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Home , Chinati Mountains, Chisos Mountains, Solitario

Part 9

Fig. 108. Needle Peak diatreme and viewed from the west.

Fig. 109. Crustal xenoliths in Needle Peak diatreme. Needle Peak diatreme

368 Eastern termination of W-E dike, choked with crustal xenoliths. Long & Lat Quadrangle 104 47, 30 42.5 Ninetysix Ranch Related to Rim Rock dikes? !Reference: Dasch et al., 1969 ! dikes and associated with Basin-and-Range faulting Sample SM84051 Alkali basalt plug. According to C.D. Henry (personal communication, 2003), this is part of the ~24 Ma Basin & Range-related intrusions, not related to Sawmill Mountain. - SiO2 TiO2 AL2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 45.10 2.14 14.50 2.92 7.00 9.63 0.16 10.10 9.85 3.63 0.97 0.16 1.50 0.30 0.10 98.88 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 30 810 20 180 60 Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# Nb/Zr Y/Nb -5.11 46.50 4.74 0.49 51.2 0.33 0.33 !Ross and Lambert, 1986 Mafic dike north of Terlingua This contains spinel lherzolite and crustal xenoliths, and olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, magnetite and ilmenite. Long & Lat Quadrangle Age, Ma: 24.1 ±0.6 (K-Ar, plagioclase) 103°35.7’, 29°22.2’ Terlingua Sample 8204 Hawaiite. - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 46.37 2.20 15.92 1.07 8.90 9.86 0.16 9.35 9.92 4.19 1.35 0.58 100 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er 228 25 775 28 209 65 0.43 2613 62.4 119 49.5 8.71 2.72 1.47 Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U 2.19 0.34 5.62 2.09 5.82 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# Ce Ce/Yb Ta/Yb Th/Yb -4.28 46.37 5.54 0.53 49 197.3 14.7 0.95 2.66 Nb/Zr Zr/Hf Nb/Ta Y/Nb La/Y 206Pb/204Pb 207Pb/204Pb 208Pb/204 Pb 0.31 37.2 31.1 0.43 2.23 18.471 15.527 38.034 Henry et al., 1986; Schucker and Nelson, 1988; James and Henry, 1993; !Henry, Price and Miser, 1989 Sample H-1 Hawaiite intrusion, same dike - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 46.00 2.20 13.70 2.10 8.60 10.49 0.17 8.90 9.80 3.30 1.90 0.855 1.70 99.22 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 28.92 84 34.8 773 177 0.58 634 46.24 82.3 39.8 Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U 3 7 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# Ce Ce/Yb Ta/Yb Th/Yb Zr/Hf -4.56 46.36 5.24 0.55 45.9 136.5 6.83 1.01 1.42 40.2 !Nelson and Schieffer, 1989

369 Dike on Forbidden Mountain Sample DM104 Hawaiite with lherzolite xenoliths. Long & Lat Quadrangle Age, Ma: 24 103°59.0’, 30°50.0’ Little Aguja Mtn - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 46.33 1.97 14.48 1.81 7.48 9.11 0.16 10.44 11.57 4.11 1.22 0.96 100.53 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb 27.82 67 97.1 37.8 1034 38.5 218 31.6 0.33 1790 52.3 100 37.1 7.64 2.48 1.27 Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U 2.44 0.31 4.18 3.23 4.8 1.5 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# Ce Ce/Yb Ta/Yb Th/Yb -6.24 46.33 5.33 0.59 53 165.8 12.0 1.44 2.14 Nb/Zr Zr/Hf Nb/Ta Y/Nb La/Y Y/Sc 206Pb/204Pb 207Pb/204Pb 208Pb/204 Pb 0.14 52.2 9.78 1.22 1.36 1.38 17.477 15.471 37.251 !James and Henry, 1993 Intrusion cutting Closed Canyon lavas Age, Ma: 20.0 ±0.4 (K/Ar, whole rock) Tephrite/basanite Long and Lat Quadrangle Sample H90-68 103 51.1, 29 25.2 Bandera Mesa S - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 46.10 2.63 15.95 11.28 0.19 7.04 9.63 4.41 1.59 1.20 97.56 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er 21 136 87 31 82 40 1199 27 168 75.1 1042 51 94 10.6 44.5 9.4 3.21 7.8 1 5.96 1.07 2.76 Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U 0.33 1.88 0.25 2.6 1.1 2.8 4.2 1 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# Ce Eu* Ce/Yb Ta/Yb Th/Yb -3.63 46.10 6.00 0.56 38.4 155.9 1.1 13.5 0.59 2.23 Nb/Zr Zr/Hf Nb/Ta Y/Nb La/Y Y/Sc 0.45 64.6 68.3 0.36 1.89 1.29 !Henry et al., 1998 in SE corner, Christmas Mountains quadrangle Nepheline-normative hawaiite Long & Lat Quadrangle Age, Ma: 28.1 ±0.6 (K-Ar, whole rock) 103°37.0’, 29°23.5’ Christmas Mtns Sample H86-35 !Henry, Price and Miser, 1989 !Miocene Black Gap lavas Up to 150 m thick, composed of many thin flow units, with plagioclase + titanaugite + skeletal olivine phenocrysts (the last commonly altered to iddingsite). Extruded after Basin & Range faulting had begun. Long & Lat Quadrangle Age, Ma: 21.84 ± 0.68 102°56.0’, 29°35.0’ Black Gap Sample 77040 Alkali basalt massive central part of the next-to-lowest flow unit exposed. - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total

