VOLUME 34 | NUMBER 4 | WINTER 2005

NatureA L B E R T A ’ S N A T U R A L H I S T O R Y R E V I E W

BALDY MOUNTAIN (NEAR NORDEGG) BONNIE MULLEN PHOTOGRAPHED ON OCTOBER 23, 2004 USING A CANON A80 DIGITAL CAMERA

feature article Winter Pronghorn on their Northernmost Range

FEDERATION OF ALBERTA NATURALISTS

WINTER 2005 1

The Federation of Alberta Naturalists is composed of natural history clubs from across the province. The aims of the Federation are: (a) To encourage among all Albertans, by all means possible, an increase in their knowledge of natural history and understanding of ecological processes; (b) To promote an increase in the exchange of information and views between natural history clubs and societies in Alberta; (c) To foster and assist in the formation of additional natural history clubs and societies in Alberta; (d) To promote the establishment of natural areas and nature reserves, to conserve and protect species, communities or other features of interest; (e) To organize, or coordinate symposia, conferences, field meetings, Contents nature camps, research and other activities whether of a similar or dissimilar nature; President’s Page...... 2 (f) To provide the naturalists of Alberta with a forum in which questions relating to the conservation of the natural environment may be discussed, so that united positions can be developed on them, and to provide the means of translating these positions into appropriate Word Search ...... 2 actions.

Editor’s Page ...... 4 BOARD OF DIRECTORS PAST PRESIDENT: Margaret Coutts, 8 Pinewood Cl., Red Deer, AB T4P 1K1 PRESIDENT: Dennis Baresco, Box 2513, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8G8 Alberta Issues ...... 6 VICE PRESIDENT: Sandra Foss, Box 1109, Cochrane, AB T4C 1B2 SECRETARY: Coral Grove, 3423-136 Ave., Edmonton, AB T5A 2W3 TREASURER: Margaret Coutts, 8 Pinewood Cl., Red Deer, AB T4P 1K1 APPOINTED DIRECTORS: Harvey Gardner, Don Stiles, Dennis Baresco, Winter Pronghorn on their Northernmost Range.... 10 Sandra Foss ELECTED DIRECTORS: Elaine Gordon (ANPC); Wayne Kinsella, (BLN); Scott Jubinville (CFNS); Jim Lange, (EBC); Coral Grove (ENHC); Grant Henry 2004 Federation of Alberta Naturalists Awards ...... 13 (FMFNS); Dawn Dickinson, (GN); Jerrold W. Sykes (LLBBS); Lloyd Bennett (LNS); Margot Hervieux (PPN); Margaret Coutts (RDRN); Stu Heard (VRN). Book Review: The Buffalo Wolf…Predators, CORPORATE MEMBER CLUBS Prey and the Politics of Nature ...... 16 Alberta Native Plant Council, Box 52099, Garneau P.O. Edmonton, AB T6G 2T5 Buffalo Lake Naturalists, Box 1802, Stettler, AB T0C 2L0 A Hammerhead Snake?...... 17 Calgary Field Naturalists’ Society, Box 981, Calgary, AB T2P 2K4 Edmonton Nature Club, Box 1111, Edmonton, AB T5J 2M1 Fort McMurray Field Naturalists’ Society, 152 Cote Bay, Fort McMurray, AB FANs Club Page ...... 18 T9H 4R9 Grasslands Naturalists, Box 2491, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8G8 Lac La Biche Birding Society, Box 1270, Lac La Biche, AB T0A 2C0 Lethbridge Naturalists’ Society, Box 1691, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4K4 Peace Parkland Naturalists, Box 1451, Grande Prairie, AB T8V 4Z2 Naturalists, Box 785, Red Deer, AB T4N 5H2 Vermilion River Naturalists, 6510 - 53 Avenue, Vermilion, AB T9X 1X7 NATURE ALBERTA VOLUME 34, NUMBER 4, WINTER 2005 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE FEDERATION OF ALBERTA NATURALISTS, ASSOCIATE MEMBERS: 11759-GROAT ROAD, EDMONTON, AB T5M 3K6 Beaverhill Bird Observatory Friends of PHONE.780.427.8124 FAX.780.422.2663 Beaver River Naturalist Club Heritage Tree Foundation [email protected] Big Lake Environmental Support Society Lesser Slave Lake Bird Observatory BowKan Birders Purple Martin Conservancy SUBSCRIPTION $20.00 PER YEAR Crooked Creek Conservancy Society of Riverlot 56 Natural Areas Society Alberta Stewards of Alberta’s Protected Crowsnest Environmental Action Areas Association EDITOR.BRIAN PARKER 11759 GROAT ROAD, EDMONTON, AB T5M 3K6 Society The Wagner Natural Area Society [email protected] Edmonton Naturalization Group Wildrose Outdoor Club Fort Saskatchewan Naturalists Society Wood Buffalo Wild Bird Club EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.GLEN SEMENCHUK Friends of Blackfoot Society EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT.KAREN RIMNEY We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of PRINTING PERCY PAGE CENTRE ISSN 0318-5440 through the Publication Assistance Program (PAP), toward our mailing costs. DEADLINES FOR FAN PROJECT REPORTS ARE: CANADA POST AGREEMENT NO. 40015475 ALBERTA CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS.JANUARY 30 PUBLICATION MAIL REGISTRATION NO. 09839 MAY SPECIES COUNT - BIRDS AND MAMMALS.JULY 15 FAN,11759 GROAT ROAD, EDMONTON, AB T5M 3K6 EDITORIAL DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed by the authors in this publication do not MAY SPECIES COUNT - PLANTS.JULY 15 necessarily reflect those of the editor and the Federation of Alberta ELAINE GORDON, 15216-74 STREET, EDMONTON, AB T5C 0Y7 Naturalists. The editor reserves the right to edit, reject or withdraw COMPILER COOPERATION IS GREATLY APPRECIATED. arcticles submitted. While due care will be taken of all manuscripts, photos or artwork submitted, FAN cannot be held responsible for any loss or damage to such articles. 2 NatureAlberta

PRESIDENT’S PAGE

Toasting FAN, Alberta & Einstein BY DENNIS BARESCO

Gosh, so much is going on that it is hard to keep track of it all. All kinds of birthday celebrations are in progress.

