exile was set up our gratitude to His Holiness, if only to vate and public, from across the world, in 1960. Later in 1963, He proclaimed a make it clear that out indebtedness to including from governments of many democratic constitution for a future free him will remain in our hearts without countries. In particular, it is appreci- Tibet. In 1991, He took other measures, ever being forgotten. At the same time, ated and supported by enormous num- such as raising the strength of the Tibet- we pray with utmost intensity of devo- ber of people within China, including an parliament in exile, and transformed tion that for as long as the sky above especially by Chinese intellectuals. As it into a genuine legislative body. He us remains, His Holiness continue to this is directly concerned with the im- later gave his assent to the Charter of hold the misery afflicted people of the mediate and long term interests of both the Tibetans in Exile which had been Tibetan Land of Snows in compassion the Chinese and Tibetan peoples, it is passed by the Tibetan parliament in and extend to them as before His ben- high time for the government of China exile. Further, in order to complete the eficial deeds. to greatly enhance its sense of responsi- process of full democratization of the bility and make efforts towards resolv- Tibetan system in exile and on the basis It especially bears mention that through ing the Sino-Tibetan dispute as soon as of discerning the numerous immediate lectures and guidance on compassion, possible and at the earliest possible op- and long term potential problems and tolerance and universal responsibility portunity. purposes, His Holiness has now trans- for the benefit of all the sentient beings ferred all his political and administra- of this world, His Holiness continues On 9 March 2013, during his meeting tive powers to the leadership in exile to assume great responsibility to bring with the delegates from Tibet Autono- elected by the Tibetan people. By such peace upon the entire humanity. He also mous Region to the Chinese National and numerous other means over the last continues to take it upon himself to seek People’s Congress, General Secre- more than 60 years, His Holiness has to inculcate ethical values in everyone, tary Mr. Xi Jinping of the Communist taken up with spontaneous diligence an irrespective of the question whether one Party of China, after having made the array of tasks that entailed a multitude believes in any religion or not, for the usual Chinese remarks about Tibet be- of hardships on him for the immediate benefit of humanity in general and for ing an inalienable part of China and so and long term well being and benefit of the purposes of protecting the global on, clearly acknowledged the region’s Tibet and the Tibetan people. environment. In an effort to bring about special characteristics. He said that the harmony among the different religions stability and prosperity of Tibet could Even after having transferred his po- in this world, His Holiness has held dis- be ensured if, among other things, there litical and administrative powers to the cussions with numerous leaders of dif- was a fruitful implementation there of elected Tibetan leadership in exile, His ferent religious faiths with an approach the country’s laws governing the admin- Holiness has, as prayed to, graciously of broadmindedness and liberalism and istration of ethnic autonomous areas, assented to assume the role of the Pro- has thereby also sought to dispel doubts including with the assurance of respect tector and Symbol of Tibet and the Ti- and to deal with the differences among for the Tibetan people’s religious free- betan people. In that capacity He has them. In particular, His Holiness has dom and the protection of the Tibetan undertaken to offer counsel on any re- taken great responsibility to ensure a language and culture. In June recently, ligious or political issue concerning the coexistent march between Buddhism Jin Wei, a professor at the Central Party Tibetan people, as well as to provide and modern science with each side ben- School in Beijing, in answering ques- suggestions to the Tibetan Parliament in efiting from the other through an appre- tions during an interview with a Hong exile and the Kashag on important mat- ciative understanding of each other’s Kong publication, said that the central ters of politics and religion as and when respective strengths and weaknesses. government of China should revive He sees it necessary to do so. This un- By such means as above, His Holi- peace talks with envoys of His Holi- dertaking extends also to meeting with ness has undertaken, and continues to ness the Dalai Lama. She also said that and holding discussions with important undertake, political and spiritual deeds there had been anti-religious bias in the international leaders and personalities of enormous dimensions, becoming a policies followed by successive Party on behalf of Tibet and the Tibetan peo- source of merits of enormous value to Secretaries of the Tibet Autonomous ple. In keeping with the undertakings the sentient beings of this world and a Region. These remarks reveal that the He has given very kindly on matters worthy source of sublime contentment Chinese government now accepts that such as these, His Holiness continues to to them. the policies it had implemented in Ti- assume great responsibilities on behalf bet previously had been wrong. News of the Tibetan people. There is no way The Middle Way policy is mutually reports related to this development we the Tibetan people can claim to be in beneficial to both the Chinese and Ti- have been continuing to appear over a position to repay over a hundred life- betan sides, is in keeping with His Holi- the internet in recent times and if they times even a tiny fraction of the enor- ness the Dalai Lama’s wishes, has been are true we do not know whether they mous gratitude