Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

NATO Improved Link Eleven (NILE) Link 22 Introduction and Project Update

IDLS 2017

LT Alex Koschig – DEU Rep NILE PMO

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited,

SR-2017-300 (12 Sep 2017), SR-2017-326 (17 Oct 2017). Slide 1 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Agenda 1. NILE Project Background 2. Recent Accomplishments 3. Link 22: System Overview 4. Replacing Link 11 a. removing limitations of Link 11 5. Complementing Link 16 a. benefits provided in a multi-link environment 6. LLC 7M Description 7. Link 22 Status Update 8. Joining L22 Community / Acquiring Link 22 Devices

Slide 2 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

NILE Project Background 1. The need to define a new tactical data link to improve the performance of link 11 was originated from a NATO Staff Requirement Reference D/02 Rev 1 2. NATO defined a new tactical message standard in STANAG 5522 3. Seven nations collaboratively designed and developed a System Network Controller to manage the mentioned NATO tactical message standard, under a specific Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU):

CAN FRA DEU ITA ESP UK USA

Slide 3 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

NILE Project Background 4. MOU main focus a. Develop and sustain Link 22 5. NILE Nations currently conducting In Service Support under MOU Amd 4 (Jan 14 – Jan 20) a. MOU Amd 5 discussion in progress 6. United States of America is the host nation 7. NILE Nation representatives form the NILE Steering Committee that governs the direction and future growth and distribution of Link 22

Slide 4 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017 NILE PMO Organization Chart

Project Manager Mr. Chuck Schwartz

Project Support ESP Rep & DPM Mr. Chris Bengs CDR Juan Jose Nieto Dr. Kevin Buck Ms. Annie Hashas

CAN Rep DEU Rep FRA Rep ITA Rep UK Rep LCDR Omar Masood LT Alexander Koschig LCDR Gautier Lanciaux CDR Filippo Gandini Mr. Stephen Nye

Slide 5 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Accomplishments 1. LLC 7M v 1.1 development completed Oct 2017 a. NSA delta certification completed 27 Sep 2017 b. SECAN certification to follow 2. LLC 7M Production Contract with Raytheon a. Training materials finalized in Aug 2017 b. Preparing for delivery of 200 units (initial deliveries in Dec 2017) c. Utilized SDAF to reduce pricing and begin early production of units 3. FIN, AUS, NLD, CAN & DEU have active FMS cases a. 5 more nations are progressing towards FMS cases 4. BCR 8 completed Aug 2017 a. Includes ER & HC HF FF Waveforms 5. MLST3 / SNC 10.X compatibility a. Link 22 updates complete and included in MLST3 v19.04 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: SR-2017-326 (17 Oct 2017) Slide 6 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview 1. Link 22 provides Beyond Line of Sight tactical interoperability between air, surface, subsurface, and ground-based tactical data systems. 2. Link 22 is a joint capability and can be used by landlocked countries as well as maritime countries 3. Link 22 was specifically designed to address the shortcomings of Link 11 4. Link 22 complements Link 16 and will replace Link 11

Slide 7 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

System Overview

LINK 22 NILE Communication Equipment (NCE) SPC Radio

LLC SPC Radio TDS/DLP SNC 7M SPC Radio

SPC Radio

TOD National Joint US National Responsibility Development Development Responsibility

TDS: Tactical Data System DLP: Data Link Processor SNC: System Network Controller LLC: Link Level COMSEC SPC: Signal Processing Controller TOD: Time Of Day Slide 8 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

System Overview

LINK 22 National DLP Vendors NILE Communication Equipment (NCE) CAN IBM Canada

DEU Atlas Elektronik

ESP Tecnobit TDS/DLP FRA Thales DCNS

ITA Leonardo

UK IBM UK–BAES

US Northrop Grumman

The TDS/DLP is a national responsibility. The DLP can also have interfaces with Link 16 (and other TDL) and forward messages between the two networks.

