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Bioceramic Materials Bioceramic Materials María González Esguevillas MacMillan Group Meeting April 18, 2019 Introduction to Bioceramics Bioceramic: Any ceramic, glass, or glass-ceramic used as a biomaterial, which is a material intended to interface with biological systems to evaluate, treat, augment, or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body. bio- -ceramic greek [keramikos] greek [bios] — relating to products made from clay, — life — pottery and brick — Baino, F. et al Frontiers in Bioeng. and Biotech. 2015, 3, 202 Yeoh, F-Y. et al J. Biomaterials App. 2011, 27, 345. Introduction to Bioceramics Bioceramic: A large class of specially designed ceramics for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damaged parts of the body BONES TISSUES Why are important? What is the difference between these treatments and others? Baino, F. et al Frontiers in Bioeng. and Biotech. 2015, 3, 202 Yeoh, F-Y. et al J. Biomaterials App. 2011, 27, 345. Introduction to Bioceramics WhyBioceramic: are important? BONESA large class of specially designed ceramics for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damagedTISSUES What is the difference partsbetween of the these body treatments and others? DISEASE TREATMENTS Causes: virus, bacteria, autoimmune, cancer, genetic diseases Target identification Treatment Baino, F. et al Frontiers in Bioeng. and Biotech. 2015, 3, 202 Yeoh, F-Y. et al J. Biomaterials App. 2011, 27, 345. Introduction to Bioceramics WhyBioceramic: are important? BONESA large class of specially designed ceramics for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damagedTISSUES What is the difference partsbetween of the these body treatments and others? Composition Diseases 25 % water Fractures 30 % Organic mineral: Osteoporosis cells (osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocytes, Osteomyelitis connective tissue) and collagen Osteosarcoma (cancer) 45 % Inorganic mineral calcium phosphates (HA) and carbonates Hyp dysplasia What was the solution for these diseases? capable to regenerate tissues Baino, F. et al Frontiers in Bioeng. and Biotech. 2015, Time3, 202 or amputation Yeoh, F-Y. et al J. Biomaterials App. 2011, 27, 345. Introduction to Bioceramics WhyBioceramic: are important? BONESA large class of specially designed ceramics for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damagedTISSUES What is the difference partsbetween of the these body treatments and others? Composition Diseases 25 % water Fractures 30 % Organic mineral: Osteoporosis cells (osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocytes, Osteomyelitis connective tissue) and collagen Osteosarcoma (cancer) 45 % Inorganic mineral calcium phosphates (HA) and carbonates Hyp dysplasia What was the solution for these diseases? capable to regenerate tissues Baino, F. et al Frontiers in Bioeng. and Biotech. 2015, Time3, 202 or amputation Yeoh, F-Y. et al J. Biomaterials App. 2011, 27, 345. Introduction to Bioceramics History and Evolution of Bioceramics Ancient Romans Neolithic period 1st Century 7200 BC - BC 975 AD 18th-19th century pottery statues CaO, CaSO4 Fe, Au, Ag, Pt metal or wood lime plaster lime plaster over plaster of Paris metal devices to fix prothesis armatures of bone fracture reeds dental use, broken bones, oil painting Capel, F. et al Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr. 1987, 26, 13 Chang, J. et al Materials Today 2019, 24, 41 Dorozhkin, S. V. et al Materials Sci. Eng. 2013, 33, 3085. Introduction to Bioceramics History and Evolution of Bioceramics 20th century-present bioceramics in bone and tissue regeneration Early 1900 1938 1940 1946 1950-60 1960 Present Bone plates First total hip first corneal first first blood 1st implant prosthesis biomechanically vessel and generation (polymer) femoral head to aid in fixation heart valve biomaterials of long fractures replacements of plastic joint damaged skull bone replacement (Al2O3) World War II Capel, F. et al Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr. 1987, 26, 13 Chang, J. et al Materials Today 2019, 24, 41 Dorozhkin, S. V. et al Materials Sci. Eng. 2013, 33, 3085. Introduction to Bioceramics History and Evolution of Bioceramics 20th century-present bioceramics in bone and tissue regeneration Early1960 1900 1970-80 1981 1980-90 1990 Present ® 1st Bioglass Commercialization of Al2O3 with 3rd generation generation dental application (HA) sapphire in biomaterials Al2O3 with biomaterials dental uses phosphates, TiO2, alummina base loading with cells, drugs, (Al2O3) Zr2O3 or with CaO polymers, NPs for therapeutical functions similar composition porous materials bioprinted materials to natural bone artificial organs Capel, F. et al Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr. 1987, 26, 13 Chang, J. et al Materials Today 2019, 24, 41 Dorozhkin, S. V. et al Materials Sci. Eng. 2013, 33, 3085. Bioceramic materials