june/july 2019 volume 15, issue 2 Advancing Biomedical Science, Education, and Health Care

Blavatnik gift will fund research into the biology of survival Medzhitov will investigate “We know a lot about growth medical research at how organisms adapt to the and reproduction,” said Ruslan Yale. In 2013, the Medzhitov, PhD, Sterling Professor Blavatnik Family most severe of environments of Immunobiology and a Howard Foundation, led by Hughes Medical Institute Investiga- American industri- At first glance, a hibernating ground tor. “In contrast, we know little about alist and philanthro- squirrel and a person with the flu the biology of survival.” To fill this pist Len Blavatnik, appear to have little in common. But gap, Medzhitov and his research granted Medzhitov both are protected by physiological team are working to uncover the and Richard Flavell, systems that have evolved to help mechanisms underlying survival PhD, Sterling Pro- them survive challenging conditions. strategies—also known as mainte- fessor of Immunobi- Evolutionary principles tell us that all nance programs—an endeavor that ology, $10 million living systems—including humans, will both advance fundamental to further develop harold shapiro animals, and plants—allocate their biology and provide new therapeutic a groundbreaking theory linking Ruslan Medzhitov has received a $5 million gift precious resources to promote three targets to prevent and treat disease. inflammation and chronic disease. from the Blavatnik Family Foundation, in support of his research into mechanisms that organisms use major goals: growth, reproduction, Recognizing the potential to im- Three years later, the foundation gave to adapt and survive in extreme conditions. and survival. prove human health on a grand scale, $10 million to establish the Blavatnik Each of these efforts, driven by the Blavatnik Family Foundation has Fund for Innovation at Yale, which Last year, the foundation expanded fundamental biological processes, is donated $5 million to Medzhitov’s provides support to expedite the the fund with a $15 million grant. essential for life and the preservation research into the biology of survival. development, application, and com- “The generous, farsighted support of species. But not all of them are The contribution continues an im- mercialization of life science break- of the Blavatnik Family Foundation well understood. portant chapter in philanthropy for throughs taking place on campus. equips our researchers // Gift (page 8) A scholarship begets more scholarships New orthopaedics chair is named, will Donors want today’s and arrive in September tomorrow’s students to receive Lisa Lattanza, what meant so much to them MD, has been ap- pointed as chair of Stephen C. Schimpff, MD ’67, speaks the Department of with appreciation when he talks about Orthopaedics & Re- his years at Yale School of Medicine. habilitation at Yale “I started medical school two weeks School of Medicine after my wife Carol and I got married,” and chief of Ortho- says Steve, a quasi-retired internist, Lisa Lattanza paedics at Yale New professor of medicine and public policy, Haven Hospital, beginning Septem- and former CEO of the University of ber 2019. She is currently professor of Maryland Medical Center—and author orthopaedic surgery and vice chair for of six books, including Longevity De- orthopaedic surgery at the University coded: The 7 Keys to Healthy Aging. of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Now married to Carol for 55-plus weller keith She also serves as chief of the Division years, Stephen says that med school R. Feinstein, MD, Sterling Professor The lives of Carol and Stephen Schimpff received of Hand, Elbow and Upper Extremity a boost when a scholarship let Carol go to college. was challenging but also that it shaped of Medicine and Epidemiology, who They want to similarly help Yale medical students. Surgery and program director for the who he later became. “There is some- became a mentor to both of them. The Hand and Upper Extremity Fellow- thing unique about the Yale system of couple draw a direct line from their They have given back, gener- ship at UCSF. medical education. Instead of memoriz- experiences in New Haven to what they ously, in the form of the Carol R. and Lattanza obtained her medical ing everything, we were taught to truly were able to achieve in their careers. Stephen C. Schimpff Scholarship degree at the Medical College of Ohio think about what we were learning, “Yale set us up for success,” says Steve. Fund for medical students, which (now the University of Toledo College to always want to learn more.” While “Now, after long careers, raising a will enable more students from all of Medicine and Life Sciences). She Steve was in school and residency train- family, and living a thrifty lifestyle, we socioeconomic backgrounds both did her internship at the Harbor- ing, Carol worked with the late Alvan decided to share with Yale.” to attend the // Scholarship (page 4) UCLA Medical // Chair (page 7)

Non-Profit Org. INSIDE THIS ISSUE 1 Church St., Suite 300, New Haven, CT 06510-3330 U. S. Postage www.medicineatyale.org 2 Lifelines PAID Andrew Goodman investigates the human New Haven, CT microbiome and its complexities, including Permit No. 526 evidence of its effect on drug efficacy. 3 Trials that match patient needs A collaboration with the FDA will make Yale more effective in recruiting members of overlooked minorities for clinical trials. 5 Ongoing support from veterans A powerful relationship between the School of Medicine and the Paralyzed Veterans of America spurs spinal and pain research. FOLLOW & SHARE twitter.com/YaleMed facebook.com/YaleMed instagram.com/YaleMed lifelines Medical school lowers student unit loan substantially

Andrew Goodman’s interest Yale School in the human microbiome has made him a premier of Medicine investigator in that area. In announced in collaboration with scientists from other disciplines, he February that has made discoveries that it is reducing add to the understanding of organisms within our bodies, the unit loan— including evidence that the the amount microbiome may aff ect how the body reacts to drugs. that medical Laura Ment students who receive need-based scholarships are expected to borrow—from $23,000 to $15,000 per year for all students attending in the 2019-2020 academic year and thereaft er. Together with the Andrew Goodman unit loan reduction that went robert a. lisak into eff ect for the just-ended academic year—from $30,000 to $23,000—it is a reduction of 50% Revealing secrets of the microbiome in two years. “Reducing our students’ Goodman fi nds that gut human microbiome, and developed new between a person’s microbiome and debt burden has been one of our organisms are responsible approaches of his own. “The discovery their drug response, we could select the highest priorities,” said Robert for more than digestion that commensal bacteria are equipped dose, delivery route, or specific drug J. Alpern, MD, dean and Ensign with numerous specialized adaptations that would be most likely to succeed,” Professor of Medicine. In ecology, the branch of biology that to live in the gut changed the way I Goodman says. In this area, the group According to the Associa- investigates how organisms relate thought about the microbiome,” he says. has made recent progress. In research tion of American Medical Col- with each other and their environment, In 2010, when Yale offered published in February in the journal leges, 71% of medical students the points of interaction seem infinite. Goodman an opportunity to join the Science, Goodman’s lab showed that Those points riveted Andrew Goodman, newly formed Microbial Sciences gut bacteria can play an enormous role had educational debt in 2018, PhD, C.N.H. Long Professor of Micro- Institute on Yale’s West Campus, in producing toxic drug metabolites, in with a national average debt of bial Pathogenesis, as he grew up near he did not hesitate. Goodman saw certain cases having a larger adverse $197,000 per student for all Portland, Oregon, and continued to the “West Campus idea”—to bring impact than the liver. These hidden medical schools. With an average absorb him throughout his undergradu- together researchers from different activities of our gut microbes could debt of $116,000 for the Class of ate studies in ecology and evolutionary departments that would normally be prevent drugs from achieving their 2018, Yale already was well below biology at Princeton University. separated into different buildings or intended benefits and even can cause the norm. Starting with the Class Toward the end of his time in New campuses—as especially advantageous harm to the patient. of 2023, students with demon- Jersey, intricate ecosystems of a dif- for addressing the challenge of under- During his time at Yale, Goodman’s strated need should not graduate ferent sort—communities of bacte- standing microbial diversity. In this bold strokes of scientific inquiry have with more than $60,000 in debt. ria—caught Goodman’s attention. “I environment, Goodman and colleagues been recognized with a Presidential “Students who would never realized that microbial communities can collaborate with ecologists, chemists, Early Career Award for Scientists and be viewed as ecological systems that and geneticists. In Goodman’s view, Engineers, a National Institutes of have considered applying to Yale allow us to test our ideas in a way that is “What Yale has built at West Campus Health Director’s New Innovator Award, School of Medicine can now be very hard to do in other environments,” is truly unique in this regard. We get and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute assured that Yale can be aff ord- Goodman says. the chance to see more different Faculty Scholar Award. Goodman appre- able for those of modest means,” His academic interests instantly approaches to thinking about microbes ciates how important his lab team’s says Laura R. Ment, MD, profes- took a sharp turn. He shifted from a than you would at any other university contributions have been. “I’ve been sor of pediatrics and neurology broad study of ecology that included in the country due to the proximity of very lucky to have wonderful postdocs, and associate dean for admissions tracking tigers in their natural habitat, different specialists.” research scientists, and students join and fi nancial aid. Ment led a com- to a focus on molecular biology. He When Goodman came to Yale, he our research group, and I feel privileged mittee formed in 2017 that ex- began studying bacterial genetics for says, “these ideas were mainly aspira- to get to work with this team,” he says. amined ways to provide fi nancial his graduate work at Harvard Medical tional, but I think our research validates While these are still early days for his relief to medical school students. School. “I’ve been fascinated with this and extends this vision.” His lab cur- laboratory’s newest initiatives, Goodman intersection of ecology and mecha- rently works to bring together ecology says he hopes to contribute to answering nisms—the genes, pathways, and mol- and microbiology to understand how the basic question of how microbes rec- ecules—for 20 years,” Goodman says. gut microbial communities form and ognize drugs. “We don’t know whether Managing Editor Robert Forman During his postdoctoral studies persist—despite sparse resources, microbes have a few enzymes that Contributors Paula Derrow, Charles Gershman, at Washington University School of attacks from the immune system, and target many drugs, or if it’s more one-to- Pamela Hartley, Bill Hathaway, Ziba Kashef, Mallory Medicine in St. Louis, Goodman decided even warfare between commensal bac- one,” he says. But knowing those answers Locklear, Jeanna Lucci-Canapari, Jill Max, Colin Poitras, Kathleen Frey Raven, Ashley P. Taylor, and to focus on the bacterial communi- teria themselves. could lead to exciting new therapies. “I Sarah C.P. Williams ties that live in humans. He worked His lab’s second research focus think it’s safe to predict that we will be Design Jennifer Stockwell to bring techniques that were initially directly translates to human health: how temporarily and reversibly changing peo- Web Coordinator/Proofreader Cheryl Violante developed for studying disease-causing microbes affect a person’s response ple’s microbiomes before we’re changing Medicine@Yale is published four times each year by: bacteria to the then-new field of the to drugs. “If we understood the link their genomes.” Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications 1 Church Street, Suite 300, New Haven, CT 06510-3330 Telephone: (203) 785-5824 Fax: (203) 785-4327 Email [email protected] New faculty leaders named at Yale Center for Clinical Investigation Website medicineatyale.org Copyright ©2019 by Yale University. All rights reserved. With the retirement of Robert S. of biomedical engineering, is co- If you have a change of address or do not wish to receive future issues of Medicine@Yale, please write to us at the Sherwin, MD, C.N.H. Long Profes- director for YCCI and co-principal above address or via email at [email protected]. sor Emeritus of Medicine (Endo- investigator of the Yale Clinical Postal permit held by Yale University, crinology) and longtime associate and Translational Science Award 155 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520 dean for clinical and translational program, along with John Krystal, research, the Yale Center for Clini- MD, Robert L. McNeil Jr. Professor Robert J. Alpern, MD cal Investigation (YCCI), of which of Translational Research, professor Dean and Ensign Professor of Medicine Roopashree Narasimhaiah Sherwin was founding director, has and chair of psychiatry, and profes- Associate Vice President for Development announced new leadership. sor of neuroscience and psychology. & Alumni Affairs (203) 436-8504 Brian Smith, MD, deputy dean Eric J. Velazquez, MD, Robert W. robert a. lisak Mary Hu Brian Smith (left) and John Krystal, both longtime Associate Dean for Communications and for scientifi c aff airs (clinical de- Berliner Professor of Medicine (Car- experts in translational and clinical research, are Chief Communications Officer partments), professor and chair of diology) becomes YCCI’s deputy the new co-directors of the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation (YCCI), following the retirement of laboratory medicine, and professor director of clinical trials innovation. YCCI’s founding director Robert Sherwin. Printed on recycled paper ♻

