THE PERSONNEL OF THE TWO DELEGATIONS.

. Now let us consider the personnel of the medical dele- MEDICAL LEGISLATORS OF TWO REPUBLICS. gations as found, respectively, in these two great legis- lative bodies. CHARLES A. L. REED, M.D. In the French Senate are Gacon (Al- Chairman of the Committee on Medical Legislation of the Goujon (), American Medical Association. lier), Vagnat (Hautes-Alpes), Trezoul (Ariege), CINCINNATI. Gauthier (), Ouvrier (), Flassieres (Bouches-du-Bhone), Blanchier (), Combes FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES. (Charente-Inferieure), Dellestable and Labrousse There are ninety-two physicians in the two houses of (Correze), Eicard (Cote-d'Or), Yillard (), the present French Congress\p=m-\theNinth, elected last Denoix and Peyrot (), Saillard and Borne year. (), Lannelongue (), Lancet (Gers), Lourties There were four physicians in the two houses of the (), Eeymond (), Vigier (), Eey last of the United (), Pettijean (Nievre), Labbe (), Bataille Congress States\p=m-\theFifty-ninth, Gau- that limitation in 1907. (Puy-de-D6me), Pedebidon (Hautes-Pyrenees), expired by , thier Guillemaret in (Haute Saone), (Saone-et-Loire), These facts are mentioned distinct paragraphs for Trancoz and Chautemps (Haute-), Piettre the purpose of emphasizing the contrast, in this par- (Seine), Boularan (), Eolland (Tarn-et-Garonne), ticular, between the two great republics of the world. Ligallis and Clemenceau (Yar), Parisot (), This contrast becomes all the more striking when it is Lordereau (), Gerente (Alger), Aubry (Con- remembered that the population of France, in 1906, stantine). that was 38,228,969, while of the United States for the In the Chamber of Deputies are Buzonet (Ain), same year, the estimate being based on the census of Thiorier (), Isoard (Basses-Alpes), Durand 1900, was approximately 85,000,000. (Aude), Hugon (), Eoy (Charante-Inferieure), . I have no recent figures as to the number of physicians Eavier (), Lachand and Eouby (Correze), Santelli in France, but I have a distinct recollection that a few (), Baudet (C6tes-du-), Clament, Sireyjol, years ago it was quoted at 28,000. The number of Pourleyron and Sarrazin (Dordogne), Evesque physicians in the United States in 1906, according to (Drome), Dubuisson (Finistere), Chapius (), the "American Medical Directory," the official medical Laurent (Loire), Vazeille (Loiret), Dudouyt directory of the United States, just issued by the Ameri- (), Pechadre and Pozzi (), Chapuis can Medical Association, was 122,167. These figures (Meurthe-et-), Defontaine and Dron (Nord), bring into even more striking contrast conditions which, Beaudon, Delpierre and Chopinet (), Cachet considered in relation to each other, amount to a socio- (Orne), Delilas-Fanien and Morel (Pas-de-Calais), logic phenomenon. Sabatiere and Chabige (Puy-de-Dome), Pujade (Pyrenees-Orientales), Cazeneuve (Ehone), Dubreff and THE MEDICAL LEGISLATORS IN THE TWO COUNTRIES. Simyan (Saone-et-Loire), Empereur (Savoy), Levraud, A study of this phenomenon is of interest not only to Brousse, Vaillant and Meslier (Seine), Delbet (Seine- sociologists in general, but more particularly to Ameri- et-Marne), Amodru (Seine-et-Oise), Joyeux-Laffuie and can physicians who are more or less acquainted with the Cibiel (), Vacherie and Boutard (Haute- personnel of the medical profession of France and who Vienne), Villejean (Yonne), Duquesnav (, have some knowledge of the cities and people and, con- de Mahy (Eeunion). sequently, of the political constituencies of that country. In the United States Senate is Gallinger (New But before giving the names of the various medical In the United States House of Eepre- and be of Hampshire). representatives their constituencies it may sentatives (Fifty-ninth Congress) were Barchfeld interest to state that the French Congress, like the Burton Samuels (Penn- American is of two houses. The (Pennsylvania),. (Delaware"), Congress, composed . house in in is sylvania) upper France, like that this country, to of the elected while lower Information as the personnel newly called the Senate, the house, corresponding Sixtieth is not available. It is known, to House of is called the Chamber Congress yet our Eepresentatives, that Burton and Barchfeld have been re- of Deputies. The French Senate has 300 members, of however, the elected. which 40 are physicians; American Senate consists who's who? of 90 members, of which one is a physician. The French Chamber of Deputies has 595 members, of which Now, who are these men? What is their status, indi- 52 are physicians; the American House of Eepresenta- vidually and collectively, socially and in the profession tives has 386 members, of which, in the Fifty-ninth of their respective countries? Are they really repre- Congress, 3 were physicians. sentative men either professionally or politically?

