DOCSLIB.ORG

A Short History of Kandang Kerbau Hospital and the Maternity Services of Singapore

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Short History of Kandang Kerbau Hospital and the Maternity Services of Singapore A SHORT HISTORY OF KANDANG KERBAU HOSPITAL AND THE MATERNITY SERVICES OF SINGAPORE YKLee ABSTRACT This article traces the history of Kandang Kerbau Hospital ("the hospital beside the Bukit Timah Canal") and the maternity and infant welfare services of Singapore from 1858 to the present. This includes the development of teaching of Obstetrics and Gynaecology to medical undergraduates and postgraduates, and the training and registration of midwives, and the resulting saving of maternal and infant lives. Why was Kandang Kerbau Hospital converted into a Maternity Hospital in 1924? Keywords: Maternal and infant mortality, Maternity and Infant Welfare services, Medical undergraduates and postgraduates, Midwives. SINGAPORE MED J 1990; Vol 31: 599 - 613 INTRODUCTION In 1858, a hospital was built at Kandang Kerbau which later became known as the General Hospital. It The district around the crossroads formed by Serangoon consisted of two sections. One, known as the Seamen's Road, Selegie Road, Bukit Timah Road and Rochor Road Hospital, was for Europeans, and the other, the Police is known in Malay as "Kandang Kerbau" ("Buffalo Hospital, for the local people. (The original Seamen's Enclosure", because in the old days, there was a buffalo Hospital was at Pearl's Hill, and patients were admitted pen in the locality), in Teochew and Hokkien as "Tek to the new hospital when it was ready for occupation in Kah" and in Mandarin as "Zhujiao" ("Below the clumps of 1860.) Built at the same time. next to the General bamboo", because in the early days, clumps of bamboo Hospital, was the Lunatic Asylum. grew on the hillocks in the district). This practice arose In 1870, in an attempt to control the spread of because the non-English educated local people had to venereal diseases, the Contagious Diseases Ordinance select distinctive landmarks to identify the various was passed. This Ordinance, amongst other things, made localities in early Singapore, as there were no proper the medical examination of prostitutes in brothels roads and addresses or they could not pronounce the compulsory, and if diseased, their admission into hospital English names. for treatment also compulsory. The examinations were Kandang Kerbau Hospital is today a maternity to commence on 1 January 1873, and hospital hospital. But it did not become one until 1924, although accommodation had to be provided. So in 1872, the there has been a hospital at the same site beside the Female Ward of the General Hospital was converted Bukit Timah Canal (which was originally a tidal creek) into a Lock Hospital with 20 beds for the treatment of since 1858. Moreover, Kandang Kerbau Hospital was venereal diseases in women. not the first maternity hospital to be founded in Singapore. In July 1873, cholera broke out in the Lunatic Asylum and the surrounding Kandang Kerbau district. Patients THE EARLY YEARS (I) from the General Hospital and the Lock Hospital were evacuated, those from the General Hospital to the Sepoy Why was this hospital beside the canal converted into a Lines, and those from the Lock Hospital to a rented maternity hospital in 1924? What were its functions house. The Lunatic Asylum at this time was very before that, and what part did it play thereafter in the overcrowded, and after the General Hospital patients development of the maternity services of Singapore which were transferred to the Sepoy Lines, "53 of the quiet and had started much earlier? well-behaved lunatics" were moved into the empty buildings thus relieving much of the overcrowding! After the cholera epidemic was contained, the women Toa Payoh Hospital returned to the Lock Hospital but not the patients of the Toa Payoh Rise General Hospital. They remained at the Sepoy Lines Singapore 1129 because the authorities decided that the locality was more suitable, and that the General Hospital should be Y K Lee, AM (S'pore), M.D., FRCP (Lond & Edin), used to increase the accommodation of the Lunatic FRACP Senior Consultant Asylum, and to supply more wards to the Lock Hospital. (Formerly Consultant Physician & Medical An order was passed by the Governor in 1884 making Superintendent of Kandang Kerbau Hospital) the Lock Hospital a hospital also for the treatment of licensed prostitutes suffering from diseases other than 599 venereal diseases. The first patient was admitted on 2 January 1889 On 1 January 1888, the law was changed, and and was safely delivered of her baby. There were a total compulsory examination and treatment were stopped. of 11 admissions in 1889 with 10 infants born alive and The Lock Hospital was converted into a voluntary well. All 11 mothers made good recoveries. institution. Admissions fell and cases of venereal diseases Although the patients were few in the first year, the increased. Efforts were made by the medical authorities Maternity Hospital did supply a want and was to play a to save the situation. An Outpatient Department was great part in the years to come, although its existence started in the Lock Hospital for the benefit of women was precarious in the early years. It occasionally had to who wanted treatment but did not wish to be admitted. close when there was no staff, e.g. from 14 May 1890 to I will now deal with