we owe to His Holiness. adopted by the Central Tibetan Admin- show a new positive change on the part 22 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Do c u m e n t a t i o n of the government of China or whether ensured that they are thereby enabled His Holiness the Dalai they are designed only to be used as a to enjoy the same happiness and well tool to make false allegations against being to which all humans are entitled Lama Exhorts Youth to innocent Tibetans. However, as these alike. developments can only contribute to- Make a Happier wards immense immediate and long- In the recent past, there have been re- Century term benefits for both the Tibetan and ports that on numerous kinds of minor Chinese peoples, we hope that these pretexts, Chinese police subjected Ti- Tibetans across the world on 6 July could be implemented in all the Tibetan betans to such unlimited brutal beatings celebrated the 78th birthday of His inhabited regions. that some of them resulted in deaths. In addition, there have been countless Holiness the Dalai Lama, who made Also recently, on 9 June, the govern- other instances of displays of contempt a clarion call to the people, espe- ment of the so-called Tibet Autonomous and bullying against Tibetans. Such in- cially youth, to promote world peace Region held in Lhasa the first general stances of abusive behaviours clearly through love and compassion. meeting of delegates of returned over- betray the prevalence of discrimination Addressing tens of thousands of peo- seas Tibetans and their families with and the absence of the implementation ple at Bylakuppe in the southern In- the participation of all the top leaders of China’s claimed policy of equality dian state of Karnataka, His Holiness of the region. Remarks on this subject of nationalities and the rule of law. We the Dalai Lama said: “People should were also made by some leaders of Ti- believe that the government of China embrace love and promote world bet Autonomous Region during their re- must genuinely implement in Tibet its peace through compassion to live in cent overseas delegation visit. Such ac- policy of equality of nationalities. harmony. The present-day genera- tions show a strengthening of efforts by tion can create better conditions and the government of China to implement It has been more than 54 years since we build a world where everyone can a policy of trying to entice Tibetans took refuge in India and other foreign live in harmony and in a spirit of co- living in exile and thereby to weaken countries. In particular, India has been existence.” the Tibetan struggle by every possible like a second homeland to us. Both the government and people of India have means and with a renewed vigour. In “You should not think of your and extended extensive help, protection, view of these developments, we would your family welfare alone but of your and benefits to the Tibetan people. We like to remind the Tibetan people to act fellow beings and the country you are take the opportunity provided by this with care and caution to ensure that living and the whole world eventu- very auspicious occasion to express they do not get deceived and carried ally,” he said. away by the glib and sweet talks and our gratitude on the basis of remember- by the temptations of short term, minor ing at all times our immense indebted- He expressed gratitude to the people economic gains. ness to the government and people of and government of Karnataka for pro- India. As His Holiness the Dalai Lama viding shelter to Tibetans during the We remain hopeful that the hardline especially makes it a point to remind most difficult period of Tibet’s his- policies being implemented in Tibet us at all times, all Tibetans living in tory. He remembered former Mysore and on the Tibetan people after China’s exile should maintain a strong bond of chief minister, S. Nijalingappa, who current leadership came to power will friendship with the people of the local on the advice of India’s first minister be changed, that there will thereby be a host community wherever they may be Jawaharlal Nehru allotted 3,000 acres positive development which is based on living and thereby maintain such con- of land to resettle about 3,000 exiled the real situation in Tibet and in keeping duct as to benefit the reputation of the Tibetans at Bylakuppe in 1960. with the true aspirations of the Tibetan Tibetan people in general, their sense people, and which will also be benefi- of loyalty, and to the orderliness of the Top Indian government officials, in- cial to both Tibet and China. We also local social situation. This is a require- cluding chief ministers of Karnataka strongly reiterate our call on China to ment of immense importance and we and Arunachal Pradesh, attended the immediately release all the prisoners make it a point to appeal to all Tibetans birthday of His Holiness the Dalai in Tibet, including the young Panchen accordingly. Lama. Chief Minister Siddaramaiah Lama, who are innocent of any crime. offered his heartfelt greetings to His This call for immediate release extends In conclusion, we pray that His Holi- Holiness the Dalai Lama and wished especially in the case of the hundreds ness the Dalai Lama live for as long him a long healthy life. of innocent Tibetans who had been ar- as a hundred aeon, that all His sacred rested, jailed or persecuted in numerous wishes be fulfilled with spontaneity, and “The bond of friendship between other ways since the peaceful Tibetan that the just cause of the Tibetan people Kannadigas and Tibetans dates backs uprising of 2008 and those who staged may definitely see the light of the day as to 1960. We have always treated them self-immolation protests thereafter and soon as possible. as our own people and sheltered them their alleged accomplices, who con- in their hour of crises,” the chief min- 6 July 2013 tinue to suffer to this day. It should be ister recalled.

