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Devil's Graveyard Formation (New) Eocene and Oligocene Age Trans-Pecos Texas

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Devil's Graveyard Formation (New) Eocene and Oligocene Age Trans-Pecos Texas Devil’s Graveyard Formation (New) Eocene and Oligocene Age Trans-Pecos Texas James B. Stevens Margaret S. Stevens John A. Wilson Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 32 The University of Texas at Austin © 1984 by Texas Memorial Museum The University of Texas at Austin All rights reserved Published September 24,1984 Printed in the United States of America ISSN 0082-3074-32 A portion of the museum’s general operating funds for this fiscal year has been provided through a grant from the Institute of Museum Services, a federal agency that offers general operating support to the nation’s museums. The Bulletin is an irregularly published series of technical monographs deriving primarily from research done on Texas Memorial Museum collections and projects. Texas Memorial Museum • The University of Texas at Austin • 2400 Trinity • Austin, TX 78705 CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Abbreviations 2 Acknowledgments 3 lithostratigraphy, Buck Hill Group 3 Devil’s Graveyard Formation (new) 4 Lower and middle members 4 Bandera Mesa Member (new) 5 Marker beds, lower member 5 Basal Tertiary conglomerate 5 Variegated beds 6 Lunch Locality sandstone 6 Strawberry tuff 6 Marker beds, middle member 7 Titanothere channels and Purple Bench tuff 7 Repeats 7 Marker beds, Bandera Mesa member (new) 7 Skyline channels 7 Cotter channels 19 Upper breccia-conglomerate 19 Upper part of Bandera Mesa Member (new) 19 Summary 20 References 20 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Index map of Texas and Presidio and Brewster Counties 8 2. Sketch map ofTrans-Pecos Texas with volcanic centers 9 3. Geologic map 10 4. Diagrammatic cross section, Devil’s Graveyard Formation(new) 12 5. Diagrammatic stratigraphic section 13 6. Measured section, lower member, lower boundary stratotype 14 7. Measured section, lower and middle members 15 8. Measured section, southern part Bandera Mesa Member (new), North Fork Alamo de Cesario Creek 16 9. Measured section, middle and Bandera Mesa Members (new), South Fork Alamo de Cesario Creek 17 10. Measured section, Bandera Mesa Member (new), upper boundary stratotype.... 18 DEVIL'S GRAVEYARD FORMATION (NEW) EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE AGE TRANS-PECOS TEXAS James B. Stevens 1 Margaret S. Stevens2 John A. Wilson 3 ABSTRACT Texas west of Texas highway 118, in west-central Brewster and adjacent Presidio counties (fig. 1). The The Devil’s Graveyard Formation (new, Eocene and area includes contiguous parts of the Agua Fria, Oligocene) is described as that part of the Buck Hill Tascotal Mesa, Jordan Gap, and Buck Hill fifteen- Group above the Cretaceous and beneath the Mitchell minute topographic quadrangle maps (fig. 2) where Mesa Rhyolite or the Yellow conglomerate of Moon sediments of the Pruett and Duff formations, Buck (1953). It replaces the terminology used by Moon Hill Volcanic Group (Goldich and Elms, 1949) are (1953) for the lower part of the Buck Hill Group, exposed. The area lies south and west of outcrops of “Buck Hill Group undifferentiated,” as well as “Pruett- the Cottonwood Spring Basalt, the unit that defines Duff” (Erickson, 1953, and Stevens, 1978) and the top of the Pruett and base of the Duff formations “Pruett and Duff undivided” (Barnes, 1979, and (Goldich and Elms, 1949), and embraces an undiffer- Henry and Duex, 1981). The names “Pruett” and entiated stratigraphic section either placed within the “Duff” apply to the northern area in the southern Buck Hill Volcanic Group by Moon (1953), regarded part of the Davis Mountains where their type sections as Pruett-Duff by Erickson (1953) and Stevens are located. The lithology of the Devil’s Graveyard (1978), or called “Pruett and Duff undivided” by Formation is predominately clastic and sufficiently Barnes (1979) and Henry and Duex (1981). different from that of both the Pruett and Duff The study area receives about 12-14 in. (30.5-35.6 formations to warrant its new name. The Buck Hill cm) of precipitation annually, hence is sparsely vege- Group in the Agua Fria-Green Valley area consists tated. Although Pleistocene stream and sediment of the Devil’s Graveyard Formation, the Mitchell deposits mantle the older rocks in certain areas, much Mesa Rhyolite, the Tascotal Mesa Formation, and the of the Eocene and early Oligocene deposits are well Rawls Basalt. The Devil’s Graveyard Formation is exposed. Among the present investigators, Wilson and divided into lower and middle unnamed members and M. Stevens have found abundant vertebrate fossils as an upper Bandera Mesa Member, each separated by well as nonmarine invertebrates in these deposits. concentrations of channel conglomerates. Locally Furthermore, the writers have all found these sedi- useful marker beds that are associated with vertebrate mentary rocks to contain an extensive radiometrically fossil localities are described. The areas of exposure and biostratigraphically datable record of initiation are in west-central Brewster and east-central Presidio and progressive development of volcanic and post- counties, Texas. Laramide tectonic activity for the Trans-Pecos area. In view of this and because the lithology in the Devil’s Graveyard area is distinctive we have decided to name and describe a new herein as the INTRODUCTION unit, designated Devil’s Graveyard Formation, to clarify stratigraphic A thick body of Eocene and early Oligocene volcani- and biostratigraphic relationships of these rocks and clastic fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary rock is to help clarify the regional geology and facilitate exposed in the Big Bend country of Trans-Pecos correlations. 