Informe. Tesis Doctoral: Sabela Hermida Mondelo

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Informe. Tesis Doctoral: Sabela Hermida Mondelo INFORME. TESIS DOCTORAL: SABELA HERMIDA MONDELO. TÍTULO DE LA TESIS: DESARROLLO ARTÍSTICO DE MARÍA CASARES DENTRO DEL MARCO EXISTENCIALISTA FRANCÉS DIRECTOR de la Tesis Doctoral: Dr. Carlos Roldán López La tesis doctoral de Dº Sabela Hermida constituye un muy importante punto de inflexión en la investigación de las relaciones entre las Artes escénicas y la Filosofía, campo muy abierto y fecundo en las prácticas teatrales en Europa y Latinoamérica. La tesis recoge una mirada filosófica al arte dramático del exilio Español en Francia, y una mirada escenológica a la importante corriente filosófica del existencialismo a través de las artes escénicas. Este doble recorrido es ya de por sí un importante método de análisis que debe proliferar en el campo de las relaciones entre Pensamiento y Arte Dramático. La metodología utilizada y la figura elegida, la artista María Casares, hija del Presidente Español de la República Casares Quiroga y punto de referencia para escritores españoles de la talla de Rafael Alberti, pero también de relevantes pensadores existencialistas franceses como Albert Camus, permiten concluir que las Artes Escénicas son un importante lenguaje de reflexión y promulgación de ideas filosóficas en el contexto de la Sociedad contemporánea caracterizada por el lenguaje y los códigos propios de la sociedad de la Imagen. En este sentido, el lenguaje audiovisual y escénico en la vehiculación del pensamiento filosófico se plasma en este trabajo con profundidad y rigurosidad, planteando un interesante campo de relaciones-tensiones para el presente y el futuro. La Tesis Doctoral que aquí se presenta cumple, a mi juicio, con todos los requisitos de fondo y forma para ser defendida como el procedimiento otorga. Dr. Carlos Roldán López, profesor titular del Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, del Lenguaje, las Artes y la Cultura. UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS DE MADRID Facultad de Ciencias del Turismo Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, el Lenguaje, la Cultura y las Artes DESARROLLO ARTÍSTICO DE MARÍA CASARES DENTRO DEL MARCO EXISTENCIALISTA FRANCÉS Tesis doctoral presentada por Sabela Hermida Mondelo Dirigida por el Prof. Dr. Carlos Roldán López Madrid, 2013 Ós meus pais, por seren o fundamento da miña maneira de existir. Ó meu compañeiro Antorrín Heredia, que está comigo en cada unha das miñas fatigas. Ás mulleres silenciadas e a todas aquelas que contribúen, anonimamente, a que o mundo sexa mellor. Agradecimientos Quiero dejar constancia de mi sincero agradecimiento a quienes, con muy diversa colaboración, han contribuido a facilitar la consecución de este trabajo: Xesús Alonso Montero, Inma López Silva, José Monleón, Miguel Anxo Fernán Vello, Lino Braxe, Manuel Aznar, Guillermo Escrigas, Úrsula Heinze, Nela Justo, Modesto Hermida, Lourdes Mondelo, Alexandre Hermida, Cristina Delgado, Isabel Blanco, Susana Carballo, Xesús Vaamonde, Jordán Soubrier. De modo muy especial, deseo explicitar mi agradecimiento al director de esta tesis, el Doctor Carlos Roldán López, por su paciencia y por sus aportaciones. “La pena inmensa de los años de pérdida, del desarraigo, y del peregrinar para nosotros españoles del exilio, y la inmensa alegría de comprobar una vez más, que el dolor y en tierras lejanas puede surgir una flor maravillosa y trágica, que aún en otra lengua se alimentó siempre con la savia de su pueblo. Esa eres tú, María; tu presencia en la escena española será como un fuerte viento purificador”. Rafael Alberti Contenido I. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................................................ 2 I.1. CONSIDERACIONES PREVIAS .................................................................................................................... 2 I.2. CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO, SOCIOPOLÍTICO Y CULTURAL .............................................................................. 9 II. METODOLOGÍA Y FUENTES DE INVESTIGACIÓN ..................................................................................... 17 III. MARÍA CASARES; VIDA Y OBRA ............................................................................................................. 20 III.1. BIOGRAFÍA ........................................................................................................................................... 20 III.2. TRAYECTORIA ARTÍSTICA ...................................................................................................................... 33 III.2.a) Teatro .......................................................................................................................................... 