A STUDY GUIDE by Marguerite O'hara
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
A STUDY GUIDE BY MArguerite O’hARA http://www.metromagazine.com.au http://www.theeducationshop.com.au OVERVIEW > This film, Brideshead Revisited (2008) directed by Julian Jarrold, has been adapted for the screen from Evelyn Waugh’s 1945 novel of the same name. It tells the story of Charles Ryder and the Marchmain family in the period between the First and Second World Wars in England. The novel has been adapted for the screen before, most famously in an eleven- part British television series in 1981. This is a story about love, sexuality, religion, class, families and identity. It explores story as we are carried along by the intensity of these the connections between all these things in a narrative that is people’s lives and loves as they come together, trav- richly detailed. While the story is set between the wars from el, move apart and come together again. We want the 1920s to the 1940s, its themes are universal. to know how it will all end. Will Lady Marchmain’s will and insistence on her children’s adherence to the tenets of her Catholic faith prevail? What does it mean to be happy? Do family loyalties and values inevitably prevail as we face the complexities of life? Curriculum Relevance What do we discover about life in England between the two wars when the social order was changing Brideshead Revisited will have interest in so many ways? Are class differences and social and relevance for students at middle and aspirations different today? How have attitudes to- senior secondary levels, as well as wards sexuality changed over the past eighty years? tertiary students studying in a number of areas In what ways is this story relevant to our lives today? including: Synopsis • ENGLISH – exploring a complex narrative that moves between several time periods and socie- Brideshead Revisited is an evocative and poignant ties; understanding the psychological dimensions ... an story of forbidden love and the loss of innocence, to characters and how they are revealed over set in pre-World War Two England as the privi- time. evocative and leged aristocracy fell into decline. It tells the story • MEDIA AND FILM STUDIES – screenwriting and poignant story of young, middle-class Charles Ryder’s involve- adaptation of text to screen. What can be left out ment with the aristocratic Marchmain family over and what must remain? of forbidden a period of twenty years, and in particular, with the • HISTORY – changes to society and life in Britain love and Marchmain brother and sister, Sebastian and Julia. between the first and second world wars. the loss of • CULTURE AND SOCIETY – understanding the Charles meets Sebastian, the charismatic but flawed changes in attitudes and values in a society over innocence, set younger son of the family, at Oxford University. He time as they are reflected in a work of literature in pre-World is soon seduced both by Sebastian and his world and a film. of wealth, glamour, and outrageous behaviour. His • RELIGIOUS STUDIES – the influence of religious War Two seduction is complete when Charles visits ‘Brides- faith in the life of a family. England as head’, the Marchmain’s magnificent ancestral home, SCREEN EDUCATION where he is introduced to a new family and a world For some viewers of Brideshead Revisited, the film the privileged entirely unlike his own middle-class upbringing in may seem to be very much a ‘period piece’ reflecting aristocracy fell London. Sebastian, meanwhile, has fallen in love a time and place and social attitudes that are long into decline. with Charles and is determined to keep his new gone. There is an element of ‘soap opera’ about the friend to himself. Over a glorious summer they share 2 all the pleasures Brideshead affords, from wine-tast- ings and lakeside picnics to bathing in Brideshead’s grand, sculpted fountain. During the course of this idyll, Charles becomes infatuated with Sebastian’s beautiful younger sister, Julia. As Charles’ emotional attachment to the entire Marchmain clan deepens, however, he finds himself and his atheism increas- ingly at odds with his friend Sebastian and his fam- ily’s ardent Catholic beliefs, rigidly enforced by the matriarch, Lady Marchmain. Charles is invited to accompany Sebastian and Ju- lia on a trip to Venice where he meets Lord March- main, their spirited, hedonist father. Marchmain has left his wife and the formality of Brideshead for the vitality of Venice and the passion of an Italian mistress, Cara (Greta Scacchi). In the heady at- mosphere of the Venetian summer, the brooding at- traction between Charles and Julia ignites. Caught up in the decadent excitement of the Carnivale, Charles meets they kiss for the first time. Confused and troubled by this turn of events, Julia flees. Charles discovers Sebastian, the