Alberta is 100 years old and the arms and legs - keep FAN Nature Canada, just before many celebratory projects are moving, keep her active, and the writing this. A few of the articles underway. Saskatchewan is also fingers and toes (Associate were very encouraging, a hundred; I’m sure lots is Clubs, of course) keep the including Caroline Shultz’s happening “over there.” The balance. It is FAN’s central “Thinking Like An Island”, about really big birthday celebration in nervous system that holds it all merging “ecological forethought 2005 is the Federation of Alberta together. Without Executive with farm sense” on Pelee Naturalists: we are 35 years old! Director Glen Semenchuk, FAN Island. “Vintage Valley”, by Rick Our Annual General Meeting, set would be almost paralyzed. It’s Searle, could be positive. It’s for Edmonton on April 30, is the been suggested that if Glen lost about protecting habitat as a official party. Well no, we’re not that main vital nerve, Karen National Park in BC’s South celebrating with a meeting: there Rimney, he too would be Okanagan. If all things were will be a gala! Call Coral Grove incapacitated. equal and intelligence plus the or the FAN office for details. good of the whole community I think I’ve pretty well beaten trumped avarice plus selfishness, Thirty-five is pretty young for an that metaphor to death, but I did then the Park is a no-brainer. organization. FAN is still want to mention the other main maturing, still growing, still nerves - the office and project Of course, it’s not all good, but needs lots of nourishment. The staff who keep us aimed towards regarding three of the non- organization has a well- our objectives, and the volunteer encouraging articles, we’d be developed brain, in the form of blood that give FAN its warmth shocked if the view was positive: its Executive - and there’s about and stamina. Of course, we’re a) an Environment Minister to be a shot of organic brain always looking for new blood if (federal) who seems a bit stimulant when Sandra Foss you…okay, that’s enough! confused about what department takes over as President at the he’s in; b) yet another action by Another group, with which FAN AGM. The heart - the directors - Department of Fisheries & is affiliated, just finished keeps pumping surely and Oceans (I’m talking about the celebrating: the Canadian Nature methodically: maybe a few Ottawa department, not the field Federation turned 65 last clogged arteries now and then, people) which is legendary for October and changed its name but that’s normal for a group of incompetence; and c) the never- to Nature Canada. I was reading any age. The Corporate Clubs - ending saga of the [insert your their magazine, also called WINTER 2005 3

own perceptive adjective] the world of physics. So, in honour Cheviot Mine. of Einstein, here’s a question for you. There’s a prize - truly, a nice Still, by the time you read this, it prize - to whoever can answer it might be Spring-like, and all correctly. Here goes: those people who like nature will have decided to stand up for nature. They’ll have written “If you could position yourself 10 minutes beyond the edge of the letters, phoned politicians, expanding universe, what would happen when the universe reached volunteered their “blood”, and watched proudly as they realize you?” THEIR actions actually made a ANSWER TO DENNIS: difference. I’ll bet the farm on it! [email protected]; fax (403) 526.6408 Oh, there’s one more birthday, maybe the biggest. It’s one I’ll credit where I got the question when I give the answer (and hundred years since Albert announce the winner) in the next issue. Go ahead; try to answer it; Einstein wrote the papers that you don’t need to understand the answer to win. Happy birthday to stunned and eventually changed all of you.

Word Search: Hoofed Mammals BY LAURIE LYWAK Circle the words found below. Words may be horizontal, vertical or diagonal and may be spelled backwards. The remaining letters can be rearranged to answer the following clue: Rutting behavior.

Antler Fawn Rut Bell Grunt Scrape Bison Odocoileus Stag Buffalo Oreamnos Stott Bugle Pellet Tine Caribou Ram Velvet Cervidae Rangifer Wapiti Elk Roadkill Yearling Ewe Ruminant

SOLUTION FOUND ON PAGE 18 4 NatureAlberta

EDITOR’S PAGE “He who appreciates is richer beyond words than he who possesses.” ANONYMOUS Two Birds BY BRIAN PARKER

The official ABRC list of Alberta birds now exceeds 400 species (coming in the Spring Issue), or several-fold more than this Editor can routinely identify without taking along a guidebook when walking in the woods. I’m not much of a birder (I have more interest in fish and herptiles) but birds do figure in several long-standing memories.

Just after completing my B.Sc. I was so striking I have On one early morning trip into spent a fair bit of time working remembered that otherwise Pipit Lake we saw a Golden in northern Manitoba. One insignificant incident ever since. Eagle top the ridgeline above summer I was stationed in a the lake and careen down the Another more recent memory one-tent camp near a remote 500 m high cliff-face behind the involves Golden Eagles. I walleye-spawning stream on lake, wings half-folded and worked out of a field camp near Southern Indian Lake (about seemingly falling through the air the Scotch Camp warden cabin half-way between Thompson just a few metres from the rock (in Banff park) for ten years and Churchill). The campsite face. The bird was traveling at beginning in 1991. My work was less than perfect, being tremendous speed when it would see me, and a small crew situated in a mosquito-infested reached the top of the slope we of summer assistants and sphagnum bog. On one were walking on. It turned graduate students, hike from the particularly bad day we decided towards us, continuing to move cabin into several alpine tarns in to stay put in the tent all day downslope, and passed by just the vicinity of Snow Pass three rather than venture out into the below us and probably less than or four times a week. Pipit Lake fog and rain. After hours of 10 m away. I recall the eagle was a frequent destination. The sitting next to the wood stove cocking its head slightly to look trip into the lake, about two trying to stay warm, I put on rain up at us as it passed. It hours from and 400-500 m above gear and stepped outside the continued on downslope for as the cabin is spectacular. The last tent, intending to get out for a far as our eyes could follow, 3 km traverse a 45o slope along few minutes even if the weather possibly heading for the narrow elk trails through a was miserable. To my surprise, a meadows on the west-facing patchwork of krummholz, scree male Yellow-rumped Warbler slopes of the Bare Range, where slopes, snow chutes and landed on the branch of a we often watched Golden Eagles fragments of alpine meadow. It nearby stunted spruce tree about hunting. A real hunter the was common to observe elk, 2 m away and started to sing. It Golden Eagle, quite unlike the bighorn sheep and grizzly bears. was a little blaze of colour and Bald Eagles we used to see at One summer we saw a female song in an otherwise quiet and nearby Harrison Lake, which grizzly and her cubs on at least a sombre landscape. The contrast seemed to spend endless hours dozen occasions. WINTER 2005 5

sitting in the krummholz along why birds are so often the prowess. And we marvel at the the lake shore, patiently waiting impetus that awakens an fortitude of the small and for a fish to die and its rotting interest in natural history in us. seemingly insignificant “dicky- carcass to float to the surface. We see mastery of the air at a birds”, which always appear to level we cannot achieve, be on the verge of being Given the vividness of these despite our technological swallowed up by the landscape. memories, it’s easy to understand