2 www.medicineatyale.org advances Recruiting for inclusive clinical trials Health & Science News Circadian rhythms Yale and the Food and Drug Administration they will share with the investigator how certain approaches are found in cells join forces to further increase minority trial to potential participants might be ineffective or even offensive for cultural reasons. participation and produce more useful results Ambassadors, for instance, guided Monica R. Ordway, PhD, APRN, associate professor of nursing, as she designed There is a longstanding reluctance among minority populations a study to examine how sleep may be connected to stress to participate in clinical trials designed to evaluate therapies for among diverse, multi-ethnic toddlers. Ordway says common treating disease. From the now-infamous Tuskegee syphilis behavioral sleep interventions for young children were devel- studies where infected African American men were delib- oped by studying mostly middle-to-high-income educated erately left untreated, to the sterilization of many women in white families, “without consideration of the unique cir- Whether pathogens appear in your Puerto Rico without their informed consent, people of color cumstances of those with lower socio-economic status, such body at midnight or at noon could have learned through bitter experience that their interests and as work schedules and shift work, cultural beliefs, crowded make a difference in your ability to those of the health care establishment may not coincide. “There housing, issues around light and noise in the neighborhood, fight them, a new study suggests. was a kind of apprehension and kind of fear on the part of our and safety.” Ambassadors, she says, provided constructive Ruslan Medzhitov, PhD, Sterling community,” says Rev. Leroy Odinga Perry, DMin, pastor of St. feedback to her proposal as she and they discussed the state Professor of Immunobiology, and col- Stephens AME Zion Church in Branford, Conn. of science regarding sleep and health in early childhood. leagues probed how macrophages—a In and near New Haven, a wariness of working with re- They also advised Ordway on how to approach families in type of white blood cell—responded searchers from Yale was a natural consequence, as it has long terms that would resonate with their lives, such as speak- to components of bacteria. been in many minority communities located near American ing of sleep deprivation as affecting children’s behavior and The amount of an immune signal- research universities. Yale has joined forces with the federal school performance rather than more distant concerns such ing molecule called IL-12p40 that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ameliorate that, as health risks later in life. “When I think about the success of macrophages produced in response through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) they my program, one of the first things that I think about is that varied among cells. Some of this signed in 2018 to encourage more minority participation in meeting where they talked to me about how I frame this with variation, the team showed, could clinical trials. families.” In turn, when some community members resisted be attributed to the phase of the Among the nation’s medical schools, Yale is especially cooperating with her, Ambassadors became her advocates. circadian clock to which the cells well positioned to participate, because since 2011 it has “Because they had already met with me and vetted my study, were tuned. Just as the human body worked to engage the local community through its Cultural they were able to then speak to the quality, and the safety, as a whole follows a circadian rhythm Ambassadors program. The Ambassadors are leaders from when it comes to such behaviors as Connecticut’s African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Zion sleep and eating, individual cells have Church—including Perry—and from Junta for Progressive Ac- fluctuations over a 24-hour time tion, which advocates for Latino/Latina people and provides course. However, not all cells may be social services. They have formed an alliance with Yale to perfectly in sync all the time. convince their constituencies that the trials benefit both those The new findings, published on who participate and the wider community. Perry calls it “a March 5 in Science Signaling, give link that had been missing between the community and the scientists a new avenue to pursue in scientific community.” controlling immune responses. By According to the FDA, “experience has shown that there altering levels of circadian genes, they can be important differences in how people of diverse groups may be able to alter immune function. respond to medical products … so it is important for patients in those populations who are more likely to be treated for a condition to be included in a trial.” African Americans are Cell activity returns known to have disproportionately high rates of diabetes and in postmortem brain heart disease, for instance, but unless they participate in trials affecting those conditions, their differing needs may be over- robert a. lisak Yale scientists took the brains of pigs looked before the FDA approves new treatments. “We need to (l-r) Cultural Ambassadors including Celina Fernández and Rev. Leroy Perry slaughtered at a meatpacking plant advise Tesheia Johnson of the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation—as well as have enough diversity in clinical trials of drugs and devices to others from Yale who shape clinical trials—on how best to design, promote, and and, four hours after death, perfused ensure therapies are effective in all populations,” says Tesheia conduct the trials so that members of minority communities will feel comfort- them with a preservative solution able participating. It is increasingly evident that Inclusion of underrepresented H. Johnson, MBA, MHS, deputy director and chief operating populations in trials enhances their scientific validity and makes it more likely that included hemoglobin, nutrients, officer of the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation (YCCI), that FDA-approved treatments will meet those populations’ unique needs. oxygen, and cytoprotective compo- which receives substantial support from a National Institutes nents—which restored some cellular of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA). and express to concerned community members their support activities. The results, published Tuskegee and Puerto Rico—and society’s wider racism— of the study,” says Ordway. on April 17 in Nature, suggest that made that logic a tough sell for Johnson when she first wanted Ambassadors’ valuable advice has included hiring diverse postmortem brain decline may not be to create the Ambassadors program, even to her own uncle. clinical trial staffs to whom participants can relate. “Hearing as rapid and irreversible as scientists The late Rev. Timothy Howard was AME Zion’s presiding the information from people who look like them, people who previously thought. elder in the state. Johnson recalls that she told him, “ ‘I need a sound like them, people who have had similar experiences, is Researchers led by Nenad Sestan, favor,’ and he said, ‘anything for you,’ and I said, ‘I need your the relief that they need,” says Fernández, “and it creates some MD, PhD, Harvey and Kate Cushing Pro- help with clinical research.’ His response was, ‘no way!’ ” of that open-mindedness that’s needed to make these trials fessor of Neuroscience, and professor But when Howard and other ministers agreed to at least really successful.” of comparative medicine, genetics, and hear her out, the path forward was established. “Once we re- Johnson says Yale’s relationship with its Cultural Ambassa- psychiatry, connected each pig brain to alized that we could be part of something great and historic,” dors has been invaluable. “Last year Yale hit a record high— a mechanical circulatory system called recalls Perry, “and that we could be a part of something that’s 30% across all of our clinical research was from underrepre- BrainEx, which pumped the solution going to help find cures and could save so many lives, we sented populations,” she says. And through the MOU, even through the brain. While other brains could not say no to that.” Celina Fernández, a case manager at more is now happening. Cultural Ambassadors are receiving circulated with a control solution Junta, and also an Ambassador, says her community needed additional training to be certified as community health workers deteriorated during the six-hour perfu- to overcome a perceived lack of basic respect. “A lot of people who can recognize early signs of illness among their neigh- sion, those perfused with the preserva- say, ‘my doctor mocked me because I couldn’t speak English,’ bors and parishioners, discuss their health needs frankly, and tive mixture maintained intact brain or ‘my doctor ignored my symptoms. We go into our doctor’s connect them with the right resources. Yale has worked to help structures, functioning blood vessels, office and are told we don’t matter, yet all of a sudden when Duke University establish a Cultural Ambassadors program, and metabolic activity. Hippocampal it comes to creating research we’re very important?’ ” But and also is building relationships with groups in Puerto Rico neurons fired spontaneously and in Fernández, too, is now firmly on board. and with University College London. And Perry is developing response to stimulation. The investiga- She and the other Cultural Ambassadors meet monthly a proposal for Hood Theological Seminary in North Caro- tors did not observe any brain-wide with leaders from YCCI as well as members of the Yale lina, which trains many future AME Zion pastors, to provide electrical activities associated with faculty who design and conduct trials, and take the time at health-related instruction as part of the curriculum. consciousness. Had they, the research these meetings to explain them. “They give us a wonderful It marks a major turnaround from Perry’s initial thinking, would have been stopped. overview of exactly what they’re covering,” says Fernández. and Perry credits Johnson. “She has been phenomenal in the The possibility of restoring cellular “ ‘This is who we are looking for, this is the treatment we sense that she wants to keep this collaborative,” Perry says. activities in a postmortem brain may are looking at.’ ” From there, an Ambassador might suggest “There is no, ‘you must.’ We are able to critically do our own lead to research that could shed new names of suitable participants, or go back to the community thinking and to participate in these studies as partners. I ap- light on brain disorders, such as stroke. and share what the Yale researcher has said. Just as important, preciate that and I think that’s part of our success.”

