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READ Gateway Arch Expository Text STRATEGIES & SKILLS Comprehension Content Standard Strategy: Ask and Answer Social Studies Questions History Skill: Main Idea and Key Details Vocabulary carved, clues, grand, landmark, massive, monument, national, traces by Elizabeth Brereton Word count: 719** Photography Credit: Cover Brand X Pictures/PunchStock. **The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included. mheducation.com/prek-12 Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Send all inquiries to: McGraw-Hill Education Two Penn Plaza New York, New York 10121 ISBN: 978-0-02-119050-8 MHID: 0-02-119050-X PAIRED Printed in the United States of America. Gateway Arch READ 9 10 11 12 13 DOC 22 21 20 19 18 E Genre Expository Text Introduction Essential Question How do landmarks help us understand The National Mall is a park in the center of our country’s story? Washington, D C. The Capitol building looks out over the National Mall . The National Mall is an important place . People watch the inauguration of the president of the United States from the Mall . People come to the Mall to watch fireworks on July 4 . People also meet at the Mall to protest and have rallies . by Elizabeth Brereton Introduction . 2 Chapter 1 Honoring the Great . 4 The Capitol is where Congress Chapter 2 makes the nation’s laws. War Memorials . 8 Chapter 3 Collecting America’s History . 11. Conclusion . .14 The Capitol Respond to Reading . 15 PAIRED READ Gateway Arch . 16. Glossary/Index . 19 Focus on Social Studies . 20 2 Chapter 1 Honoring the Great The National Mall is home to important buildings . These include monuments and museums . People can learn about American The Washington Monument history at the National Mall . They can find out is a famous landmark . It about important people, places, and events . honors George Washington . obelisk George Washington was The National Mall America’s first president . 1 2 3 4 5 The monument is an Reflecting obelisk . It is 555 5. feet 6 Pool 7 8 The Mall 9 10 11 12 (nearly 170 meters) high . 13 14 15 16 17 The monument is the tallest 18 Tidal N structure in Washington, D C. Basin W E Potomac 19 Dennis Flaherty/Digital Vision/Getty ImagesVision/Getty Dennis Flaherty/Digital S River 20 Language George Washington Detective is the subject. What KEY is the predicate? 1. Vietnam Veterans Memorial 13. Freer Gallery 2. Museum of American 14. Museum of African Art History 15. Hirshhorn Museum and 3. Museum of Natural History Sculpture Garden 4, 5. National Gallery of Art 16. Air and Space Museum 6. Lincoln Memorial 17. Museum of the 7. World War II Memorial American Indian 8. Washington Monument 18. The Martin Luther By law, nothing in King, Jr. Memorial 9. Ulysses S. Grant Memorial Washington, D.C. can Images Le/Photodisc/Getty Uyen 19. FDR Memorial 10. The Capitol be taller than the 20. Thomas Jefferson 11. Arlington Memorial Bridge Washington Monument. Memorial 12. Korean War Veterans Memorial 3 4 Franklin D . Roosevelt was The Mall has grand President of the United States monuments that honor for four terms . He was presidents of the United president during World War II . States . The Lincoln The Roosevelt Memorial Memorial honors Abraham is divided into four outdoor Lincoln . Lincoln was rooms . There is one room president during the Civil for each term the War . He ended slavery in president served . the United States . The Jefferson Memorial Roosevelt was partly honors President Jefferson . paralyzed, or unable to move, as the result of an Jefferson helped write the A statue of illness. He used a wheelchair Abraham Lincoln Declaration of Independence . to get around. sits at the center of the Lincoln Frank Tozier/Alamy Frank Memorial. UP Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Martin Luther King, Jr. worked for equal rights for African Americans. The memorial is a statue of King carved from a mountain of rock. The design is based The Jefferson on one of King’s speeches. King talked Memorial is made (tr) BananaStock/PunchStock, (b) Brand X Pictures/PunchStock (b) Brand (tr) BananaStock/PunchStock, of white marble. about a “stone of hope” being cut from a “mountain of despair.” 