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 23 Wo r l d Pr e s s Tibetan autonomy poses questions for Hong Kong

By Michael C. Davis [South China Morning Post]

Beijing’s guarantees of self-rule have not proved reliable for the unhappy Himalayan region

The Dalai Lama will only acknowledge an historical imperial religious relationship with China. For him, autonomy is merely the only option realistically available under difficult circumstances. Even under Chinese historical accounts, Tibet would have enjoyed genuine autonomy throughout the imperial period, when indirect rule of peripheral areas was the norm.

A careful look at the Tibetan memorandum reveals that it not only largely tracks China’s own proclaimed policies, but also international standards Following the 120th Tibetan self-im- ter the bloodshed of the 2008 protest, he reflected in the 2007 United Nations molation in protest at Beijing’s alleged was invited to elaborate on his proposal Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous autonomy policies, Hong Kong people under the People’s Republic of China Peoples, which aims to give indigenous – themselves the subject of autonomy constitution, which he did in his 2008 peoples self-governance and cultural guarantees – may wonder why ordinary Memorandum of Genuine Autonomy rights. Tibetans are so dissatisfied. for the Tibetan People. It urges genuine autonomy in areas including self-gov- China voted for the declaration, but On the face of it, Beijing and the exiled ernment, language, culture, religion, quickly proclaimed there were no in- Tibetan leaders should be able to find environmental protection, education, digenous peoples in China. a solution. In the 1951 Seventeen-Point and natural resources. This largely Agreement, sometimes considered a tracks China’s existing national minor- China’s long-term interests might be precursor to the Hong Kong agreement, ity commitments, but also seeks control better served by embracing internation- Beijing promised Tibetans could carry over immigration and public security, al standards. This would require less in- on under their traditional self-rule – similar to the Hong Kong model, and terference in Tibet, something Beijing with Chinese sovereignty. the uniting of all Tibetan areas. has also been reluctant to do in Hong Kong. Agreement with the Dalai Lama But the excesses of China’s early com- Responding dismissively, Beijing ar- may also secure Tibetan and interna- munist period eventually led to the col- gued that this was the equivalent of tional support. lapse of the agreement and the 1959 asking for a “high degree of autonomy” flight of the Dalai Lama. and that would be the equivalent of “in- Professor Michael Davis, of the Univer- dependence”. No explanation was giv- sity of Hong Kong, is a constitutional China then proclaimed the system of en why the same guarantee of a “high law specialist “minority nationality autonomy”. Tibet degree of autonomy” for Hong Kong is was divided into 13 autonomous areas: not deemed independence. The seem- the Tibetan autonomous region and 12 ingly shared commitment to autonomy The Dalai Lama will only acknowl- adjoining areas in neighbouring prov- in Tibet has been undermined by a lack edge an historical imperial religious inces. of trust. Beijing worries that “genuine relationship with China. For him, autonomy is merely the only option The problems lie in the failure to fully autonomy” is just the first step on the realistically available under difficult implement the national minority au- road to real independence. The Tibetan circumstances. Even under Chinese tonomy laws and the use of repressive side, after their tragic experience to date, historical accounts, Tibet would have policies to contain resistance. is surely doubtful about conceding any ground without iron-clad guarantees. enjoyed genuine autonomy through- To address these problems, the Dalai out the imperial period, when indi- Lama long ago conceded claims for Beijing has also pressed the Dalai Lama rect rule of peripheral areas was the independence in favour of autonomy to concede to its widely disputed claim norm. under his “middle way” approach. Af- to have always historically ruled Tibet.

24 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Wo r l d Pr e s s A new way forward

[The Economist] versive is making things worse. Some port for these ideas would strengthen clashes over culture and religion are the belief, widespread among Chinese Proposals for a different approach in unavoidable but manageable, she says, leaders, that the Dalai Lama is conspir- Tibet suggest some in China know their and they should not be seen as a threat ing with the West to split China. In fact, policies are not working to the state. Ms Jin says that stalled he has long said he does not support talks with the Dalai Lama’s representa- independence and wants only more Ti- Jun 22nd 2013 tives should be restarted, and suggests betan autonomy; but most of Chinese inviting him to Chinese soil in Hong officialdom views him with undimin- CONVENTIONAL wisdom on Tibet Kong or Macau. Most controversially, ished suspicion. among Chinese officials is that when she suggests China negotiate with him the current Dalai Lama dies, the Tibetan about his next incarnation, and in the Yet accommodation with the Dalai problem will be solved. China has tight long term, allow him to return to Tibet Lama is the Chinese government’s only control over the mountainous region itself. hope of ever reaching a deal accept- and believes it holds all the cards. It can able to most Tibetans. Another Tibetan choose the Dalai Lama’s next incarna- The way China works means Ms Jin’s burned herself to death this week (the tion and that will be that. intervention must have been sanctioned 119th self-immolation since 2011), and by somebody near the top. This may new forms of control at the lowest level So Tibet-watchers have greeted with have happened because of the recent show no signs of making Tibet any eas- surprised interest the interview of a change of leadership. Tibet’s party ier to govern. The death of the present leading Chinese scholar on Tibet, pub- secretary in the late 1980s was Hu Jin- Dalai Lama might well be the begin- lished this month in a Hong Kong mag- tao, who took over in 1988 after riots ning, not the end, of real problems in azine. In the interview, for almost the in Lhasa. He went on to become party Tibet: freed from the constraint of the first time in a generation, a senior gov- chief and president, and hardline poli- exiled leader’s personal authority and ernment adviser suggests that China’s cies he imposed have dominated policy his insistence on a non-violent stance, Tibet policy of economic development towards Tibet ever since. He stepped a younger generation of angry Tibetans with continued political repression is down as party leader last November and may turn aggressive. not working and needs changing. as president in March. That may have been Ms Jin’s cue. She also implies that For both China’s and Tibet’s sake, it is The official, Jin Wei, is no Tibetan-hug- Tibet policy should be taken away from to be hoped that Ms Jin’s proposals gain ging softy. She is the director of ethnic Mr Hu’s supporters. a wider currency. The idea of a Com- and religious studies at the Central Par- munist government sitting down with ty School, a think-tank in Beijing. She Don’t dilly Dalai on the way a holy monk to discuss his own rein- takes the standard line that Tibet is an carnation seems bizarre. But Ms Jin’s inalienable part of China (something The proposals will face a backlash from proposals are in fact far more pragmatic most of her countrymen believe, too). hardliners, who see any softening as the than the hardline ideological approach But she suggests that the way the Com- thin end of a wedge that leads to Tibetan to Tibet that has succeeded only in munist Party treats every cultural and independence. The West should there- alienating a people China claims as its religious problem in the region as sub- fore tread carefully. Overzealous sup- own. Captives still

