Understanding Why Bird Names Change
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Rare Birds of California Now Available! Price $54.00 for WFO Members, $59.99 for Nonmembers
Volume 40, Number 3, 2009 The 33rd Report of the California Bird Records Committee: 2007 Records Daniel S. Singer and Scott B. Terrill .........................158 Distribution, Abundance, and Survival of Nesting American Dippers Near Juneau, Alaska Mary F. Willson, Grey W. Pendleton, and Katherine M. Hocker ........................................................191 Changes in the Winter Distribution of the Rough-legged Hawk in North America Edward R. Pandolfino and Kimberly Suedkamp Wells .....................................................210 Nesting Success of California Least Terns at the Guerrero Negro Saltworks, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 2005 Antonio Gutiérrez-Aguilar, Roberto Carmona, and Andrea Cuellar ..................................... 225 NOTES Sandwich Terns on Isla Rasa, Gulf of California, Mexico Enriqueta Velarde and Marisol Tordesillas ...............................230 Curve-billed Thrasher Reproductive Success after a Wet Winter in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona Carroll D. Littlefield ............234 First North American Records of the Rufous-tailed Robin (Luscinia sibilans) Lucas H. DeCicco, Steven C. Heinl, and David W. Sonneborn ........................................................237 Book Reviews Rich Hoyer and Alan Contreras ...........................242 Featured Photo: Juvenal Plumage of the Aztec Thrush Kurt A. Radamaker .................................................................247 Front cover photo by © Bob Lewis of Berkeley, California: Dusky Warbler (Phylloscopus fuscatus), Richmond, Contra Costa County, California, 9 October 2008, discovered by Emilie Strauss. Known in North America including Alaska from over 30 records, the Dusky is the Old World Warbler most frequent in western North America south of Alaska, with 13 records from California and 2 from Baja California. Back cover “Featured Photos” by © Kurt A. Radamaker of Fountain Hills, Arizona: Aztec Thrush (Ridgwayia pinicola), re- cently fledged juvenile, Mesa del Campanero, about 20 km west of Yecora, Sonora, Mexico, 1 September 2007. -
The Generic Distinction of Pied Woodpeckers
THE GENERIC DISTINCTION OF PIED WOODPECKERS M. RALPH BROWNING, 170 JacksonCreek Drive, Jacksonville,Oregon 97530 ABSTRACT: The ten speciesof New World four-toedwoodpeckers (scalaris, nuttallii, pubescens, villosus, stricklandi, arizonae, borealis, albolarvatus, lignarius,and m ixtusand the two borealthree-toed species (arcticus and tridactylus), currentlycombined in the genusPicoides, differ, in additionto the numberof toes,in modificationsof the skull,ribs, the belly of the pubo-ischio-femoralismuscle, head plumage,and behavior. I recommendthat the genericname Dryobates be reinstituted for the New World four-toedwoodpeckers. There are three generalmorphological groups of pied woodpeckers,a groupof nine four-toedspecies of the New World, a groupof 22 four-toed speciesof the Old World, and a groupof two three-toedspecies straddling bothregions. ! referto thesegroups of piedwoodpeckers beyond as the New World,Old World,and three-toedgroups. The three-toedspecies have long beenin the genusPicoides Lac•p•de, 1799, but the four-toedgroups have been combinedat the genericlevel in differentways. All four-toedpied woodpeckerswere long includedin the genusDryobates Boie, 1826, later changed to Dendrocopos Koch, 1816 an earlier name (Voous 1947, A.O.U. 1947, Peters 1948). Despite the differencein number of toes, Dendrocoposwas combined with Picoidesbecause of generalsimilarities in anatomy (Delacour 1951, Short 1971a), plumage and behavior (Short 1974a), and vocalizations(Winkler and Short 1978). The A.O.U (1976) followedthis mergerof the genera.On the basisof skeletalcharacters Rea (1983) was skepticalof the merger,but he did not providedetails. On the otherhand, Ouellet(1977), concludingthat the two generadiffer in external morphologyand some behaviors and vocalizations, separated the Old World four-toedwoodpeckers in Dendrocoposand three-toedand New World four-toedwoodpeckers in Picoides.The A.O.U. -
(Dendrocopos Syriacus) and Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocoptes Medius) Around Yasouj City in Southwestern Iran
Archive of SID Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics (IJAB) Vol.15, No.1, 99-105, 2019 ISSN: 1735-434X (print); 2423-4222 (online) DOI: 10.22067/ijab.v15i1.81230 Comparison of nest holes between Syrian Woodpecker (Dendrocopos syriacus) and Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocoptes medius) around Yasouj city in Southwestern Iran Mohamadian, F., Shafaeipour, A.* and Fathinia, B. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran (Received: 10 May 2019; Accepted: 9 October 2019) In this study, the nest-cavity characteristics of Middle Spotted and Syrian Woodpeckers as well as tree characteristics (i.e. tree diameter at breast height and hole measurements) chosen by each species were analyzed. Our results show that vertical entrance diameter, chamber vertical depth, chamber horizontal depth, area of entrance and cavity volume were significantly different between Syrian Woodpecker and Middle Spotted Woodpecker (P < 0.05). The average tree diameter at breast height and nest height between the two species was not significantly different (P > 0.05). For both species, the tree diameter at breast height and nest height did not significantly correlate. The directions of nests’ entrances were different in the two species, not showing a preferentially selected direction. These two species chose different habitats with different tree coverings, which can reduce the competition between the two species over selecting a tree for hole excavation. Key words: competition, dimensions, nest-cavity, primary hole nesters. INTRODUCTION Woodpeckers (Picidae) are considered as important excavator species by providing cavities and holes to many other hole-nesting species (Cockle et al., 2011). An important part of habitat selection in bird species is where to choose a suitable nest-site (Hilden, 1965; Stauffer & Best, 1982; Cody, 1985). -
