15 International

THEME: EATI 2020 EMERGING APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR INDUSTRY 4.0

VENUE ONLINE

Tue 11TH – Thurs 13TH AUGUST 2020

PARTNERS

HIS EXCELLENCY, MUHAMMADU BUHARI GCFR PRESIDENT, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF

1 ISA ALI IBRAHIM PANTAMI, FNCS MINISTER OF COMMUNICATIONS AND DIGITAL ECONOMY IN NIGERIA

2 KASHIFU INUWA ABDULLAHI DG, NATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (NITDA)

3 PROFESSOR ADESINA SIMON SODIYA, FNCS PRESIDENT, NIGERIA COMPUTER SOCIETY (NCS)

4 PROFESSOR CHARLES UWADIA FNCS PRESIDENT/CHAIRMAN-IN-COUNCIL COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS (REGISTRATION COUNCIL OF NIGERIA) (CPN)

5 MR. IYIOLA AYOOLA FNCS EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, NIGERIA COMPUTER SOCIETY (NCS)

6 NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COUNCIL MEMBERS

Prof. Adesina Simon SODIYA FNCS Dr. Muhammad Sirajo ALIYU FNCS Mrs. Shulammite A. ILEBIYI FNCS Mr. Ayodeji Rex ABITOGUN Mrs. Elizabeth OROGUN FNCS PRESIDENT DEPUTY PRESIDENT Chairman, Audit Committee Chairman, Conferences Committee Chairman, Credentials Committee

Mr. Charles Chijioke ONYEUKWU FNCS Prof. Oludele AWODELE FNCS Mr. Olufemi S. WILLIAMS FNCS Dr. (Mrs.) Aderonke BELLO FNCS Professor Rasheed Gbenga JIMOH Chairman, Ethics & Disciplinary Committee Chairman, Innovation, Research and Chairman, Publicity, Events & Trade Chairman, Education and Manpower Ex-Officio, North Central Zone Development Committee Services Committee Development Committee

Dr. Samuel Obiora OKIDE FNCS Mr. Bassey Okwong ESANG FNCS Dr. S. Adebukola ONASHOGA Mr. Gambo Abdullahi SHEHU Mr. Musa A. MOHAMMED FNCS Ex-Officio, South East Zone Ex-Officio, South South Zone Ex-Officio, South West Zone Ex-Officio, North East Zone Ex-Officio, North West Zone

Prof. Ganiyu Adesola ADEROUNMU FNCS Prof. Charles O. UWADIA FNCS Dr. Akinyele OKEREMI FNCS Mr. Raphael A. OMOSOLA FNCS Dr. (Mrs) Florence BABALOLA Immediate Past President, NCS President/Chairman in Council, Computer Professionals President, Institute of Software President, Nigerian Information Technology President, Nigerian Women in Information (Registration Council of Nigeria) (CPN) Practitioners of Nigeria (ISPON) Professionals in the Civil Service (NITPCS) Technology (NIWIIT)

Mr. Adedayo Peter S. AROGUNDADE FNCS Prof. A. Afolayan OBINIYI FNCS Mr. Iyiola M. AYOOLA FNCS President, Information technology Systems and President, Academia in Information Executive Secretary Security Professionals (ITSSP) Technology Profession (AITP)

7

NEC CONFERENCE OFFICIALS

CONFERENCES COMMITTEE MEMBERS 1. Mr. Rex Abitogun Chairman 2. Prof. Awodele Oludele Lead, Paper Review 3. Mr. Femi Williams FNCS Lead, Publicity 4. Mr. Jide Awe FNCS 5. Mr. Adeolu Okanlawon FNCS 6. Engr. Shehu Gambo 7. Dr. (Mrs.) Florence Babalola 8. Dr. Zareefa Mustafa 9. Mr. Tunde Ogunremi FNCS 10. Mr. Adebayo Adegbiji 11. AVM Victor T. Udoh (Rtd) FNCS Lead, Logistics 12. Prof. Abdulwahab Lawan 13. Dr. Oluwasegun Olorunyomi 14. Dr. Abdulsalam Ya'u Gital 15. Mr. Aliyu M. Bello 16. Goke Akinpelu Accounts 17. Taiwo Oyesanwo Secretary 18. Mr. Tola Ajagbe 19. Dr. Franscisca O. Oladipo 20. Mr. Kunle Oladipupo 21. Dr. Rufai Aliyu Yauri 22. Mr. 'Bayo Onimode Lead, Registration 23. Ms. Mariam Chukwuemeka 24. Mrs. Ibukun Odusote FNCS 25. Mohammad Lawali Jabaka 26. Dr. Stanley Okolie 27. Mrs Funmi Omojola 28. Sunday Sango

CONFERENCE PAPER REVIEWERS

1. Prof. Adamu Abubakar 16. Dr. Ayodele Lasisi 2. Prof. Ahmad Shaker Abdalrada 17. Dr. Chukwuka Monyei 3. Prof. Parameshachari B 18. Dr. Dawei Pi 4. Dr. Abd Ullah 19. Dr. Eduardo Lalla Ruiz 5. Dr. Abdulsalam Gital 20. Dr. Fazlyn Petersen 6. Dr. Absalom Ezugwu 21. Dr. Gbenga Dada 7. Dr. Abubakar Abdulkarim 22. Dr. Grega Vrbančič 8. Dr. Abubakar Ahmed 23. Dr. Habib Shah 9. Dr. Adebayo Abayomi-Alli 24. Dr. Hairulnizam Mahdin 10. Dr. Adeyemi Ikuesan 25. Dr. Ibrahim Hashem 11. Dr. Ahmed Aliyu 26. Dr. Irwan Bakar 12. Dr. Alexandros Tzanetos 27. Dr. Jaafar Maitama 13. Dr. Ali Shuaibu 28. Dr. Jibrin Musa 14. Dr. Ali Usman 29. Dr. Kayode Adewole 15. Dr. Andrew Bimba 30. Dr. Keneilwe Maremi