By Edward Lucas missions, surrounded by the detritus of place the ‘word processor’ confiscated [Europeanvoice.com] decades, the air laden with grim, de- by the Czechoslovak secret police from termined refusal to accept the verdict an obscure playwright called Václav Some of the lost causes of the 1980s of history. Victory was not in sight: Havel; I remember a bumper-sticker have been won; the others that remain the only plan was just to keep going. dating from the Moscow Olympics say- may yet be won If some echo of our efforts crossed the ing “Estonians out of Siberia, Soviets Iron Curtain, it might at least be some out of Estonia”, around the time that the solace to those enduring foreign occu- Tartu University chemistry professor In the 1980s my social life revolved pation and totalitarianism. Jüri Kukk was dying on hunger strike around events marking lost causes: in the Gulag. I remember interviewing freedom, democracy and independence People would shake their heads sadly at for a BBC programme the priest Dick in the captive nations of the Soviet the waste of time. I remember a cam- Rodgers who locked himself in a cage Empire. We would gather in dusty so- paign, run by my university friend An- to highlight the persecution of the Rus- cial clubs and semi-derelict diplomatic thony Finkelstein, to raise money to re-

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 25 Wo r l d Pr e s s sian poet Irina Ratushinskaya; a cam- diplomats turned up to the party too – the Uighurs of ‘Turkestan”, for “Main- paign by Keston College in Oxford in though one ambassador begged me not land China”, as well as for the Tatars support of the jailed Lithuanian ‘under- to mention his name for fear of the ven- and Bashkirs of “Idel-Ural”, the Be- ground nun’ Nijole? Sadu*aite?; and geance that China would wreak on his larusians of “White Ruthenia”, and the many more seemingly hopeless causes small country. The Legatum Institute, a North Koreans, freedom is still denied, besides. think-tank whose director of studies is by crony-capitalist, ethno-nationalist, my friend the author Anne Applebaum, or communist authoritarian regimes. So I felt quite at home at a party in deserves kudos for hosting the event. London last week to mark the Dalai By the standards of the early 1980s, Lama’s birthday. The food, folk music It set the scene nicely for Captive Na- it is not hopeless. A new reason for and prayers were different – but the es- tions Week. A joint resolution of Con- hope is that China may well have more sence, of loss, oppression, resistance gress in 1959 cites the enslavement by practising Buddhists than Communist and exile was the same. Many of those communist imperialism of “Poland, Party members; many are attracted by present had relatives in Tibet, or in jail Hungary, Lithuania, Ukraine, Czecho- the Tibetan tradition in that faith. That in China. slovakia, Latvia, Estonia, White Ruthe- may prove to be a lethal chink in the nia, Rumania, East Germany, Bulgaria, regime’s grip. Some had first-hand experience of Chi- mainland China, Armenia, Azerbaijan, nese oppression – such as Robert Ford, Georgia, North Korea, Albania, Idel- Sadly, I do not expect the White House a sprightly 90-year-old, once the Tibet- Ural, Tibet, Cossackia, Turkestan, North to use Captive Nations Week to echo an government’s radio operator and per- Viet-Nam, and others”. It requires the the stirring rhetoric of the original reso- haps the only remaining Westerner with White House to mark this in the third lution. But please consider what you first-hand memories of independent Ti- full week in July. can do for Tibet, and for other captive bet. After his capture during the China nations. invasion in 1950, he spent five years Soviet communism is dead. My lost in the gulag, adding prison Chinese to causes of the 1980s are won. But there Edward Lucas edits the international his fluent Tibetan. A handful of foreign is plenty still to do. For the Tibetans, for section of The Economist. ‘Anything But Humane’: Tibetan Exposes China from the Inside

of Xiahe, a town in China’s Gansu Prov- ince, the Tibetan farmer poured gasoline over his body and lit himself on fire. Im- ages taken with mobile phones show the man, engulfed in flames, running down the street until he falls to the ground.