that Sebastian has witnessed this intimate moment a chance meeting with Julia. Neither of them is in charismatic and knows that his friendship with the younger son a happy marriage and both recognize that they but flawed of the Marchmains will never be the same. remain one another’s true love. At last, it seems that Julia, and perhaps even Brideshead, are within younger son Back in England, any thoughts of a relationship Charles’ reach. of the family, between Charles and Julia are quickly quashed by Lady Marchmain, who is well aware of the spiritual Charles and Julia return to Brideshead to negoti- at Oxford and social divide between them. Nevertheless, Lady ate the annulment of Julia’s marriage to Rex. Julia University. Marchmain invites Charles to Julia’s twenty-first is exasperated when the men barter for her with birthday ball at Brideshead, not so much as a guest Charles’ paintings. Rex points out that Julia’s He is soon than as a companion and chaperone to Sebastian second marriage would never be recognized by the seduced both whose drinking is getting out of hand. Charles’ initial Catholic Church but despite this, she and Charles excitement at seeing Julia again is dashed when are poised to leave for Europe, happy together at by Sebastian Lady Marchmain announces the engagement of her last. Their escape is thwarted when Lord March- and his world daughter to the Canadian businessman, Rex Mot- main returns to Brideshead to die. Knowing the old of wealth, tram, a match the matriarch has engineered. Charles’ man had abandoned Catholicism long ago, Charles miserable evening ends abruptly when a drunken, is furious with the family’s insistence on a deathbed glamour, and grief-stricken Sebastian lurches into the party, bel- reconciliation between God and Lord Marchmain. outrageous lowing his hatred for his family and for Charles for In the end, however, even Marchmain succumbs to having deserted him. Lady Marchmain casts Charles the will of God and the power of Brideshead. behaviour. into exile from the Eden that is Brideshead. Julia is deeply moved by her father’s death and his Two years pass before Charles receives a surprise last-minute acceptance of the Catholic last rites. visit from Lady Marchmain. With some humility and Charles realizes that she will never be free of her re- in desperation for her son’s welfare, she implores ligious upbringing. Her feelings of sinfulness and her Charles to find Sebastian and help him back onto desire to be close to God mean that Julia will never the straight and narrow. Locating him in Morocco, truly be his. Charles walks out to a lonelier future. Charles begs Sebastian to come home to visit his ailing mother. Although ill and weakened by alco- During World War Two, Charles is billeted back at hol, Sebastian has found his own peace and de- Brideshead which has been requisitioned as an clines to return. Charles bids a final farewell to his army base. As he wanders the grounds, he recalls friend and in time, loses touch with the Marchmain his turbulent, passionate history with the March- family as he establishes himself as a successful main family and his two lost loves. Bustling with SCREEN EDUCATION artist with an international reputation and marries a soldiers and bursting with supplies, Brideshead young socialite, Celia. begins its own transformation, swept away by a more modern, less privileged world. In 1935, travelling back to England from an expedi- tion to the jungles of Central America, Charles has – From the Press Kit for Brideshead Revisited 3 Evelyn Waugh describes the novel’s theme as ‘the operation of divine grace on a group of diverse but closely connected characters’. Background 1. Evelyn Waugh and Brideshead satirical and sharply critical of social pretensions, Revisited but it is the romantic and elegiac Brideshead which has always been most popular. Evelyn Waugh wrote Brideshead Revisited in 1944 while he was on leave from the army. It was pub- 2. Adaptation from text to screen lished to widespread acclaim and some controversy in 1945. It is no coincidence that this story about When a novel or play is adapted for the screen, it is the decline of the English Catholic aristocracy was inevitable that it will not be a literal transference of written during the upheavals of World War Two – a text and characters into the visual medium of film. period of uncertainty and change. Waugh believed What do we expect from a film based on a novel that this upheaval would pave the way for the rise of and how reasonable are our expectations? the common man and the end of the gentry, and with it, a rich and glorious era. He describes the novel’s In the case of Brideshead Revisited, the filmmak- theme as ‘the operation of divine grace on a group of ers’ task would have been made more difficult by diverse but closely connected characters’.