1 Hong Kong's Welfare Model Reconsidered
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Poverty and Politics: Evaluating Public Assistance in Japan
Poverty and Politics: Evaluating Public Assistance in Japan Ulrike Schaede Kuniaki Nemoto Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies University of California, San Diego Paper prepared for the 2006 Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association in San Diego. Please do not cite without our permission. Please send comments to: [email protected]. Abstract Literature on Asian, and in particular Japanese, welfare policies deals mostly with pensions and health care. As a result, we know very little about poverty relief in these countries. Japan, the most affluent Asian country, is often hailed as a poster child of “welfare capitalism”. However, when it comes to public assistance, Japan is in fact a laggard. We introduce the basic features of Japan’s public assistance program, and analyze what explains variations in both public spending on poverty relief, and the system coverage (the number of recipients of poverty relief) over time. We find that, unlike other “welfare nations”, Japan does not have a quasi-automatic, institutionalized response to changes in social and economic distress of its citizens. Rather, spending and coverage vary over time and are significantly influenced by the number of seats held by the Liberal Democratic Party in the Diet. We conclude that politics matter more than poverty relief per se in Japan’s public assistance program. 1. Introduction Japan is typically considered as an industrialized country with a well-developed welfare system. Dore (2000) maps Japan and Germany as “welfare economies”, as opposed to the Anglo-Saxon “capitalist economies”. Likewise, Hall/Soskice (2001) group Japan with the “coordinated” systems of capitalism, where a variety of institutions and mechanisms are in place to delegate a significant amount of employment, training, unionism and welfare to corporations, which benefit from other state services in return. -
The Importance of Social Welfare in the Developing World
! The Importance of Social Welfare in the Developing World Mohit Prodhan University of Information Technology & Sciences Cathleen Jo Faruque Winona State University Numerous non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international non-governmental organiza- tions (INGOs) have been working on a massive scale in Bangladesh parallel to the existing govern- mental efforts to alleviate poverty. There have been many success stories, however, more is needed and a change in approach and philosophy is thus called for. To increase efficiency of the various social welfare programs greater coordination of NGOs by the government is essential. This also calls for well trained workers in the field and Bangladesh has good training programs in social work pro- vided by different universities. As the history of social work, as a profession, has historical roots in the Western world, the curricula followed by the different programs in the country are based on western curricula. There is growing realization, however, of the importance and relevance of in- digenization of social work in a globalized world and the curricula in different countries need to be modified to suit individual local areas and populations. Additionally an element of internationaliza- tion is also required in order to better train individual workers to work with a myriad of different environments the new world offers. Social Work in Bangladesh Social work is a profession that is integral and interwoven in all societies. How- ever, the extent of the type of social work in any given country is often under debate. In a densely populated and deeply impoverished country such as Bang- ladesh there is little doubt that the social welfare networks should be extensive and well coordinated. -
Redalyc.Social Welfare Provision at Local Level: a Case Study On
Argumentum E-ISSN: 2176-9575 [email protected] Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Brasil Sinem ARIKAN, Elif Social Welfare Provision at Local Level: A Case Study on Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Argumentum, vol. 8, núm. 1, enero-abril, 2016, pp. 115-125 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Vitória, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=475555256018 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18315/argumentum.v8i1.11884 ARTIGO Social Welfare Provision at Local Level: A Case Study on Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Prestação de assistência social a nível local: um estudo de caso no Município de Istambul Elif Sinem ARIKAN1 Abstract: In this article I tried to find traces of a neo-conservative model the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipal- ity in Turkey. Firstly I tried to explain significant collaboration between liberalism and conservatism in the neoliberal context. Subsequently, I tried to evaluate the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality to see the neo- conservative administration’s effects on local administrations based on market-oriented administration ra- tionale. I tried to explain that the gender discourse was strengthened because of such administration rationale. I tried to evaluate this matter profoundly. I mentioned the Ladies Commission of RP (Welfare Party) and Kadın Koordinasyon Merkezi (Women Coordination Center (WCC)) in the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality as examples of models of conservative women’s political organizations. Keywords: Neoliberalism. -
The Copenhagen Consensus Reading Adam Smith in Denmark by Robert Kuttner