the history of the maternity 13 October 1890 when the Matron resigned and no services of Singapore and return to the hospital beside replacement could be found in Singapore, and had to be the Canal later. recruited from Madras. The hospital re -opened when Mrs Hennesey, the new Matron and Midwife, arrived. FIRST MATERNITY HOSPITAL In 1890, during the months when the hospital was opened, 8 confinements took place in it. All the mothers The founding of the first maternity hospital came about did well and the infants were born alive, although one in the most unexpected manner. was premature and died some days after its birth. In early 1885, when there was a proposal to employ The first admission of an Asian patient took place in nuns from the Convent as nurses in the new General December 1890. She was an Indian; all other patients Hospital at Sepoy Lines, there was opposition from some had been Europeans or Eurasians. of the prominent European inhabitants. They went so far as to petition the Secretary of State for the Colonies. During 1891, 12 Indian women were admitted. Up till then no Malay The Secretary of State noticed that one of the arguments or Chinese woman had applied for With adduced against the scheme was that the nuns were admission. 13 Europeans and 4 Eurasians, the total precluded by the rules of their Order from dealing with admissions were 29. Out of the 29 admissions, 25 confinements 4 had midwifery cases. He noted that this did not constitute a terminated naturally and "praeternatural" valid objection as general nursing and midwifery could (abnormal) labour, but in all cases, the mothers made recoveries. 8 not be safely combined, said that he assumed that in good Twenty-one boys and girls were - 1 Singapore, lying-in cases were separated and nursed born 24 full -term, 2 premature who died, entirely apart from others, and asked for more information stillborn and 2 miscarriages at 20 weeks. about maternity hospitals and the practice of midwifery. In 1892, the first Chinese patient was admitted into When his despatch reached Singapore, the authorities the hospital. were in a predicament as there were no facilities for The first set of twins were born in 1893, but the case maternity cases in the hospitals. In those days, women was complicated with interlocking of the heads at the gave birth at home attended by doctors, midwives (mostly pelvic brim. The first -coming child, already dead, was untrained), relatives or friends or were unattended. The decapitated to allow the birth of the second who was maternity mortality rate and the infant mortality rate were born alive. high. The manoeuvres that had to be performed for obstructed labour would There was a flurry of activity, and the Governor replied be unbelievable to the modern generation of - to the Secretary of State stating that he agreed that obstetricians decapitation, craniotomy, there was a need of suitable provision for lying-in cases. cephalotripsy, evisceration. He mentioned that in the past five years only two The hospital grew in popularity and admissions midwifery cases had come to the General Hospital, and increased yearly, but admissions dropped when hospital that Dr Rowell, the Principal Civil Medical Officer, had charges were increased from 1 October 1894 to make already pointed out the advisability of erecting a separate the hospital 'pay its way", compounded by the fact that Maternity Hospital, and assured the Secretary of State two midwives commenced private practice and charged that steps would be taken to start the Government fees lower than the hospital. maternity services as soon as possible. TRAINING OF MIDWIVES A building at the junction of Victoria Street and Stamford Canal opposite the was Convent converted In October 1894, during the debates in the Legislative into a maternity hospital. The upper was storey set apart Council on the Estimates for the next year, it was for the women. It accouchement of had accommodation suggested that the Maternity Hospital should be used as for 8 beds, 4 Europeans 4 for and for local people. It a school for training local women as midwives. was opened on 1 January 1888, but had to close a few Maternal deaths were first reported in 1894. Four out days later because the Municipal labourers in dredging of 71 women who were delivered. the canal threw up large quantities of black foul-smelling One died of cardiac failure, the second of puerperal septicaemia, the third of mud next to the hospital! It was re -opened on 1 October pulmonary embolism, and the of puerperal 1888 but had no patients when the year ended.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter One Setting the Scene: a Social Profile 38
    Cahif, Jacqueline (2010) ‘She supposes herself cured’: Almshouse women and venereal disease in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Philadelphia. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2303/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] ‘She supposes herself cured’: Almshouse Women and Venereal Disease in Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century Philadelphia. Jacqueline Cahif Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Department of Economic and Social History Faculty of Law, Business and Social Sciences University of Glasgow January 2010 1 Abstract This dissertation will explore the lives, experiences and medical histories of diseased almshouse women living in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Philadelphia. During this period Philadelphia matured from being a relatively small colonial city into a major manufacturing metropolis. Venereal disease was omnipresent in America‟s major port city, and diseased residents were surrounded by a thriving medical marketplace. Historians have identified the “who and why” of prostitution, however the scope of the prostitute experience has yet to be fully explored.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/27/2021 04:26:44PM Via Free Access Kevin Siena the Lock If One Appreciates the Influence of These Older Legacies of the Term
