Ecstasy/MDMA

WHAT IS ECSTASY/MDMA? What does it look like? MDMA acts as both a stimulant and psychedelic, MDMA is mainly distributed in tablet form. MDMA producing an energizing effect, distortions in tablets are often sold with logos, creating brand time and perception, and enhanced enjoyment of names for users to seek out. The colorful pills are tactile experiences. often hidden among colorful candies. MDMA is Adolescents and young adults use it to reduce also distributed in capsules, powder, and liquid inhibitions and to promote: forms. • Euphoria, feelings of closeness, empathy, and sexuality How is it abused? Although MDMA is known among users as MDMA use mainly involves swallowing tablets ecstasy, researchers have determined that many (50-150 mg), which are sometimes crushed and ecstasy tablets contain not only MDMA but also a snorted, occasionally smoked, but rarely injected. number of other drugs or drug combinations that MDMA is also available as a powder. can be harmful, such as: MDMA users usually take MDMA by “stacking” • Methamphetamine, ketamine, cocaine, cathinones, and (taking three or more tablets at once) or by caffeine “piggy-backing” (taking a series of tablets over a short period of time). One trend among young In addition, other drugs similar to MDMA, such adults is “candy flipping,” which is the co-abuse of as MDA or PMA, are often sold as ecstasy, which MDMA and LSD. can lead to overdose and death when the user MDMA is considered a “party drug.” As with takes additional doses to obtain the desired effect. many other drugs of abuse, MDMA is rarely used alone. It is common for users to mix MDMA with WHAT IS ITS ORIGIN? other substances, such as alcohol and marijuana. MDMA is a synthetic chemical made in labs. Seized MDMA in the U.S. is primarily What is its effect on the mind? manufactured in, and smuggled across U.S. MDMA mainly affects brain cells that use borders from, clandestine laboratories in Canada the chemical serotonin to communicate with and, to a lesser extent, the Netherlands. A small each other. Serotonin helps to regulate mood, number of MDMA clandestine laboratories have aggression, sexual activity, sleep, and sensitivity also been identified operating in the U.S. to pain. Clinical studies suggest that MDMA may increase the risk of long-term, perhaps What are common street names? permanent, problems with memory and learning. Common street names include: MDMA causes changes in perception, including • Adam, Beans, Clarity, Disco Biscuit, E, Ecstasy, Eve, euphoria and increased sensitivity to touch, Go, Hug Drug, Lover’s Speed, MDMA, Peace, STP, X, energy, sensual and sexual arousal, need to be and XTC touched, and need for stimulation. MDMA/Ecstacy pills

Some unwanted psychological effects include: What are its overdose effects? • Confusion, anxiety, depression, paranoia, sleep In high doses, MDMA can interfere with the problems, and drug craving body’s ability to regulate temperature. On occasions, this can lead to a sharp increase in All these effects usually occur within 30 to 45 body temperature (hyperthermia), resulting in minutes of swallowing the drug and usually last 4 liver, kidney, and cardiovascular system failure, to 6 hours, but they may occur or last weeks after and death. Because MDMA can interfere with its ingestion. own metabolism (that is, its breakdown within the body), potentially harmful levels can be reached What is its effect on the body? by repeated drug use within short intervals. Users of MDMA experience many of the same effects and face many of the same risks as Which drugs cause similar effects? users of other stimulants such as cocaine and MDMA produces both amphetamine-like amphetamines. These include increased motor stimulation and mild mescaline-like hallucinations. activity, alertness, heart rate, and blood pressure. Some unwanted physical effects include: What is its legal status in the United States? • Muscle tension, tremors, involuntary teeth clenching, MDMA is a Schedule I drug under the Controlled muscle cramps, nausea, faintness, chills, sweating, and Substances Act, meaning it has a high potential blurred vision for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and a lack Severe dehydration can result from the of accepted safety for use under medical combination of the drug’s effects and the crowded supervision. and hot conditions in which the drug is often taken. Studies suggest chronic use of MDMA can produce damage to the serotonin system. It is ironic that a drug that is taken to increase pleasure may cause damage that reduces a person’s ability to feel pleasure.