Working Paper 001 Anti-Corruption in Tanzania: A political settlements analysis Antonio Andreoni1 July 2017 1 SOAS, University of London Email:
[email protected] Anti-Corruption in Tanzania: A political settlements analysis Contents Executive Summary 4 Acknowledgments 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Major sectors and drivers of growth in Tanzania 9 3. Political settlement and political corruption in Tanzania 17 3.1. The Nyerere developmental state and the deep roots of clientelistic networks in Tanzania (1961-1985) 19 3.2. Privatisation, multi-partitism and corruption: the weakening of the dominant party under Mwinyi (1985-1995) 21 3.3. The Mkapa reforms and the response to corruption of a weak dominant party (1995-2005) 24 3.4. Grand corruption and competitive clientelism under Kikwete (2005-2015) 26 3.5. The “bulldozer” or the “builder”? The vulnerability of the authoritarian coalition and the potential developmental state under Magufuli 30 3.6. Tanzania Political Settlement evolution and scenario analysis 40 4. Anti-corruption framework and corruption evidence in Tanzania. 43 4.1. The legal and institutional anti-corruption framework 43 4.2. Corruption evidence and types of corruption 44 5. Strategic opportunities for anti-corruption evidence (ACE) strategies in Tanzania 50 6. References 55 Figures Figure 1: World Governance Indicators, Tanzania and comparators, 2005-2015 6 Figure 2: Most Problematic Factors for Doing Business in Tanzania, 2015 7 Figure 3: Relationship between industrial development and human development, 2010 10 Figure 4: Manufacturing