    8 Stage-Managing a Hospital in the Eighteenth Century: Visitation at the London Lock Hospital Kevin Siena London’s Lock Hospital, established in 1747 to treat venereal diseases, depended heavily on charity. Its administrators tried valiantly to project a positive image of the hospital in spite of the pervading moral assumptions about its patients and doubts about whether they deserved charity. Policies governing visitation were bound up in the hospital’s attempts to police itself and promote its cause to benefactors. Visitation policies served numerous ends, including policing patients, introducing moral reform, monitoring the staff, and obscuring the reality of the wards from public view, ensuring that prospective donors only saw what administrators wanted them to see. London’s Lock Hospital was unique. Founded in 1747, it was the first English hospital devoted exclusively to the care of venereal disease. The royal hospitals of St Bartholomew’s and St Thomas’s also provided treatment for the scourge often called the ‘Secret Malady’ or the ‘Foul Disease.1 But the Lock was the only hospital in England to make its sole purpose caring for victims of the ‘wages of sin’ – another cliché from the period. This unique mission meant that the Lock had to tread cautiously. Many were the critics who argued that the hospital encouraged sin by allowing the justly punished to escape their plague. As a result, hospital authorities were acutely aware of the need to handle certain policies carefully. Rules governing visitation were among the most important of those policies. At the Lock, the issue of visitation concerned much more than merely whether to allow patients’ friends and relatives to enter the hospital.
    [Show full text]
  • The "Lock Wards" of Edinburgh Royal Infirmary*
    Br J Vener Dis: first published as 10.1136/sti.37.3.187 on 1 September 1961. Downloaded from Brit. J. vener. Dis. (1961), 37, 187. THE "LOCK WARDS" OF EDINBURGH ROYAL INFIRMARY* BY ROBERT LEES Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh There is some difference of opinion regarding the part. This was contrary to the charter and motto of origin of the term "lock wards", some holding that the hospital, patet omnibus. these were in fact "lock-ups" for the forcible segrega- The varying fortunes of the Lock Wards are tion of patients, while others think that the name recorded in the hospital minutes. In 1831 it was was derived from les locques, which were the dres- decided that the Lock Wards should be closed and sings or rags with which leprous and poxy patients appropriated to the reception of general patients. covered their sores, and which they were ordered Among the reasons given were their high cost (£400 to deposit in a receptacle outside the doors before per annum) and also the fact that they did not entering a church. contribute to the instruction of students who were The beginnings of hospital treatment in Edinburgh strictly excluded from them. copyright. were small and humble. The first public hospital, In 1833 the Lock Ward was prepared for the which opened in 1729, had six beds. The hospital reception of cases of delirium tremens, but in the grew rapidly in size in subsequent years; the regula- following year the Magistrates requested the re- tions forbade the admission of venereal cases but opening of the Lock Ward and offered the Managers there was provided "a salivation room", clearly for the lease of a house in Surgeon's Square for the the mercurial treatment of syphilis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of the London Hospital System, 1823
    Voluntary hospitals http://www.nhshistory.net/voluntary_hospitals.htm#The doctors The Development of the London Hospital System, nhshistory.net nhshistory.com 1823 - 2015 Geoffrey Rivett The Voluntary Hospitals ‘A hospital is, of all social institutions, the one in which perhaps the greatest mixture of motives, the most incompatible ambitions and the most vexatious vested interests are thrown together' Langdon-Davies, 1952 The Sick Poor Hospital healthiness The organisation of clinical work Specialisation Finance The Achievements of the Voluntaries The Doctors References The Nurses The concept of a hospital is a simple one to patients seeking care. To those who work within them hospitals are worlds and empires of their own. The groups working within hospitals have, on the face of it, a common aim - but their interests are divergent. As a result the reaction of a hospital to change may baffle the outside observer, who knows little of the pressure groups within its walls. This chapter considers some of those groups, and issues of importance to them. Like other social services, London’s voluntary hospitals owed their foundation to charity. In the middle ages they were not solely devoted to the acutely ill; they also provided a haven for the lame, the blind, the chronic sick, the mad and the beggar. After the dissolution of the monasteries the citizens of London made a careful census of those for whom they wished to provide care. The royal hospitals included St Thomas’s, St Bartholomew’s, Bedlam, Christ’s Hospital and Bridewell. St Thomas’s and St Bartholomew’s took care of the ill, curable and incurable alike, Christ’s Hospital took foundling children, Bridewell the idle, and Bedlam the insane.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exposure of the Contagious Diseases Acts, and of Government Lock Hospitals