Slide 9 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

System Overview

LINK 22 Interface Documents NILE Communication Equipment (NCE) DLP-SNC IDD

LLC IRS (both sides of LLC)

SNC SPC Segment Specification

The NILE Block Cycle Release (BCR) consists of the System Network Controller (SNC), all associated documentation and the NILE Reference System test tool. These components are scheduled for update every two years. These components are the subject of the NILE MOU. Slide 10 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

System Overview

LINK 22 LLC 7M NILE Communication Equipment (NCE) Signed production contract with an order for the first 200 units in LLC progress 7M

The LLC 7M COMSEC device is developed by the United States and is available to foreign nations via an approved FMS case

Slide 11 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

System Overview SPC Vendors

DRS Telefunken RACOMS LINK 22 Radio Vendors NILE Communication Equipment (NCE) HF FF SPC Radio Harris, Thales, R&S, Hagenuk, Rockwell C, SPC Radio Leonardo

HF EPM SPC Radio -Not Implemented

UHF FF SPC Radio Leonardo, Harris, Thales, R&S, Rockwell C TOD UHF EPM Thales, R&S

The Signal Processing Controller (Modem) and Radio can be purchased from a qualified vendor. Telefunken and DRS are the only two known SPC vendors. Link 11 radios can be re-used. There are several radio manufacturers to choose from. Slide 12

NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11

Slide 13 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 Roll Call Transmission allocation. Uses TDMA which provides deterministic access to the network.

Slide 14 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 Roll Call Transmission allocation. Uses TDMA which provides deterministic The loss of the Net Control Station will cause access to the network. the network to collapse Does not use a Net Control Station. Designed with no single point of failure

Slide 15 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 Roll Call Transmission allocation. Uses TDMA which provides deterministic The loss of the Net Control Station will cause access to the network. the network to collapse. Does not use a Net Control Station. Designed with no single point of failure.

Slide 16 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 Roll Call Transmission allocation. Uses TDMA which provides deterministic The loss of the Net Control Station will cause access to the network. the network to collapse. Does not use a Net Control Station. Designed with no single point of failure.

Standby Super Network SNMU SNMU (Only One)

NILE Networks Standby NMU Standby (One for Each Network) NMUNMU StandbyStandbyNMU NMU NMUNMU NMU

Network Members NetworkNetwork Members Members NetworkNo Members Role NoNo Role Role No Role

Slide 17 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 Roll Call Transmission allocation. Uses TDMA which provides deterministic Increased net cycle times due to increasing access to the network. number of Participating Units and tracks. Creating different Networks to be combined in Large Access Delay a Super Network, keeps a low Access Delay

Slide 18 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 Limited number of participants (62) More units can join the SuperNetwork - Up to 8 Networks (any Media types) - A single NU can be part of 4 Networks - Up to 125 Units

Slide 19 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 No way to transmit urgent information Prioritization of messages ensures High Priority messages taking precedence over Lower Priority messages. Priority Injection timeslots in the TDMA structure can be used to minimize the delay in the transmission of urgent information.

Slide 20 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 All units have to be in RF connectivity with the The use of routing & relay protocols greatly Net Control Station (again limits the area of increases the playing area, even when using Operation) line-of-sight UHF

Slide 21 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Slide 22 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 Outdated cyber security posture Improved cyber security posture with additional features such as time based encryption

Reproduced with permission from Raytheon Company

Slide 23 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 A single HF or UHF fixed frequency network is A single HF or UHF fixed frequency network subject to jamming can still be jammed, however, Link 22 displays improved resistance to jamming through the use of multiple networks and the option to use frequency hopping media

Slide 24 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 M-Series messages difficult to translate Link 22 is part of the J-Series family of making data forwarding between links messages, uses the same data dictionary as complex Link 16 and so makes translation and forwarding relatively easy compared to Link 11

The goal of the message standard for Link 22 was to use as much of the Link 16 message standard, as possible

Slide 25 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Slide 26 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 The accuracy of Link 11’s M-Series messages is Data items are designed with improved ranges inadequate for modern targeting and granularity

The J-family allows the reporting of significantly more tactical information than M-Series messages.