Appendix C. Texas Birds Including Those Found in Three Urban Centers and in Other States
Appendix C. Texas birds including those found in three urban centers and in other states. (Courtesy of Cassandra LaFleur) Texas Birds Scientific Name Austin Dallas Houston States Checklistb 1. Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) H 38 2. Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus) 14 3. Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) 42 4. Allen's Hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin) 20 5. Altamira Oriole (Icterus gularis) 1 6. American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) D 49 7. American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) H 49 8. American Black Duck (Anas rubripes) 47 9. American Coot (Fulica americana) D H 50 10. American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Da H 49 11. American Dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) 16 12. American Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) 8 13. American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica) 48 14. American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis) A D H 49 15. American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) D H 49 16. American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) 21 17. American Pipit (Anthus rubescens) 50 18. American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) Da 49 19. American Robin (Turdus migratorius) A Da H 49 20. American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea) 49 (Pelecanus 21. American White Pelican D 49 erythrorhynchos) 22. American Wigeon (Anas americana) D 50 23. American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) H 42 24. Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) D 37 25. Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna) 30 26. Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis) 3 27. Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) 44 28. Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens) 39 29. Audubon's Oriole (Icterus graduacauda) 2 30. Audubon's Shearwater (Puffinus lherminieri) 17 31. Aztec Thrush (Ridgwayia pinicola) 2 32. Bachman's Sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis) 24 33. Baird's Sandpiper (Calidris bairdii) 50 34. Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) D H 49 35. -
Picoides Arcticus Swainson Black-Backedblack-Backed Woodpecker Woodpecker, Page 1
Picoides arcticus Swainson black-backedblack-backed woodpecker woodpecker, Page 1 State Distribution Best Survey Period Photo courtesy Mike Danzenbaker Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Status: Special Concern Counties in the Upper Peninsula. Breeding is probable in Houghton, Keweenaw, Luce and Ontonagon Counties Global and state ranks: G5/S2 (Evers 1991, Michigan Natural Features Inventory 2002). Winter records of wandering individuals are Family: Picadae (woodpeckerzs) known south to Kalamazoo and Wayne counties (Wood 1951), although most southern Lower Peninsula obser- Total range: Black-backed woodpeckers are year- vations are prior to the mid 1900s (Zimmerman and Van round residents within boreal and montane forests Tyne 1959). Michigan is at the southern edge of this across northern North America. They breed from species range. central Alaska and northern Canada to montane areas of California and New England. Although the black- Recognition: This relatively large woodpecker has a backed woodpecker does not migrate south in winter, wingspan of 16 inches and length of 9.5 inches. It is individuals may move infrequently to areas south of the larger than the hairy woodpecker. Black-backed wood- regular breeding range in response to local insect peckers appear large-headed and short-tailed. Adults outbreaks. Movements can vary from a few wandering are all black with a bluish gloss above and a dis- individuals to irruptions involving many birds. Winter tinct white malar stripe. The belly and breast are records have occurred as far south as southern white but the sides and flanks are barred with Saskatchewan, Iowa, central Illinois, northern Indiana, black. -
The Gambia: a Taste of Africa, November 2017