Downloaded From: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/ by a University of California - San Diego User on 06/12/2015 Have they shown capacity as legislators and adminis- whose contributions on cancers of the eye have com- trators? These are important questions, for it is only manded general attention; Isoard, whose labors in con- in the light of correct answers to them that the desir- nection with original hygienic ^investigations at Mar- ability of medical representation in the legislative bodies seilles are generally quoted; and there are doubtless can be determined. others in this same body who are equally entitled to First, then, as to France: To begin with, it may be mention, 'but whose achievements I do not happen to asserted that the entire delegation is a distinguished know. one; for, to be a member of the corps legislatif of If we turn to the Senate, we find an equally gratifying France is, of itself, a distinction. And what is true of range of professional distinctions. There are Labbe, France, in this particular, is equally true of America. whose long service at the Beaujon and as professeur But in France there are other distinctions, some carry- agrege at brought him the merited distinction of ing with them tangible insignia. Thus, something over the presidency of the national surgical society; Peyrot, a hundred years ago, an order was established, mem- the distinguished surgeon, whose works, "Diseases of the bership in which was, and is yet, conferred as a reward Chest and Abdomen" and "Manual of External Pathol- for military and civil services of extraordinary merit. ogv" are authoritative; Saillard, director of the medical A conspicuous act of bravery in war may bring the school, professor of surgery and chief of the hospitals prize at once, but it is conferred in times of peace only at Besancon; Lannelongue, whose "Lessons in Clinical after twenty years of distinguished service, either mili- Surgery" is one of the best known works in France; tary or civil. This is the great Legion of Honor, to be a Borne, a leureat of the Medical Faculty of Paris, which chevalier of which may well be the ambition of any man. accorded him the Corvisart prize; Eeymond, another It may be of interest, therefore, as showing the position laureat of the Paris Faculty, who is a well-known wri- of the French medical legislators in their own country, ter on bacteriology and surgery; Goujon, also a laureat, to state that about one-third of them—to be precise, whose writings on physiologic subjects are quoted both twenty-nine out of the ninety-two—wear the coveted cor- in and out of France; Blanchier, who conducted some don, recognized the world over as the insignia of honor. of the earliest and most important original experiments Another distinction, created in 1808, that of officier on salicylate of soda; Eolland, who has followed up the de Vacademxe, with the insignia of double palms, con- work of Charcot in psychiatry; Parisot, an authority on ferred on litterateurs and savants, is held by a score or pediatrics, whose labors in the popularization of vac- more members of the medical delegation. A number cination and for the protection of infants of earliest ages of them have foreign decorations, showing that these places him in the category of philanthropists; and, medical legislators, many of them at least, are prophets finallj', there are Combes and Clemenceau, both physi- honored not only in their own countrv, but beyond its cians, the former a writer on psychology, both of whom confines. And let it be understood, furthermore, that are such conspicuous characters in the world as to these honors come, not as meaningless expressions to special mention, even in the short space of this - require favored friends, but as merited recognition for things article. done, labor rendered and results achieved. COMBES. PROFESSIONAL DISTINCTIONS OF THE FRENCH Combes was a former, as Clemenceau is the present, DELEGATION. premier of France. Justin Louis Emile Combes was But if these results have been achieved, if these born at Eoquecombe (Tarn) in 1835. After gradu- things have been done, they who have achieved and ating in medicine and letters he settled in Paris. He done them must, of course, be otherwise known of took up psychology as a special study and wrote an men. And so they are, many of them at least. There interesting work on the psychology of St. Thomas are at least twenty-five of the names given that Aquinas. He drifted into philosophy and historiography, appear repeatedly in each volume of the Index Medians on which topics he made numerous valuable contribu- His career that for the last twenty years. Anybody can