Some of the field sizes have been increased to allow an improved degree of precision.

Slide 27 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 Available waveforms limit communications A variety of more robust waveforms. In bad under bad RF conditions (as occur in polar conditions strong coding can be used to regions) maintain communication at the expense of throughput

Slide 28 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Replacing Link 11 Link 11 Link 22 Limited Bandwidth (1,800 bps for fast and Range of bandwidths available depending on 1,090 bps for slow) coding and media for example fixed frequency: HF 1,493 - 9,600 bps UHF 12,666 bps

Slide 29 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Overview: Complementing Link 16

Slide 30 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 complements Link 16 1. Link 22 is designed to replace Link 11 and to complement Link 16, by providing: a. Beyond Line of Sight (BLOS) capability (greater than 1000 NM) b. Multiple Networks to be combined into a wider Super Network c. Automatic Relay d. Data forwarding between Link 16 and Link 22

2. The combination of these capabilities provides a long range extended COP (self sustained) a. No satellites required

b. No airborne relay platforms (e.g. AWACS) required Slide 31

NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 complements Link 16 Data Forwarding L16-L22 J-series of messages (L16) J-Family of messages F-series of messages (L22)

J-Family F-series 1. Unique F-Series tact msg F & FJ

J-series 2. FJ tact messages

Slide 32

NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

L22

DLP DLP L16 L16

“FJ” tactical messages: encapsulation of a Link 16 (J- FJ3.6 L22 Series) message inside a F-Series message DLP DLP FJ3.6 Space Track 01 L16 L16 J3.6 Slide 33 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

L22

DLP DLP L16 L16 01 J3.6 J3.6 TM (L16) has been forwarded without any satellite or airborne platform relay

“FJ” tactical messages: encapsulation of a Link 16 (J- FJ3.6 L22 Series) message inside a F-Series message DLP DLP FJ3.6 Space Track 01 J3.6 L16 L16 J3.6 Slide 34 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

LLC 7M Description

Slide 35 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

LLC 7M Description

LINK 22 NILE Communication Equipment (NCE)

LLC 7M

The LLC 7M COMSEC device is developed by the United States and is available to foreign nations via an approved FMS case

Slide 36 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

LLC 7M Description 1. LINK-22 Modernized Link Level COMSEC 2. Field-upgradable Suite B COMSEC for Link 22 3. Single encryption/decryption channel a. Up to four (4) independent serial ports b. Certified by NSA up to SECRET c. SECAN Certification received in Feb 2017

Slide 37 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

LLC 7M Description 4. Advanced Key Management Processor (KMP) a. Supports current key distribution as well as the Electronic Key Management System (EKMS) b. Fill interface compatibility tested with AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer Device (DTD), Simple Key Loader (SKL), DTD 2000 System (KIK-20) or CSDS (SIK- 20)

Slide 38 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

LLC 7M Description 5. Upgradeable Software and Firmware a. Remote upgrade via NSA-approved authenticated packages 6. Small form factor – ½ Long Air Transport Rack (ATR) 7. Extensive Built-In Test a. Alarm checks, internal interface testing, self-tests 8. Designed to operate in either airborne or ship/shore environments a. Predicted MTBF (airborne) = 16,000 – 41,000 hours b. Predicted MTBF (ship/shore) = 85,000 – 183,000 hours

Slide 39 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

LLC 7M Architecture

SNC: System Network Controller SPC: Signal Processing Controller Slide 40 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

LLC 7M Maintenance 1. 1 year warranty included, extended warranties available 2. FFP (Firm Fixed Prices) agreed for extended warranties, simple & complex repairs and spares 3. Units requiring repairs will be conducted at production contractor facility

Slide 41 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Guidebook • Chapter 2 - Link 22 Operations 1. Chapter 1 - Link 22 Overview – Section A – Overview a. Section A – Introduction – Section B – Planning