    Dr. Patterson?Exposure of Contagious Diseases Acts. 105 AN EXPOSURE OF THE CONTAGIOUS DISEASES ACTS, AND OF GOVERNMENT LOCK HOSPITALS. By ALEX. PATTERSON, M.D. In the Glasgow Medical Journal for last month, Mr. Lowndes, of Liverpool, a distinguished member of the society for the propagation of the Contagious Diseases Acts over the whole country, writes an elaborate reply to a few remarks I ventured to make in an article in connection with the Statistics of Glasgow Lock Hospital. Whilst averse to enter into controversy with a professional brother on any subject, more especially on a subject so unpleasant, here the matter is one of such interest that I feel it to be my duty to give reasons for my belief. With regard to the excellence of the precept, audi alteram partem, I quite agree with Mr. Lowndes. A leading London medical journal, which for many a long year had this very precept as its motto, now declines to admit a single article in opposition to the Acts, and so declines, because' it takes a different view of the question. The reciprocity is all on one side. With regard to the decrease or increase of prostitution in Glasgow, I may be permitted to state, that for thirty years I have been familiar with the streets of Glasgow by day and night, and without the slightest hesitation I affirm that they are immensely improved since 1870. Formerly there were large numbers of brothels in the city, some occupying two or three flats, and during the afternoon the inmates sat, often in a semi-nude state, at the windows, endeavouring to attract the attention of pedestrians, whilst at night the houses were brilliantly lighted up, and sounds of riot were to be heard at all hours.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Plan 2015 - 2018
    Limerick, Ireland Strategic Plan 2015 - 2018 Mission Statement Faithful to our tradiƟon, we provide the highest possible standard of care and treatment in a professional and compassionate manner to every person who avails of our services Contents Message from the Chairman 3 Message from the Chief Executive 5 History 7 Mission Statement 8 Vision and Values 8 Goals 8 Introduction 9 Scope 9 Governance and Management 10 Health Service Reform 11 Context 12 Service Delivery Model 14 Strategic Objectives 2015 – 2018 16 Resources, Staffing and Finance Requirements 18 Service Developments 2015 – 2018 19 The Future of St. John’s Hospital 21 Conclusion 24 References 25 Appendix 1 27 Message from the Chairman of the Management Committee Most Rev. Brendan Leahy The Management Committee on behalf of its patients and staff are pleased to present St. John’s Hospital Strategic Plan for the period 2015 – 2018. The Plan reflects on the needs of our patients and the commitment of our staff to strive to deliver high quality safe and effective care over the next three years. The Hospital is cognisant of the current challenging times in healthcare with an increasing emphasis on delivery of national healthcare reform programmes, an ever increasing demand on services and staff in a climate of financial constraint and reducing budgets. The recent healthcare reform publications and the move towards the establishment of hospital Trusts pose significant challenges for the hospital in the years ahead. The new structures have challenged all voluntary hospitals to look at their fundamental roles and functions as service providers and consider how they will operate within the new landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • St. John's Fever and Lock Hospital Limerick, 1780-1890
    St. John’s Fever and Lock Hospital Limerick, 1780-1890 St. John’s Fever and Lock Hospital Limerick, 1780-1890 By Patricia M. Bennis St. John’s Fever and Lock Hospital Limerick, 1780-1890, by Patricia M. Bennis This book first published 2009 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2009 by Patricia M. Bennis All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-1393-1, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-1393-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..................................................................................... vii Abstract ...................................................................................................... ix Introduction ................................................................................................. 3 Chapter One............................................................................................... 15 Poverty and Public Health - Limerick 1750 – 1800 Chapter Two.............................................................................................. 27 Origins 1780 –1820 Chapter Three............................................................................................ 43 1821 –