370 48.88 2.14 14.91 6.63 4.09 10.06 0.13 6.69 7.90 3.37 1.41 0.61 1.77 0.53 0.24 99.50 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 107 96 28 750 24 110 612 Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# -2.97 50.41 4.93 0.48 40.6 !unpublished Sample 77041 Alkali basalt from 8 meters above 77040, in another flow unit. - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 49.03 1.76 14.76 7.92 3.33 10.46 0.09 6.77 8.50 3.56 0.92 0.51 1.27 0.76 0.05 99.20 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 113 100 580 22 120 14 411 Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# Nb/Zr Y/Nb -3.89 50.46 4.61 0.46 39.3 0.12 1.57 !unpublished Sample 77042 Alkali basalt from 15 meters above 77041, in another flow unit. - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 49.34 1.68 15.27 6.78 4.01 10.11 0.16 6.81 8.15 3.38 0.87 0.46 1.52 0.50 0.20 99.13 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er 20.15 165 110 13 520 23 97 20 0.18 371 18.99 38.15 27 4.52 1.53 0.78 Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U 1.56 0.23 2.92 1.6 2.92 1.18 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# Ce Ce/Yb Ta/Yb Th/Yb -3.9 49.34 4.25 0.43 40 63.3 6.62 1.03 1.87 Nb/Zr Zr/Hf Nb/Ta Y/Nb La/Y 206Pb/204Pb 207Pb/204Pb 208Pb/204 Pb Y/Sc 0.21 33.2 12.5 1.15 0.83 18.432 15.582 38.231 1.14 !James and Henry, 1991; James and Henry, 1993 ! ! Yellow Hill quadrangle, Hill 3308 Long & Lat Quadrangle Age, Ma: 20.2 ± 0.7 (K-Ar, whole rock) 103°39.1’, 29°23.9’ Yellow Hill Sample H85-41A !Henry, Price and Miser, 1989 Tib-1 Sample Tib-1 Tephrite/basanite intrusion cutting Rawls Formation. Contains phenocrysts of olivine and sector-zoned Ti- and Al-rich clinopyroxene. Long & Lat Quadrangle Age, Ma: 17.6 ± 0.3 (K-Ar, whole rock) 104°09.5’, 29°36.0’ Cerro Redondo - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 44.7 2.61 14.89 2.61 7.95 10.30 0.19 7.07 9.42 3.21 1.47 1.20 2.40 0.24 0.01 99.22 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm 19.8 140 66 33 1060 60 150 85 0.44 690 41.8 89.47 53 8.69 2.85 1.1 Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U 1.9 028 3.67 2.9 3.68 1.4 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# Ce Ce/Yb Ta/Yb Th/Yb -4.74 44.7 4.68 0.46 41 148.4 12.7 1.43 1.94 Nb/Zr Zr/Hf Nb/Ta Y/Nb La/Y Y/Sc 371 0.57 40.9 29.3 0.71 0.70 3.02 !Henry et al., 1986; Barker, 1987 Tib-2 Essentially a plagioclase-olivine rock. Sample Tib-2 Hawaiite 104 00.5, 29 19.0 Sauceda Ranch - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 47.48 2.27 15.78 3.67 6.55 9.85 0.16 6.50 7.76 3.72 2.12 0.87 1.70 0.30 0.15 99.03 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm 17 78 85 32 900 45 182 75 660 36 74 38 6.6 2.12 1 Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U 1.9 0.28 4.2 3.5 4.9 1.9 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# Ce Ce/Yb Ta/Yb Th/Yb -1.92 47.48 5.84 0.53 40 122.7 10.5 1.84 2.58 Nb/Zr Zr/Hf Nb/Ta Y/Nb La/Y Y/Sc 0.41 43.3 21.4 0.60 0.80 2.65 !James and Henry, 1991 !Rim Rock dikes Sample 84-52 Tephrite/basanite striking N21W Long & Lat Quadrangle Age, Ma: 21.1 ± 0.4 (K/Ar, feldspar) 104°44.5’, 30°33.0’ Soldier Spring - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 47.96 2.27 16.93 2.38 7.58 9.48 0.17 5.57 6.89 4.78 2.81 1.22 1.10 0.01 99.67 206 204 207 204 208 204 