8 NEC CONFERENCE OFFICIALS

CONFERENCE PAPER REVIEWERS

31. Dr. Khalid Haruna 46. Dr. Richard Ikuesan 32. Dr. Leonard Heilig 47. Dr. Sadeer Dheyaa 33. Dr. Lubna Gabralla 48. Dr. Sadia Din 34. Dr. Martin Kyselák 49. Dr. Sahabi Ali 35. Dr. Mohammad Shojafar 50. Dr. Segun Popoola 36. Dr. Mohammadreza Ardakan 51. Dr. Shafii Abdulhamid 37. Dr. Mohammed Abdulhamid 52. Dr. Subashnie Soobramoney 38. Dr. Mohammed Abdullahi 53. Dr. Tahsien Alquraishi 39. Dr. Mohd Izuan Hafez 54. Dr. Timothy Adeliyi 40. Dr. Muhammed Alhassan 55. Dr. Tumiso Thulare 41. Dr. Mukhtar Hamza 56. Dr. Usman Ali 42. Dr. Nadim Rana 57. Dr. Usman Joda 43. Dr. Nickson Karie 58. Dr. Victor Kebande 44. Dr. Osama Alomari 59. Dr. Younes Saadi 45. Dr. Phathutshedzo Mudau

RAPPORTEURS: TECHNICAL SUPPORT: 1. Dr. Olorun yomi 1. Taiwo Oyesanwo 2. Dr. Okunoye 2. Samson Ajose 3. Dr. Inyang 3. Mariam Chukwuemeka 4. Dr. Amoo Lorliam 4. Kunle Durosinmi 5. Dr. Terungwa Simon 5. Dr. Usman Alli 6. Dr. Osunbo Veronica 6. Mrs. Magaret John David 7. Mr. Madu Galadima 7. Mr. Segun Alabi 8. Dr. Okonta 8. Mr. Lookma Kano 9. Dr. Sule 9. Pince Ana 10. AVM Victor T. Udoh (Rtd) 10. Dr. Zareefa Mustafa 11. Mr. Tunde Ogunremi 11. Osisanwo 12. Abubakar Sadiq 13. Falana Olorunjube

9 NATIONAL ANTHEM Arise, O compatriots, Nigeria's call obey To serve our fatherland With love and strength and faith The labor of our heroes past Shall never be in vain To serve with heart and might One nation bound in freedom, Peace and unity.

Oh God of creation, NATIONAL PLEDGE Direct our noble cause I pledge to Nigeria my Country Guide our leaders right To be faithful, loyal and honest Help our youths the truth to know To serve Nigeria with all my strength In love and honesty to grow To defend her unity And living just and true Great lofty heights attain And uphold her honour and glory To build a nation where peace So help me God. And justice shall reign.

The Nigeria Computer Society (NCS) ANTHEM

1. A Haven Of Innovation nigeria Haven Of Excellence Filled With IT computer Professionals n c s society Building Global Affliations www.ncs.org.ng Promoting Research Advancement None Does It Better Than NCS

Chorus 2. I Pledge My Allegiance Moving Forward To Fulfill The Mandate Yes We Are To Burst Out With Vigor, Integrity And Upholding Ethics Competence Yes We Are Promoting Global Advancement Promoting Interests None Does It Better Than NCS Yes We Are NCS, Nigeria Computer Society Chorus (repeat)

10 NCS PRESIDENT'S WELCOME ADDRESS - Professor Adesina SODIYA FNCS

PROTOCOL

On behalf of the 21st National Executive This conference Council (NEC) and the entire membership of will discuss the Nigeria Computer Society (NCS), I am c u r r e n t delighted to warmly welcome you all to the p e r s p e c t i v e s 2020 International Conference. and future directions of industry 4.0, as well the effective transformation strategies. The We are indeed grateful to the Almighty God for opportunities and benefits of complete giving us the opportunity to eventually gather transformation to industry 4.0 will be for this great event. The journey to this year's presented at this conference. The conference started a year ago when took over developmental implications and relevant of the mantle of leadership of this noble society. robotics, autonomous design, augmented Let me remind us that we initially settled for reality, IOT, big data analytics and artificial Owerri as venue, but later changed to Uyo intelligent on performance and value chain when the former governor was removed from will also discussed. office. Thereafter, Covid-19 pandemic came and completely changed our life styles. Covid- We have indeed made this conference truly 19 has prevented us from coming together international in all ramifications. More than physically to professionally interact, network, 40% of manuscripts submitted for this associate and even socialize. As the masters of conference came from outside this Country. Information Technology (IT), we have We received articles from all over the world deployed IT to carefully and effectively realise including United Kingdom, Sweden, Iran, the usual experiences at our physical Norway, Pakistan, Malaysia, South Africa, conferences. For over 40 years of existence, Qatar, Slovenia and Australia. This is the first this is the first time in history of NCS that we time in the history of Nigeria Computer Society are having a virtual conference. This was a bit that selected articles will be published in the challenging, but we are always up to the task. Springer indexed Advances in Intelligent The only thing that is constant in this world is Systems and Computing. We have carefully change and IT professionals are major change chosen top-level technology experts in and actors. outside Nigeria as our speakers. Some of our speakers are also from Australia, France, UK As you would have known, the theme of this and Poland. This conference will provide an year's conference is 'Emerging Applications international forum for industry experts, and Technologies for Industr y 4.0 researchers, academics, professionals and (EATI'2020)”. The fourth Industrial Revolution students from various Information Technology is emerging and evolving at an exponential fields and other cross-disciplinary interests in rate and disrupting industries in every country. Industrial 4.0 This is actually leading to the transformation of entire systems of production, management In addition, this assembly will showcase our and governance. While many organizations traditional programmes such as Grand Finale are still feeling indifferent about this new of the IT Quiz Competitions, NCS Scholarship revolution, others are implementing changes Fund, Induction of New Members, Fellows' and preparing for the future of smart Forum and Annual General Meeting. We shall manufacturing and business processes. be closing the Conference with an interesting Online Dinner and Award Night.