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Dear Editor; The article by Glen Semenchuk In the book “Waterfowl Perhaps environmentalists (Fall 2004) about the Woodland Tomorrow” (1964), John Madson should request one last open Caribou Recovery Plan, reported and C.H.D. Clarke stated: hunting season so the few remaining caribou and grizzlies a lack of meaningful action to “The consummate offence to can go out with a bang, rather save the mountain herds. I see a wildlife is not hunting, but the than a whimper. Albertans strong parallel to the current extirpation of species by an should also recognize that outcry to stop the grizzly hunt indifferent technology in which grizzlies and caribou are just the because about 30 years ago wildlife is wiped out — not by short list of species at risk. If hunters and environmentalists man’s passion — but by his single profits are the real Alberta were calling for a moratorium on minded devotion to a material priority, it would be more cost shooting caribou along the world in which wild creatures effective to predict the species foothills. Hunting closures didn’t have no place. It might be nobler that will survive the next thirty make much difference so the for man to deliberately hunt years - on a tree farm in the oil government continued to down the last wild creature in patch. develop (and reject) new one final declaration of value scientific recovery plans while than to sweep it away forever as CARL HUNT approving more habitat an unknown and unmourned destruction and ignoring technological casualty.” accumulated impacts. Dear Editor; Good-looking makeover! I’ve article heads are easier to read Only negative comment came been passing the magazine standing up. Deer mice were sort from a wolverine up the way, around, asking for comments. of noncommittal, although one who said it was boring. But I told me that she tried it for know for a fact that the bugger The local ducks think it’s great, nesting material and was happy can barely read. although the slick cover is a to learn that the paper is still of little hard to hold in webbed BEN GADD excellent quality. feet. The elk figure the larger 6 NatureAlberta

ALBERTA ISSUES

Off Highway Vehicles FAN, AOHVA In Nova Scotia, a committee of Alberta MLA’s would be wise to citizens from the natural history adopt similar measures. The and CCSA and off highway vehicle (OHV) government website, which has FAN, the Alberta Off Highway community has come up with 39 the executive summary, the 39 Vehicle Association (AOHVA) recommendations for MLA’s recommendations and the text and the Canadian Coalition for regarding OHV Issues, including of the final report in PDF Access and Stewardship (CCAS) safety, protection of the format is: http:// are planning a workshop/think environment, and trails. This is www.gov.ns.ca/vp/ohv/ tank in April 2005. The purpose an excellent document, and finalreport.htm is to convince the provincial government that it must take a lead role to implement and enforce legislation for the Laurentians Residents responsible use of off road recreational vehicles – from dirt Win Snowmobile Battle bikes, snowmobiles and personal watercraft to quads and Residents in St-Jovite, in the 1997. About 600 people will big wheels. This workshop will Laurentians north of Montreal, benefit from the ruling. The represent a variety of have won a 6-year fight to ban provincial government and recreational groups, professional snowmobiles in a local park. A the local municipal authority associations, agriculture, Quebec Superior Court judge will share the costs. In an 80- industry, enforcement and has ruled snowmobiles are a page decision, Langlois also government. Policy source of noise pollution and ruled snowmobiles can be recommendations for province- people who live within 100 m prohibited over a 40-kilometre wide consistency in legislation, of the “Petit Train du Nord” stretch in the Laurentians government leadership and Linear Park are entitled to between the towns of St. recommendation on process are $2,400 a year, retroactive to Faustin-Lac Carré and Labelle. expected outcomes. Access Management Plans The Ghost Access Management province. These groups recreational trails (motorized & Plan (GAMP) has not yet been submitted to the crown a non motorized users, such as completed. This process has request to meet together at cyclists, hikers, climbers and been bogged down for some one table, so that groups equestrians), random camping, time. Representatives from FAN understand each other’s professional outfitters groups and from the AOHVA, and the perspective, and will be more (some on horses, some in CCAS met early in January to inclined to work together on Hummers), trappers, the discuss concerns that the implementation of the petroleum industry and hunters. stakeholder groups are being GAMP. In the Ghost area, Conflicts occur when several played against each other in this there are timber permits, user groups are on the land at plan, and in others in the grazing leases and permits, the same time. WINTER 2005 7

ALBERTA ISSUES

Oil & Gas In December 2004, the Energy & industry, the proportion of wells facilities. A new LLR program is Utilities Board (EUB) issued a being properly abandoned has being developed to deal with new directive to companies to declined, compared to the large facilities such as oilsands properly abandon their wells number of new wells being mines and natural gas processing within certain timeframes and to drilled. plants. They are also looking at a specific standards. About 116,000 similar program for power plants All wells in the province must be wells and 300,000 km of pipeline and electric transmission lines. inspected and graded as to their (some abandoned 25 years ago) risk level, in terms of public Industry can reduce its levies by need to be checked to ensure safety and the environment. reducing its liabilities - by that the abandonments were Inactive high-risk wells must be properly abandoning facilities done properly. properly abandoned by the end that are no longer in use. There Old or improperly sealed wells of 2005 and certain sour gas are at least 42,000 oil & gas and pipelines could leak to the wells within 6 months. wells, and 7,000 petroleum surface or downhole, which facilities around the province Financing for the abandonment could possibly contaminate that are inactive and waiting to of wells is done through the groundwater. be properly abandoned so they EUB’s licensed liability rating do not pose health risks to the Last year 18,350 new wells were (LLR) program, which means all public or environmental risks. drilled, but only about 1160 companies pay an annual levy This issue will continue to be a abandoned. Despite record based on how much it would concern as the oil and gas earnings in the petroleum cost to abandon all wells and industry winds down in Alberta. 8 NatureAlberta