Medicine@Yale June/July 2019 3 out & about

November 30 After a documentary film screening of Far From the Tree, December 6 The 26th annual Hunger & Homelessness Auction held at Harkness based on the namesake book by author Andrew Solomon YC ’85, John Krystal, Hall raised money to support organizations in the New Haven area that work to help MD, Robert L. McNeil, Jr. Professor of Translational Research, chair and professor people in need. 1. William Stewart, PhD (left), associate professor of surgery (gross of psychiatry, and professor of neuroscience, led a panel discussion about fami- anatomy), and Jack Tang, Class of 2022, admire a bow tie, one of the biddable prizes, lies’ deep compassion and acceptance while raising children whom society might which brought in $2,078 toward 1. describe as “abnormal.” From left, fundraising; 2. John “Jack” Hughes, filmmaker and director Rachel MD, professor of medicine (general Dretzin; Krystal; James McPart- medicine) served as auctioneer for land, PhD, associate professor in the evening. the Yale Child Study Center and 2. of psychology; Solomon; and Christy Olezeski, PhD, assistant

professor of psychiatry. fiorini tony

1. harold shapiro (2) harold shapiro

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January 25 A retirement 2. March 30 In the Fourth-Year Show, a theatrical party honoring Robert 2. performance that resurrected the 70-year tradition Sherwin, MD, C.N.H. Long of what had been the Second-Year Show, medical Professor Emeritus of Medicine students mimicked, impersonated, and mocked other (Endocrinology) and longtime students, faculty, and administrators. 1. From left, associate dean for clinical and Tess O’Meara as David Stitelman, MD; Andrea Roberts translational research, for 44 representing Kirsten Wilkins, MD, FW ’06, and Anusha years of service to the School Singh as Auguste Fortin VI, MD, MPH. 2. The show, of Medicine, was held at the

harold shapiro (2) harold shapiro called “The Final Master Course,” was produced by, and New Haven Lawn Club. During starred, members of the Class of 2019. his career, Sherwin provided 3. invaluable guidance to genera- tions of clinician scientists and was founding director of the Yale Center for Clinical Inves- tigation (YCCI). 1. From left, Sara Sapire, Sherwin’s daugh- ter; Sherwin; his wife, Leslie Sherwin; his son, Benjamin

Sherwin; and daughter Jenny robert a. lisak (3) Blumberg. 2. From left, Sherwin; one of his mentees, Ania Jastreboff, MD, PhD, assistant professor of medicine (endocrinology) and of pediatrics (endocrinol- ogy); William Tamborlane, MD, professor of pediatrics (endocrinology); and Paul

Barash, MD, professor emeritus of anesthesiology. 3. Sherwin, John Krystal, MD, decarlo anthony Robert L. McNeil, Jr. Professor of Translational Research, chair and professor of April 5 Medical faculty, students, fellows, and residents attended the annual psychiatry, professor of neuroscience, and co-director of YCCI; and Rajita Sinha, M.O.R.E. (Minority Organization for Retention and Expansion) Retreat, hosted by PhD, Foundations Fund Professor of Psychiatry and professor in the Yale Child Darin Latimore, MD, (far right) deputy dean and chief diversity officer and associate Study Center, and co-director of education at YCCI. professor of internal medicine (general medicine), at the New Haven Lawn Club.

// Scholarship (page 1) medical school “Need-based financial aid allows tal- The fund established by the money and pays the donor (or the and to graduate with as little finan- ented, driven students who would do Schimpffs—who have been honored donor’s designated beneficiary) a fixed cial burden as possible. well at YSM, but who may not have the as Sterling Fellows—will afford that annual amount as long as they live. Their support of scholarships resources, to attend.” freedom to even more students. Over The original sum (and any additional has a direct connection to their own Admission to the School of the years, the couple considered investment return) goes to Yale when experiences. A scholarship from an Medicine is need-blind, which is why different ways to donate, eventually the donor dies. That appealed to the employer that Carol received while a gifts from donors like the Schimpffs making a half dozen gifts through Schimpffs. “Since Yale manages the part-time student allowed her to at- are crucial. “We are committed to what is known as a charitable gift an- annuity,” Steve says, “we get income tend Douglass College, the women’s meeting the full financial need of nuity (CGA). without having to manage the invest- division of Rutgers University, where students. That is the bedrock of our “A charitable gift annuity offers ment, even if there’s a stock market she and Steve met. That scholarship recruitment policy,” says Laura R. a way to strengthen your future and downturn.” Steve is working on a new is what propelled her toward her job Ment, MD, professor of pediatrics Yale School of Medicine’s future book and does a weekly TV show on at Yale and ultimately to a career as and neurology and associate dean for at the same time,” says Mary Beth health and wellness at their retirement an architect. admissions and financial aid. Congdon, university director of community, while Carol is docent Last year, of the 496 students Adds Haines, “The hope is not planned giving at Yale. “If predictable emeritus at the Walters Art Museum enrolled at Yale School of Medicine, just to attract a more diverse student fixed payments, tax savings, and the and a water-color artist, and helps to 182 received scholarships based on body, but also to ensure that students satisfaction of benefitting Yale are manage the large community gallery. need. “I like to say that talent and drive graduate with less debt, so they feel potential goals, the CGA is an excel- “I am proud that Carol and I were at are distributed equally, but oppor- free to pursue a discipline that speaks lent vehicle.” Yale as a student and an employee,” tunity is not,” says N’Kenge Haines, to them, rather than focusing solely Once an individual makes a gift says Steve. “If we had to do it over, the school’s director of financial aid. on what they’ll earn.” through a CGA, Yale invests that that is where we would want to be.”

4 www.medicineatyale.org advances Ongoing support from paralyzed veterans Health & Science News Research into spinal injury, PVA leaders return to Yale every Gene discoveries on nerve damage, and pain five years—most recently last Octo- neurological disease ber 25—for a dinner and a tour of forges a strong relationship research labs at the CNRR and School of Medicine. Waxman and CNNR David Zurfluh can walk using leg Associate Director Jeffrey D. Kocsis, braces and a cane, and that is a major PhD, professor of neurology and of step forward from where he once found neuroscience, lead a diverse team of himself. While a member of the U.S. more than 30 scientists whose work Air Force in 1995, Zurfluh fractured collectively aims to improve the lives his neck in a motor vehicle accident in of such people as Zurfluh, who was

In a new mouse study, researchers at Hachinohe, Japan, and was diagnosed given a steroid shot as part of his rosenthal sirota judy Yale uncovered the impact of a gene with incomplete quadriplegia. It took initial treatment at an International Stephen Waxman (left) and David Zurfluh display mutation that has been associated a print that celebrates the 30-year partnership four years of therapy for him to be able Red Cross facility in Hachinohe before between Yale and Paralyzed Veterans of America. with autism, schizophrenia, bipolar to walk again. going to the VA in Seattle for a long disorder, and epilepsy. Studies have Zurfluh is now the national course of rehabilitation. The injec- discovery suggests new possibilities previously shown that mutations in president of Paralyzed Veterans of tion was instrumental in helping him for treating pain. the gene, TRIO, are found in a sig- America (PVA), a veterans’ service regain his ability to walk. “Had it not Kocsis’s team is interested in thera- nificant number of people with these organization with a history that is been for scientists and researchers at pies for spinal cord repair that involve neurodevelopmental disorders. Now, intertwined with Yale’s. With the that time, I may not have had that op- the restoration of myelin, the insulat- a team led by Anthony Koleske, PhD, support of funding from PVA, in portunity,” he says. “It’s very personal ing sheath that coats nerve-cell axons professor of molecular biophysics and 1986 Stephen G. Waxman, MD, to me what you do here at Yale.” and is vital for the conduction of nerve biochemistry and of neuroscience, ge- PhD, Bridget M. Flaherty Professor Beyond spinal cord injury, CNRR signals in the brain and spinal cord. netically engineered mice to lack one of Neurology and of Neuroscience, scientists study a variety of conditions Over the past 30 years, PVA has of their two copies of TRIO. launched the Center for Neuroscience and their underlying mechanisms, gifted $15 million to the School of The animals, they found, had higher and Regeneration Research (CNRR) including multiple sclerosis and neu- Medicine for research surrounding levels of anxiety, impaired social behav- at the VA Connecticut Healthcare ropathic pain. Waxman’s research has pain that follows spinal cord injury— iors, and decreased coordination than System in West Haven. focused on understanding the molecu- including phantom pain—and nerve normal mice. Moreover, the mice had The missions of the CNRR and lar basis for functional recovery after tissue regeneration. Said Yale President smaller brains and their brain cells did PVA complement each other: PVA central nervous system injury, and has Peter Salovey, PhD ’86, “Your service not have the same branching patterns focuses on advocating for medical examined the activity of sodium chan- to our country and your dedication or connections with each other. The re- research on spinal cord injury, pa- nels in neurologic disease. to improving the quality of life for all searchers went on to discover a set of ralysis, and neuropathic pain, and the Recent work has led to the identi- people living with spinal cord injury proteins that are found at lower levels CNRR brings together world-class fication of a particular sodium chan- and disease are examples of what we when TRIO is missing. Using drugs to researchers and cutting-edge science nel, encoded by the gene SCN9A, hope to achieve through that wonder- increase levels of these proteins helped to advance important research and as a major contributor to pain after ful interface where research, education, repair the brain cell defects. inform therapies. injury to the nervous system. That and clinical service come together.” Similar drugs might treat neuro- developmental diseases in humans with TRIO mutations, the researchers suggest. The results were published Foundation’s generosity bolsters two areas of research on March 5 in Cell Reports. Research into cancer as well trust. His lab focuses as epilepsy is boosted by gifts on novel therapies for Gene pairs are tied glioblastoma. “The from the Swebilius Trust Swebilius Trust pro- to cancer spread vided essential pilot Cancer is most deadly when it metas- In fostering biomedical research at funding for my labora- tasizes, or spreads. While metastasis Yale, the C.G. Swebilius Trust has a tory when we were just might result from malfunctions of particular focus: to inspire research or getting started,” Bin- single genes, interactions among study of the causes, prevention, treat- dra says. “It allowed multiple genes may also be the cause, ment or cure of cancer and epilepsy. us to develop a core complicating metastasis genetics. As For more than 44 years, Yale has been set of drug screening reported April 8 in Nature Methods, the most frequent recipient of funds reagents that we use in