see them tions. political began, like of many who may take the trouble to make the reference. physicians in France, by being elected mayor of the It would be impossible in this short article to give town in which he lived. That was in 1876. Nine vears the bibliography of all of them, and to give that of later he went to the Senate. one without that of others would be invidious. Some From that date he has been a national figure in bave professorial distinctions. There, for instance, is France. The laws of primary education; those relating Cazeneuve, who is a member of the faculty of the world- to instruction in Algiers, and to the higher education of famed medical school at and one of the most con- the Mussulmans in that country; measures for the stant contributors to the Medicals. And there is construction of the French navy; others for the regula- Adrien Pozzi, who is professor of surgery at Reims tion of the railroads, are a few of the subjects that bear after having been agrege for years at Paris. He was the stamp of his individuality and show the range of one of the collaborators on the well-known work on his versatility. gynecology issued several years ago by his celebrated His great achievement, however, was the abolition of elder brother, Professor Samuel-Jean Pozzi, of Paris, the concordat that had long existed between France and who, by the way, was himself a senator in the second the Vatican. He began this while he was a minister of Congress preceding the present one. Both Pozzi and public instruction in the so-called Bourgeois cabinet Cazeneuve are in the Chamber of Deputies, where they (1895-1896) ; he kept it up while in the cabinet of have for colleagues such men as Laurent, the leading Waldek-Eousseau (1899-1902), and finally carried it surgeons at Eoanne, where he is chief of the maternite; into effect in the cabinet of which he himself was pre- Yillejean, who is a professeur agrege at Paris; Saba- mier (1902-1905). This great achievement—the sepa- tier, who is a writer on ophthalmologic subjects; ration of church and state in France—was probably one Pujade, whose work on "The Practical Cure of Tuber- of the greatest revolutionary steps ever effected in any culosis" was crowned by the Academy of Medicine of country, and probably the only revolution in the history Paris; Dubief, who is an alienist of distinction; Dron, of France, of equal moment, so well conceived that its

Downloaded From: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/ by a University of California - San Diego User on 06/12/2015 execution was effected without the shedding of blood. France, and about twentv-five others. It would The master hand in this great coup d'etat was Combes, seem from this that medical men in France shoulder the physician. and carry their full share of the burden that falls, or CLEMENCEAU. should fall, on all alike in a great republic such as Then came the short-lived cabinets of Eouvier— theirs and ours. short lived, apparently, because they contained no physi- AMERICAN MEDICAL LEGISLATORS. cian to protect them, an although Dujardin-Beaumetz, Now let us turn to artist who was of had a name the contrasting picture furnished under-secretary state, the in the familiar to medical ears. But when who fol- by United States. Four physicians Congress Sarrien, of this we have to lowed, was forced by ill health to retire as great country! Fortunately, apolo- premier, for the smallness of the The President Fallieres requested Dr. Clemenceau to organ- gize only delegation. "who's-who" can be ize a ministry—the one now in office. This remarkable inquiry made with resulting quali- fication. Dr. Jacob H. Senator from man. Clemenceau, deserves more than a word. Thus, Gallinger, passing New was a in Con- I'orn in 1841, he graduated in medicine at the age of Hampshire, practicing physician cord and for a that ex- 28, and he seems to have entered almost at once on a many years enjoyed reputation tended over the of New He political career. He began, of course, as mayor, and larger part England. began his career as a in his state presided over Montmartre during the dark of the political representative days in 1872. He has since served as a member commune. After the war with Germany he, as a mem- legislature ber of the National Assembly, assisted in the reconstruc- of a constitutional convention, surgeon-general of his tion of the government. President of the Municipal state, representative in Congress and, finally, United Council, secretary of the Chamber, recognized parlia- States Senator. Dr. Andrew Jackson Barchfeld, repre- mentary leader of the extreme left, Senator and Presi- sentative from the Thirty-second Pennsylvania