Tropical Birding - Trip Report The Gambia: A Taste of Africa, November 2017 A Tropical Birding “Chilled” SET DEPARTURE tour The Gambia A Taste of Africa Just Six Hours Away From The UK November 2017 TOUR LEADERS: Alan Davies and Iain Campbell Report by Alan Davies Photos by Iain Campbell Egyptian Plover. The main target for most people on the tour www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] p.1 Tropical Birding - Trip Report The Gambia: A Taste of Africa, November 2017 Red-throated Bee-eaters We arrived in the capital of The Gambia, Banjul, early evening just as the light was fading. Our flight in from the UK was delayed so no time for any real birding on this first day of our “Chilled Birding Tour”. Our local guide Tijan and our ground crew met us at the airport. We piled into Tijan’s well used minibus as Little Swifts and Yellow-billed Kites flew above us. A short drive took us to our lovely small boutique hotel complete with pool and lovely private gardens, we were going to enjoy staying here. Having settled in we all met up for a pre-dinner drink in the warmth of an African evening. The food was delicious, and we chatted excitedly about the birds that lay ahead on this nine- day trip to The Gambia, the first time in West Africa for all our guests. At first light we were exploring the gardens of the hotel and enjoying the warmth after leaving the chilly UK behind. Both Red-eyed and Laughing Doves were easy to see and a flash of colour announced the arrival of our first Beautiful Sunbird, this tiny gem certainly lived up to its name! A bird flew in landing in a fig tree and again our jaws dropped, a Yellow-crowned Gonolek what a beauty! Shocking red below, black above with a daffodil yellow crown, we were loving Gambian birds already. -
Programs and Field Trips
CONTENTS Welcome from Kathy Martin, NAOC-V Conference Chair ………………………….………………..…...…..………………..….…… 2 Conference Organizers & Committees …………………………………………………………………..…...…………..……………….. 3 - 6 NAOC-V General Information ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…..………….. 6 - 11 Registration & Information .. Council & Business Meetings ……………………………………….……………………..……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………..…..……...….. 11 6 Workshops ……………………….………….……...………………………………………………………………………………..………..………... 12 Symposia ………………………………….……...……………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 13 Abstracts – Online login information …………………………..……...………….………………………………………….……..……... 13 Presentation Guidelines for Oral and Poster Presentations …...………...………………………………………...……….…... 14 Instructions for Session Chairs .. 15 Additional Social & Special Events…………… ……………………………..………………….………...………………………...…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………….……….……... 15 Student Travel Awards …………………………………………..………...……………….………………………………..…...………... 18 - 20 Postdoctoral Travel Awardees …………………………………..………...………………………………..……………………….………... 20 Student Presentation Award Information ……………………...………...……………………………………..……………………..... 20 Function Schedule …………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………..…………. 22 – 26 Sunday, 12 August Tuesday, 14 August .. .. .. 22 Wednesday, 15 August– ………………………………...…… ………………………………………… ……………..... Thursday, 16 August ……………………………………….…………..………………………………………………………………… …... 23 Friday, 17 August ………………………………………….…………...………………………………………………………………………..... 24 Saturday, -
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
— THE ADAPTIVE MODIFICATIONS AND THE TAXONOMIC VALUE OF THE TONGUE IN BIRDS By Leon L. Gardner, Of the United States Army Medical Corps Since the work of Lucas 1 there has been little systematic investiga- tion on the tongues of birds, and with the exception of an occasional description the subject has been largely neglected. It is in the hope of reopening interest in the subject that this paper is written. As is well known the tongue is an exceptionally variable organ in the Class Aves, as is to be expected from the fact that it is so inti- mately related with the birds' most important problem, that of obtaining food. For this function it must serve as a probe or spear (woodpeckers and nuthatches), a sieve (ducks), a capillary tube (sunbirds and hummers), a brush (Trichoglossidae), a rasp (vul- tures, hawks, and owls), as a barbed organ to hold slippery prey (penguins), as a finger (parrots and sparrows), and perhaps as a tactile organ in long-billed birds, such as sandpipers, herons, and the like. The material upon which this paper is based is the very extensive alcoholic collection of birds in the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C, for the use of which and for his abundant aid in numberless ways I am very much indebted to Dr. Charles W. Richmond, associate curator of the Division of Birds. To Dr. Alexander Wetmore, assistant secretary in charge of the United States National Museum, I wish to express my thanks for his kind assistance in reviewing the paper and for his help in its preparation. -
Landbird Monitoring in the Sonoran Desert Network 2012 Annual Report
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Landbird Monitoring in the Sonoran Desert Network 2012 Annual Report Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SODN/NRTR—2013/744 ON THE COVER Hooded Oriole (Icterus cucullatus). Photo by Moez Ali. Landbird Monitoring in the Sonoran Desert Network 2012 Annual Report Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SODN/NRTR—2013/744 Authors Moez Ali Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory 230 Cherry Street, Suite 150 Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 Kristen Beaupré National Park Service Sonoran Desert Network 7660 E. Broadway Blvd, Suite 303 Tucson, Arizona 85710 Patricia Valentine-Darby University of West Florida Department of Biology 11000 University Parkway Pensacola, Florida 32514 Chris White Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory 230 Cherry Street, Suite 150 Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 Project Contact Robert E. Bennetts National Park Service Southern Plains Network Capulin Volcano National Monument PO Box 40 Des Moines, New Mexico 88418 May 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colora- do, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource manage- ment, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. -