11 We sincerely appreciate our special guests for I must also specially recognized our accepting to be part of this year's Conference. international partners and speakers. President In particular, the Vice-President, Mr. 'Yemi of International Federation for Information Osibajo, the Secretary to the Government of Processing (IFIP), Professor Mike Hinchey; the Federation, Mr. Boss Mustapha, Professor Xiaodong Liu, IEEE Senior Member, State Governor, Mr. Babajide Sonwo-olu; Edinburgh Napier University; Prof. Jemal H. Honourable Minister of Communications and Abawajy (SMIEE) of Deakin University, Digital Economy, Dr, Isa Ali (Pantami); Australia and Editor-in-Chief of Intelligent Director General, National Information Systems and Computing, Prof. Kacprzyk, Technology and Development Agency Janusz (NITDA), Mr. Kashifu Inuwa; Executive Vice- Chairman Nigerian Communications We also appreciate our partners – Computer Commission (NCC), Prof. Umaru Garba Professionals Registration Council of Nigeria Danbatta; Managing Director and Chief (CPN), National Information Technology Executive Officer Galaxy Backbone, Mr. Development Agency (NITDA), Sidmach Muhammad Bello Abubakar; Managing Technologies, Systemspecs, , Director and Chief Executive Officer Nigeria Internet Registration Association NIGCOMSAT, Ms Abimbola Alale; Chairman, (NIRA), Nigerian Communications Senate Committee on ICT and Cybercrime, Commission (NCC), Galaxy Backbone, Senator Yakubu Oseni; Chairman, House Nigerian Communication Satellite Committee on ICT, Ho. Abubakra Lad (NICOMASAT),) and National Identity Managing Director, First Bank Nig. Plc, Dr. Management Commission (NIMC). Olusola Adeduntan; Managing Director / CEO, eTranzact, Mr. Niyi Toluwalope; I want to specially thank the past Presidents President, Manufacturing Association of and elders of this great Society. We appreciate Nigeria, Engr. Mansur Ahmed; MD, Nestle, your vision and unalloyed supports at all times. Mauricio Alarcon; MD, Nigeria Bottling Company, Matthieu Seguin; MD. Chevron, Mr. Finally, I wish to appreciate those that worked Jeffrey Ewing; MD, Shell Petroleum, Mr. assiduously to make today a reality. Members Osaige Okunbor; MD, Nigeran Breweries Plc.; of the National Executive Council, Provost President, Association of Telecoms Operators COF, Fellows of the Society, Conferences of Nigeria, Mr. Olusola Teniola; President Committee Members and the secretariat for Nigeria Society of Engineers, Engr. Babagana their commitments and dedications toward Mohammed; Mr. Prassana Buri, Chief the success of this conference. Information Security Officer, Dangote Group, and and President, Nigeria Institute of Directors, Chief Chris Okunowo.

Once again, I want to assure you that we shall all have fulfilling and memorable event. Thank you and God bless you all.

Professor Adesina SODIYA FNCS President, Nigeria Computer Society (NCS)

12 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN ADDRESS - Ayodeji Rex Abitogun MNCS

PROTOCOL Failure of most d e v e l o p i n g It gives me a great pleasure to welcome you all countries to to this unique, and historic conference. This either prevent event is unique in many ways, it is not just our or respond to the pandemic due to inadequate 15th international conference but the first skills and resources reiterate the need for without our usual physical contact- it is our first paradigm shift in the manufacturing sector. virtual international conference. This conference therefore provides a platform The conference is also historic, as it is holding for global thought leaders, policy and decision amidst global pandemic giving opportunity to makers, captains of industry, professionals, learn something new and do things differently. and the academia to brainstorm on issues of The theme “Emerging Applications and concern and proffer practicable and Technologies for Industry 4.0” was carefully actionable ideas. With close to fifty chosen to address the gap in our connected presentations, three plenary and nine parallel world. Industry 4.0 or Fourth Industrial sessions, you can be rest assured that Revolution is about enhancement of EATI'2020 conference is value packed and computers and automation with smart and knowledge driven. autonomous systems catalyzed by data and machine learning. We appreciate full, free, and candid exchanges in all our debates, regardless of the While a lot of organisations and individuals variance of opinions. Only open and sincere are still in denial of how the fourth industrial conversation in a meeting like this will improve revolution could add value to their business or our knowledge and understanding. how best to adopt it for their unique use cases, others are already on the fast lane embracing We are grateful to our partners and sponsors the future with smart devices. for committing their time and resources to the success of this event. We are also indebted to As a nation therefore, we cannot continue to all the speakers, panelists, and other fold our arms and watch others grow. Through participants. We know you have spent a great critical thinking and scientific method, the deal of time preparing for this event, and we manufacturing sector must build synergy with eagerly await their contributions. NCS is professionals and the academia to develop indeed grateful! local solutions for global challenge. We must adopt modern technology in our production Before ending my remarks, I would like to value chain. This will provide opportunities for thank the President of NCS, Prof Adesina our large youth population in the area of job Simon Sodiya, FNCS, members of the creation, poverty eradication and wealth National Executive Council, College of Fellows creation. for supporting the “adopt a NACOSS” initiative and Members of the Society. I The novel Coronal Virus pandemic ravaging specifically appreciate members of the the world, again reminds us as technology planning committee for organizing this professionals of our role in building smart conference as well as the staff of the solutions for economic transformation. secretariat with whom they have worked closely over the past year.

13 As I close, I would like to remind and appeal to Let us take advantage of our networking our moderators to stick strictly to our time sessions and activities to make new friends schedule to avoid session over run. We have and share ideas. tried to arrange the programme in a way that members will have opportunity to interact and I sincerely hope you will enjoy today and the network such that the impact of physical next two days of debate and networking. interaction will not be felt.

Thank you! Gracias! Merci! E se! Daalu! Nagode!

Ayodeji Rex Abitogun MNCS Chairman, Conferences Committee

14 15 PROFILES OF INVITED SPEAKERS

ISA ALI IBRAHIM PANTAMI Isa Ali Ibrahim also known as Sheikh Pantami He was confirmed (born 20 October 1972) is the Minister of b y P r e s i d e n t Communications and Digital Economy in M u h a m m a d u Nigeria. He was the Director General and Buhari as part of CEO of the National Information Technology 13 newly appointed chief executives for 13 Development Agency (NITDA) of Nigeria government agencies.[17] His directive for from 26 September 2016 – 20 August 2019 NITDA upon employment was to develop the when he was nominated as minister and sworn ICT infrastructure in the North East in the into office on the 21st of August, 2019. In aftermath of the destruction caused by Boko February 2020, Boko Haram leader Abubakar Haram insurgency.[18] Shortly after the Shekau in a nine minute video announced WannaCry ransomware attack, he organized that he had instructed his men to target and the second annual conference on "Financial kill Pantami for introducing a policy that seeks Fraud and Cyber Crime" in Abuja with the to block SIM cards to frustrate terrorists Federal Ministry of Justice and private sector activities. Pantami lectured at Abubakar partners. He also initiated the Nigerian Tafawa Balewa University in Information national public key infrastructure (PKI) Technology before joining the Islamic programme, and went into a security University of Madinah as Head of Technical partnership with ESET, an IT security company Writing in 2014. In 2016, he was appointed as that offers anti-virus and firewall products. the Director General/CEO of the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA).