District, in medicine in and is a of dent of the Council (Premier) are the chief offices that graduated 1884, surgeon he has held in succession. In the meantime he has prominence in Pittsburg, where he resides, being a member of that established and conducted several newspapers, La Jus- of the staff of the South Side Hospital lice, Le Bloc and, finally, L'Aurore, through which, city. He is a member of professional organizations successively, he has promulgated his strong anticlerical from his county society to the American Medical Asso- convictions. He is to-day carrying to completion the ciation. Dr. Hiram Eodney Burton, representative-at- great reforms inaugurated by Combes, and is himself large from the State of Delaware, has been for thirty- if will the five years a practitioner of medicine in his native town inaugurating policies which, successful, give in of France a control over utilities of Lewes, and every way identified with the activity people larger public and his state. and a larger share in the derived from the welfare of county and Dr. Edmund Wil- proceeds liam the from the Sixteenth natural resources of the country. Strong, Samuels, representative courageous, is another active of magnetic and always a fighter for his convictions, that Pennsylvania District, practitioner is Clemenceau, the physician. medicine who has served his community in various pub- lic capacities before coming to Congress. Illustrated OTHER MEDICAL CABINET OFFICERS. biographic notices of these four conspicuous and hon- But there are other members of the present French ored members of our profession will shortly appear in Congress who have done duty in the cabinet. Thus, for The Journal. It is with a desire not to forestall inter- example, Chautemps, now Senator from the Haute- est in these notices that more is not said in this connec- Savoie, was a member of the Eibot cabinet in 1898. tion. It is, however, proper to state that, while the The Deputv from Eeunion, dc Mahy, has served in the medical profession of the United States, as compared cabinets of Freycinet (1882), Fallieres (1885), Tirard with that of France, in the matter of participation in (1887), and has served since as Vice-president of the national legislation, has occasion to blush, its chagrin Chamber. Vigier, Senator from Loiret, has seen duty arises from disparity in the number rather than in the in a half-dozen cabinets. quality of its representatives. OTHER POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF FRENCH PHYSICIANS. COMPENSATION OF CONGRESSMEN IN THE TWO The examples of Combes and Clemenceau demon- REPUBLICS. strate of for the capacity physicians the various phases The interest that medical men in France dis- of life in France. all of them have great public Nearly begun play in matters of state can not be accounted for on the as local each in the commune in which he councillors, basis of received. The pay, or the "in- or in the canton in the arrondissc- compensation lives, or, possibly, as it is called in France, is 9,000 francs, the three of local boards demnity," only ment, grades government pecul- or about $1,800, for both Senators and Deputies, while iar to that As a matter of country. fact, just sixty-five the pay in the United States is 37,500 francs, or $7,500, of these at one time or served physicians have, another, in both branches of It is not germane to our as often as of Congress. members, officers, the Council. Then, but it will do no harm to observe that members a number of them have been it subject, too, goodly mayors; of the British Parliament serve entirely without com- seems, indeed, as if the mayoralty is the stepping stone and that the medical has from pensation, profession always the Council to Congress. But it is interesting to liberal in that with these see the number of French and representation body. Certainly cities, important ones, wholesome examples before us it must be apparent that, too, that either have or have had physicians for mayors. relatively speaking, the medical profession of the United , Reims, , Lyons, are among the more States is not doing its full duty in these higher activi- important, while members of the present Congress ties of American the future accord embrace former of citizenship. May mayors Donjon, Briangon, Varilhes, us a better record! Sijean, Mur-de-Barrez, Pons, Gueret, Peyriac, Saint Hippolyte, Audi, Aire, Chateauneuf, Saint-Denis, SOME MEDICAL MEMBERS OF STATE LEGISLATURES. Catus, Louhans, Crepy, Campagne-les-Hesdin, Arlac, I have found it practically impossible to get a list of Pont-du-Chateau, Cluny, Chamarande, Eancon, Fort-de- all the physicians who are members of state legislatures.