Police and soldiers immediately ap- peared on the scene, jostling with by- standers trying to take Dorjee’s charred body to his house, according to Tibetan custom. The officers eventually relent- ed. Holding an image of the Dalai Lama, Tibetan monks take part in a vigil to protest violence against demonstrators by Chinese police in January 2012/AP Dorjee is one of more than 100 Tibet- ans who have turned to self-immolation [Spiegel Online] city. He hopes that what he has writ- since March 2011 in protest of Chinese By Andreas Lorenz ten about the oppression of his people rule in Tibet. Another man, who also will be published as a book in the West, took his life a few days later, left behind The files, stored on three CDs, are po- thereby exerting pressure on the leaders a letter that sums up the sentiments of tentially devastating to the Chinese in Beijing. these unfortunate people: “There is no government. They contain the reckon- DorjeeRinchen got up very early on Oct. freedom in Tibet. His Holiness the Dalai ing of a Tibetan who once believed in 23, 2012, the last day of his life. The Lama is not allowed to return home. The the goals of the Chinese Communist 58-year-old turned the Buddhist prayer Panchen Lama is in prison.” Party and carved out a career within wheels at the Labrang Monastery, then the Beijing bureaucracy. To protect his The mood is desperate in the region returned to his hut, cleaned up and went known as the “Roof of the World.” Nev- anonymity, the official, who is known back to the monastery. nationwide, met secretly with SPIEGEL er before have so many Tibetans sacri- at a restaurant in a Chinese provincial Near the police station on the main street ficed their lives in this manner to draw

26 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Wo r l d Pr e s s the world’s attention to their fate. But clers working for the system suppress or including many Tibetans, attacked their not everyone believes this is the right ap- sugarcoat, writing: “Everything was and supposedly “revisionist” and “imperial- proach. A few hundred kilometers from still is far worse than people in the West ist” countrymen. Thousands of monks the Labrang Monastery, a high-ranking suspect.” were beaten to death or put in camps, Communist Party official is shaking his and ancient relics were destroyed. The head in disapproval. The self-immola- He is determined to remain anonymous Red Guards used their artillery to flatten tions, he says, are an “overreaction, an for as long as possible. “I don’t want hundreds of monasteries. excessively radical act. Buddhism for- to mention my name, I don’t want you bids suicide.” to mention my profession, and you can The Communist Party officials wanted only describe the place where I live in to destroy the culture of their subjects. And yet he can understand the motives, general terms,” he says. Tibetan women, for example, were he says. Conditions are dramatic in his made to wear the kinds of trousers worn native Tibet. “The economic situation, He aims to have the book published by Han Chinese women, and helpers cut the standard of living, culture and edu- abroad, which is his only option, of off their braids. Clan elders and abbots cation have greatly improved in Tibet, course. If it emerged that he, a respected were sent to reeducation camps, where he says. But the government exacts too official, were in fact a Tibetan dissident they were forced to study Mao’s direc- high a price from Tibetans in return for who compares the “fate of the Tibet- tives every day. this development, he adds, noting that ans” with that of the Jews under the Beijing is trying to discipline them with Nazis, his comfortable existence would The Chinese military brutally crushed violence. “There is substantial surveil- quickly come to an end. He could face a any rebellions. When monks killed lance and limited freedom.” prison term and possibly even the death a corporal in the People’s Liberation penalty. Army in 1956, a Chinese cavalry regi- The man is a senior official in the Com- ment exacted its revenge in the town of munist Party. He is well known, not only The book is written in Mandarin, the QiujiNawa in Gansu Province with an in Tibet but also throughout China, and language of the rulers in Beijing. The attack on about “200 innocent women no one suspects him of being a member author wants as many people as possi- and children. They surrounded a tent, of the opposition. He is one of the privi- ble to understand his people, who, as he threw hand grenades inside and then leged, someone who long believed in the says, have been “plunged into pools of fired at it.” promised goal of a socialist China, one blood and purgatorial fire” in exchange in which not only the Han Chinese, but for a foreign utopia. The author quotes a former soldier who also Tibetans and all other ethnic groups witnessed a similar massacre: “Some would lead a better life. Ironically, some Tibetans were initially women were stabbed in the vagina with pleased to see the Chinese invade Tibet, swords and their chests were split open. But now he intends to make a stand. “I because the new masters brought the Some two- and three-year-old children am a Tibetan, and I work in the govern- promise of modernity and prosperity. were grabbed and thrown into the Yel- ment. I have the authority to describe They believed that the Communists, led low River.” what is really going on,” he says. by Mao Zedong, would help them liber- ate themselves from a brutal dictatorship In the early 1980s, the Communist ‘Far Worse Than the West Suspects’ of monks. The Tibetan people lived a Party had to admit that it had “seriously harsh life under the thumb of monaster- harmed the interests of the people” with He has served the Chinese government ies and the aristocracy, who oppressed its brutal policy. By then, Tibet had be- since youth. Like many Tibetans, he had their subjects, treated them like serfs come a permanently restive region. As who come to terms with the fact that and whipped them into submission. the Communist Party official writes, Beijing has ruled their country since the Beijing’s claim that “millions of Tibetan Chinese army invaded in 1950. These But the mood changed when the Chi- farmers” had become “masters of their individuals include party officials, po- nese government, under Mao, did not own house under the party’s leadership” lice officers, propagandists, journalists keep its promise to allow the Tibetans proved to be nothing but propaganda. and engineers, all of whom behave like to maintain their traditions and reli- people who want to live in peace under gion. The collectivization of agriculture In his opinion, there are many reasons foreign rule. They assimilate, parrot the proved to be especially devastating. Ti- for the unrest and the rage of Tibetans. party slogans and enjoy their growing betan nomads were forced to settle in One is that the long-cherished hope that affluence, though they often feel miser- so-called people’s communes, destroy- the Dalai Lama could one day return able in the end. ing their traditional way of life. By the home from India, where the Tibetan 1950s, there was growing unrest. government in exile has its headquar- This helps to explain why this contem- ters, is beginning to fade. Beijing con- porary witness sat down and penned an Atrocities and Brutal Policies demns him as a “traitor” and refuses to account of the more recent history of Ti- even consider talks. bet, as seen through his eyes. He focuses In the Great Proletarian Cultural Revo- on what the propagandists and chroni- lution (1966 to 1976), the Red Guards, It was an affront to Beijing when, in