Sidi Chen, PhD, assistant professor of from the trust, at the discretion of the our lab even today. We kaufmancarl genetics, has developed an approach trustees. The trust’s contributions to are very grateful for their commitment (l-r): Stephen Hotchkiss, co-trustee; Charles designed to sort out which gene pairs Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center director; co-trustees Yale School of Medicine have recently to cancer research.” Amy Lynch (for Bank of America, N.A.) and John most drive cancer’s spread. passed the $18 million mark. This The trust also promotes the impor- Brennan; Dennis Spencer, chief of epilepsy surgery. Using the gene-editing technique enduring relationship has given rise to tance of multidisciplinary approaches CRISPR, Chen and colleagues knocked notable discoveries through advanced to biomedical research. “A field can be potentially cure with surgery, but sur- out 325 pairs of genes individually sus- research in the areas of cancer and much more productive where there is gery may not be an option if there are pected of promoting metastasis from epilepsy at Yale. work across departments and across potential risks to language or memory,” lung cancer cells. Next, with a subcu- “The Swebilius Trust plays a critical institutions on a single concept,” says says Benjamin. taneous injection, they transferred role in stimulating novel and impact- Dennis Spencer, MD, Harvey and Kate With his award, Benjamin was the cancer cells, which carried genetic ful cancer research during its early Cushing Professor of Neurosurgery able to show that there is a tremen- barcodes indicating which genes had stages,” says Charles S. Fuchs, MD, and chief of epilepsy surgery. “For dous opportunity to improve our abil- been knocked out, into immuno- MPH, Richard Sackler and Jonathan example, if you take scientists engaged ity to map language in patients and deficient mice. Six weeks later, the Sackler Professor of Medicine (Medi- in basic research who are interested in ensure better outcomes. This initial researchers removed both the primary cal Oncology), and director of Yale cellular-related activity in the brain, and research enabled Benjamin to secure tumors from under the skin and those Cancer Center. Grants from the trust you provide them with the resources additional funding after his Swebilius that had metastasized to the lungs. help researchers develop pilot data to translate that work as it pertains to award concluded. Through the barcodes, they deter- derived from small-scale studies aimed epilepsy, the field can go in a direction in “Department chairs, faculty, and mined which gene-knockout combina- at determining the feasibility of more which it was not headed before.” researchers have met with the trustees tions were more prevalent in the lung extensive investigation, he notes. Many Christopher Benjamin, PhD, as- annually and consistently impressed tumors than in primary tumors and, researchers who begin with funding sistant professor of neurology, recently us with their knowledge, dedication, therefore, which combinations had from the Swebilius Trust move on to completed a year of Swebilius Trust re- and progress in scientific advancement likely promoted metastasis. In addition larger awards from agencies such as the search support. He aims to understand toward the objectives established by the to helping scientists understand cancer National Institutes of Health (NIH). language function in epilepsy patients, Swebilius estate,” says Stephen Hotch- genetics, this approach could help Ranjit Bindra, MD, PhD, associ- and predict how language and memory kiss, co-trustee. “We continue to be researchers probe gene interactions in ate professor of therapeutic radiology, may respond to surgery. “Epilepsy is impressed by the responsible manner other contexts, the authors write. benefited from early funding from the a neurological condition that we can in which the funds are applied.”