5 6 Ulysses S . Grant was a general in horse Chapter 2 the Civil War . Grant was also the eighteenth president of the War Memorials United States . Grant’s memorial has three massive sculptures . One sculpture is of Grant riding a horse . There are sculptures of Union soldiers at each side . pool Ulysses Grant led the Union army during the Civil War. Two arches and 56 pillars form the sides (tr) TongRo Image Stock/Alamy, (bl) Luiz Felipe Castro/Flickr/Getty Images Castro/Flickr/Getty Felipe (bl) Luiz Image Stock/Alamy, TongRo (tr) of the World War II Memorial. The war memorials on the National Mall honor the people who served during wartime . The heart of the World War II Memorial is a pool . The pool is surrounded by two arches and 56 columns . There are gold stars on one wall . The stars represent the American soldiers who STOP AND CHECK died during the war . Why is the National Mall important? In Other Words the main, or central, part of. En español, the heart of quiere decir el centro. Images Fotosearch/Getty 7 8 The Korean War Veterans Memorial honors the Americans who served in the Korean War. Statues of soldiers stand all over the site. About 2,500 images of people who served in the war can be seen on a wall. sculpture These sculptures are part of the Korean War Veterans Memorial. soldier This sculpture represents the women Images Gridley/Stockbyte/Getty Peter who served in the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War was America’s longest war . The Vietnam Veterans Memorial honors the 58,000 Americans who died or went missing in action during the Vietnam War . The names of these people are written on the walls of the memorial . STOP AND CHECK Why have the war memorials In Other Words disappeared during a battle and presumed to have died. En español, missing in action been built? Bert Hoferichter/Alamy quiere decir desaparecidos en combate. 9 10 Chapter 3 Museums give clues about other cultures. The Museum of African Art displays African Collecting America’s History arts and crafts, and the Freer Gallery has a collection of Asian art. The National Gallery airplane of Art displays art from all around the world. The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden has a collection of sculptures. The Air and Space Language Museums is the subject. What is Museum has a the predicate? collection of early Detective airplanes and spacecraft. Like monuments, museums help people The African elephant is a remember the past, too. The National Mall popular exhibit at the Museum is home to many museums. of Natural History. The Air and Space Museum has the Wright Brothers’ first plane. The museum also has the space suits that the astronauts wore on the moon. The Museum of American History has a display of ball gowns worn by a first lady, or elephant president’s wife. The museum also has traces of transportation history. It has trains from the 1800s and cars from the 1950s. Brand X Pictures/PunchStock X Pictures/PunchStock Brand Peter Ryan/National Geographic/Getty Ryan/National Images Peter 11 12 Conclusion The Arlington Memorial Bridge links to the Mall and Arlington Cemetery. Many of America’s soldiers are buried in Arlington Cemetery. This sculpture The National Mall is a memorial to America’s can be seen at the Hirshhorn history. It is a place that every American can Museum and be proud of. Sculpture Garden. UP National Museum of Visitors can see the Lincoln Memorial the American Indian from the Arlington Memorial Bridge. The National Museum of the American Indian bridge celebrates Native American culture and history. The museum contains objects from the past. It also has many films and photographs. STOP AND CHECK What can museums (t) Pierrette Guertin/Alamy, (bl) Bert Guertin/Alamy, Hoferichter/Alamy (t) Pierrette give us? 13 14 John Aikins/CORBIS Genre Expository Text Compare Texts Read about the tallest monument in the United States. Summarize Main Idea Use details from The National Detail Mall to summarize the selection. Detail GATEWAY ARCH Your graphic organizer may Detail help you. Gateway Arch is the tallest monument in the United States. The arch was built to honor Thomas Jefferson and the pioneers who were Text Evidence part of the western expansion. The arch is in 1. How do you know that The National Mall St. Louis. Many explorers began their trip to is an expository text? GENRE the west from St. Louis. 2. Reread pages 2–3. What is the main idea? What key details support the main idea? MAIN IDEA AND KEY DETAILS Jefferson’s Dream Jefferson wanted the United 3. Find the word pool on page 8. Use clues States to reach west across North to figure out its meaning in this context. America. President Jefferson bought MULTIPLE-MEANING WORDS the Louisiana Territory from France. This purchase doubled the size 4. With a partner, write about what you feel of the United States. President is the most interesting building on the Jefferson was also responsible for the trip the explorers Lewis and National Mall.
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