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 27 Wo r l d Pr e s s

1987, the Dalai Lama spoke to members (the Chinese) than as if they had stepped police and military arrested about 6,000 of the United States Congress in Wash- on the grass while walking and killed an people. ington, where he presented his Five ant.” Point Peace Plan. He demanded, among The authorities now see only one way other things, that Beijing put an end to Part of the Tibetans’ dissatisfaction to pacify the Tibetans: more investment, the immigration of Han Chinese to Ti- stemmed from the fact that Chinese im- together with even harsher repressive bet and its use of the Tibetan Plateau migrants from other parts of the Peo- measures. During the so-called patriotic as a nuclear waste dump. According to ple’s Republic were cultivating more education campaign, which takes place the Communist Party official, after the and more land. In the author’s opinion, in all monasteries, the monks are re- visit “a new spirit of opposition began this causes serious environmental dam- quired to distance themselves from the to grow among young intellectuals and age, because the gradual disappearance Dalai Lama. Many were temporarily or a few officials, as well as laborers, farm- of grasslands leads to desertification. permanently banned from monasteries, ers and shepherds.” “The Tibetans have less and less space and some lamas were imprisoned or sent in which to live, and the environment to reeducation camps. Alleged support- Then, in 1988, the Chinese made an- is getting colder and more severe,” he ers of people who committed suicide other mistake. At the end of the annual says. by self-immolation were sent to prison, Great Prayer Festival, senior officials including six people tied to DorjeeR- had gathered on a roof terrace of the A conspicuous example of China’s inchen, the farmer from Xiahe. Jokhang Temple in the Tibetan capital reckless environmental policy is Qing- Lhasa to watch the grand procession. As hai Lake, the official adds. Because too Beijing’s rulers do not permit a public it happened, they were standing directly much pasture was cultivated and an ex- debate over their Tibet strategy. Very few above a room that the monks considered tensive irrigation system was built, only Chinese dare to even raise the issue, and sacred. It was where the Dalai Lama had eight of the 108 rivers that once emptied then only in Hong Kong or through for- always slept during the festival. into the lake still exist today, he says. eign media organizations. Author Wang Lixiong, married to Tibetan lyricist Soon the group was pelted with stones. Tension on the Streets TseringWoeser, is one of the brave few. Soldiers beat their way through the He believes that nothing will change as Things were quiet for a few years af- crowd, and a few party officials, includ- long as hostility toward the Dalai Lama ter the unrest, which lasted until 1989. ing the deputy party chief for Tibet, had translates into the livelihoods of tens of Communist Party leader Hu later at- to be lowered from a window on ropes. thousands of officials within the party’s tempted to placate the Tibetans with propaganda machine. Monks and nuns repeatedly took to the billions of dollars in investments. The streets in the ensuing weeks, until Bei- mineral resources that had been discov- The Tibetan book author puts it this way: jing finally cracked down. The central ered in the region, as well as its strate- “We all have a knot in our heart.” The government removed senior Tibetan gic importance as a buffer zone between authorities, he says, “view the monks Communist Party officials and replaced China and its economically powerful as outsiders. They are not allowed to them with Han Chinese, including Hu rival India, were extremely important to express their opinions, and they are cer- Jintao, who would later become General Beijing. tainly not permitted to participate in po- Secretary of the Communist Party and litical decisions.” But the tension is palpable in the streets president of China. A year later, Hu or- of Lhasa today, partly because of the dered soldiers to open fire on protesters. Is there a solution to Tibet’s plight? The presence of Chinese security forces, According to the author, the incident re- author remains faithful to his upbring- who act like occupiers. “The way the sulted in the deaths of 138 people and ing in saying that it would be wrong to members of the Armed Police behave is 3,870 arrests, while many others were permit the return of a theocratic govern- anything but humane. They kill people abducted. ment, a Tibet in which the abbots are as cold-bloodedly as poisonous snakes. in charge and “politics and religion are The author quotes many eyewitnesses, They indiscriminately beat local resi- one” — the kind of system many monks one of whom reported: “They screened dents, loot their property and kill them would prefer. the entire urban population of Lhasa if they defend themselves,” the Com- and arrested those they didn’t like. First munist Party insider writes in his manu- And the alternative? “We have to prac- there were beatings, and then those who script. tice democracy,” he says. “Not neces- had been arrested were thrown into po- sarily a Western-style democracy, but In March 2008, as Beijing was prepar- lice cells.” a unique, Tibetan form. Otherwise we ing for the Summer Olympics, Lhasa’s will remain at an impasse.” But the cells were apparently so full residents revolted once again. But this that some of the detainees suffocated. time schoolchildren, students and office Translated from the German by Chris- “When someone died,” said the witness, workers joined the protesting monks, topher Sultan “it didn’t mean anything more to them as did Tibetans from other regions. The