ALBERTA ISSUES

Coal Market Action Luscar and Fording have In November 2004, In 2003, Kimberly-Clark produced resurrected the Kitsam/Bow Canada (www.greenpeace.ca and more than 1,275,000 tons of tissue City Coal Project. The project at www.kleercut.net) and the products in North America, of which will involve the mining of a Natural Resources Defense Council more than 30 percent came from massive coal seam running (NRDC) launched a campaign made from Canada’s boreal forest. Its from Bow City east towards against Kimberly-Clark for its best-known brandnames include Brooks. It would involve major role in logging Canada’s Kleenex, Scott, Cottonelle and Viva. mining activities on lots of boreal forest. The groups want the Only 19 percent of the fibre Kimberly- native mixed grass prairie. company, the world’s leading Clark uses in North America is Most of this land is owned tissue product manufacturer, to use recycled. more post-consumer recycled by the Eastern Irrigation The conservation groups are paper or agricultural residues in its District and other private demanding that Kimberly-Clark: interests. Construction is products. (For more information scheduled to start in 2007. A about Kimberly-Clark, go to http:// • Stop using wood fiber from new coal-fired power www.nrdc.org/media/ endangered forests in regions such as generating facility, with an pressreleases/041118b.asp. For the Canadian boreal forest. expected life of 40 years, will more information about the tissue • Stop producing tissue products using be established on the Kitsim product industry, go to http:// only virgin wood fibers and instead Reservoir (about 15 km east www.nrdc.org/media/ maximize the percentage of post- of Lake Newell) as well. pressreleases/041118a.asp.) consumer recycled content and Luscar Energy Partnership is “It takes 90 years to grow a box of agricultural residues. a 50/50 partnership between Kleenex, but only a few seconds • Buy from Forest Stewardship Council subsidiaries of Sherritt to throw away a tissue,” said eco-certified forestry operations for International Corp.& The Richard Brooks, Greenpeace the virgin wood fibers it does use. Ontario Teacher’s Pension Canada’s forests campaigner. “It’s (For more information about the Plan Board. wasteful and irresponsible to use Forest Stewardship Council, go to: virgin wood fibre from ancient http://www.fsc.org/fsc.) forests to make disposable tissue • Assure that none of its operations use products like Kleenex when it mercury-based pulping chemicals. could easily use recycled paper.” Saving water To encourage citizens to reduce minute, reducing water consumption their water consumption, the City by 40 per cent (standard of Calgary is offering a $50 showerheads use 9.5 litres per rebate to residents willing to minute, low-flow showerheads replace their conventional toilet average 7.6 litres per minute). The with a water-efficient model. All showerhead uses innovative communities should offer this technology to create a powerful incentive. shower stream without consuming a lot of water. The Bricor is not A new low-flow showerhead is available in retail stores but can available. The Bricor showerhead be purchased, upon request, consumes only 5.7 litres per from plumbing wholesalers. WINTER 2005 9

ALBERTA ISSUES

Mountain Pine Beetle The mountain pine beetle is Park, including at least 60 government staff and natural chewing its way into this hectares around the Hoodoos history volunteers to track the province as it migrates east campground. One hundred beetles for the last 3 years. from BC. Most of the years of fire suppression and Since 1996, beetles have lodgepole pine forest in recent mild winters have increased by 7-10 fold each Alberta has evolved without allowed the beetles to year. the presence of mountain proliferate. Due to large You are not permitted to carry pine beetle. Once the beetles infestations in Banff National pine logs with the bark on enter pines, they introduce Park, the forested Crown without special approval. Do blue stain fungus, which land of the southern east not take your own firewood to destroys the wood and the slopes is currently of the campgrounds to help prevent market for the wood. Our greatest concern to the the spread of this pest: To learn National Parks are heavily Alberta Forest Service. more: www3.gov.ab.ca/srd/ infested. Controlled burns in is forests/health/mpb.html Banff Park in 2003 were not also being closely monitored. hot enough to kill the beetles, If you notice yellow-green or Forest companies along the even though the fires got out red brown crowns in pines, eastern slopes are on the of control and burned more report it to: 1-877-927-BUGS alert and have been than planned. To the west, (2847). participating in volunteer large swaths of beetle-killed surveys with provincial pines will be cut in Yoho

Congratulations The first US$1 million Alcan practical impact on the and tree’ logo, as a way of Prize for Sustainability was pressing challenge of ensuring purchasers that the won by the Forest economic, environmental and paper was made from Stewardship Council (FSC). A social sustainability in wood substantial portion of this forestry.” harvested prize will go to FSC Canada from well- Speedfast Color Press Inc. of and the International Business managed Edmonton announces that Leaders Forum (IBLF). Robert forests. they are the first commercial Davies, CEO of the IBLF said printing company in Alberta “In our view, the FSC to obtain the Chain-of- exemplifies an environmental Custody Certification under and social NGO at the centre the FSC standards. This of an exceptional and certification will allow innovative partnership among Speedfast Color Press Inc. to business, the public sector, make use of FSC-certified and civil society to raise paper to print jobs with the business standards and have a FSC trademarked ‘checkmark 10 NatureAlberta

FEATURE ARTICLE Winter Pronghorn on their Northernmost Range BY BOB GAINER, FOREST GAINER, RHONDA MUNNS AND FRANC MES

Alberta’s northernmost pronghorn are found in the vicinity of Hanna, in south- central Alberta.