Downloaded From: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/ by a University of California - San Diego User on 06/12/2015 I am convinced, however, that, if fully compiled, it OHIO. would be long enough to show that the members of our NAME. RESIDENCE. OFFICE. are take an William M. Denman. West Unity . Senator profession beginning to increasing interest J. W. Guthrie.Manchester.. Representative in the affairs their states. A. J. Crawford.Glouster. legislative of respective The . Representative Young Stephenson .... Georgetown. Representative list is Additional names will be L. M. MeFadden.Washington C. II.. subjoined. published . Representative as as are Wm. Curtis Whitney. Westerville . Representative received. John H. rapidly they . Criswell.Marion.. Representative IN F. F. Demuth.Cecil .'. . Representative PHYSICIANS STATE LEGISLATURES. George B. Nye.Waverly . Representative Edwin B. Harper.Clinton . Representative ALABAMA. COLORADO. NAME. BESIDENCE. OFFICE. B. L. Jefferson.Steamboat Springs . Senator G. T. McWhorter .Riverton . Senator G. D. Dulin.Las Animas. Representative

M. C. . A. Ragsdale.McCalla Representative B. Harbison.Aguilar.. Representative J. R. Vann.Abbeville. Representative OREGON. INDIANA. Wm. G. Cole.Pendleton. Senator Senator M. M. McDowell.Vincennes. Senator O. C. Smith.Portland. Evan L. Patterson.... Brookville. Senator J. N. Smith.Salem . Senator L. T. Cox.Napoleon. Representative B. H. McCallon.Dallas. Representative H. B. . Belknap.Prineville . Representative A. W. Portor.Loogootee. Representative II. .Klamath H. G. Read.I'ipton. Representative Geo. Merryman... Falls. Representative . Charles E. Scholl.Camden . Representative John PENNSYLVANIA. W. Vizard.Pleasant Mills . Representative Daniel P. Gerbrick Lebanon. . Senator Edwin M. . ILLINOIS. Herbst.Olev.... Senator Senator W. C. Miller.Bedford. . M. . D. Fostpr.Olney Representative Charles B. Quail.Auburn . Senator John W. Bowman. .Lemoyne. Representative K. Rein . . IOWA. Hartzell.Allen'town.. Representative J. S. Hunt.Easton. Representative B. W. Clark .Grinnell. Senator J. Krebs.Northumberland. S. . Representative J. A. DeArmand.Davenport . Senator M. John Martin.Grove City. . Representative J. A. McKlveen.Chariton. Senator E. S. Meals.Harrisburg. . Representative Henry . Senator Young.Manson . E. E. McAdoo.Ligonier. . Representative James F. Clark.Fairfield . Representative W. . Representative Jesse D. W. Sprowls.Houston . Elliott.Hawleyville . Representative C. L. Stevens.Athens. Representative P. M. Jewell.Decorah . Representative E. P. . Weddell.Scottdale. . Representative Charles L. Marston.. .Mason City . Representative SOUTH DAKOTA. KANSAS. Michals .Gettysburg. Representative . E. F. Representative - Richardson.Onaga . SOUTH CAROLINA. KENTUCKY. Olin Sawyer .Georgetown . Representative A. D. James.Bowling Green . Representative J. H. Saye.Yorkville. Representative C. T. . Wyche.Prosperity . Representative DELAWARE. TENNESSEE. Thomas O. Cooper.... Wilmington . Representative Z. D. . Senator John W. Messick.3ebrgetown . Representative Massey.Sevierville TEXAS. CONNECTICUT. J. A. Todd.Parker. Representative Junius R. F. Smith.Brookfleld. Representative W.' Chapman.Geneva. . Representative . .No F. I. Nettleton.Shelton Ralston address. . Representative . Representative Wadhams.Goshen . Noah Representative . George K. Knight.Lakeville. Representative WASHINGTON. William L. ..South Higgins. Coventry.. Representative J. I. Pogue.Alma. Senator C. H. . Pendleton.Hebron. Representative C. G. Brown.Spokane . Senator II. C. Fulton.Asotin . Representative MINNESOTA. J. W. Cloes.Tacoma. Representative

. H. H. Witherstine. .Rochester . Senator WISCONSIN. John H. .• Dorsey.Glencoe. . . Representative J. H. Noble.Eau Claire . Senator . . Thomas A. Miller.La Crosse. Representative MISSISSIPPI. Wesley Irvine .Manawa. . Representative