JAMAL H. ABAWAJY Jemal H. Abawajy of more than 300 international conferences in (Senior Member, various capacities, including the Chair and the IEEE) is currently a General Co-Chair. He is the author/co-author Full Professor with of more than 250 refereed articles and the Faculty of supervised numerous Ph.D. students to Science, Engineering and Built Environment, completion. Deakin University, Australia. He has served on the editorial-board of He has delivered more than 50 keynote and numerous international journals, including the seminars worldwide and has been involved in IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing. the organization

16 PROFILES OF INVITED SPEAKERS

MS. FUNKE OPEKE Ms. Funke Opeke, is founder and CEO of Main One has MainOne. MainOne is a broadband grown to become infrastructure services provider that built West t h e l e a d i n g Africa's first privately owned, open-access p r o v i d e r o f submarine cable system interconnecting Wholesale and Enterprise connectivity and Lagos, Nigeria; Accra, Ghana; and Seixal, data center services across the West African Portugal in 2010. In January 2015, the region and the company partners with major company launched operations of MDXi – global technology companies to deliver 's largest commercial Tier III data services to its customers. The company center, and in Nov 2015, it launched a continues to grow its footprint with major submarine cable extension from Lagos into network interconnection facilities, extensive Kribi, Cameroon. terrestrial fiber build out, regional Points of presence, and delivery of services into 8 countries in West Africa.

PROFESSOR XIAODONG LIU IEEE Senior Member School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK Email: [email protected]

Prof Xiaodong Liu He is the inventor of 1 patent in Generative is an active researcher in intelligence-driven Component Adaptation registered in UK, USA software engineering. His recent research has and at International Level (PCT). He has been been focusing on Cyber Physical Systems, the chair, co-chair or PC member of a number Internet of Things, microservice-oriented of IEEE and IASTED Inter national architecture, evolution of cloud services, and Conferences. He is the associate editor of 2 intelligence-driven sustainable smart systems. international journals and the editorial board He has won 12 external grants and member of 3 other international journals. He is successfully led or leading these externally the chief editor of 3 IGI Global Research funded projects with the role of principal Handbooks. He is the regular reviewer of other investigator. Currently Prof Liu leads the 6 international journals. He is a senior member Intelligence-Driven Software Engineering of IEEE Computer Society, and a member of Research Group. He is the founder a spin out British Computer Society. company, FlexiCAGE Ltd. He has published 135 papers in refereed international journals Topic of the Speech: A New Generation of and conferences and 5 book chapters. Cyber Physical Systems in the Era of AI

17 PROFILES OF INVITED SPEAKERS

CHRISTOPHER PAINTER

Christopher Painter is a globally recognized e.g. Chairing the leader on cyber policy, cyber diplomacy, cyber GFCE Working security and combating cyber-crime. He has Group on Cyber been at the vanguard of cyber issues for over Security Policy & 27 years, first as a federal prosecutor handling Strategy. He is a frequent speaker on cyber some of the most high-profile cyber cases in issues, frequently is interviewed and quoted in the U.S., then as a senior official at the U.S. the media and has testified on numerous Department of Justice, the FBI, the White occasions to U.S. Congressional committees. House National Security Council and, finally, He has received a number of awards and as the world's first cyber diplomat at the U.S. honors including Japan's Order of the Rising Department of State. Among many other Sun, the RSA Security Conference Public things, Christopher served as a commissioner Policy Award and the Attorney General's on the Global Commission for the Stability of Award for Exceptional Service. He received his Cyberspace and had been involved with the B.A. from Cornell University and J.D. from Global Forum on Cyber Expertise since its Stanford Law School. launch in 2015,

BHARAT SONI Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) & Group Head Information Security Group. Guaranty Trust Bank (GTBank) Plc. Nigeria.

Result oriented Expertise also includes recommending and seasoned Information, Cyber Security and managing cost effective, strategic and Risk Management professional with mutually beneficial business solutions, experience of over 21 year in this domain. program management, policy frameworks Strong acumen in implementation of and building and motivating high Governance, Risk and Compliance in performance teams. Working experience complex environments. Adept at creating includes Media House, Software, IT strategic alliances with organization leaders Consulting and Banking. to effectively align with and support key business initiatives.

18 PROFILES OF INVITED SPEAKERS

DR. ADESOLA KAZEEM ADEDUNTAN, FCA, FCIB

Dr. Adeduntan is the Chief Executive Officer of In the course of his FirstBank Group. Prior to this appointment, he d i s t i n g u i s h e d was an Executive Director and the Group Chief career, he has Financial Officer. Under his leadership, received various honours and awards with the FirstBank has won various awards. most recent been 2020 Distinguished Alumnus Award by School of Management; Before joining FirstBank, Dr. Adeduntan was a Cranfield University, UK and 2019 African Director and the pioneer Chief Financial Banking Personality of the Year by African Officer/Business Manager of Africa Finance Leadership Magazine. Corporation (AFC). He also served as a Senior Vice-President & Chief Financial Officer at He is a fellow of both the Institute of Chartered Citibank Nigeria Limited, a Senior Manager in Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) and the the Financial Services Group of KPMG Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria Professional Services and a Manager at Arthur (CIBN). Andersen Nigeria. In addition to AFC, Dr Adeduntan sits on the Adesola attended the University of , boards of FBN Holdings Plc, FBNBank UK, where he obtained a Doctor of Veterinary Nigeria Interbank Settlement System PLC Medicine (DVM) degree. He also holds a (NIBSS), Shared Agent Network Expansion Master's Degree in Business Administration Facilities Ltd (SANEF) and the Nigeria (MBA) from Cranfield University Business Economic Summit Group (NESG), as well as a School, United Kingdom which he attended as member of Sigma Educational Foundation a Chevening Scholar. He has attended various which is focused on enhancing the quality of executive and leadership programmes at tertiary education system in Nigeria. Harvard Business School (USA), The Wharton School (USA), London Business School (LBS), He is married with three children and loves IESE (Spain), University of Oxford (UK), music, especially African folk music. University of Cambridge (UK), CEIBS (China) and INSEAD (France).