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A. I. Mg# Pb/ Pb Pb/ Pb Pb/ Pb 0.70 47.96 7.59 0.64 37.0 17.614 15.474 37.361 !Henry et al., 1986; Henry and Price, 1986; James and Henry, 1993 Sample 118/1 Hawaiite dike on 96 Ranch, striking N50W Age, Ma: 19.7 ± 0.5 (K/Ar, feldspar) - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 46.78 2.11 16.05 9.26 0.17 6.27 8.19 4.54 2.50 1.10 1.93 0.37 99.33 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 71 Hf Ta Pb Th U MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# -0.93 48.23 7.26 0.63 40.4 ! Irving and Frey, 1984; Henry and Price, 1986 Age, Ma: 17.9 ± 0.4 (K/Ar, amphibole) 104°43.5’, 30°35.7’ Vieja Pass Sample H82-76 Tephrite/basanite striking N6W - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 45.22 2.28 15.79 4.43 6.23 9.77 0.13 5.65 7.97 4.41 2.81 1.13 2.93 0.90 99.88 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er 16.16 101 97 31 1228 916 61.22 124.9 67 9.86 2.84 1.45 Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U 2.55 0.36 5.6 5.85 6.98 2.04 MALI @ SiO2 Na2O + K20 A. I. Mg# Ce Ce/Yb Ta/YbTh/Yb -0.75 45.22 7.22 0.65 36.6 207.1 13.41 2.29 2.74 !James and Henry, 1991 372 Sample H82-81 Phonotephrite striking N10W Age, Ma: 21.4 ± 0.4 (K-Ar, amphibole) - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 48.30 2.07 16.99 3.35 6.15 8.84 0.17 5.12 6.33 5.05 3.33 1.65 1.60 0.10 100.22 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A. I. Mg# 2.05 48.30 8.38 0.70 36.7 !Henry and Price, 1986 !Sample H82-83 Tephrite/basanite striking N21E - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 46.64 2.37 16.51 2.33 8.48 10.58 0.16 6.63 7.55 4.41 2.34 1.12 100 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy 19.81 199 105 40 1228 6.03 531 31 62 7.6 31.8 Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U 1.91 0.25 5.31 5.88 1.58 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A. I. Mg# -0.80 46.64 6.75 0.59 39.7 !Henry and Price, 1986 Sample H82-86 Phonotephrite striking N40W Age, Ma: 22.0 ± 0.5 (K/Ar, feldspar) - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 48.85 2.04 17.04 2.87 7.63 9.93 0.17 6.04 6.87 5.23 2.38 0.69 1.55 0.20 101.64 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A. I. Mg# 0.74 48.85 7.61 0.66 35.9 !Henry and Price, 1986 Sample H82-85 Phonotephrite striking N28W Age, Ma: 19.8 ± 0.4 (K/Ar, feldspar) - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 48.06 2.28 17.03 2.24 8.16 10.18 0.17 5.47 6.66 5.03 3.08 1.65 100 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm 14.73 124 114 36 1514 1.6 1551 73.81 157.9 82 11.45 3.21 1.39 Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U 2.33 0.36 4.7 3.64 5.18 1.43 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A. I. Mg# 1.45 48.06 8.11 0.68 35.9 !Henry and Price, 1986 Cox Mountain Sample CXMT-1 Alkali basalt, vesicular lava flow remnants capping a butte, over a limestone- clast conglomerate underlain by Lower limestone. Lava preserved is ~ 10 m thick (King, 1965). May be related to NNW-striking Rim Rock dikes. This is the youngest known lava in the Trans-Pecos region. Long & Lat Quadrangle 103 06.8, 31°17.7’ Sneed Mountain Age, Ma: 17.47 ± 0.11 (C. D. Henry, unpublished) - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 48.00 1.92 15.20 2.95 8.12 10.79 0.17 8.21 8.18 3.27 1.69 0.70 2.14 0.15 0.08 97.84