As I describe below, this fair snow cover accumulated. their buildings or livestock northern population of Overnight lows in January 2004 accommodations, but never of pronghorn seems more tolerant were routinely in the –40oC pronghorn. Even most barren- of adverse weather than the range with howling winds and land caribou head for the trees literature would indicate and it drifting snow. On January 22 the during the winter, only the has proven very adaptable in worst winter blizzard in 26 years ultimate in winter adapted responding to agricultural set in, followed by two weeks of species, like muskox and Peary’s development of its habitat. severe weather. After a short caribou stay out in the open for break, 2 more weeks of extreme the whole year. Highway 9, the Calgary to weather followed. In total there Saskatoon connector, is a major We expected that if the animals were almost 6 weeks of severe barrier to this population’s did not move south they would weather. The domestic livestock traditional southerly movement be found frozen, starved or in the area suffered severe in the late fall and winter of otherwise dead or dying in the privation even with all the food each year (Grue 2003). Every snowdrifts. We thought nothing and shelter humans could winter pronghorn groups build could survive that weather provide. up on the north side of this busy unprotected. But nothing could Highway in predictable locations The three groups of pronghorn be further from the truth. When (Gainer 1991, 1995, Gainer and that we knew of had no shelter we went looking for them they Hofman 1996). We located only provided. Pronghorn prefer to be were all up, alert and away at three pronghorn groups that out in the open, even in harsh our approach. By the middle of overwintered north of Highway weather. They bed in almost March and more moderate 9 in 2003/2004; 25 animals at the invisible indentations, usually in weather, we counted at least 19 Sunbeam turnoff 35 miles (58 the lee of snowdrifts and coulees of the 25 at the Sunbeam turnoff km) west of Hanna, 32 animals and don’t seek such shelter as and 29 of 32 at Wolf Creek. We on Wolf Creek 20 miles (35 km) windbreaks, buildings, trees, did not keep track of the north northwest of Hanna and shrubs or even buckbrush Stanmore group. There was very an estimated 20 animals 20 miles (snowberry or silver willow) little mortality. Probably more (35 km) east of Hanna near provide. For bedding they use survived than represented here, Stanmore. only cold ground or snow. as the late counts were not as Moose, buffalo and deer all head accurate as the early counts. The winter of 2003 started early for shelter of some kind during These pronghorn were clearly and was virtually without the storms. Most locals have stories tolerant of extended periods of customary warming and melting of these species taking refuge in severe weather. provided by chinooks, so that a “ In February, under a clear blue sky, a ground blizzard WINTER 2005 11 blowing on a north wind hid the Earth, and the whole world seemed one vast river of moving snow….” ANDY RUSSELL, THE CANADIAN COWBOY.

Winter Pronghorn on their Northermost Range…continued

The literature makes much of the importance of these non-native livestock industry. Hay bales left in importance of silver sage foods in this northern fields and stackyards are nibbled at (Artemisia cana) to pronghorn population’s diet (Gainer 1995). and when feed is spread onto the diet in the winter. However, in ground for livestock, the pronghorn Although grain is not the our area pronghorn rarely use it (and deer and moose) will pick preferred diet of pronghorn, if dryland cultivation is nearby. through it at night. If there is much wheat probably was important to Silver sage may be a diet of last snow they are often observed the winter survival of the herds resort in an agricultural following behind cattle, bison and north of Highway 9 in 2003/2004. landscape: pronghorn utilizing horses, which are better at The wheat harvest was good in silver sage are often observed to exposing the feed. 2003 and even old and poorly be in poor condition. During the secured bins were used to store However, despite the fact that severe winter of 1995-1996 the the grain. Some wheat was even pronghorn are very adaptable to animals that stayed north of piled on the ground. We cultivation and human influence of Highway 9 and relied on examined several bins and piles their environment, they are never farmland for their survival did and it was clear pronghorn were very far from some native prairie, much better than the animals that eating the grain. especially during the summer. moved south to silver sage dominated areas along the Red Wheat is supposed to be poor Pronghorns are at the northern Deer River (~10% and ~50% pronghorn feed (Yoakum and limit of their historical range near mortalities respectively, Gainer O’Gara 2000). It is difficult for any Hanna, but their numbers are low. and Hoffman 1996). species, even domestic farm Low population size seems not animals, to consume it ad lib. because of a shortage of habitat or Pronghorn much prefer sprouting Perhaps wheat is not a desirable food or space or poor winter leguminous plants, volunteer food to pronghorn and their survival, but from predation, grains and weeds in intake is limited enough that especially of newborns, by an summerfallow fields and winter pathology does not occur. increasingly large population of crops. Changes in farming However, considering the severe coyotes. After wolves were practices associated with the weather in 2003/2004, wheat eliminated from the prairies man abolition of the Crow Rate (a would have been a good source did a good job of controlling grain-shipping subsidy) in 1995 of calories with which to coyote numbers until about 1990, have been to the advantage of counteract the enormous loss of when the value of coyote pelts the pronghorn in this respect. heat to the environment. In dropped from ~$200 to $20, What was formerly a grain- northern Alberta and the southern primarily due to the anti-fur lobby. dominated landscape has become Northwest Territories domestic Now it is not worth the effort to much more a pea, lentil, canola livestock will survive any winter if trap or hunt them. Also fueled by and bean landscape to supply the adequately fed and sheltered. the by-products of intensive growing feedlot and swine Animals do not just freeze to livestock production (the carcasses industry. Also, where herbicides death, they have to be underfed of stock that don’t survive to were used to control weeds and as well. In severe weather an slaughter are often left to this volunteer regeneration, this cost increase in the grain ration helps handy cleanup committee) we now became less affordable. This all combat hypothermia, apparently see many more coyotes roaming benefited the pronghorn, which in both domestic livestock and the countryside. Many ground- seem to be most associated with northern pronghorn. dwelling animals and ground- non-cereal grain fields and their nesting birds also seem to have summerfallow. The literature Pronghorn north of Highway 9 decreased in abundance as a result. does not recognize the also take advantage of the 12 NatureAlberta

FEATURE ARTICLE

Winter Pronghorn on their Northermost Range…continued

England’s Farm Animal Welfare them, or animals like them, in a feed them grain to help them out. Council has five basic principles captive situation, but perhaps It would be easy to add a few for animal care: freedom from we should feel guilty for these supplements, like vitamins A and malnutrition; freedom from feelings. The animals at the D and dewormers if feed stations thermal or physical discomfort; local zoo are much better cared were promoted. And perhaps a freedom from injury and disease; for, even though it is under bounty for coyotes is needed, to freedom to express most normal constant scrutiny and criticism. restore the recent imbalance. The patterns of social behavior; and Is it necessary for pronghorn to latter might also benefit many freedom from fear. A.J.F.Webster, be wild and free, starving and other species. If not for humane formerly of the University of freezing to death, heavily reasons, wouldn’t hunting returns Alberta’s Agriculture Department parasitized and under constant justify it? and now at Bristol, compares hens threat of predation from in “battery cages” and sheep in unchecked coyote numbers? classic animal paradise grazing Do we actually pretend that LITERATURE CITED: contentedly in a meadow: “The there is natural regulation of Gainer, B. 1991. Changing patterns of British suburban sheep kept pronghorn populations? Their pronghorn occupation in the underfed over winter on a soaking wildness and naturalness are Hanna, Alberta area. Alberta Naturalist 21:103-5. pasture may be half starved, already compromised their uncomfortably cold and wet, occupation of and preference Gainer, B. 1995. Recent winter biology suffer from crippling foot rot and for farmland. of pronghorn near Hanna, parasitism, and be in constant Alberta. Alberta Naturalist 25:66-9. Perhaps a conservation danger of attack from marauding Gainer, B. and E. Hofman.1996. organization could look into dogs. It is however free to indulge Additional characteristic of the promoting a more humane in normal activities (like panic and winter biology of pronghorn near coexistence with pronghorn in Hanna, Alberta. Alta Naturalist flight), so has attracted less this area. Winter food for 26:54-5. concern from animal welfare pronghorn would be easy to Grue, M. 2003. On the trail of Alberta groups than battery hens.” supplement. Every winter they pronghorn. Alberta Conservation Driving through the countryside, aggregate along well-known Magazine 1:4. the sight of free roaming barriers including Highway 9, Yoakum, J.D. and B.W. O’Gara. 2000. pronghorn, North America’s the Red Deer River, and Pronghorn. In: Ecology and beautiful “gazelle” of wide-open Highway 1. In these locations a Management of Large Mammals in spaces, makes our spirits soar. few local farmers already leave North America. Eds S.Demarais Most of us don’t enjoy seeing strips of crops and forage, or and P.R. Krausman. 778 pp, p. 559-577. WINTER 2005 13 2004 Federation of Alberta Naturalists Awards