FAVOUR ORI

Founder/CEO, WeJapa Limited & FavCode54 favorori.com | linkedin.com/in/favourori | wejapa.com | favcode54.org

Software Engineer & Entrepreneur with 5+years of experience building & shipping innovative products and/or solutions geared toward simplifying, automating, & improving life"

19 PROFILES OF INVITED SPEAKERS DR. JOE ABAH

Dr Joe Abah is the Country Director of DAI. S o m e o f t h e DAI is an international development company interventions he that works with a wide range of clients, led include the including national and local governments, privatisation of waste management in the bilateral and multilateral donors, private Federal Capital Territory, the reform of the FCT corporations, and philanthropies in over 100 Water Board and the creation of the Abuja countries. Enterprise Agency that has empowered 73,000 Nigerians to start businesses, 90% of Before joining DAI in September 2017, Joe which are youth. He also supported the was the Director-General of the Bureau of development of the Nigerian Governors Public Service Reforms in Nigeria. Under his Forum's State Peer Review Mechanism, leadership, he emphasised the need for public believed to be the first subnational peer review service reforms to focus on tangible process in the world. improvements in the lives of citizens, not just administrative reforms. His work as Director Prior to returning to Nigeria in 2003, he General led to improvements in the processing worked in various public sector organisations of drivers' licences, international passports, tax in the UK, including the Prime Minister's Office clearance certificates and national identity of Public Service Reforms. Joe is an management. internationally recognised expert in governance and institutional reforms, political Joe is a strong champion for electronic economy analysis and change management. government. As DG of the Bureau of Public He is also a prolific writer and blogger. Service Reforms, he led the development of a web-based performance assessment tool for Joe is a Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme government agencies that won a Pan African Court of Nigeria and a Solicitor of the Supreme award for Innovation. He also put in place Court of England and Wales. He holds a Ph.D. Nigeria's first electronic Freedom of in Governance and Public Policy Analysis from Information portal. This saw the response time the Maastricht Graduate School of for responding to Freedom of Information Governance, Maastricht University, the requests come down from up to 7 days to less Netherlands, where he currently serves as a than 2 minutes. He also led the institutional Visiting Lecturer. His academic interest is how reforms of dozens of agencies and parastatals. organisations in dysfunctional environments can overcome daunting institutional Before his appointment as Director General of constraints and still function for the benefit of the Bureau of Public Service Reforms in 2013, citizens. Joe led several programmes for the UK Department for International Development (DFID) in Nigeria.

20 PROFILES OF INVITED SPEAKERS

IZTOK FISTER Jr., B.Sc,MEng,PhD Iztok Fister Jr received a B.Sc, MEng and PhD and he has acted in computer science from the University of a s p r o g r a m Maribor, Slovenia. His areas of interest include c o m m i t t e e i n Nature-Inspired meta heuristic algorithms - more than 30 evolutionary computation, data mining, international conferences. He has served as a pervasive computing and sport science. Iztok reviewer in more than 100 journals. Fister has has published more than 120 research articles also delivered more than 20 talks at different in referred journals indexed in Web of Science Universities and conferences in all over the with impact factor/Scopus, conferences and world. He is a recipient of many academic book chapters. awards. He is currently assistant professor at Furthermore, he is a member of the editorial the University of Maribor, Slovenia boards of 5 different international journals,

Dr. SAMUEL FOSSO WAMBA

Dr Samuel Fosso Inter national Jour nal of Logistics Wamba is Full Management, International Journal of P r o f e s s o r a t Production Research, Journal of Business Toulouse Business Research, Technology Forecasting and Social School, and Head Change, Production Planning & Control, and of the Artificial Business Process Management Journal. Prof a n d B u s i n e s s Fosso Wamba is organizing special issues on Analytics Cluster, Franceersity’s Centre for IT-related topics for leading international Science and Technology Studies, France. He journals. He won the best paper award of The earned his Ph.D. in industrial engineering at Academy of Management Journal in 2017 the Polytechnic School of Montreal, Canada. and the papers of the year 2017 of The His current research focuses on business Electronic Markets: The International Journal value of IT, inter-organizational systems on Networked Business. He is an Associate adoption and use, supply chain management, Editor of International Journal of Logistics electronic commerce, blockchain, artificial Management information and The Electronic intelligence in business, social media, Markets: The International Journal on business analytics, big data and open data. Networked Business. He serves on editorial He has published papers in top journals board of five international journals. Prof Fosso including: Academy of Management Journal, Wamba is CompTIA RFID+ Certified European Journal of Information Systems, Professional, Academic Co-Founder of RFID Journal of Cleaner Production, Information Academia. He is the Coordinator of the newly Systems Frontiers, International Journal of created Artificial Intelligence & Business Production Economics, International Journal Analytics Cluster of Toulouse Business School, of Information Management, France.een involved in the organization