– Section C – Link 22 Operations b. Section B – Features

c. Section C – Benefits – Section D – Tactical Messages d. Section D – Acquisition – Section E – Link 22 in a Multilink Environment

Link 22

Guidebook • Chapter 3 - Link 22 Technical – Section A – Architecture • Appendices – Appendix A – Integration and – Section B – External Protocols Test Tools – Section C – Internal Protocols – Appendix B – Troubleshooting – Appendix C – Minimum DLP-SNC Three Versions: Interface Implementation • Overview – Appendix D – Initialization Parameter – Chapter 1 Generation – Appendix A; E-G • Overview and Operations – Appendix E – Acronyms and – Chapter 1 and 2 Abbreviations – Appendix A-B; E-G and Index – Appendix F – Glossary • Complete Version – Appendix G – References Slide 42 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Link 22 Status Update

Slide 43 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Slide 44 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Joining L22 Community/Acquiring Link 22 Devices

Slide 45 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Acquiring Link 22

LINK 22 NILE Communication Equipment (NCE)

LLC SNC 7M

Slide 46 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Joining L22 Community / Acquiring L22 Devices (SNC & LLC 7M) 1. NILE Communications and Interoperability Working Group (C&IWG) members a. Can attend technical meetings (twice per year); main topics: i. 3rd Party Sales (3PS)/FMS ii. LLC 7M Maintenance iii. Training iv. SNC Enhancements v. Demos vi. Testing, Fielding & Implementation vii. STANAG update viii. How to establish an FMS Case for acquiring SNC and LLC 7M 2. NILE 3PS members a. Established FMS Case grants access to additional Link 22 Program information

Slide 47 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Joining L22 Community / Acquiring L22 Devices (SNC & LLC 7M) 1. NILE Nations a. CAN, DEU, ESP, FRA, ITA, UK, USA 2. C&IWG members a. AUS, BEL, CHL, DNK, FIN, GRC, JPN, MEX (pending), NLD, NOR, NZL, POL, PRT, ROK, SAU, SWE, TUR, TWN (pending), UAE b. NAGSMA, NATO BMD PO&S, NCIA 3. 3PS a. CAN sponsors CHL (pending), POL (pending) b. DEU sponsors ROK, SWE, TUR, BEL (pending), NAGSMA (pending), UAE (pending) c. ESP sponsors MEX (pending) d. ITA sponsors FIN e. UK sponsors AUS f. USA sponsors NLD

Slide 48 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Joining L22 Community / Acquiring L22 Devices (SNC & LLC 7M) 1. How can a nation become a NILE C&IWG member ? a. Send a letter of request to the NILE PMO b. Does not require any payment

2. How can a nation become a NILE 3PS member ? a. Through a sponsoring NILE Nation

Slide 49 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017 LINK 22 Participants

= NILE Nations

= 3PS Nations NILE Nations: CAN, DEU, ESP, FRA, ITA, UK, USA = L22 C&IWG Nations/ 3PS Nations: AUS, FIN, NLD, ROK, SWE, TUR Orgs LINK 22 C&IWG Nations/Organizations: BEL, CHL, DNK, GRC, JPN, = Interested L22 Nations NAGSMA, NATO BMD PO&S, NCIA, NOR, NZL, POL ,PRT, SAU, UAE Interested LINK 22 Nations: MEX, Slide 50 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

For further information contact: Project Manager NILE PMO Mr. Charles Schwartz [email protected]

Point of Contact for 3rd Party Sales LT Alex Koschig or LCDR Omar Masood [email protected] [email protected]

Point of Contact for NILE Administration Mr. Christopher Bengs, NILE Secretary NILE PMO [email protected] PEO C4I PMW 150 4301 Pacific Highway San Diego, CA 92110-3127

United States of America Slide 51 NILE PMO IDLS 2017 Link 22 Intro and Update Abu Dhabi, UAE 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2017

Slide 52