initiated a partnership between extraordinary. Her writings and Dawn Dickinson GN, PFRA and a Cypress Hills activities have allowed people to One of two Loran Goulden rancher to rehabilitate a see the grasslands more clearly and Memorial Awards was presented wetland in mixed grass prairie with greater understanding. She to Dawn Dickinson of Medicine at Bare Creek. Presently, she is has gained the respect of many of Hat. The award, which on the Elk Management Team. the area’s ranchers. She has kept recognizes long-term aggregate More than that, she is those responsible for grassland contributions to Alberta natural constantly in touch with Park management on their toes. Even history, is named for Loran L. managers to provide her when not directly successful, her Goulden, noted Alberta naturalist considerable expertise on tenacity and valid arguments “raise who died doing the work he management issues. the bar” and have had a long term, loved. Her accomplishments positive effect. Dawn is a Dawn has used her wide follow Loran Goulden’s example passionate and knowledgeable ranging skills, knowledge and of fostering amateur natural advocate who works tirelessly to expertise as a professional history study, contributing to our preserve the grasslands and the zoologist in virtually all knowledge of Alberta natural Cypress Hills. history, supporting conservation conservation initiatives that of Alberta’s natural heritage, have taken place in Dawn also has been part of the showing leadership and a southeastern Alberta in the last Sage Grouse Recovery Team, CFB willingness to share knowledge. 20 or so years. She has Suffield – Citizen’s Environmental exhibited a single minded Protection Committee of Project Dawn has been a key member of determination to base decisions Swiftsure, & feral horse committee, the Grasslands Naturalists (GN) on sound science. Dawn and Special Places 2000 for 20 years, and is the major Dickinson is widely respected nominations. In June 2003, Dawn player in their involvement in for her credibility and her received a Canadian Nature conservation issues. Dawn also integrity, and she will not be Federation Volunteer award, and in represents the GN on the FAN intimidated, nor abandon her Feb 2004 received the Alberta Board of Directors. Ms Dickinson principles. Prairie Conservation Award. has focussed her energy on the Cyprus Hills in recent years. She She writes to promote organized and chaired the conservation and has written Olga Droppo film scripts, reference booklets Cypress Hills Forest Management The second Loran Goulden Workshop, provided input into and brochures, and “Prairie River”, the excellent wildlife Memorial award was presented to the Cypress Hills Master Plan Olga Droppo of Calgary. revision, sat on Cypress Hills and canoe guide to the South Interprovincial Committee, & Saskatchewan River. Olga Droppo, longtime member of the Calgary Field Naturalists’ Research Steering Committee, Dawn Dickinson’s commitment Society (CFNS) and volunteer at the and numerous others. She to the grasslands has been 14 NatureAlberta

2004 Federation of Alberta Naturalists Awards…continued

Ann & Sandy Cross Conservation writing to teaching to research committee, and currently (for the Area, was honoured for decades to mentorship. Her well- last 3 years) sits on the Issues of work in the Calgary area. She rounded knowledge of the Committee. has contributed extensively to environment and natural history As a rancher, Harvey has a good local natural history literature. In is virtually unsurpassed. grasp of how agriculture and the 1980, she wrote the Carburn Park Previously she received the environment interact, and often chapter of “Calgary’s Natural CFNS President’s Award, and the offers meaningful insights on this Areas”, published by the Calgary Calgary Mayor’s Environmental in FAN meetings. He has been Field Naturalists’ Society. In 1988, award. Olga Droppo is a most involved with the Alberta Surface she published “A Field Guide to deserving recipient of the Loran Rights Federation for many years, Alberta Berries” which was L. Goulden Memorial award. and has been a vigorous reprinted in 1994. All proceeds defender of the landscape on a were directed to the Calgary Field In addition to awarding the Loren variety of fronts… recently Naturalists’ Society. Goulden Awards, three members of opposing attempts of petroleum In 1989, Olga saw a need and Alberta’s natural history community companies to drill wells in took action to computerize the were recognized for the significant nearby ranchlands. CFNS bird record database, and volunteer contributions they have made In the last 2 or 3 years, he has organized volunteers to help with to FAN. represented FAN on the Bison this project. Over ten years she Review Committee, Bill 16, & and spent at least one day a week at coalbed methane meetings. entering data and supervising Harvey Gardner Currently he is working, as part volunteers. 350,000 records were Harvey Gardner of Nanton has of the Oldman Basin Carnivore entered into the database – a been a long time director of Committee, on the problem of staggering 4000 hours plus of FAN. He began his involvement wolf kills (of cattle) with the volunteer time was required. in 1977 as an elected director representing the Alberta Defenders of Wildlife, to come She did the first plant and Speleological Society, which up with a solution so fewer wildlife inventory of the Ann & was the year that organization animals will be killed. He also is Sandy Cross Conservation Area, joined FAN as a member club. working with the Pekisko Group located southwest of Calgary. In 1994 and 1995 he served as on baseline studies of water and Olga still “keeps the lists” and President of FAN, and has air quality, and vegetation in continues to lead nature walks served as an appointed director southwestern Alberta. there and gives programs each since that time. year as part of their Conservation Education Programs. Harvey has served on many Ruth Kleinbub committees over the years. He For many Calgary area naturalists, Ruth Kleinbub was appointed a served as the FAN representative FAN director in the 1980s, and at their first exposure to the to the Environmental Council of fascinating outdoor world has FAN’s request, she, with her Alberta from 1983 to 1990, and husband, started a club in Fort been with Olga teaching bird or was as a representative on the plant courses through Inglewood McMurray in 1988. The club was Provincial Coordinating and continues to be very active, Bird Sanctuary and the Cross Committee involved with Conservation Area, and the doing Bird & Floral Counts & a approving nominations for variety of presentations annually. enthusiasm they carry comes Special Places 2000. He was a from her wonderful teaching The club was responsible for, long time Chair of the FAN and remains the steward of skills. Her skills range from Constitution & Bylaws WINTER 2005 15