21 22 PROGRAMME OF EVENTS DAY 1: TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020 OFFICIAL OPENING Compere/Anchor: Prince Adebayo Adegbiji, MNCS, MCPN 8.00 - 9.00am Meeting Room Open/Networking/Advert Display 9:01 - 9:05am National Anthem Nigeria Computer Society Anthem Opening Prayer: Rt. Rev. (Prof.) Adebayo D. Akinde FNCS 9:06 - 9:10am Opening Address: Mr. Ayodeji Rex Abitogun MNCS - Chairman Conferences Committee 9:11 - 9:15am Welcome Address: Prof. Adesina S. Sodiya, FNCS - President, NCS 9:16 - 9:45am Keynote Speech: Mr. Christopher Painter - Leader & Expert on Cybersecurity & Cyber Policy 9:46 – 10:10am Goodwill Messages: Prof. Charles Uwadia, FNCS - President/Chairman-in Council of CPN Prof. Adenike Osofisan FNCS - Provost, College of Fellows Mr. Kashifu Inuwa Abdullahi - DG, National IT Development Agency (NITDA) Prof. Umar Danbata - EVC/CEO, Nigerian Communications Commission Mr. Muhammed B. Abubakar - MD/CEO, Galaxy Backbone Engr. Aliyu A. Aziz - DG, National Identity Management Commission Engr. Masur Ahmed - President, Manufacturers Association of Nigeria Mr. Niyi Toluwalope - CEO, eTranzact International Limited Prof. Jamal H. Abawajy - Deakin University, Australia 10:11-10:15am Address by the Special Guest of Honor: Mr. Sunday Dare - Hon. Minister of Youths and Sports 10:16-10:25am Chairman’s Address: Dr. Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami, FNCS - Hon. Minister of Communications & Digital Economy 10:26-10:30am Vote of Thanks: Dr. Muhammad S. Aliyu, FNCS - Deputy President, NCS Closing Prayer: Alhaji ‘Ladi Ogunneye FNCS 10:30am Closing: - National Anthem 10:31-11:00am SESSION BREAK PLENARY SESSION 1: Industry 4.0: Technology Governance, Policy and Regulatory Framework Moderator/Chairman: Mr. Austin Okere FNCS - Founder/Chairman, CWG Plc. Session Brief: Digital technology has changed the face of industrial and manufacturing world. The convergence of IoT, Artificial Intelligence and robots, among other evolutions, has enabled smart factories as well as the quantum leap into Industry 4.0. At the heart of these innovations is data. A compromised data will affect the result of production and in turn affect the nation’s GDP. This session tends to x-ray different issues confronting us as a nation if we must be among the top industrialized nation in the world. We will look at our policies in readiness for industry 4.0 as well as propose a workable solution.

11:00 – 11:20am Topic: Smart Manufacturing: Implications for Small, Medium and Large-Scale Enterprises Speaker: Prof. Samuel Fosso Wamba - Franceercity’s Centre for Science & Tech., France

11:21–11:40am Topic: Connectivity Infrastructural Requirements for Industry 4.0 Speaker: Ms. Funke Opeke FNCS - Fonder/CEO, Mainone

11:41-12:00pm Topic: Financial Syatems and Services for Industr 4.0 Speaker: Dr. Adesola Kazeem Adeduntan - MD/CEO First Bank of Nigeria 2:20-12:45pm Q&A 12:45-1:00pm SESSION BREAK

23 PROGRAMME OF EVENTS DAY 1: TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020 PARALLEL SESSION 1: Applications and Techniques in Cyber Intelligence Session Brief: The challenges pose to conventional computing systems because of data generated by different computing devices such as sensors, websites, social media, IoT, mobile phones, etc. at high speed, voluminous and in different variety prompted the invention of high performance computing systems with very high configuration to process the voluminous amount of data been generated. Therefore, new technology is required to process these data that are beyond the capacity of the traditional computing systems. This session present different technologies for solving problems in the high-performance computing systems and network environment.

ROOM 1A ROOM 1B ROOM 1C1 Moderator/Chairman: Moderator/Chairman: Moderator/Chairman: Prof. Rotimi Adagunodo, Prof. Ishaya Tanko Prof. Justice Emuoyibofarhe, Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile- University of Jos, Nigeria Ladoke Akintola University of Ife, Nigeria Technology, Nigeria Sentiment Analysis of Student Lead Paper: The Relevance of A Logistic Predictive Model for Evaluations of Teaching Using Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Determining the Prevalent Mode Deep Learning Approach Algorithms in Smart Sport of Financial Cybercrime in Sub- Training Saharan Africa Presenter: Edi Sutoyo, Telkom University, Bandung, West Java, Presenter: Iztok Fister Jr., Presenter: Udanor C.N, Indonesia University of Maribor, Slovenia University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria Application of K-Nearest Analysis of Variable Learning An intelligent multiagent based Neighbor Algorithm for Rate Back Propagation with anti-phishing scheme for 1:01-1:15pm Prediction of Television Cuckoo Search Algorithm for combating internet fraud. Advertisement Rating Data Classification Presenter: Adekunle Durosinmi, Presenter: Edi Sutoyo, Telkom Presenter: Abdullah Khan, Caleb University, Imota, Nigeria University, Bandung, West Java, Agriculture University Peshawar Indonesia Pakistan IPEDAM: Priority Execution Multi-objective Wrapper-based Statistical Model for Cybercrime Based Approach for Detecting Feature Selection Using Binary Detection in Joined Android Malware Cuckoo Optimisation Algorithm: Heterogeneous Cloud 1:16-1:25pm A Comparison Between NSGAII Computing Environments Presenter: Olorunjube James and NSGAIII Falana, Federal University of Presenter: Zayyanu Umar, Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria Presenter: Ali Muhammed Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Usman, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kebbi, Nigeria

A Survey on Graphical Based An Evaluation of the Frameworks Investigative Study of Unigram Authentication Model for Secure for Predicting of COVID-19 in and Bigram Features for Short Electronic Payment (E-Payment) Nigeria using Time Series Data Message Spam Detection 1:26 - 1:45pm Analytics Model Presenter: Sani Suleman Isah Presenter: Rasheed G. Jimoh, Atsu, Federal University of Presenter: Collins N. Udanor, University of Ilorin, Nigeria Technology, Minna, Nigeria University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria

24 PROGRAMME OF EVENTS DAY 1: TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020 Towards accountability in public Towards an Ambient-Intelligent A Hybrid Model for Prediction of spending using blockchain Tool for Facilitating Interaction Natural Gas Density Based on technology Among Nigerian Adults Sparse Autoencoder and 1:46 - 2:00pm Artificial Neural Network Presenter: Adebayo Omotosho, Presenter: Stanley Adiele Ladoke Akintola University of Okolie, Federal University of Presenter: Aliyuda Ali, Gombe Technology, Nigeria Technology, Owerri, Nigeria State University, Nigeria

2:01 - 2:30pm Q & A 2:31 - 3:00pm SESSION BREAK Panel Discussion Session 1: Industry- Academia: Bridging the Future Gap