Best of the Baltic - Bird List - July 2019 Note: *Species Are Listed in Order of First Seeing Them ** H = Heard Only
Best of the Baltic - Bird List - July 2019 Note: *Species are listed in order of first seeing them ** H = Heard Only July 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th Mute Swan Cygnus olor X X X X X X X X Whopper Swan Cygnus cygnus X X X X Greylag Goose Anser anser X X X X X Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis X X X Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula X X X X Common Eider Somateria mollissima X X X X X X X X Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula X X X X X X Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator X X X X X Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo X X X X X X X X X X Grey Heron Ardea cinerea X X X X X X X X X Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus X X X X White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla X X X X Eurasian Coot Fulica atra X X X X X X X X Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus X X X X X X X Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus X X X X X X X X X X X X European Herring Gull Larus argentatus X X X X X X X X X X X X Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus X X X X X X X X X X X X Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus X X X X X X X X X X X X Common/Mew Gull Larus canus X X X X X X X X X X X X Common Tern Sterna hirundo X X X X X X X X X X X X Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea X X X X X X X Feral Pigeon ( Rock) Columba livia X X X X X X X X X X X X Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus X X X X X X X X X X X Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto X X X Common Swift Apus apus X X X X X X X X X X X X Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica X X X X X X X X X X X Common House Martin Delichon urbicum X X X X X X X X White Wagtail Motacilla alba X X -
Anatomical Evidence for Phylogenetic Relationships Among Woodpeckers
ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE FOR PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WOODPECKERS WILLIAM R. GOODGE ALT•tOUCr•the functionalanatomy of woodpeckershas long been a subjectof interest,their internal anatomyhas not been usedextensively for determiningprobable phylogeneticrelationships within the family. In part this is probablydue to the reluctanceto use highly adaptivefea- tures in phylogeneticstudies becauseof the likelihood of convergent evolution. Bock (1967) and othershave pointedout that adaptivehess in itself doesnot rule out taxonomicusefulness, and that the highly adaptivefeatures will probablybe the oneshaving conspicuous anatomical modifications,and Bock emphasizesthe need for detailedstudies of func- tion beforeusing featuresin studiesof phylogeny.Although valuable, functionalconclusions are often basedon inferencesnot backed up by experimentaldata. As any similaritybetween species is possiblydue to functionalconvergence, I believewhat is neededmost is detailedstudy of a numberof featuresin order to distinguishbetween similarities re- sultingfrom convergenceand thosebased on phylogenticrelationship. Simplestructures are not necessarilymore primitive and morphological trendsare reversible,as Mayr (1955) has pointedout. Individual varia- tion may occur and various investigatorsmay interpret structuresdif- ferently. Despite these limitations,speculation concerning phylogeny will continuein the future,and I believethat it shouldbe basedon more, rather than fewer anatomical studies. MATERIALS AND METItODS Alcoholic specimensrepresenting 33 genera -
A Defence of Biodiversity As the Goal of Conservation Biology
A Defence of Biodiversity as the Goal of Conservation Biology Charles Gibson A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy The University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand December 2018 i Dedication For my son Caelin, Who was born when this project began But was arguing with me by the time it was completed. May you have as much grass to run on as I did. ii Abstract Biodiversity has been the goal of conservation for thirty years but recent work by biodiversity eliminativists has raised serious challenges to its suitability as the primary goal of conservation. This project groups those challenges into three major arguments: the conceptual case for biodiversity’s elimination, the empirical case for biodiversity’s elimination, and the value compass case for biodiversity’s elimination. Aside from discussing biodiversity as a property, this thesis will also discuss biodiversity as a concept (as in biodiversity), and refer to the word biodiversity (as in ‘biodiversity’). In the conceptual case for biodiversity’s elimination, eliminativists argue that biodiversity misdirects the efforts of conservation and is not a scientifically coherent concept. In the empirical case, eliminativists argue that biodiversity is not operationalisable. In the value compass case, eliminativists argue that biodiversity does not reliably track biological value. I will argue that all three cases for biodiversity’s elimination are unsuccessful. Biodiversity is a complex concept with multiple dimensions of biological diversities but understanding it as a homeostatic property cluster avoids the conceptual case for its elimination. The empirical case is unsuccessful because the surrogacy strategy for measuring biodiversity can be defended against its limitations and the expanding multiplicity of biodiversity measures is overblown.