Medicine@Yale June/July 2019 5 Grants and contracts awarded RNAseq of CSF to Dissect CNS Cellular Perturba- Marius Chiasseu, Alzheimer’s Association, Role of tions in Long-term Treated HIV, 1.9 years, Brain Injury in the Induction of Alzheimer’s $460,625; NIH, In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Disease, 3 years, $174,999 • Jean-Ju Chung, Rens- to Yale School of Medicine Density in Virally Suppressed HIV-1 Infection selaer Polytechnic Institute, The Contraceptive Using 11CUCB-J PET, 1.9 years, $460,625 • Richard Vaccine Project, 2.3 years, $716,539 • Theodore Sutton, NIH, Helper-dependent Adenoviral Cohen, Emory University (NIH), The Role of January 2018–June 2018 Vectors for Targeted In Vivo Gene Delivery to Casual Contact and Migration in the XDR TB Epi- Both CD4 T Cells and Hematopoietic Progenitors, demic in South Africa: A Geospatial, Genomic and Federal Imputation, Dimensionality Reduction, and Visual- 2 years, $460,625 • Hemant Tagare, NIH, Principal Social Network Study, 4.8 years, $55,575; Vital Nita Ahuja, NIH, (PQD3) Molecular Profiles Asso- ization of Single Cell RNA-Sequencing Data, Subspace Analysis of Cryo-EM Heterogeneity, Strategies (Formally The International Union ciated with Long-Term Survival in Pancreas 3 years, $107,544 • Angeliki Louvi, NIH, Candidate 4 years, $1,374,551 • Jeffrey Testani, NIH, Mecha- Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Inc. Cancer, 1.3 years, $405,835 • David Assis, NIH, Pharmacological Therapies for Cerebral Cavern- nism and Effects of Manipulating Chloride D/B/A Vital Strategies), Genomic, Spatial, and Epi- Defining the Role of MIF and CD74 in Autoim- ous Malformations, 2 years, $460,625 • Alice Lu, Homeostasis in Heart Failure, 4.8 years, $4,181,973 demiological Analysis to Inform Targeted TB mune Cholangitis, 2 years, $251,250 • Anton NIH, Characterizing Global Regulatory Networks Dongnhu Truong, NIH, Molecular Genetic Exami- Interventions in Moldova, 2.9 years, $1,400,004 Bennett, NIH, Signaling by Shp2 Mutants in in Human Embryonic Stem Cells, 3 years, $102,192 nation of Co-Occurring Learning Disabilities, James Comer, New Haven Board of Education, RASopathies, 3.9 years, $1,976,944 • Ronald Jun Lu, NIH, CRISPR-based Enhanced Molecular 2 years, $202,004 • Silvia Vilarinho, NIH, Deci- SDP NHBOE 2018 Agreement, 5 months, Breaker, Barbara Kazmierczak, NIH, Exploiting Chipper Technology for Identifying Functional phering the Genetic Basis of Portal Hypertension, $225,000; Carnegie Corporation of New York, Riboswitch Sensors to Reveal Antibiotics Uptake Noncoding Elements in Cancer, 3 years, $1,187,022 4.9 years, $850,920 • Emily Wang, NIH, JUSTice- James Comer 50th Anniversary Conference, and Retention in Gram Negative Bacteria, 5 years, Patrick Lusk, NIH, The Mechanism of ESCRT- Involved Individuals Cardiovascular Disease Epide- 9 months, $110,000 • Zack Cooper, Dartmouth $360,125 • Jason Cai, NIH, Development of Novel mediated Surveillance of the Nuclear Envelope miology (JUSTICE), 3.8 years, $3,120,989 • Francis College (NIH), Causes and Consequences of SV2A PET Agents for Early Detection of Alzheim- Barrier, 4 years, $1,373,500 • Robert Malison, Wilson, NIH, Optimizing Electronic Alerts for Healthcare Efficiency, 5 years, $1,101,476 • Daniel er’s Disease, 2.8 years, $2,407,083 • Rui Chang, David Ross, NIH, Integrated Mentored Patient- Acute Kidney Injury, 5 years, $3,142,030 • Yong Cooperman, Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of NIH, GLP1R Neurons in the Subfornical Organ and Oriented Research Training (IMPORT) in Psychia- Xiong, NIH, Comparative Structure and Function America, (POSNA), Guiding Scoliosis Evaluation Integration of Thirst and Satiety Cues, 3.2 years, try, 5 years, $1,165,037 • Nikhil Malvankar, NSF, Analyses of Human and Mouse SAMHD1 Proteins, with a Humeral Head Ossification Algorithm, $508,840 • Eunice Cho, NIH, PPP6C Regulation CAREER: Mechanism of Metallic Conductivity in 2 years, $464,691 • Sarah Yip, NIH, Effects of Oxy- 1 year, $10,000 • Cindy Crusto, New York Univer- of ERK Signaling in Melanoma, 3 years, $87,744 Bacterial Pili Filaments, 5 years, $800,000 • Nikhil codone on Functional Connectivity, 2 years, sity (NIH), Intergenerational Impact of Genetic Keith Choate, NIH, Genetics and Pathobiology of Malvankar, Victor Batista, DoD, Stretchable, $460,625 • Mark Youngblood, NIH, PBAF Signal- and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure, Cutaneous Mosaic Disorders, 4.9 years, $2,915,522 Transparent & Biodegradable Electronic Material ing in Meningioma Tumorigenesis, 4 years, $111,111 1.2 years, $74,049 • Leslie Curry, Patrick and Cath- Paul Cleary, NIH, Center for Interdisciplinary with Tunable Functionality, 1.5 years, $509,699 Heping Zhang, Hongtu Zhu, Fei Zou, NIH, Analy- erine Weldon Donaghue Medical Research Foun- Research on AIDS, 5 years, $7,666,752 • Gary Malaiyalam Mariappan, NIH, Retro-proteomics sis of Big Data Squared in Biomedical Studies, dation, Translating Leadership Saves Lives for Cline, Andrew Goodman, Gerald Shulman, NIH, to Identify Misfolded Proteins from the ER and 4.7 years, $2,343,916 Greater Impact, 1 year, $33,000 • Abigail Cutler, Microbiome Origins and Insulin Regulatory Their Quality Control Pathways, 2 years, $460,625 Society of Family Planning, Project Title: The Responses of the Short Chain Fatty Acid Acetate, Kathleen Martin, NIH, Novel Insights into Intimal Non-federal Impact of Shouting Your Abortion on Community- 4 years, $2,404,168 • Vaughn Colleluori, NIH, Hyperplasia in Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy, Takaomi Adachi, American Diabetes Association, Level Abortion Stigma: A Randomized Clinical Characterizing the Role of MINK1 in Congenital 3.8 years, $2,415,720 • David Matuskey, James Integrating Metabolic and Vascular Protective Trial, 1.4 years, $97,414 • Dibyadeep Datta, Heart Disease and Mucociliary Clearance, 3 years, McPartland, NIH, Social-communicative Deficits Effects of Apelin Signaling, 3 years, $179,722 • Jean Alzheimer’s Association, Leaky Ryanodine Recep- $120,200 • J. Lucian Davis, Achilles Katamba, in Autism Spectrum Disorder as Measured by Adnopoz, Child Health & Development Inst. of tors: Potential Role in the Pathogenesis of AD, Arthur Reingold, NIH, TB and Other Pulmonary mGluR5 Positron Emission Tomography, 1.8 years, Connecticut, Singh SBDI FY18 Agreement, 3 years, $174,946 • Enrique De La Cruz, University Complications of AIDS Research Training $460,625 • Lisa McLean, NIH, The Intersection of 3 months, $18,017 • Jean Adnopoz, Holy Family of Chicago (DoD), Mechanisms of Force Sensing Program, 4.9 years, $1,821,503 • Swetha Dravida, Alzheimer’s Disease and Ribosome Biogenesis Institute, Allegheny County Service Agreement, in Adherent Cells as Inspiration for New Materials, NIH, Neural Mechanisms of Live Joint Attention through Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein Binding 1 year, $18,325 • Heather Allore, Oregon Health 1 year, $166,666 • Jennifer Dearborn-Tomazos, In Autism Spectrum Disorders: An fNIRS Hyper- Family B Member 1 (APBB1; FE65), 3 years, $127,143 Sciences University (NIH), Changes in Multimor- Robert Leet and Clara Guthrie Patterson Trust, scanning Investigation, 3 years, $124,992 • Erol Adam Mecca, NIH, Investigation of Molecular bidity and Disability Among Race/Ethnic Older Intentional Weight Loss in Obese Patients after Fikrig, Richard Flavell, NIH, The Role of NLRP6 Changes in mGluR5 and SV2A to Study Synaptic Adults, 1.3 years, $120,272 • Frederick Altice, Ischemic Stroke: A Feasibility and Safety Study, and DHX15 in Control of Infection by RNA Viruses, Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease using PET, Comer Family Foundation, Syringe Services 2 years, $95,000 • Jonathan Demb, Icahn School 5 years, $2,093,750 • Richard Flavell, NIH, The 4.9 years, $977,376 • Matt Meizlish, NIH, Macro- Program Expansion, 1 year, $3,000 • Sarah of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS) (NIH), Inflammasome as a Novel Mediator and Thera- phage Regulation of Tissue Repair and Fibrosis Amalraj, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Regeneration of Rod Photoreceptors from Muller peutic Target of GI Syndrome, 5 years, $1,904,285 Through Sensing of Extracellular Matrix Mechan- Congenital Heart Disease Candidate Gene Myelin Glial Cells in Adult Mouse Retina, 1.2 years, $29,569 Lisa Fucito, NIH, Development and Pilot Testing of ics, 2 years, $76,944 • Edward Melnick, Gail Regulatory Factor (MYRF) Plays an Unexpected Sabrina Diano, Monash University, Stress and a Multimodal Mobile Sleep Intervention Using D’Onofrio, NIH, EMBED: Pragmatic trial of user- Role in Left Right Patterning, 1 year, $38,000 Weight Gain, 1.5 years, $18,047 • James Doding- Wearable Technology to Reduce Heavy-Drinking centered clinical decision support to implement Gustavo Angarita-Africano, Peter F. McManus ton, The Avielle Foundation, Hospital-Based Vio- in Young Adults, 3 years, $753,342 • Jorge Galan, EMergency department-initiated BuprenorphinE Charitable Trust, Imaging Synaptic Density in lence Intervention Program (HVIP) Development NIH, Host Cell Signaling Pathways Induced by Sal- for opioid use Disorder, 1 year, $819,454 • Wang Opiate Addiction in Vivo Using 11C-UCB-J PET, through Community-Engaged Research, 2 years, monella, 5 years, $2,697,553 • Pallavi Gopal, NIH, Min, NIH, The Role of Novel Aip1 Isoform in Patho- 2 years, $50,000 • Nancy Angoff, Arnold P. Gold $50,000 • Deepak D’Souza, Heffter Research TDP43 mRNA Complex Transport in Physiologic logical Lymphangiogenesis, 4 years, $1,937,402 Foundation for Humanism in Medicine, 2018 Institute, IIT Psilocybin-Induced Neuroplasticity in and Pathologic States, 2.6 years, $531,371 • Valen- Peggy Myung, NIH, Dissecting the Temporal Role Leonard Tow Humanism in Medicine Award, the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder, tina Greco, NIH, Understanding Skin Tissue of Dermal Wnt/beta-catenin Signaling in Hair Fol- 1.8 years, $1,000 • Alan Anticevic, Vanderbilt Uni- 2 years, $132,335 • James Duncan, Georgia Insti- Repair in Live Mammals, 4.9 years, $2,875,240; licle Induction during Development and Regenera- versity Medical Center (NIH), Development of tute of Technology (NIH), A Novel Computing NIH, Live Imaging of Skin Regeneration, 4.9 years, tive Wound Healing, 2 years, $167,500 • Michael Thalamocortical Circuits and Cognitive Function Framework to Automatically Process Cardiac $2,515,492 • Patricia Ann Gruner, NIH, Dissecting Nathanson, NIH, Molecular Regulation of Cho- in Healthy Individuals and Youth At-Risk for Psy- Valve Image Data and Predict Treatment Out- Causal Reasoning Abnormalities in Obsessive- lestasis in Cholangiocytes, 4 years, $1,928,048; chosis, 1.3 years, $195,100 • Florent Barthas, Brain comes, 4 years, $505,952; Academy of Clinical Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 4 years, $787,536 NIH, Ca2+ Waves in Hepatocytes: Mechanisms & Behavior Research Foundation (formerly Laboratory Physicians and Scientists, Automated Giovanna Guerrero-Medina, NSF, NSF RAPID: and Effects, 5 years, $2,586,991 • Karla Neuge- NARSAD), Prefrontal Cortex Neural Dynamics in Image Analysis: Clinical Validation, 2 years, $7,500 Evaluation of Disaster-related Science Lesson bauer, NIH, The Dynamic Energy Budget of Verte- Stress-Induced Mood Disorders, 1 year, $35,000 Marie Egan, Jonathan Koff, Cystic Fibrosis Foun- Plans to Promote Learning Continuity after Hurri- brate Embryogenesis, 2 years, $460,625 • Laura Choukri Ben Mamoun, L2 Diagnostics (NIH), An dation Therapeutics (CFFT), Yale Cystic Fibrosis cane Maria, 1.9 years, $186,086 • Kevan Herold, Niklason, Mahboobe Ghaedi, NIH, Engineered Antigen-detection Assay to Diagnose Babesia Therapeutic Development Center, 1 year, $88,150 Harriet Kluger, NIH, (8) Mechanisms of Autoim- Airway Construct for Cystic Fibrosis Disease Microti Infection, 1 year, $90,050 • Anton Ashley Eltorai, Society for Education in Anesthe- mune Endocrine Diseases in Patients Receiving Modeling, 1.8 years, $444,995 • Corey O’Hern, Bennett, Monash University, Role of ROS and sia, Working Memory Interruptions and Errors in Checkpoint Inhibitors, 5 years, $3,276,090 • Ellen Lynne Regan, NSF, REU Site: Interdisciplinary PTPs in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism, 1.5 years, Anesthesiology: A Randomized, Controlled, Hoffman, NIH, High-throughput Functional Research Training Across Biology, Physics, and $19,672 • Curtis Benson, Paralyzed Veterans of Simulation-Based Study, 1 year, $10,000 • James Analysis of Autism Risk Genes, 4.8 years, $2,093,750 Engineering, 3 years, $23,110 • Kutluk Oktay, NIH, America, Clarifying the Mechanism Underlying Farrell, Nikhil Joshi, Ron Foley Foundation, Pancre- Mark Horowitz, NIH, 7th International Confer- Characterization & Prevention of Chemotherapy- Hyperreflexia after SCI, 2 years, $100,000 • Ranjit atic Cancer Mouse and Human Organoids: Trans- ence on Osteoimmunology: Interactions of the Induced Damage to Ovarian Reserve, 2 years, Bindra, Oligo Nation/Cure, Targeting IDHI Mutant lational Research in Early Detection and Precision Immune and Skeletal Systems, 1 year, $20,000 $1,139,377 • Sunil Parikh, NIH, TRANSMIT: Track- Oligodendroglioma with CNS-Permeable PARP Medicine, 1 year, $70,000 • Vince Faustino, Uni- Yasuko Iwakiri, NIH, Hemodynamics and Hepatic ing Antimalarial Resistance in Mosquito Popula- Inhibitor, BGB-290, 2 years, $125,000; Alex’s Lem- versity of California, Los Angeles (NIH), Ancillary Remodeling, 4 years, $1,507,500 • Daniel Jane- tions, 2 years, $449,950 • Joao Pereira, NIH, onade Stand, Small Molecule Screening for Novel to ABC PICU to Study MOD in Critically Ill Chil- Wit, NIH, Complement-Induced Endothelial Cell Mechanisms of Peripheral B Cell Differentiation DIPG Inhibitors, 2 months, $5,000; Alex’s Lemon- dren, 4 years, $50,000 • Arash Fereydooni, Radio- Activation by a Novel Rab5-ZFYVE21-SMURF2 and Homeostasis, 2 years, $460,625 • Jordan ade Stand, Probing the Metabolome in DIPG, logical Society of North America, Irinotecan- Signaling Axis, 5 years, $2,093,750 • Caroline Pober, George Tellides, NIH, Combined Human 2 months, $5,000 • Michael Bloch, Nix Zelin, Gay eluting LC Bead-M1 (DEBIRI-M1) for Patients with Johnson, Sajid Khan, NIH, Understanding Sex Dif- Myeloid and Lymphoid Engraftment in MISTRG & Lesbian Medical Association, Examining Implicit Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer: A Phase ferences in Colon Cancer Metabolism, 2 years, Mice for Transplantation Research, 3 years, and Explicit Healthcare Provider Bias Toward II Single-Center Study, 2 months, $3,000; Howard $400,744 • Leonard Kaczmarek, NIH, Cellular $460,625 • Faye Rogers, NIH, Role of XPD in DNA Sexual Minority Women, 1 year, $10,000 • Linda Hughes Medical Institute, The Effects of Rapamc- Regulation of Sodium-activated Potassium Chan- Damage Response Pathway Choice, 2 years, Bockenstedt, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount yin on Adaptive Venous Remodeling to Improve nels, 5 years, $1,832,030 • Harriet Kluger, NIH, The $753,750 • Ethan Rundell, NIH, Using Intrabodies Sinai (ISMMS) (NIH), High-throughput Immuno- Arteriovenous Fistula Patency, 1 year, $38,000 Yale Cancer Center Calabresi Immuno-Oncology to Identify Determinants of Intrinsic Antibiotic phenotypic Analyses of Humoral Responses in Katie Ferguson, Brain & Behavior Research Foun- Training Program (IOTP), 5 years, $2,944,160 Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 years, Lyme Disease, 1 year, $83,750 • Daniel Boffa, dation (formerly NARSAD), Developmental GAB- Melissa Knauert, NIH, Circadian Rhythm as a $58,980 • Mehran Sadeghi, DoD, Monitoring American College of Surgeons, American College Aergic Control of Cortical Function And Dysfunc- Novel Therapeutic Target in the Intensive Care Mitochondrial in Diabetic Heart, 1.5 years, of Surgeons/the Society of Thoracic Surgeons tion, 2 years, $70,000 • Thomas Fernandez, Unit, 4 years, $699,536 • Anthony Koleske, NIH, $334,998 • Nicola Santoro, NIH, Mechanisms of Health Policy Scholarship to Attend the Course Eunice Yuen, Brain & Behavior Research Founda- Control of Dendritic Spine Stability via Regulation Obesity and Its Metabolic Complications in Youth, Leadership Program in Health Policy and Manage- tion (formerly NARSAD), Somatic Mosaicism and of a Stable Actin Pool, 5.2 years, $1,971,039 5 years, $1,901,497 • Jason Schwartz, NIH, ment, 1 year, $2,800 • Carmen Booth, The John B. Copy Number Variation in Obsessive-Compulsive Anthony Koleske, Michael Higley, NIH, Impact of Medicine by Committee: Expert Advice and Pierce Laboratory (NIH), Evaluating the Therapeu- Disorder, 2 years, $69,020 • Erol Fikrig, New York Excitatory Synapse Maturation on Synaptic Plas- Health Care in Modern America, 2 years, $93,172 tic Potential of Vagal CART Circuitry for Treating Medical College (NIH), The Role of UBXNs in Anti- ticity and Stability, 5 years, $2,362,914 • Peter William Sessa, NIH, Insights into the Molecular Metabolic Disease, 7 months, $3,223 • Marc viral Immunity, 7 months, $45,225 • Sarah Fine- Krause, Sukanya Narasimhan, NIH, Determining and Cellular Mechanisms Governing Endothelial Brackett, Pure Edge, Integrating Mindfulness and berg, American Foundation for Suicide Preven- the Health Burden of Borrelia Miyamotoi with a Function, 7 years, $6,612,025 • Robert Sherwin, Compassion with Emotional Intelligence Training, tion, Pilot Study of Ketamine to Reduce Suicidality Next-Gen Diagnostic Assay, 2 years, $470,983 Jonathan Bogan, Richard Flavell, Kevan Herold, 1.3 years, $100,000; Anthony & Jeanne Pritzker in Borderline Personality Disorder, 2 years, $84,995 Irina Krykbaeva, NIH, Modeling the Immune Raimund Herzog, Tamas Horvath, William Phil- Family Foundation, Trauma-Informed Social Emo- Francine Foss, Elias Lolis, Drs. Martin and Dorothy Response to Melanoma Brain Metastases in Mice, brick, Gerald Shulman, William Tamborlane, Li tional Learning in LAUSD: Integrating RULER and Spatz Charitable Foundation Trust, Chemokine 3 years, $58,980 • Alan Lewis, NIH, A Transla- Wen, NIH, Yale Diabetes Research Center, FOCUS, 2 years, $408,470 • James Brewer, Ameri- Receptor Antagonists for Cutaneous T-cell Lym- tional Approach to Understand Hippocampal 4.9 years, $8,374,991 • Gerald Shulman, NIH, Glu- can Cancer Society, Investigating Nuclear Inflam- phoma, 1 year, $200,000 • Abigail Friedman, Neural Circuitry Regulating Impulsive Aggression, cagon Regulation of Hepatic Mitochondrial Activ- masome Effector Functions, 3 years, $163,500 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, A Compre- 5 months, $56,593 • Chiang-Shan Li, NIH, Imaging ity and Glucose Metabolism by InsP3R-1, 3.9 years, Emanuela Bruscia, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation hensive Approach to Tobacco Policy in the Age of the Monoaminergic Midbrain and Cognitive $1,675,000 • Frederick Sigworth, NIH, Curricu- (CFF), Ezrin and Macrophage Dysfunction in E-Cigarettes, 3 years, $337,679 • Charles Fuchs, Control in Cocaine Addiction, 2 years, $367,500 lum: Principles of Cryo-EM Structure Determina- Cystic Fibrosis, 2 years, $260,000 • Linda Cantley, Mandar Muzumdar, Lustgarten Foundation for Judith Lichtman, NIH, Disparities in Patterns of tion, 3 years, $372,120 • Sandra Springer, NIH, Stanford University, Fee-for-Service Agreement Pancreatic Cancer Research, Obesity-driven Recurrent Stroke in the Elderly, 4 years, $2,750,809 Evaluations of Medication Assisted Treatments Between Linda Cantley and Stanford University, PDAC: A Comprehensive Study to Define New Haifan Lin, NIH, Function of PIW1/Argonuate Pro- for Substance Use Disorders Among Persons 1 year, $41,835 • Michael Cappello, Texas Tech Targets for Prevention and Therapy, 2 years, teins in Spermatogenesis, 4.9 years, $2,197,771 Living with and at Risk for HIV Infection, 5 years, University, Proof of Concept Trial of Sm-p80/ $736,062 • Kathleen Garrison, The Mind & Life George Linderman, NIH, Efficient Methods for $619,190 • Serena Spudich, NIH, Single Cell GLA-SE Schistosomiasis Vaccine, 1.2 years, $51,855 Institute, A Real-Time fMRI Study to Link