. Carroll Kendrick.Kendrick . Senator WHY IS IT AS IT IS? MISSOURI. But why, the question of "pay" or "indemnity" aside, Frank DeVilbiss.Spring Garden . Senator so to And Frank P. Young.Kirksville. Representative do many French physicians go Congress? P. Forth.Jefferson few American seek entrance to Joseph City.. Representative why do so physicians I. Phillips.Buffalo . Representative Numa R. Holcomb. .Oak Grove. Representative our great national legislative assembly? No man may Walter FJ. Gibson.DeSota.. . . Representative answer these with any to accuracy. E. M. . questions pretention Rosebprry.Neosho. . Representative Thomas B. Cook.Rayville. Representative There is so much in the antecedents, traditions, laws, S. J. Wade.Benton. . Representative R. H. Hanson.Hartville. the if . Representative customs, temperaments—in blood, you please— Golburn H. Wilson.. ..St. Louis. . Representative of the two peoples, so much of a determining character NORTH DAKOTA. that it is impossible in this connection, even to survey the whole J. D. Taylor.Grand Forks . Senator question. J. W. Sifton.Jamestown. Senator But there are a few obvious facts that may throw a . little side on the situation and that be men- NEBRASKA. light may tioned without offence to either party. The facts relate Frederich Wilcox .Hubbell. Senator that W. G. Fletcher.Orchard. Representative chiefly to ideals, and let it be remembered ideals F. A. Marsh.Seward. . Representative determine the destinies not alone of persons but of peo- But When NEW HAMPSHIRE. ples. to illustrate: the Frenchman exclaims "Ma Patrie!" he throws more pa- George H. Saltmarsh.. Lakeport . Senator probably passionate triotism into the expression than does the American NEW YORK. who sings of "My Country." Of course, I am not now Frank M. Boyce.East Schodack . Senator of times of national crises, when the Fred A. Dudley.King Ferry . Senator speaking great Orlando W. Burhyte. Brookfleld. . Representative depths of patriotism are stirred by the possibilities of Loveil . W. Draper.Wilson. Representative Samuel A. Gliick.Brooklyn. Representative impending calamity. But the meaning of this differ-

Downloaded From: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/ by a University of California - San Diego User on 06/12/2015 ence is that, under ordinary every-day circumstances, live plainly, as things go nowadays. At least he won't pile up the demands of his country are more imperative to the a surplus of wealth. Why should he want to? We used to be in a a Frenchman than are the demands of America to Ameri- told homely adage that millionaire had no advantage over a man in his for food and cans. poor capacity drink. Wealth provides small satisfactions, but not deep ones. It can give no in the as Then, too, France every man, physician felicity like that which comforts the man who has identified well as his neighbor, dreams of the day when he shall himself with something bigger than himself, which thrills the become a rentier or a retired man. And he not only heart of the patriot, of the public servant. dreams of it, but he labors for it, economizes and saves to hasten its coming. His ambition for wealth is not great, but his longing for independence and emancipa- THE EXTERNAL PREPARATIONS OF THE tion—emancipation from the cark and care of pills, UNITED STATES potions and patients—is irresistible. The time arrived, PHARMACOPEIA, VIII. he, or many of him at least, takes not to idleness and C. S. N. HALLBERG, Ph.G., M.D. dissipation but to the realization of something bigger, CHICAGO. and broader is within him. In better that sympathetic Since presenting this subject to the Section on Phar- touch with society, having felt its pulse literally as well macology and Therapeutics four years ago,1 the revised as he knows of its wants figuratively, hopes, aspirations, Pharmacopeia has appeared, and it affords me much and woes as no other man knows them. So quite natur- pleasure to observe that the formulas for the external ally he takes to live functions, and from being a doctor preparations therein have been revised in conformity he becomes something more than a doctor. Having with the principles advanced in that paper. rational on a basis of achieved independence modesty As observed at that time, the formulas for prepara- seeks to a man to and contentment, he be among men, tions for external use had been made up entirely from live not by moping days, but by pulse beats and heart pharmaceutical that such substances will considerations; is, throbs and to do those things that make him spoken were selected for vehicles as would afford the most stable, of by his children and his children's children. So there the smoothest and otherwise pharmaceutically the most are ninety-two of him in the present French Congress. satisfactory ointments. The revision of the