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Survey of Hospital Archives in Ireland Introduction Survey of Hospital Archives in Ireland Approximately 200 locations where records were kept were initially identified by the project team and sanction Funded by the Wellcome Trust granted by the Office of the Director General of the Health Undertaken by the National Archives Service Executive to proceed with the work of surveying. A senior member of National Archives staff, Brian Donnelly; (sanctioned by the Office of the Director General with extensive surveying experience, assisted by a project of the Health Service Executive) administrator, Hilary O’Callaghan, systematically visited each location in order to collect data for the report. These The National Survey of Hospital Archives (hereafter “the findings, including the survey methodology, are presented survey”) was undertaken by the National Archives between in summary form in chapters 3 and 4 of this report. A May 2014 and December 2015 with the objective of conservation professional visited a sample of 7 locations establishing the location, extent, content and condition of to undertake condition assessments of the records in their the archives of hospitals in the Republic of Ireland. The current storage and make recommendations for any survey was made possible following a research resources remedial action required. in medical history award grant of €145,051 from the Wellcome Trust to the National Archives. An academic advisory board was formed of interested and committed academics consisting of representatives of Academics and archivists had long expressed concerns UCC, UL, UCD and Glasgow Caledonian University. This with regard to the permanent preservation of medical and advisory group provided support and expertise from an hospital records and their availability for research academic users’ point of view and have compiled purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction in the First Quarter of the 20 Century in Australia And
    Introduction In the first quarter of the 20 th century in Australia and elsewhere there was a strong perception that venereal diseases were spreading in epidemic proportions, and ricocheting across class and gender boundaries: that they constituted a ‘red plague.’ 1 This opinion was fueled by wartime anxieties related to productivity and defence and led to a fear that venereal diseases were spreading virulently through populations, stripping the new Australian nation of its health and vitality. Such views prompted impassioned debates throughout the period about the most appropriate methods for monitoring, treating and preventing venereal diseases. At their most fundamental, these debates centred on the relationship between the government of self, the government of others, and the government of the state, and the modes of rule considered necessary to maintain the health of populations. I argue that in New South Wales (NSW) from Federation in 1901, through the first three decades of the 20 th century, there was a perceptible shift in modes of rule that related to the management of venereal diseases. At the beginning of the 20 th century, a medico-penal and coercive approach was central to the management of venereal diseases, and so-called ‘case-hardened’ prostitutes, in brothels, were believed to be the most dangerous transmitters of transmission. By 1925, persuasion and ‘responsibilisation’ were becoming important modes for the management of venereal diseases, and young people, in a range of settings including homes and workplaces, were assessed as being a venereal risk. 2 At its core, then, this thesis is concerned with examining these shifting modes of rule.
    [Show full text]
  • Fallen Women and the London Lock Hospital Laws and By-Laws of 1840 (Revised 1848)
    JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES - VOLUME 8 (2010), 141-158 FALLEN WOMEN AND THE LONDON LOCK HOSPITAL LAWS AND BY-LAWS OF 1840 (REVISED 1848) MARÍA ISABEL ROMERO RUIZ* University of Málaga ABSTRACT. The nineteenth century witnessed a huge increase in both private and public institutions to control and to contain two elements deemed to be the most dangerous in British society: the prostitute and the fallen woman. These individuals were considered deviant at a time when the middle-class exercised philanthropy supporting the double standard code of morality. Charity and state intervention were carried out by two kinds of institutions which were closely connected: lock hospitals and lock asylums. However, the role of lock hospitals was to cure venereal disease, whereas the role of the lock asylums was the reformation and instruction of these women. As a consequence, this paper seeks to examine the importance of the London Lock Hospital and Asylum Laws and By-laws of 1840, especially in relation to female patients and penitents, so as to ascertain the roles of these two institutions in the reproduction of the moral standards of the middle-class and of the religious discourse of the time. We shall see that these regulations reflect the ideas of industriousness, repentance and atonement for these women’s past lives, emphasizing the differences between the sexes as far as sexual and moral behaviour were concerned. Keywords: fallen women, venereal disease, lock hospital, lock asylum, philanthropy, double-standard code of morality. _______________________________ * Correspondence should be sent to: Dr. María Isabel Romero Ruiz. C/Pintor Francisco Boigas Aguilar, 10, 29016-Málaga.