'Assistant Professor of Geology,Department of Geology, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas. 2 Instructor of Geology, Lamar University of Orange County, Orange, Texas, and Lamar University, Port Arthur, Texas, and Research Associate, Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin. 3 Professor Emeritus, Department of Geological Sciences, and Research Associate, Texas Memorial Museum, The Uni- versity of Texas at Austin. 2 Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin No. 32 The best exposure of the Eocene rocks of the members but left the intercalated sediments Devil’s Graveyard Formation occurs along Alamo de unnamed. The techniques of defining a lithologic unit Cesario Creek (fig. 3), a major tributary of Terlingua only on the basis of bracketing flows or by naming Creek, in an area called the Devil’s Graveyard (Moon, only flows within the section make it difficult to 1953:pi. 1). The Devil’s Graveyard, approximately direct attention to the sedimentary units without a 6 by 3 mi (9.7 by 4.8 km) or about 18 square mi (29 long descriptive phase, or to correlate these units square km), lies within a graben and is bounded on accurately when the flows are absent. line of the northwest by a highly irregular pediment- We therefore believe that the vertebrate fossils and and steep slopes to ft (35 to capped cliffs 115 295 the radiometric dates now known for volcaniclastic m) high. 90 sediments of the Buck Hill Group clarify the strati- Eocene and Oligocene rocks closely related to graphy of the extensive sediments below the Mitchell those exposed in the Devil’s Graveyard occur discon- Mesa Rhyolite in the areas of the Jordan Gap, Buck tinuously in an area over 43.5 mi (70 km) long along Hill, Tascotal Mesa, and Agua Fria quadrangles where the Presidio-Brewster county line from Mitchell Mesa the Cottonwood Spring Basalt is absent. on the north to the Rio Grande on the south, and In the absence of useful igneous marker beds almost 18.6 mi (30 km) wide measured from Buck beneath the Mitchell Mesa Rhyolite to the south of Hill on the east to the face of Bandera Mesa on the the present distribution of the Cottonwood Spring west. Areas of notable exposure of sediments directly Basalt (fig. 4), it is necessary to establish the relative the Eocene rocks and of related to making up most positions of geographically separated fossil sites on the the Tertiary deposits in Devil’s Graveyard include the basis of sedimentary stratigraphy. A new forma- the approximately (3-5 km) south- area 1.8-3.1 mi tion with two unnamed lower members and a named Graveyard and base of southeast of the at near the upper member is here formally proposed. Additional the and sides of Fria northern western Agua Moun- informal units below the rank of member but useful tain local (fig. 3), an important landmark. The follow- in local correlation are described. ing areas are defined according to direction and dis- tance away from the Devil’s Graveyard. Early Oli- Tracing of the sedimentary units and measuring of gocene sediments are best exposed along Needle and stratigraphic sections was done mainly by James B. Dogie creeks, 10.8 mi (17.5 km) northwest, as well as Stevens and Margaret S. Stevens. Petrography and sedi- along drainages cutting the eastern face of Bandera mentologic interpretation were the responsibility of Mesa, particularly near Puerto Potrillo, 21 mi (34 km) J.B. Stevens except where otherwise noted. The fos- northwest. Oligocene rocks are also exposed around sils were discovered and collected primarily by R.H. adjacent outlying buttes such as Red Hill, Church Rainey, M. S. Stevens, and J. A. Wilson, and identified Mountain, and McKinney Mountain (fig. 3). by Wilson unless otherwise noted. A brief lithologic description of each marker bed is given for purposes The volcanic rocks of Trans-Pecos Texas have of field identification. Attempts were made to relate received considerable study during the last 25 years, each major collecting locality to marker beds (fig. 5). and their distribution and composition have been the However, the vertical and horizontal extensions of subject of numerous theses, dissertations, and publi- the volume of rock partly occupied by the vertebrate cations. The volcanic centers (fig. 2) are now known faunas do not necessarily coincide with and are not to (Gorski, 1970; Parker, 1976; Cepeda, 1977, 1979).
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