6 www.medicineatyale.org Subjective Experience with Brain Network Control, 1 year, $14,047 • Robert King, Rutgers, Surgery, Role CXCR3 Agonists in the Generation Mental Health Climate in Early Child Care and Dynamics During Craving, 2 years, $14,999 • Joel the State University of New Jersey (NIH), 1/7-Col- of Autoreactive B Cells in Scleroderma Patients, Education Settings, 1.5 years, $7,500 • Aaron Gelernter, Johns Hopkins University School of laborative Genomic Studies of Tourette Disorder, 1 year, $50,000 • Wajahat Mehal, Pfizer Inc., U.S. Ring, Gabrielle’s Angel Foundation for Cancer Medicine (NIH), Fine Mapping a Gene Subnet- 10 months, $52,051 • Steven Kleinstein, Icahn Pharmaceuticals Group, Conducting Fibroscan to Research, Hacking Cytokine Pathways for Preci- work Underlying Alcohol Dependence, 1 year, School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS) Assess Liver Stiffness, 1.9 years, $269,560 • Peggy sion Cancer Immunotherapy, 3 years, $225,000 $65,342 • Mark Gerstein, Valerie Reinke, Univer- (NIH), Identification, Standardization and Dissem- Myung, American Cancer Society, Using Live Doug Rioux, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, sity of Washington, Seattle (NIH), Creating Com- ination of HIPC Immune Signatures, 1 year, Imaging to Reveal Novel Mechanisms to Suppress Identification and Characterization of Chemo- prehensive Maps of Worm and Fly Transcription $100,500; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Skin Cancer, 4 years, $792,000 • Rachel Nelson, sensory Neurons Involved in Respiration in the Factor Binding Sites (wormfly2), 3.8 years, Sinai (ISMMS) (NIH), Dengue Human Immunology Lupus Foundation of America, Modulation of Model Organism Drosophila melanogaster, $692,586 • Michael Girardi, Drs. Martin and Project Consortium (DHIPC) - Development of Antiphospholipid Antibody-induced Trophoblast 1 year, $38,000 • Harvey Risch, Cedars-Sinai Dorothy Spatz Charitable Foundation Trust, Preci- HIPC Data Standards, 1 year, $108,875 • Melissa Inflammatory Response by Infectious Compo- Medical Center (NIH), Expediting the Diagnosis sion Medicine Approach to the Treatment of Knauert, American Sleep Medicine Foundation, nents, 4 months, $4,000 • Laura Niklason, Foun- of Pancreatic Cancer Leveraging Big Data, 1 year, CTCL, 1.5 years, $119,403 • Giovanna Guerrero- Daytime Bright Light, Circadian Abnormalities, dation for Anesthesia Education & Research, $16,634 • Cai Roberts, American Cancer Society, Medina, University of Puerto Rico en Cayey (NIH), and Delirium in Medical Intensive Care Unit Medical Student Anesthesia Research Fellowship Crosstalk between p53 and TWIST in Chemo- Enhancing Research Training Through Empower- Patients, 2 years, $249,985 • Emma Knowles, Brain 2018, 5 months, $4,200 • Maria O’Connell, State resistant Ovarian Cancer, 3 years, $163,500 ment, Resilience, and Civic Engagement, 1 year, & Behavior Research Foundation (formerly of CT Dept of Mental Health and Addiction Ser- Kurt Schalper, Case Western Reserve University $86,145 • Hilary Hahn, International Association NARSAD), Peripheral Versus Central Levels of vices, Emergency Rooms, Recovery Coaches and (NIH), Computerized Histologic Risk Predictor of Chiefs of Police, IACP Changing Minds Project, Phospholipids and Their Compounds: Validating MAT: Statewide Comparisons, 1 year, $250,000 (CHiRP) For Early Stage Lung Cancers, 2 years, 1.7 years, $150,000 • Ruth Halaban, Alfred Both- Potential Biomarkers of Affective Disorders Using Patrick O’Connor, Boston Medical Center (NIH), $28,705 • Martin Schwartz, New York Univer- well, Jian Cao, Qin Yan, Melanoma Research Alli- a Combination of Mass Spectrometry and Spec- Advancing Clinical Research Training within sity (NIH), Altered Mechanotransduction as a ance, Patient Focused Therapy for Acral Mela- troscopy, 10 months, $34,731 • Gary Kupfer, Addiction Residency Programs, 1.3 years, $69,396 Therapeutic Target for Thoracic Aortic Aneu- noma, 3 years, $800,000 • Nicola Hawley, Brown American Society of Hematology, Novel Mecha- Hasan Oez, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF), Role rysm, 5 years, $510,952 • Esen Sefik, Damon University (NIH), Impact of the Obesity-risk nisms of Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemai, of miR-199a-5p in CF Chronic Lung Inflammation Runyon Cancer Research Foundation, The Effect CREBRF p.Arg457 Variant on Energy Expenditure, 1.5 years, $150,000; Icahn School of Medicine at and Remodeling, 2 years, $128,550 • Tess of Microbes, Diet on the Intestinal Immune Intake, and Substrate Utilization in Samoans, Mount Sinai (ISMMS), Regional Hemophilia O’Meara, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, System in the Context of Obesity and Cancer, 2 years, $418,500 • Roy Herbst, Columbia Univer- Network, 1 year, $18,826 • Audrey Leasure, Ameri- Characterizing the Anti-tumor Immune Response 4 years, $231,000 • Cortlandt Sellers, Radiologi- sity (NIH), Integrating Radionics into S0819 and can Heart Association, Variations within Deep in Triple Negative Breast Cancers of African cal Society of North America, Immune-Profiling Lung-MAP, Biomarker Driven Clinical Trials for Intracerebral Hemorrhage, 3 months, $2,000 American and Non-African American Women and Loco-Regional Therapy for Hepatocellular Lung Cancer, 5 years, $85,985 • Kenneth Hoehn, Rafael Lefkowitz, Association of Occupational Through Cell Population and Genomic Methods, Carcinoma, 3 months, $3,000 • Andrew Sewell, Pharmaceutical Research & Manufacturers of and Environmental Clinics, Development of a Con- 1 year, $38,000 • John Onofrey, ZMK Medical Medical Device Business Services, Tuition/ America (PhRMA) Foundation, Evolutionary tinuing Education Module in Environmental and Technologies, Inc. dba Eigen (NIH), Image Analysis Travel Grant Andrew Sewell, 2 months, $1,700 Models of B Cell Migration and Differentiation, Occupational Medicine on Health Concerns Tools for mpMRI Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Using Eugene Shapiro, Rhode Island Hospital (NIH), 2 years, $80,000 • Jun Young Hong, Cancer Related to Asthma, 7 months, $25,001 • Angela PI-RADS, 1 year, $157,609 • Lubna Pal, The John B. Trial of Oral Antibiotics for the Treatment of Research Institute, Developmental Programming Lek, Muscular Dystrophy Association, Identifying Pierce Laboratory (NIH), Mechanisms of Hyper- Childhood Lyme Meningitis, 1 year, $10,162 of T Cell Immunity and Cancer Susceptibility, Genetic Modifiers of FSHD, 2.5 years, $155,000 tension in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syn- Arietta Slade, Metodecentret - Center for Inno- 3 years, $175,500 • Cristian Ionita, Parent Project Becca Levy, Patrick and Catherine Weldon Dona- drome, 1.9 years, $51,627 • Candice Paulsen, Inter- vation og Metodeudvikling, MTB Metodecen- Muscular Dystrophy, CDCC Liaison Grant Award, ghue Medical Research Foundation, Creating the national Association for the Study of Pain, tret Agreement, 6 years, $813,740 • Dana Small, 1 year, $22,000 • Christopher Jackson, Howard Community Health Empowerment Site (CHES), Uncovering the Regulation of TRPA1 by Irritants University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Hughes Medical Institute, Synthetic Sensitization 1.5 years, $59,895 • Jaechul Lim, Human Frontier and Proteins, 1 year, $20,000 • Peter Peduzzi, Uni- (NIH), Neurobehavioral Plasticity to Regular of MGMT-methylated Tumors to Temozolomide Science Program Organization, Deciphering the versity of California, Los Angeles, Comparative Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake: An fMRI Using DNA Repair Inhibitors, 1 year, $38,000 Mechanism and Significance of Common Stress Effectiveness of Health System-based versus Experiment, 1 year, $29,011 • Angeliki Stama- Daniel Jane-Wit, Vasculitis Foundation, Endothe- Program, 3 years, $175,020 • Haifan Lin, Connecti- Community-based Dementia Care, 5 years, touli, Endocrine Fellows Foundation, Proposal lial Cell Inflammasomes in ANCA-Associated Vas- cut Innovations, Continued Support and Technol- $3,345,754 • Rafael Perez-Escamilla, PATH (path. for Testing Electronic Health Record-enabled culitis, 2 years, $50,000 • Ania Jastreboff, Ameri- ogy Development for Shared Core Facilities at the org), The Maternal and Child Survival Program in Management of Diabetes with Telemedicine, can Diabetes Association, Effect of Liraglutide on Yale Stem Cell Center, 1.1 years, $500,000 • Kasia Mozambique, 1.1 years, $64,489 • Quentin Perre- 1 year, $5,000 • Michael Strambler, University of Neural Responses to High Fructose Corn Syrup in Lipska, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute noud, Brain & Behavior Research Foundation Connecticut, PDG evaluation, 1.2 years, $143,918 Obese Adolescents with Prediabetes, 2 years, (NIH), Severe Hypoglycemia: Ascertainment, Sur- (formerly NARSAD), Disruption of Peri-Neuronal Joann Sweasy, American Cancer Society, Yale $276,000 • Ryan Jensen, New York University veillance and Pharmacovigilance, 1.4 years, $25,016 Nets in a Model of Schizophrenia, 2 years, $70,000 Comprehensive Cancer Center ACS Institutional School of Medicine, Elucidating the Replication Jun Liu, East Carolina University (NIH), Delinea- Richard Pierce, Charles H. Hood Foundation, Research Grant, 3 years, $360,000 • Tamara Fork Protection Problem Caused by PARP Inhibi- tion of Unique Flagellar Proteins in Spirochetes, Assessment and Mechanisms of Blood Vessel Taggart, FHI 360 (NIH), The Influence of Religi- tors in BRCA2-mutated Ovarian Cancers, 3 years, 4 years, $142,375 • Patricia LoRusso, Rising Tide Dysfunction in Critically Ill Children, 2 years, osity and Other Psychosocial Factors on HIV $525,000 • Lucia Jilaveanu, Indiana University Foundation, Phase 2 Study of PARP Inhibition and $150,000 • Christopher Pittenger, Nancy Taylor Risk Behaviors among Black Men Who Have Sex (NIH), Epigenetic Mechanisms of Drug Resistance Anti-PD-L1 Therapy in BRCAmt TNBC, 2.5 years, Foundation for Chronic Diseases, Targeted With Men, 4 months, $26,174 • Christian Tschudi, in Renal Cell Carcinoma, 5 years, $33,804 • Jason $779,845 • Amanda Lowell, Amanda Van Scoyoc, Neurofeedback: A Novel Nonpharmacological University of Connecticut Health Center (NIH), Johannesen, Hartford Hospital (NIH), Mecha- American Psychological Foundation, Understand- Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Gene Expression Control by Trypanosome nisms of Hyperventilation in Anxiety Disorders, ing Stigma Surrounding Pregnant Women with 2 years, $216,000 • Krystal Pollitt, McGill Univer- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase CRK9, 1 year, $37,296 1.8 years, $43,038 • Nikhil Joshi, Melanoma Substance Use Disorders, 1.3 years, $19,622 sity, Identifying and Evaluating New Environmen- Flora Vaccarino, Blackswan Foundation, Gene Research Alliance, Investigating the Mechanistic Carrie Lucas, Immune Deficiency Foundation, tal Risk Factors for Cancer, Cardiovascular and Targets of FOXG1 in Human Brain Progenitors, Basis for Tumor Immunogenicity in Melanoma, Novel Signaling Aberrations in a Novel Primary Neurological Diseases through Innovative 1 year, $130,641 • Eric Velazquez, Duke Univer- 3 years, $225,000 • Karen Jubanyik, New York Immunodeficiency Disorder, 1 year, $50,000 Approaches to Population Based Exposure, sity (NIH), STICHES, 9 months, $78,780 • Naren- University School of Medicine (NIH), Primary Palli- Maricar Malinis, Johns Hopkins University (NIH), 4 years, $123,218 • Vinod Ramgolam, L2 Diagnos- dra Wajapeyee, University of Massachusetts ative Care for Emergency Medicine, 1 year, $10,360 HOPE in Action Prospective Multicenter, Clinical tics (NIH), SBIR: Therapeutic Inhibition of MIF to Medical School (NIH), A Novel Druggable Epi- Amy Justice, Vanderbilt University Medical Trial of HIV+ Deceased Donor Kidney Transplants Restore Glucocorticoid Response, 1.5 years, genetic Vulnerability Pathway in HCC, 1 year, Center, Clinical and Genetic Determinants of for HIV+ Recipients, 1.6 years, $7,500 • Robert $136,347 • Julie Ramseier, Howard Hughes Medi- $233,887 • Joshua Warren, Emory University Peripheral Artery Disease, Microvascular Disease, Malison, Brain & Behavior Research Foundation cal Institute, Elucidating the Role of Interleukin-6 (NIH), Extreme Heat Events and Pregnancy and Major Adverse Limb Outcomes, 1 year, (formerly NARSAD), Imaging Complement Com- Signaling in the Anti-Melanoma Immune Duration: A National Study, 1 year, $47,994 $43,705 • Naftali Kaminski, National Jewish ponent 4 (C4) Gene Dose Effects on Human Syn- Response, 1 year, $38,000 • Chin Reyes, The Adam Wisnewski, International Isocyanate Health (NIH), Use of Src Family Kinase Inhibitor aptic Density in Schizophrenia In Vivo using 11C- Chapin Hall Center for Children, Training on the Institute, PIP701: Glutathione Reactivity Assay Saracatinib in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibro- UCB-J PET, 2 years, $108,000 • David Matuskey, Climate of Healthy Interactions for Learning & with MDI Substances, 8 months, $83,904 • Yang sis, 1 year, $198,585 • Jason Karimy, Howard Cure Huntington’s Disease Institute Foundation Development (CHILD): A Tool to Assess the Yang-Hartwich, Colleen’s Dream Foundation, Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular Mechanisms (CHDI), [11C] UCB-J Positron Emission Tomogra- Mental Health Climate in Early Child Care and Effects of Exercise on Ovarian Cancer Progres- of TLR4-mediated CSF Hypersecretion in Post- phy (PET) Imaging of SV2A in Manifest Hunting- Education Settings, 6 months, $6,000; UNICEF sion, 1.3 years, $25,001 • James Yu, Alex’s Lem- Infectious Hydrocephalus, 1 year, $38,000 ton’s Disease (HD) Gene Expansion Carriers, New York, Technical Assistance Visual Analytics, onade Stand, Impact of Racial Disparities on Sur- Robert Kerns, Pro-Change Behavior Systems 1.4 years, $11,560 • James McPartland, Alan B. 1 year, $58,275; Michigan Public Health Institute vival for Children and Adolescents—a Gamma (NIH), Evidence-Based Pain Intervention for Vet- Slifka Foundation, Incidence of Abnormal Electro- (DHHS), CHILD Training in Michigan, 1 year, Knife Retrospective Population-Based Study, erans: Leveraging Mobile & Social Media, 1.2 years, retinograms (ERG) in Children with Autistic Disor- $38,440; University of Florida, PFP Evaluation, 2 months, $5,000 • Eunice Yuen, Jerome Taylor, $50,659 • Richard Kibbey, Monash University, der, 1 year, $108,195 • Ruslan Medzhitov, Broad 7 months, $49,999; Pennsylvania Key, Training on Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (formerly Got2 Be In It: Establishing a Link Between Liver Institute, Pathobiology of Food Allergy, 3 years, the Climate of Healthy Interactions for Learning & NARSAD), Inhibitory Synaptic Dysfunction in Integrative Metabolism and Systemic Metabolic $363,231 • Eric Meffre, Hospital for Special Development (CHILD): A Tool to Assess the Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2 years, $70,000