    [Show full text]
  • History Knowledge Organiser: Britain: Health and Its People (C.1000-Present Day) Overview
    History Knowledge Organiser: Britain: Health and its People (c.1000-present day) Overview 3 Not to scale 2 1 4 5 6 7 6000BC Year 0 1000AD 2000AD Period Beliefs Key developments and events Individuals 1. Ancient Egypt An extremely religious but well The written word Imhotep 6000-30BC organised society which was Early farming centred around the river Nile. 2. Ancient Greece A religious series of city states Science The Library of Alexandria Aristotle 800 -338BC which focused on education, Philosophy The Olympics Hippocrates philosophy and beauty. Dissection Hippocratic medicine 3. Ancient Rome A vast empire which focused on Hospitals (army) Continuation of Hippocratic Galen (also Greece) 510BC-476AD strength and warfare. Tolerant Buildings/ medicine and accepting of other beliefs. engineering Early Christianity 4. The Middle Ages A period of turmoil and recovery Fall of the Roman Islamic/Christian medicine Bacon Ibn Nafis 476-1445AD after the Fall of Rome. The rise of Empire Rhazes the Catholic Church. The Black Death Ibn-Sina 5. The Renaissance An age of discovery, where The Printing Press The ‘New World’ Vesalius Paracelsus 1492-1750AD people refocused on education, The Great Plague The Reformation Harvey Gutenberg philosophy and beauty. Challenging Galen Renaissance Art Paré 6. The Enlightment/ A period with a huge boom in Dissection Public Health Acts Jenner Koch Halsted Industrial population, a focus on science Cholera outbreaks Antiseptic/aseptic surgery Hunter Simpson Snow Revolution and eventual government help. Germ theory Anaesthetics Pasteur Lister Chadwick 1750-1900AD 7. Modern Day A period of governmental Magic Bullets The welfare state Ehrlich Bevan Fleming 1900AD-Today involvement in public health and World War One The NHS Lloyd George Gillies Florey & science and technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Documentation of Places
    REGISTER OF HERITAGE PLACES Assessment Documentation 11. ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE Cultural heritage significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for individuals or groups within Western Australia. In determining cultural heritage significance, the Heritage Council has had regard to the factors in the Heritage Act 2018 and the indicators adopted on 14 June 2019. PRINCIPAL AUSTRALIAN HISTORIC THEME(S) • 3.26 Providing health services • 4.3 Developing institutions • 4.4 Living with slums, outcasts and homelessness • 7.6.6 Providing services and welfare • 7.6.7 Enforcing discriminatory legislation • 7.6.8 Administering Indigenous Affairs • 9.7.1 Dealing with human remains HERITAGE COUNCIL OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA THEME(S) • 103 Racial contact and interaction • 108 Government Policy • 408 Institutions 11(a) Importance in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Western Australia’s history Lock Hospital (fmr) and Burial Ground, Port Hedland demonstrates the consequences of colonial settlement on the population and health of Aboriginal people in North Western Australia, including the establishment of health care facilities to manage the catastrophic impacts of introduced disease and illness on Aboriginal people. Lock Hospital (fmr) and Burial Ground, Port Hedland represents measures undertaken by the Western Australian government to deal with the spread and treatment of infectious disease, in particular venereal disease, amongst Aboriginal people in the North-West of the state. The presence of a separate Burial Ground near the site of the Lock Hospital is representative of the Government policy regarding treatment of venereal diseases Register of Heritage Places 3 Lock Hospital, Port Hedland 4 September 2019 in the Aboriginal population from the late 1900s, which focused upon isolation of sufferers.
    [Show full text]