33 III.2.b) Cine .............................................................................................................................................. 84 III.2.c) Televisión y radio ........................................................................................................................ 102 III.2.d) Premios y reconocimientos ........................................................................................................ 106 III.2.e) Autobiografía: Residente Privilegiada ....................................................................................... 109 IV. EL EXISTENCIALISMO Y SUS TEMAS ..................................................................................................... 115 IV.1. ANTECEDENTES FILOSÓFICOS ............................................................................................................ 115 IV.2. EXISTENCIALISMO COMO FILOSOFÍA ................................................................................................. 140 IV.2.a) Definición del Existencialismo .................................................................................................... 140 IV.2.b) Principales influencias en los autores existencialistas ............................................................... 140 IV.2.c) Tipos de Existencialismos ........................................................................................................... 144 IV.3. EL EXISTENCIALISMO EN EL ARTE ....................................................................................................... 155 IV.4. CORRIENTES POST‐EXISTENCIALISTAS ............................................................................................... 160 V. LOS TEMAS DEL EXISTENCIALISMO EN LA INTERPRETACIÓN DRAMÁTICA DE MARÍA CASARES ........... 168 V.1. MARÍA CASARES Y EL ARTE DRAMÁTICO. ............................................................................................ 168 V.1.a) Inicios y destino teatral ............................................................................................................... 169 i V.1.b) Concepción del arte dramático ................................................................................................... 180 V.1.c) Compañías Teatrales de las que formó parte ............................................................................. 196 V.2. EL EXISTENCIALISMO Y MARÍA CASARES ............................................................................................. 206 V.2.a) El existencialismo en su vida ....................................................................................................... 206 V.2.b) María Casares en la expresión artística del existencialismo ....................................................... 218 VI. MARÍA CASARES COMO ICONO ARTÍSTICO Y POLÍTICO DEL EXISTENCIALISMO Y DEL EXILIO .............. 245 VI.1. FACTORES QUE ACERCAN A MARÍA CASARES AL PENSAMIENTO EXISTENCIALISTA Y A LAS VANGUARDIAS IDEOLÓGICAS DE SUS CONTEMPORÁNEOS ....................................................................... 246 VI.2. MARÍA CASARES COMO TRASMISOR ARTÍSTICO DEL EXISTENCIALISMO FRANCÉS ............................ 279 VI.3. TRASCENDENCIA DE MARÍA CASARES EN EL EXILIO ESPAÑOL REPUBLICANO .................................... 299 VII. CONCLUSIONES.................................................................................................................................. 320 VIII. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ................................................................................................................................... 330 IX. ANEXOS .............................................................................................................................................. 347 IX.1. CRONO‐BIOGRAFÍA DE MARÍA CASARES ............................................................................................ 347 IX.2. PRODUCCIÓN ARTÍSTICA DE MARÍA CASARES .................................................................................... 366 IX.2.a) Teatro ........................................................................................................................................ 366 IX.2.b) Obra cinematográfica ................................................................................................................ 383 IX.2.c) Televisión .................................................................................................................................... 386 XI.2.d) Documentales y cortometrajes .................................................................................................. 388 IX.2.e) Radio y documentos sonoros ..................................................................................................... 390 IX.2.f) Bibliografía de María Casares ...................................................................................................
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