U. S. P. Now, let us turn to our own beloved country and to afforded an opportunity to bring these preparations into our still more beloved profession—the best country and accord with the generally accepted ideas of modern der- the best profession on the footstool. And let us counsel matologic practice, and it is firmly believed that the new frankly and honestly among ourselves. In the first Pharmacopeia in respect to the formulas for the various place, have our educational methods of the past been classes of these preparations is abreast of all other phar- conducive to the highest ideals, professional and civic? macopeias. With us has a profession been accepted as a means or OINTMENTS. an end? how of us look our Frankly, many beyond The following tentative classification was at that time round to a and broader How daily larger activity? presented for the ointments as the most of us have considered the being important many seriously duty devolving class and as having the greatest number of preparations: on us to the we have in the carry intelligence acquired 1. or innermost recesses of hovel and of Epidermatic.—Non-penetrative, non-absorptive. mansion, cottage Protective, Vehicle: Soft vaselin and palace, and to exercise that intelligence in the halls antiseptic. paraffin, the who have or petrolatum, U. S. of legislation for the benefit of people 2. how are cul- Endermatic.—Semi-penetrative or semi-absorptive. trusted us? And many physicians there, etc. Vehicle: Animal able men, with homes in our beautiful cities Emollient, nutritive, astringent, tivated, or oils and waxes. oils of al- in our verdure-clad for their vegetable fats, Lard, suet, or farms villages, ample mond, etc. old age. who could these duties with signal olive, discharge 3. Diadermatic.—Penetrative or Will do it? Shall we not see them in absorptive. Sys- ability? they temic or in state and in our constitutional. Vehicle: Lanolin or hydrated greater numbers our legislatures wool-fat. national ? None can do it better! And may Congress From the table it will this not take a lesson from France ? following be observed that we scheme has been closely adhered to in the selection of the THE QUESTION OF REWARDS AGAIN. vehicles for the official ointments, except that in many the And there is something worthy of the striving in of endermatic group the vehicle is a mixture of life. the Honorable William H. lanolin and petrolatum. Such a mixture has1 about the public Only recently same as and Taft, the present distinguished Secretary of War, in an penetrating power the animal vegetable fats for the class of recruits to the and oils, but, unlike these, does not become rancid and is eloquent appeal higher not acted on chemical Thus the service of state and nation, said: by ordinary reagents. two mercuric oxids which are prepared with this vehicle there is a career in the pubiic service. One may Assuredly axe not reduced as when with animal and not for every man commendably ambitious to enter it prepared vege- prophesy table fats and but are in full he will end an ambassador, but there is abundant op- oils, preserved strength that and portunity for useful work. A good head and good health are without becoming rancid. necessary, with the disposition to work hard. There are op- The yellow mercuric oxid ointment, reduced to 2 per portunities on every hand for men to distinguish themselves cent., much used by ophthalmologists, by the official by service of eminent value. As to rewards. I do not talk process may be so thoroughly levigated as to present of rewards. For the class of men to whom I would have the almost as fine a state of division as when made by the idea of public service appeal, the matter of rewards would be original Pagenstecher method; that is, from the freshly irrelevant. I say to you that there are rewards which are unknown to him who seeks only what he regards as the sub- Read in the Section on Pharmacology and Therapeutics of the at stantial ones. The best of all is the pure joy of service. To do American Medical Association, the Fifty-seventh Annual Session, June, 1906. are to be in the thick of ah! That things that worth doing, it, 1. The External Preparations and Their Therapy, The Journal is to live. The poor man who chooses this way will have to A. M. A., April 11, 1903.

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