3:00-5:00pm Industry- Academia: Bridging the Future Gap Session Focus: Our citadel of learning is designed to spark knowledge among youths so they can be creative and develop passion for innovative as they transit into the job market. This session will focus on discussing industry 4.0 curriculum requirements from the academia such that the youths can be employment ready and fit into the global market. Discussants: Sefunmi Durojaye - Country Programs Manager, Oracle Academy Mr. Adeolu Okanlanwon FNCS - Shell Nigeria Mr. Olaniyi Tolulope - CEO, e-transact International Limited Abubakar Sadiq - NACOSS President Prof. Stella Chiemeke FNCS - Rector, Delta State Polytechnic Moderator: Mr. Jide Awe FNCS - CEO, Jidaw Systems Limited

This session is proudly sponsored by ORACLE ACADEMY

State Chapter’s Meeting== 6pm - 7:30pm

END OF DAY 1

25 PROGRAMME OF EVENTS DAY 2: WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 12, 2020 7:00 - 9:00am FELLOWS’ BREAKFAST FORUM PLENARY SESSION 2: Moderator/Chairman: Dr. Amina Magaji-Sambo, Coordinator, OIIE Session Brief: The Challenge posed by COVID-19 again reaffirm the need for information Technology professionals to change their strategies and come up with solutions for virtual and autonomous production. Industry 4.0 or the Fouth Industrial revolution is about the use of cyber- physical systems, the Internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and machine learning. This session will explore our readiness for Industry 4.0 as it is coming fast and will compete in tomorrow’s world, and beyond. Information technology professionals must evolve with the times. As a nation, we must leverage on our youthful population and prepare for this challenge.

9:01 -9:20am Topic: Innovative Strategies for Addressing Cybersecurity and Privacy Challenges in Industry 4.0 Speaker: Mr. Bharat Soni, Chief Information Security Officer, GTBank Plc

9:21 – 9:40am Topic: A New Generation of Cyber Physical Systems in the Era of AI Speaker: Prof Xiaodong Liu, IEEE Senior Member, Edinburgh Napier University, UK

9:41-10:00am Topic: Identity and Population management strategies for stimulating digital Economy Speaker: Engr. Aliyu A. Aziz, DG/CEO, National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) 10:21-10-40am Q & A 10:41-11:00am SESSION BREAK PANEL DISCUSSION SESSION 2: NITDA SESSION Driving Innovation for Sustainable Development 11:00-12:45 pm Discussants: Dr Vincent Olatunji, Director, e-Government Development and Regulations (RegTech in a Digital Economy) Dr Amina Sambo-Magaji, National Coordinator, Office for ICT Innovation and Enterpreneurship (Emerging Tech & Industry 4.0 in a Digital Economy) Dr Agu Collins Agu, Director, Corporate Planning and Strategies (R&D in a Digital Economy) Dr Muhammad A. Lawan, Head, Computer Emergency Readiness and Response Team (CERRT/Security & Digital Economy) Moderator/Chairman: Barr. Kasim Sodangi, National Coordinator, Office for Nigerian Content in ICT Vote of Thanks: Mr O. Adejube, Director, Standards, Guidelines and Framework

This session is proudly sponsored by NATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (NITDA) 12:46-1:00pm SESSION BREAK PLENARY SESSION 3: Moderator/Chairman: Mr. Abdul-Hakeem Ajijola Session Brief: The Youth of Nigeria account for close to 60 percent of Nigeria Population with majority of them finding it difficult to cater for daily living. This session will focus on how we can leverage on the opportunities presented for youth integration and national development.

1:01-1:20pm Topic: Youth Innovation and Sustainable Productivity Speaker: Dr. Joe Abah, Country Director, DAI

26 PROGRAMME OF EVENTS

DAY 2: WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 12, 2020 1:21–1:40pm Topic: Industry Relevant Technologies for Teaching and Learning Speaker: Mr. Danny Gooris, EMEA Director, Oracle Academy

1:41-2:00pm Topic: Entrepreneurship in Information Technology Speaker: Favour Ori, Founder Wejapa

2:01 - 2:20pm Topic: The Future University: Academia-Industry collaboration for Industry 4.0 Speaker: Mr. Alfie Hamid, Regional Manager, Africa, Cisco Systems

2:21-2-40pm Q & A 2:41-3:00pm SESSION BREAK

PARALLEL SESSION 2: Applications and Techniques in Industry 4.0 Session Brief: The challenges pose to conventional computing systems because of data generated by different computing devices such as sensors, websites, social media, IoT, mobile phones, etc. at high speed, voluminous and in different variety prompted the invention of high performance computing systems with very high configuration to process the voluminous amount of data been generated. Therefore, new technology is required to process these data that are beyond the capacity of the traditional computing systems. This session present different technologies for solving problems in the high-performance computing systems and network environment

ROOM 2A ROOM 2B ROOM 2C Moderator/Chairman: Moderator/Chairman: Moderator/Chairman: Prof. Olumide Sunday Adewale Prof. (Mrs) Gloria Chukwudebe Prof. (Mrs) Adenike Osofisan, Federal University of Technology, Federal University of Technology Provost, College of Fellows, Akure,Nigeria Owerri, Nigeria Nigeria Computer Society Regulation and Standardization A Holistic Approach for Predictive Decision Support of Blockchain Technology for Enhancing Critical Infrastructure Analytic Model for Intelligent 3:01-3:15pm Improved Benefit Realization Protection: Research Agenda Obstetric Risks Management

Presenter: Enwerem C. Presenter: Livinus Obiora Presenter: Udoinyang G. Inyang, Udochukwu, Nweke, Norwegian University of Faculty of Science, University of Federal University of Technology, Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Uyo, Nigeria Owerri, Nigeria Norway

A Review on Unmanned Aerial Cursory View of IoT-Forensic Mathematical Verification of 3:16-3:30pm Vehicle Energy Sources and Readiness Framework Based on Hybrid model for Prime Decision- Management ISO/IEC 27043 Making in Driving Recommendations Presenter: Ibrahim Abdullahi Presenter: Rabi Mustapha, Shehu, Ahmadu Bello University, Presenter: Richard A. Ikuesan, Kaduna State University, Nigeria Nigeria Qatar Community College, Qatar