// Chair (page 1) Center, completed her elbow problems, treating patients in orthopaedic surgery—specifically the and matching to orthopaedic surgery residency in orthopaedic surgery at the from around the country and across underrepresentation of women. residencies at a rate of about 24%, University of Missouri Kansas City the globe. She is a world-renowned When she begins her appointment compared to the national average of and did a fellowship in hand surgery leader in patient-specific 3D surgical at the School of Medicine, Lattanza about 14%. Her goal is to reach 30% at Columbia College of Physicians and planning and technology for defor- will become one of only two current within the next three years. Surgeons/Roosevelt Hospital. She mity correction. She led a team that female chairs of orthopaedics in the Lattanza has received numerous did additional fellowship training in performed the world’s first elbow- U.S. In 2009, she co-founded the awards for both her clinical care and pediatric hand and upper extremity to-elbow transplant in 2016, trans- Perry Outreach Program to increase outreach efforts. She received UCSF’s surgery at Texas Scottish Rite Hospi- planting a patient’s left elbow into his exposure of high school girls to Compassionate Physician Award tal for Children in Dallas, Texas. She right arm to give him one functioning orthopaedic surgery and biomechani- in 2013 and Exceptional Physician joined the faculty of UCSF in 1999. extremity after a devastating accident. cal engineering. Now known as the Award in 2014, and the Jefferson “I have been impressed not only Lattanza frequently travels to Perry Initiative, the program is named Award for Community Service in with the people at Yale, but also Yale’s Nicaragua and other countries on after Lattanza’s mentor, Jacquelin 2014, and has been ranked by her forward thinking in terms of new ways mission trips to perform hand surgery Perry, MD, who was one of the first peers as a Bay Area Top Physician for of providing musculoskeletal care at a and is eager to expand upon the global women orthopaedic surgeons in multiple years. In addition to her other very high level and reaching all people initiatives already in place in her new the country. It began with 18 high leadership roles, she served as presi- who need that care,” she said. department at Yale. school girls in San Francisco and has dent of the Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Although Lattanza treats all Her research interests include 3D now reached more than 10,000 high Society in 2017 and is active in the conditions and traumatic injuries surgical planning for deformity cor- school, college, and medical students American Academy of Orthopaedic in the upper extremity, she special- rection, elbow instability, and other across the country. Lattanza’s research Surgeons, the American Society for izes in post-traumatic and congenital post-traumatic elbow conditions in has shown that young women who Surgery of the Hand, and the Ameri- reconstruction for pediatric and adult children and adults, as well as diversity complete the program are applying can Orthopaedic Association.