Requirements and critical issues Including foreign material into the body, we need to consider different parameters. Different according with the time Geometry. — Must fill the defects and guide during the regeneration process — Bioactivity. Biocompatibility. — Rapid tissue attachment and stable long-term bonding — — Ability to support normal cellular activity — Chemical & biological stability/ Biodegradability. — for indefinitely high stability, temporal devices must degrade gradually and be replace by natural issue— Porous structure. Biological properties. — interconnected porous structure to allow cell — angiogenesis, antibacterial effect,etc by release of penetration, tissue in-growth— appropriate ions— Mechanical competence/compliance. Fabrication & Commercialization potential. — adequate elastic compliance — Capel, F. et al Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr. 1987, 26, 13 Baino, F. et al Frontiers in Bioeng. and Biotech. 2015, 3, 202 Bioceramic materials Classification 1st generation Al2O3 or ZrO2 Synthetic HA (Ca10)PO4)6(OH)2) as cement, granules or in the form of coatings on metallic joint prostheses Cristalline ceramics, similar structure, composition to bone inert, osteoconductivity: biocompatible, bonds with the host without scar tissue low mechanical properties slow resorption rate Substitution Capel, F. et al Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr. 1987, 26, 13 Baino, F. et al Frontiers in Bioeng. and Biotech. 2015, 3, 202 Bioceramic materials Classification 1st generation 2nd generation 3rd, (4th) generation Synthetic HA, Bioglass-derived Al2O3 or ZrO2 Synthetic HA, calcium Composites, porous foams Synthetic HA (Ca10)PO4)6(OH)2) phosphate and silica-based BG. mesoporous glass particles, scaffolds as cement, granules or in the form of Bioglass (bioactive glasess) with polymers, proteins, metal, NPs, coatings on metallic joint prostheses porous scaffolds, glass fibers drugs, stem cells Cristalline ceramics, similar bond with the host, stimulate the capable to functionalize surface, structure, composition to bone cells to produce new tissue activate genes for regeneration inert, osteoconductivity: osteoconductivity: biocompatible, bond with proteins, release cells, biocompatible, bonds with the host bioactive drugs without scar tissue partially crystalline materials degradation rates match with low mechanical properties better mechanical properties: higher generation of new tissue slow resorption rate elasticity, hardness, wear resistance high fatigue resistance Substitution Repair Regeneration Capel, F. et al Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr. 1987, 26, 13 Baino, F. et al Frontiers in Bioeng. and Biotech. 2015, 3, 202 Bioceramic materials Classification 1st generation 2nd generation 3rd, (4th) generation Synthetic HA, Bioglass-derived Al2O3 or ZrO2 Synthetic HA, calcium Composites, porous foams Synthetic HA (Ca10)PO4)6(OH)2) phosphate and silica-based BG. mesoporous glass particles, scaffolds as cement, granules or in the form of Bioglass (bioactive glasess) with polymers, proteins, metal, NPs, coatings on metallic joint prostheses porous scaffolds, glass fibers drugs, stem cells Cristalline ceramics, similar bond with the host, stimulate the capable to functionalize surface, structure, composition to bone cells to produce new tissue activate genes for regeneration inert, osteoconductivity: osteoconductivity: biocompatible, bond with proteins, release cells, biocompatible, bonds with the host bioactive drugs without scar tissue partially crystalline materials degradation rates match with low mechanical properties better mechanical properties: higher generation of new tissue slow resorption rate elasticity, hardness, wear resistance high fatigue resistance Substitution Repair Regeneration Capel, F. et al Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr. 1987, 26, 13 Baino, F. et al Frontiers in Bioeng. and Biotech. 2015, 3, 202 Bioceramic materials Classification: Body Human Repair Substitution Repair Regeneration 1st generation 2nd generation 3rd, (4th) generation Synthetic HA, Bioglass-derived Al2O3 or ZrO2 Synthetic HA, calcium Composites, porous foams Synthetic HA (Ca10)PO4)6(OH)2) phosphate and silica-based BG. mesoporous glass particles, scaffolds as cement, granules or in the form of Bioglass (bioactive glasess) with polymers, proteins, metal, NPs, coatings on metallic joint prostheses porous scaffolds, glass fibers drugs, stem cells fabrication of prosthesis tissue engineering and implants cell therapy Bionic Approach Regeneration Medical Approach The human body repair Capel, F. et al Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr. 1987, 26, 13 Baino, F. et al Frontiers in Bioeng. and Biotech. 2015, 3, 202 Bioceramic materials Classification: Body Human Repair Substitution Repair Regeneration 1st generation 2nd generation 3rd, (4th) generation Synthetic HA,
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