2004 Federation of Alberta Naturalists Awards…continued

LaSaline Natural Area and has mitigation strategies to completion of the field portion organized numerous visits into responsible regulatory agencies of the Atlas, she contributed her the site. and government in view of the writing skills to the final book sixty-odd billion dollars of publication. She then left FAN’s A dozen years ago, Ruth initiated oilsands development employment for the heady the nomination of the Clearwater surrounding Fort heights of employment with the River (Alberta portion) as a McMurray. (This association provincial Fish and Wildlife Canadian Heritage River. The came into existence because of a Division, working on peregrine designation was finally made in Supreme Court ruling regarding a falcons. She did not forget her late April 2004. The Clearwater challenge based on the complete naturalist roots, keeping very River Committee developed a disregard of cumulative effects in busy with FAN member clubs. management plan for the river the approval process for oilsand During this time she assisted in over a ten-year period, while the developments and expansions.) promoting FAN projects and was government made progress a frequent visitor to the FAN towards designation. Ruth is oftentimes the only voice office. She also agreed to Controversial issues were dealt in the management of this represent FAN on the Peregrine with through a consensus-based association advocating for Falcon Recovery team and process. This winter, Millar transparency and honest, good maintained that position for a Western began logging all of the science on which to make number of years. old growth in the valley except recommendations. Ruth is one of the buffer zone around the the very few vested solely in the In the late 90’s she became a ecological site at the eastern end interest of the environment and FAN Director and in 2000 of the valley. Ruth negotiated common sense. Her knowledge accepted the position of FAN with Millar Western to save some of natural history and of the Treasurer, which she held for of the old growth forest from the traditional (aboriginal) knowledge two years. In that time she saw, which was an outstanding gained from teaching in native helped convert the financial accomplishment! communities gives her an unique systems into a more “project perspective on the impacts of management mode” working Ruth was active in the Special developments in this area. closely with office staff. Even Places 2000 committees for four though busy with her young Wildland Parks established in the Ruth has worked tirelessly for family and club responsibilities, North East. Battles were fought many years, almost in isolation, FAN never missed a filing date & lost, but some gains were and FAN recognizes her energy, for the various financial reports made. She was also involved enthusiasm and determination to mandated on an annual basis. with the Corridor Pipeline, and a persist on many issues in the slight realignment was eventually northeastern part of the province. Petra (with George Newton) co- negotiated. chaired FAN’s Bird committee, which is charged with focussing For the last 4 years, Ruth has Petra Rowell and coordinating FAN’s bird been the Fort McMurray Field related activities. She also Naturalist representative to CEMA Petra Rowell of Edmonton began worked on the Issues committee, (Cumulative Environmental her association with FAN during and wrote Book reviews for Management Association) where the first Alberta Bird Atlas Project. Alberta Naturalist magazine. We she is Treasurer & sits on half a She was an integral team member, want to thank Petra Rowell for dozen committees. CEMA is the making sure that the volunteers her continuing contributions to multi-stakeholder organization got to the right areas and filled the Alberta natural history scene. responsible for recommending out the paper work. At the 16 NatureAlberta

BOOK REVIEW The Buffalo Wolf… Predators, Prey and the Politics of Nature BY SANDRA FOSS By Lu Carbyn 2003 Smithsonian Winner of the Canadian Geographic’s Books ISBN# 1-58834-153-4 $34.95 “Top Pick” on Wildlife for 2004!!

Lu Carbyn recounts in gripping The author writes with passion, trying to avoid deep snow banks, detail stories of his visits to and his narrative evoked very gives a whole new perspective to remote Wood Buffalo National strong emotions in me. The some of these animal interactions. Park to do scientific research on tenacity and ruthlessness of the The life of a biologist is not the predator-prey relationships of wolves in their quest for food comfortable in this terrain, and wolves and bison. The struggle (the bison), the trials and you will be surprised at this for survival of North America’s tribulations of working with scientist’s dedication in largest land mammal and the government committees, leading challenging weather and wildlife largest wild dogs on earth, the film crews in an unforgiving conditions. misguided management program, landscape, and the staggering and the complexity of the social impacts and implications of The politics too are almost society of the “buffalo wolves”, man’s actions (effects of the incomprehensible. There are as well as that of a lone biologist Bennett Dam, import of plains those who would kill all the struggling against the political bison) contrasted with the speed bison, because they carry some flow, give us some understanding and agility of the bison when cattle diseases. There is anthrax in of why nature should be allowed being pursued. These are the the soil and that won’t go away, to take its own course. stuff of the drama that takes whether they introduce a “pure place in the north. herd” or not. The bison are part For me, this book called up vivid of the heritage of the land, and of memories of travel in this wild The impact on the wolves and the people native to the land, by part of our country, and the bison might not be immediately whom Dr. Carbyn is regarded as excitement of seeing wolves apparent to those who would an “elder”. chase bison, wolves and bison like to see more roads put into swimming across wide rivers, and this landscape. But the stories of This is a story of adventure and the eerie thrill of wolves howling bison being chased up and down intrigue, science and emotion. by the light of the moon! Wood the winter road by wolves and by Buffalo National Park is the only vehicles for many miles, while place where wolves and bison have had a continuing relationship for many hundreds ABOUT THE AUTHOR of years. Everywhere else, one or Lu Carbyn is a research scientist emeritus for the Canadian Wildlife Service, and an the other creature has been adjunct professor at the University of Alberta. He is co-owner of The Wild Bird Store exterminated. in Edmonton. WINTER 2005 17

A Hammerhead Snake? BY DENNIS BARESCO

When it comes to nature and wildlife, Police Point Park in Medicine Hat is well known for the rare, unique and unusual. Even so, sometimes the interpreters at the Interpretive Centre are surprised at what shows up.