28 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Boo k Re v i e w A Walk Through the History of the Roof of the World

By Thubten Samphel

he had completed the project and for- warded the slide presentation, called Glimpses of Tibetan History, to the Department of Information and Inter- national Relations (DIIR). The DIIR’s Tibet Museum converted the 25 slides into 3 by 6 foot panels which constitute an important part of the Museum’s exhibition on Tibet.

Now this exhibition has been transformed by the Tibet Museum of the DIIR into a stunning coffee table book. Apart from the introduction, like the exhibition, the book is divided into 25 sections. The book edition of Glimpses of Tibetan History takes the reader right to the beginning of the formation of the Tibetan Plateau, more than 20 million years ago. Or, according to Claude Arpi, 100 million years ago when India decided to migrate from Africa to Asia. India’s eventual departure from Africa Glimpses of Tibetan History and its coupling with Asia took about By Claude Arpi 71 million years. The resulting collision Price: 200 Rupees between India and Asia, in the words Tibet Museum, DIIR, of Sven Hedin, the legendary Swedish Dharamsala, 2013, pp. 56 explorer and scholar, threw up the most stupendous upheaval on the face of the I was there at the very beginning, the him to capture the entire history of Tibet earth. Today that upheaval is known beginning of creation, so to speak. For in a comprehensive slide presentation. as Tibet, or the Roof of the World, the the winter of 2009, I took my fam- He wanted the French Tibet scholar to source of life-giving waters to the rest ily to Auroville, a community which is do 25 panels with succinct explanations of Asia. guided by the way of life inspired by about their background. His Holiness Sri Aurobindo, an Indian nationalist the Dalai Lama hoped that this would Like the exhibition, Claude Arpi’s book, leader and mystic who based himself inspire young Tibetans and others to Glimpses of Tibetan History is an ode in the French enclave of Pondicherry in delve more deeply into Tibetan history to the sanctity of Tibet. While reading south India to escape harassment of the for them to better understand and take the book, one can almost hear Claude British Raj. Our time spent in this truly pride in the past of the Tibetan people. Apri singing hymns in praise of Tibet international city coincided with His Claude Arpi said that perhaps to give from ancient India’s Puranas: Holiness the Dalai Lama inaugurating him strength and to bless him on this As the dew is dried up by the morning sun, the Pavilion of Tibetan Culture. As its arduous journey into Tibetan history, So are the sins of men dried up by the sight name implies, the Pavilion of Tibetan His Holiness the Dalai Lama presented of the Himalaya, Culture is a centre devoted to the study him with two thangkas of Shantaraksh- Where Shiva lives and where the Ganga of Tibetan culture, the pet project of ita and Guru Padmasambhava, two In- falls From the foot of Vishnu like Claude Arpi, a lover of Tibetan culture dian Buddhist masters most responsible The slender thread of a lotus flower. and an expert on everything Tibet and for planting firm roots of Buddhism in There are no mountains like the Himalaya, the politics that engulf the country. Tibet and the three religious kings who For in them are Kailas and Manasarovar. made sure that this happened in their Or, one can hear Claude Arpi declaiming According to Claude Arpi, after speak- realm. from Kalidas: ing to young Tibetans about Tibet’s past, In the northern quarter is divine Himalaya, His Holiness the Dalai Lama requested After a year or so, Claude Arpi said The lord of mountains,

Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n 29 Boo k Re v i e w With no central authority, Tibet became easy prey for outside predators. The biggest was the Mongols who in exchange for Tibetan allegiance left Tibet a self-governing administration within the rapidly expanding Mongol empire. With the Mongols, the Tibetans developed the priest-patron relationship, a unique form of diplomacy among the Tibetans, Mongols and the Manchus.