5G Mobile Technology in Adoption of Smart and Disruptive Application of Computation Developing Economies: Technologies for Educational Control Techniques in Industrial 3:31-3:45pm Balancing the Efficacy of the Development and Automation of Chemical Process: A Review Internet of Things (IoT) and the Industry 4.0 in Nigeria Ethics of Things (EoT) Presenter: Donatus Njoku, Presenter: Ugochukwu O. Federal University of Technology . Presenter: Matthew, Hussaini Adamu Owerri, Nigeria Arinze U.C, University of Nigeria, Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Nsukka, Nigeria Nigeria

27 PROGRAMME OF EVENTS

DAY 2: WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 12, 2020 A Survey 0n Infodemic of 5g Enhanced Approach to Deep Learning Solutions for Cellular Technologies Microprocessor Education Protein: Recent Development 3:46-4:00pm and Future Directions Presenter: Anthony Okumbor, Presenter: Chimezie Eguzo, Delta State Polytechnic, Nigeria Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Presenter: Ali Muhammad Unwana, Nigeria Usman, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Security and Privacy Solutions to Cybersecurity Vulnerability Development of an Electronics Big Data: A Survey Landscape Fees Payment Gateway

4:01-4:15pm Presenter: Francisca Ogwueleka, Presenter: Uche M. Mbanaso Presenter: C. H. Ugwuishiwu, Nigerian Defence Academy University of Nigeria, Nsukka (NDA), Kaduna, Nigeria An Investigation of National

4:16 - 4:30pm Q & A 4:31 - 5:00pm SESSION BREAK

PARALLEL SESSION 3: Applications and Techniques in High Performance Computing and Networks

ROOM 3A ROOM 3B ROOM 3C Moderator/Chairman: Moderator/Chairman: Moderator/Chairman: Prof. Olusegun Folorunso, Prof. Afolayan Obiniyi, Ahmadu Prof. Sahala B. Junaidu, Federal University of Agriculture Bello Univrsity, Zaria, Nigeria Ahmadu Bello Univrsity, Zaria, Abeokuta, Nigeria Nigeria An Efficient Multi-Sensor A metaheuristic based virtual Data Sampling-based Feature 5:01- 5:15pm Positions Human Activity machine allocation technique Selection Framework for Recognition: Elderly Peoples in using whale optimization Software Defect Prediction Rural Areas in Focus algorithm in cloud Presenter: Abdullateef O. Presenter: Haruna Abdu, Presenter: Nadim Rana, Jazan Balogun, University of Ilorin, Universiti Sains Malaysia University, Kingdom of Saudi Nigeria Arabia

Fault Mitigation in Real-Time Internet of Things Based ATM A Reliable Hybrid Software 5:16-5:30pm Cloud Computing Monitoring System: A Reliable Development Model: CRUP ATM Physical Attack Security (Crystal Clear & RUP) Presenter: Festus Adeyinka Option Osuolale Presenter: Taghi Javdani Federal University of Technology, Presenter: Celestine Ugwu, Gandomani, Shahrekord Akure, Nigeria University of Nigeria, Nsukka University, Shahrekord, Iran Analysis and Comparison of Key Real-Time Sentiment Analysis Development of an Online Bus 5:31-5:45pm Revocation Protocols in Wireless Model for Virtual Classroom Booking System Optimized Using Sensor Network Evaluation Dikstra’s Algorithm

Presenter: Taofeek Yusuf, The Presenter: Ikenna Ezea, Alex- Presenter: Modesta Ezema, Federal University of Technology, Ekwueme Federal University University of Nigeria Nsukka, Akure, Nigeria Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria Nigeria An End-User Programming Regulation of Blockchain An improved Deoxyribo Nucleic Approach for creating Virtual Technology in Nigeria: Need and Acid (DNA) Cryptographic 5:46-6:00pm Innovation Labs Risks Mitigation Towards Industry Modeling Technique Based on 4.0 Preparedness Residue Number System Presenter: Oluwatimilehin Salako, Federal University of Presenter: Obianuju N. Presenter: Logunleko, Abolore Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria Mbadiwe, Federal University of Muhamin, Gateway ICT Technology Owerri, Nigeria Polytechnic, Saapade, Nigeria

28 PROGRAMME OF EVENTS

DAY 2: WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 12, 2020 Machine Learning: Data A Focused Web Crawler for A Secured Decentralized Privacy- 6:01-6:15pm extraction technique using Naïve Strengthening Cyber Security Preserving Healthcare System Bayes Algorithm and Building a Knowledge-Based Using Blockchain Domain Presenter: Ikerionwu Charles, Presenter: Odekunle H.W Federal University of Technology Presenter: Ikerionwu Charles, Kings University, Odeomu, Owerri, Nigeria. Federal University of Technology, Nigeria Owerri, Nigeria

Security in Smart Era

Speaker: Mrs. Aderele M. Temitayo FIIRO, Nigeria

6.16--6:30pm Q & A

END OF DAY 2

29 PROGRAMME OF EVENTS DAY 3: THURSDAY, AUGUST 13, 2020 INDUCTION OF NEW MEMBERS 9:00-9:04am National Anthem Welcome Remark: Prof. Adesina Simon Sodiya FNCS – President, NCS

9:05-9:20am Induction Lectures: Topic 1: Understanding the New Career Goals and Values of Information Technology Speaker: Mr. Bimbo Olayinka FNCS

9:21-9:30am Topic 2: Professional Ethics and Discipline Speaker: Dr. Charles Onyeukwu FNCS - Chairman, Ethics and Disciplinary Committee

9:31-9:40am Presentation of Candidates for Induction Pledge and Issuance of Membership Certificate Chairman Credentials Committee: Mrs. Elizabeth Orogun FNCS

9:21-9:30am Chairman: Professor Adenike Osofisan FNCS – Provost, College of Fellows 9:31-9:40am Response by Inductee: Mr. Adewale Salami 9:31-9:40am Vote of Thanks: Mr. Iyiola Ayoola, FNCS - Executive Secretary 9:41-9:45am National Anthem/End of Induction 9:45-10.30am SESSION BREAK 10:30am ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (AGM)

END OF DAY 3: CLOSE OF EVENT

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