Medicine@Yale June/July 2019 7 A major gift to support LGBTQ-related work at YSPH

YSM alumnus’ donations experience what a meaningful, life- Professor of Public aid research, education, and changing event it is.” Health, and profes- Kessler recently made a gift of sor of pediatrics. “I global health interventions $200,000 to support the work of cannot think of a Yale School of Public Health (YSPH) higher impact pro- As a psychiatrist, David R. Kessler, Associate Professor John Pachankis, gram in which Dr. MD ’55, understands the swirl- PhD, and his Esteem Research Group, Kessler could invest ing mix of anxiety and fear that can which is dedicated to addressing the than Dr. Pachankis’ consume individuals who identify as depression, anxiety, and substance Esteem Program.” LGBTQ during their struggle to come use problems that disproportionately Pachankis’ re- out about their sexual orientation. affect the LGBTQ community and can search is dedicated to Kessler is not only trained in such erode healthy relationships and behav- delivering effective knowledge. He lived it. From the iors. A clinical psychologist, Pachan- LGBTQ-affirmative intense anxiety attacks he suffered as kis is internationally known for his mental health treat-

a closeted gay medical student in the development of novel psychosocial ments to populations fitzsousa michael 1950s to the fears of persecution he interventions to improve LGBTQ both in the United David Kessler (left) has pledged a gift of more than and other closeted gay doctors shared individuals’ mental health. States and around the world—such as $5 million to Yale School of Public Health to support work by John Pachankis (right) to reduce stigma in the 1970s, Kessler lived through a “I’m very supportive of his work those in rural Appalachia, China, and and improve the health of LGBTQ people, and en- turbulent time for LGBTQ people in not only in this country but inter- Eastern Europe. dow a professorship to enhance teaching, research, and training for mental health providers. American history. nationally, which is really unbeliev- Some of the programs Pachankis Now retired and living on the able,” says Kessler. “People around has initiated since arriving at Yale in he met with were not sure where the West Coast, Kessler publicly affirmed the world are dealing with issues 2013 involve improved training for funds should be directed or how they his sexuality in 1978. He helped related to coming out and John is mental health providers, delivering might be used, and Kessler chose launch the country’s first formal gay studying how it affects them in a sci- mental health treatment via the inter- instead to create the David R. Kessler doctors’ organization, the Bay Area entific and rigorous manner, which net and mobile applications, and find- Lectures in Lesbian and Gay Stud- Physicians for Human Rights. Kes- is very impressive.” ing ways to sustain such treatments in ies at his other alma mater, the City sler later served as president of the Kessler also is directing $5 mil- areas where LGBTQ stigma is present University of New York. National Gay Caucus of Members of lion from his estate to YSPH, part of and strong. A longtime supporter of Yale the American Psychiatric Association, which is intended for the creation of a “David’s journey inspires all of us School of Medicine, Kessler decided which became the American Associa- David R. Kessler Endowed Professor- to be as courageous and creative as his to make the estate gift to the School tion of Gay and Lesbian Psychiatrists. ship. The professorship and accom- generation has been in living proudly of Public Health after speaking with He now wants to help additional panying resource fund will support and meaningfully in the face of societal Vermund and YSM Deputy Dean and LGBTQ individuals who may be teaching and research associated with and emotional barriers,” says Pachan- Chief Diversity Officer Darin Lati- struggling to come out or who are improving LGBTQ mental health. kis. “For a lot of LGBTQ people, that more, MD, who introduced him to dealing with stigma, oppression, and “As a stigmatized minority in so- journey includes supporting the next Pachankis last year. other issues that have an impact on ciety, people who identify as LGBTQ generation of LGBTQ individuals.” “Now Yale is ready, willing, and their mental health. are subject to continuous assaults on Kessler says he was interested in able with a research program in full “Coming out was a fantastic ex- their self-esteem and sense of belong- creating something at Yale for years, swing that is very close to my heart,” perience for me and that’s why I’m so ing in their families, schools, and but it took two tries to get it done. Kessler says. “I am delighted to be interested in helping others,” Kessler workplaces,” says Sten H. Vermund, The first time he approached the uni- able to come back and do it even big- says, “because I realized from my own MD, PhD, dean and M.R. Lauder versity in the early 1990s, the people ger and better.”

// Gift (page 1) to pursue essential “When in that state, the animal be- how they function could, for in- questions and find new strategies for comes highly resistant to stressors and stance, allow physicians to engage Awards & Honors improving human life,” said Robert J. damage,” Medzhitov said. their protective benefits in situations James Rothman, Alpern, MD, dean and Ensign Profes- Similar programs are essential to where they are needed. Imagine PhD, chair and sor of Medicine. “I am grateful for the our own physiological toolkit. For ex- being able to better prepare the Sterling Profes- foundation’s many contributions.” ample, we see their effects in comas body for an intense and complicated sor of Cell Biology, and professor of “The Blavatnik Family Founda- —initiated during severe threats to surgery, to protect organs that are chemistry, has been tion has been an enthusiastic and human survival—and protective effects being harmed by disease, or to limit named to the Royal longstanding supporter of science at that have been observed with fasting. damage resulting from a heart attack Society, a fellow- Yale, and I thank Len Blavatnik for Medzhitov’s research group is or stroke. ship of many of his continued generosity,” said Yale now tackling several fundamental A deeper understanding of main- the world’s most eminent scientists, and the oldest President Peter Salovey, PhD ’86. questions about survival programs, tenance programs could also allow scientific academy in continuous When the surrounding environ- including the control of maintenance doctors to boost them when they existence. He is one of seven foreign ment is ideal—food and water are programs, how cells enter mainte- begin to fade. As we age, mainte- members among the 50 new members plentiful, the temperature is neither nance modes, which maintenance nance programs wane, and without announced in April. Rothman shared too hot nor too cold, there are no programs contribute to aging, and them, our bodies become susceptible the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on how molecu- harmful pathogens, toxins, or preda- whether sleep—the primary function to age-related complications and dis- lar messages are transmitted inside tors—our bodies can put resources of which is still unknown—is a type ease. “If we understand how to en- and outside of our cells. toward growth and reproduction. of periodic maintenance program. hance maintenance programs, how Paul E. Turner, PhD, But when the environment becomes Another avenue of investiga- to prolong their action, our bodies Elihu Professor of unfavorable and we lack necessary tion involves which brain circuits will be able to run longer,” Medzhi- Ecology and Evo- nutrients or are faced with threats, control maintenance programs. The tov explained. “There are many lutionary Biology, maintenance programs, which hypothalamus, which governs many important reasons why understand- and professor of conserve or reallocate the body’s re- processes including appetite and ing these functions is really critical, microbiology, has been elected to the sources in order to promote survival, temperature, also controls growth and not just from the basic perspective, National Academy take over. reproduction. “Because the hypothala- but also regarding their applications of Sciences as well In the animal world, one striking mus controls two of the three biological to medicine.” as the American example of this process is hibernation. programs, it’s likely the hypothalamus “The Blavatnik Family Founda- Academy of Arts and Sciences. Turner As temperatures drop, some animals controls the third as well,” said tion is committed to supporting studies the evolutionary genetics and genomics of viruses. His lab’s engage in life-prolonging tactics— Medzhitov, who is exploring that research that has the potential to work has advanced the use of phage lowering body temperature, respira- hypothesis in the lab. “The continued significantly improve human health,” therapy—bacteria-killing viruses—to tion, and heart rates, and passing support of the Blavatnik Family Foun- said Blavatnik. “By deepening our combat infection, and also knowledge months without water, while gaining dation will enable my lab to pursue understanding of human biology, the of how viruses evolutionarily adapt remarkable abilities to fight infection, these essential questions and find new work taking place at Yale will iden- to overcome such new challenges as emergence on novel host species, heal wounds, and withstand below- strategies for improving human life.” tify important new approaches for transmission via new arthropod vec- freezing temperatures—abilities that Understanding human mainte- preventing and treating illness and tors, survival at elevated tempera- Medzhitov likens to superpowers. nance programs is crucial. Knowing promoting longer, healthier lives.” tures, or changes in host immunity.

8 www.medicineatyale.org