Last summer, a gentleman visiting the Park saw something strange in the shallows of the river. When he pulled it out, he brought it to the Centre to share MEDICINE HAT INTERPRETIVE PROGRAM his bizarre discovery. A wandering gartersnake must found). Certainly not while it have seen something good to was out of the water and being eat, but unfortunately went just a handled! The visitor dutifully bit too far. WHACK! A Fat returned the clam - and its prize Mucket Clam snapped shut, - back to the South catching the hapless herptile in Saskatchewan River from its clasp. whence it came. Fat Muckets must be able to close very fast in order to catch a speedy garter snake. Staff at the Centre wondered when this clam, which measured ~13 cm He…who can no longer wonder and stand across, would decide it was safe “ rapt in awe, is as good as dead. to let go (the garter snake was ” already dead when the pair were ALBERT EINSTEIN 18 NatureAlberta

FAN CLUBS PAGE Fort Saskatchewan Naturalist Society (FSNS) BY ALICE EASTON

The Fort Saskatchewan Naturalist Society (FSNS) was founded by Elmer Thomas, in consultation with Alberta biologist Richard Fyfe, in 1981. The mandate of the society is “to promote awareness, appreciation, and conservation of our natural resources.”

Initially, the club’s primary endangered mixed aspen northeast of the confluence of emphasis was bird watching and parkland and prairie surrounded the Sturgeon and North identification, but the interests of by a landscape of human Saskatchewan Rivers. More current members vary greatly. activity, is less than a one-hour recently, we have conducted Amongst our group we have an drive away. Northeast of Fort Annual Butterfly Counts each artist, a mycobiologist, backyard Saskatchewan, extensive June. The FSNS became the feeder watchers, and a industrial growth, based on the Volunteer Steward of the Astotin photographer especially oil and gas industry, is ongoing. Natural Area in June 1988. We interested in raptors. However, Due to continued growth and view encroaching industrial we all share a fondness for the development, wild and natural development near the Astotin natural world. Our president, places are increasingly Natural Area with concern. Suzanne Benoit, exhibits an threatened. Monitoring is ongoing: the extensive knowledge of natural natural area is visited at least FSNS members, individually and and social history combined with once a year. jointly explore available spaces an enthusiasm for bird watching. throughout the farmland, along FSNS networks with other She collects and maintains a the river, and the environs of the natural history groups such as large archive of resource industrial lands. Birding the Edmonton Nature Club by materials dating back several continues to be a popular attending conferences and years. pastime and organized field trips, special events. Our President The City of Fort Saskatchewan as well as more casual keeps abreast of current issues lies along the southern slopes of expeditions, provide enjoyment. as they relate to the environment the North Saskatchewan River. Bird boxes, built during and relays the concerns of our The surrounding parkland birdhouse building workshops, group to supportive affiliates. provides the basis of local have been placed at the FSNS became an associate agriculture, mostly mixed Museum, Historic Sites, and in member of FAN in February farming, and habitat for a wide the river valley. Since 1989, we 2002. variety and numerous species of have compiled data from Currently, FSNS is studying a flora and fauna. To the east, Elk Christmas Bird Counts, the count plot of land, the Westlands Area, Island National Park, an island of circle being centred one mile

within the western boundary of

Flehmen ] Flehmen [ WORD SEARCH SOLUTION: SEARCH WORD [ WINTER 2005 19

FAN CLUBS PAGE

Fort Saskatchewan. It is a advocates for a portion of the monthly meeting, we enjoyed an combination of Environmental area under discussion. interactive discussion with the Reserve, Municipal Reserve and Director of Planning and Land Progress towards protection of private lands. As early as June Development. We are the site has been slow. On June 2001, FSNS conducted a tour of developing a management plan 17, 2002, we presented a brief to the site. Participants included and will seek grants to put our the City of Fort Saskatchewan Patsy Cotterill (ANHIC), and ideas into action. We intend to regarding the proposed Graham Griffiths, both well- continue in pursuit of our Westlands. The document known Alberta botanists. Since mandate, once again, “to contained information on the becoming aware that the area promote awareness, topography, soil description, and holds some rare native plant appreciation, and conservation an inventory of plants found on species, including crowfoot of our natural resources.” We the site. In particular, FSNS violet, FSNS has taken a invite interested nature stressed the need to have the proactive interest in the site. Fort conservationists, or anyone west end Interpretive Forest Saskatchewan began gathering interested in the future of this protected from disturbances by input on potential development remnant of threatened parkland off-road vehicles. Reaction to the in the area in 1997 as part of the to contact us by phone (998- report was positive. In October Rivers Edge Planning Process. 1657) or email, 2004, our executive met with the Current plans include residential [email protected] at any time. Environmental Awareness and commercial construction, a Members meet the first Tuesday Committee, Fort Saskatchewan, public campground, golf course, of every month at the Fort to reinforce our concerns. In sports areas, and trails for public Saskatchewan Library. February 2005, during our recreation. FSNS strongly

WANTED: Historic Alberta, Saskatchewan and Northern Montana Sage-Grouse Samples

I am a Ph.D. student at the Saskatchewan, British Columbia, University of Alberta studying the or northern Montana (Blaine, genetic structure of Canadian and Phillips, and Valley counties). For northern Montana Sage-Grouse. birds to be used in this study, I Part of my project involves need to know the approximate comparing the genetic diversity of time period (decade) and location present and historic samples. The that the bird was killed. Samples MALE SAGE GROUSE J.CARPENTER purpose of this is to determine can be taken from mounted birds, potential causes for the decline skins, or collected feathers. seen in Canadian Sage-Grouse If you are interested in Krissy Bush and to determine whether contributing to this research and Department of Biological Sciences Canadian and northern Montana have birds that fit these criteria, University of Alberta birds form a single population. please contact me by email or Edmonton, Alberta I am looking for people with birds mail for a sample collection kit Canada, T6G 2E9 killed prior to 1996 in Alberta, and instructions. Thank you. e-mail: [email protected] 20 NatureAlberta

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BEETLE GALLERIES BRIAN R. PARKER PHOTOGRAPHED IN DECEMBER 2004 USING A CANON AE-1 CAMERA, A 55 MM LENS AND KODACHROME 64 SLIDE FILM

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