373 Sc V Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho 21.35 230 118 21 1180 21 150 0.36 700 41.08 87.52 47 7.63 2.21 1.05 Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U 2.32 0.35 4.54 1.4 2.81 1.2 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A.I. Mg# Ce Ce/Yb Ta/Yb Th/Yb La/Y Y/Sc -3.22 48.00 4.96 0.47 43 145.1 10.2 0.60 1.21 1.96 0.98 !King, 1965; Barker, 1980 Undated

Marathon Basin !King (1937) mapped many small intrusive bodies but did not describe them. Iron Mountain north of Marathon Rusty-weathering quartz syenite, . This analysis, the oldest in this compilation, is the only one available. Sample Iron Mtn Long & Lat Quadrangle 103 15), 30 14 Marathon - SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe203 FeO FeO* MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 H2O+ H2O CO2 LOI Total 65.47 0.29 17.93 2.15 0.43 2.15 trace 0.06 1.10 6.21 5.21 0.19 0.41 0.19 trace? 99.92 MALI @ SiO2 (Na2O+K2O) A. I. Mg# 10.32 65.47 11.42 0.90 2.7 !Clarke, 1904; King, 1937; Moon, 1953 Twin Peaks 103 04’, 30 03’ Peralkaline trachyte dike !King, 1937 East of Horse Mountain 103 05’. 30 02’ dike !King, 1937 Del Norte Mountain 103 33’, 29 30’ Peralkaline rhyolite stock !King, 1937 Contributions to Gulf Coast sediments After integration of Trans-Pecos drainage basins to form the through-flowing in the late Pliocene or early , hundreds of thousands of cubic kilometers of sediment derived from Trans-Pecos igneous rocks made their way to the continental shelf at the Gulf of Mexico !(Galloway, Whiteaker, and Ganey-Curry, 2011). ! GEOCHEMISTRY !Plot, Y/Sc versus SiO2 374 !Plot, Eu* versus SiO2 !Plot, Eu* versus Y/Sc Why do peralkaline phonolites and have smaller Y/Sc and less deep Eu* than !peralkaline ? !Plot, Zr/Nb versus SiO2. 208 204 206 204 !Plot, Pb /Pb versus Pb /Pb Plot, Pb207Pb204 versus Pb206/Pb204 !Influence of basement contamination? !Plot, Nd isotopes versus Sr isotopes !Et cetera !Tectonic implications Parallelism with plate boundary Compositional asymmetry Age progression from W to E, then back; slab rollback? Locus of magmatism not linked to plate movement. Basin and Range magmatism exclusively mafic, more widespread. Et cetera FINAL WORDS No one else can be blamed for errors or omissions in this idiosyncratic document. I hope that this compilation highlights the many gaps in our knowledge of magmatic activity in Trans- Pecos , and will encourage a new generation of researchers to fill them. The author fully agrees with novelist Cormac McCarthy’s assessment that the Trans-Pecos is No Country For Old !Men.

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