Claude Arpi then takes the readers through the rise of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism and the assumption of political authority by the great Fifth Dalai Lama. Later, there was increasing Qosot Mongol and Manchu interference in the politics of Tibet, which China today says are the grounds for its claims on Tibet. However, on this issue Claude Arpi cites Huc and Gabet, two French missionaries who visited Tibet at the His Holiness the Dalai Lama at a photo exhibition on Tibet during the inauguration of Tibetan time, as saying, “The Government of Pavilion at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Museum on Indian History in Vadgoan Shinde, in Pune, Tibet resembles that of the Pope and India, on 28 July 2013 the position occupied by the Chinese ambassador was the same as that of the Reaching from Eastern to Western Oceans, Yarlung valley which scholars consider Austrian ambassador at Rome.” Firm as rod to measure the earth. to be the cradle of Tibetan civilization. The kings of the Yarlung dynasty came The following sections deal with the Like ancient India, ancient Tibet had the to dominate stronger and well-estab- Gorkha, Zorawar Singh’s and British same reverence for its sacred geogra- lished earlier kingdoms like Shang- India’s invasion of Tibet, taking the phy. The ancient Tibetans celebrated the shung in western Tibet, the centre of readers to the turn of the 20th century arrival of their first king, Nyatri Tsenpo, Tibet’s Bon religion. The Yarlung kings to 1904. The 13th Dalai Lama, in touch the Neck-enthroned one, around 127 soon over-ran the whole of the Tibetan with the modern world through his two BC, with these words. These verses re- plateau, laying the foundations of the exile experiences in Mongolia, China produced below are a Tibetan celebra- empire and the civilization that bound and then in British India, made strenu- tion of the enthronement of their first the Tibetan people. ous efforts to modernize Tibet. He es- king and the sanctity of the realm he tablished a police force in Lhasa, sent The ancient Tibetans’ empire-building came to rule. young Tibetans to be educated in Eng- enterprise was accompanied by ab- land, started a modern standing army, He came as lord of the six parts of Tibet, sorbing the cultural influences they en- laid a telegraphs line between Lhasa And when he first came to this world, countered when they broke out of the and India, built a modern mint, estab- He came as lord of all under heaven. confines of the plateau. The biggest lished a new English school in Gyantse This centre of heaven, influence was that of Buddhism which and improved monastic discipline. The This core of the earth, Tibetans transmitted to Tibet over the This heart of the world, great 13th Dalai Lama also made seri- course of five centuries. Along with in- Fenced round by the snow, ous efforts for Tibet to be admitted to corporation of Buddhism, the ancient The headland of all the rivers, the League of Nations, the predeces- Tibetans invented a script, developed a Where the mountains are high and the land sor to today’s United Nations. But all medical system and devised a calendar, is pure. these efforts proved too little, too late. which made Tibetan civilization whole- The author taking his readers on a In 1950, a re-unified and resurgent some and complete. bird’s-eye-view journey over the ups communist simply overwhelmed Tibet and downs of Tibetan history, starting The best minds of ancient and medieval through force and diplomacy. from an examination of the scattered, Tibet engaged in this mighty cultural This is the story Claude Arpi tells with archaeological remains of Tibet’s Pa- enterprise took talent and energy away great insight and erudition. Glimpses of leolithic and Neolithic Ages, is a re- from Tibet’s empire and nation-build- the History of Tibet should be read by markable achievement. With the author ing effort. The empire the Tibetan kings all Tibetan school children. we look at the tentative beginnings of constructed fragmented into pieces. Yarlung dynasty that flourished in the

30 Ti b e t a n Bu l l e t i n Ju l y - Au g u s t 2013 Ti b e t a n Me d i a

Sheja (Official Tibetan monthly) NewsTibet Department of Information & International 241 E. 32nd Street Relations, Dharamshala-176215, HP, India New York, NY 10016 Email: [email protected] Web: www.tibetoffice.org Web: www.bod.asia Tibet Bulletin (Official Chinese bi-monthly) Tibetan Freedom (Official Tibetan weekly) Department of Information & International Department of Information & International Relations, Dharamshala-176 215, HP, India Relations, Dharamshala-176215, HP, India Email: [email protected] TIBETAN Email: [email protected] Web: www.xizang-zhiye.org Web: www.bod.asia www.tibetonline.tv BULLETIN Contacts for the Central Tibetan Administration NEEDS YOU INDIA JAPAN Department of Information & International Liaison Office of H.H. the Dalai Lama, Hayama Relations, Central Tibetan Administration, Building No. 5(5F), 5-11-30 Shinjuku Shinjuku-ku, Gangchen Kyishong, Dharamshala - 176 215 Tokyo 160-0022, Japan H.P., India Tel: +91-1892-222510/222457 Tel: +81-3-3353-4094, Fax: +81-3-3225-8013 Fax: +91-1892-224957 Email: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] An App e a l www.tibet.net www.tibethouse.jp

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Monks from Namgyal monastery and local Tibetans of Dharamshala at the prayer service on 9 August 2013.

Edited by Lobsang Choedak Printed and Published by the Secretary, Department of Information & International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration, Gangchen Kyishong, Dharamsala - 176215, H.P, INDIA Printed at Narthang Press, Gangchen Kyishong, Dharamsala - 176215, H.P, INDIA