The Copenhagen Consensus Reading Adam Smith in Denmark By Robert Kuttner From Foreign Affairs , March/April 2008 Summary: Denmark has forged a social and economic model that couples the best of the free market with the best of the welfare state, transcending tradeoffs between dynamism and security, efficiency and equality. Other countries may not be able to simply copy the Danish model of social democracy, but it nonetheless offers important lessons for governments confronting the dilemmas of globalization. ROBERT KUTTNER is Co-Editor of The American Prospect, a Senior Fellow at the think tank Demos, and the author of The Squandering of America: How the Failure of Our Politics Undermines Our Prosperity. He conducted the research for this article as a German Marshall Fund Journalism Fellow. Adam Smith observed in 1776 that economies work best when governments keep their clumsy thumbs off the free market's "invisible hand." Two generations later, in 1817, the British economist David Ricardo extended Smith's insights to global trade. Just as market forces lead to the right price and quantity of products domestically, Ricardo argued, free foreign trade optimizes economic outcomes internationally. Reading Adam Smith in Copenhagen -- the center of the small, open, and highly successful Danish economy -- is a kind of out-of-body experience. On the one hand, the Danes are passionate free traders. They score well in the ratings constructed by pro-market organizations. The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index ranks Denmark third, just behind the United States and Switzerland. Denmark's financial markets are clean and transparent, its barriers to imports minimal, its labor markets the most flexible in Europe, its multinational corporations dynamic and largely unmolested by industrial policies, and its unemployment rate of 2.8 percent the second lowest in the OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). -
Social Development : the Developmental Perspective In
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THE DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIAL WELFARE James Midgley ® SAGE Publications London · Thousand Oaks · New Delhi ©James Midgley 1995 First published 1995 Reprinted 1998, 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 6 Bonhill Street London EC2A 4PU SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd 32, M-Block Market Greater Kailash -1 New Delhi 110 048 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-8039-7772 7 ISBN 0-8039-7773 5 (pbk) Library of Congress catalog card number 95-69626 Typeset by Μ Rules IN MEMORY OF Kiruba Moodley and Betty J. Stewart Contents Acknowledgements ix INTRODUCTION 1 Development and Distorted Development 2 The Need for Social Development 7 The Purpose and Scope of this Book 9 1 A DEFINITION OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 12 The Concept of Social Welfare 13 Approaches for Promoting Social Welfare 15 The Social Development Approach 23 Other Conceptions of Social Development 28 2 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT 37 Theories of Social Change and Intervention 38 The Welfare State and Planning in the Industrial Countries 47 Colonialism and Social Welfare in the Third World 51 The United Nations and the Popularization of Social -
Social Welfare Model of Rural Development 1
Social Welfare Model of Rural Development 1 NJDRS Social Welfare Model of Rural Development CDRD Bharat Prasad Badal, PhD Lecturer, Central Department of Rural Development Email for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract After analyzing the balanced growth unbalanced growth, unlimited supply of laborer, transformation of traditional agriculture and social choice theories as well as Gandhian model of rural development, US market model economy, Chinese socialist’s economy, Korean model of rural development (Saemual Undong), mix welfare model of Sweden, this paper emphasizes that people’s participation is inevitable to achieve desired development goals. However, all these doctrines, theories or model have identified active participation of the people in development process but still those doctrines are silent about how to emancipate and mobilize people. Here is why, this paper has designed and developed social welfare model of Rural Development (SWMRD) based on Sen’s social choice theory, Gandhian model of rural development and doctrine of factors of production of economics. According to the model people have to make plan of their resources for sustainable economic return and its implementation. Government has to assure freedom, human right, motivation and protection. Hence, SWMRD model will be applicable on development studies and useful to development policy makers. Key words: Development, development model, rural development and social welfare model of rural development. Background Development is people’s dream of better life. To fulfill one’s dream he or she has to work to make it real. It is not the issue of vision or propaganda of political leaders or simply economic issue. Development is a process to understand, where you are and where you want to go. -
Social Security in Japan Could Be Found in Charity-Oriented Communal Activities for the Poor in a Pre-Modern Era
Social Security In Japan March 2000 Contents 1. Overview of Social Security System 1 2. Pensions 7 Outline of Pension System 16 3. Health Insurance 18 Outline of Health Insurance System 26 4. Public Assistance 28 5. Long-Term Care 40 References 44 Preface This booklet aims to provide foreign researchers with an introductory explanation of aspects of the social security system in Japan: pensions, health insurance, public assistance, and long-term care. Thus, the booklet is mostly descriptive and kept at a minimum level in outlining the current system and the challenges facing it. Researchers are advised to refer to further reading in English at the end of this booklet. As Japan’s social security system is undergoing a series of reforms, we will update this publication from time to time. Dr. Yuichi Shionoya Director-General National Institute of Population and Social Security Research Chapter 1 Overview of Social Security System I. General Characteristics 1. Social security As with other countries, the source of social security in Japan could be found in charity-oriented communal activities for the poor in a pre-modern era . In the modern era, while legislation such as Indigent Person’s Relief Regulation (1874) and Poor Relief Law (1932) 1 was enacted, the modern social security system based on the state’s responsibility in sharing and mitigating social risk of the population did not start until after World War II with the inclusion in the Constitution of Article 25: “(1)All people shall have the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living. -
COMPARATIVE STUDY of SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS in ASIA and LATIN AMERICA —A Contribution to the Study of Emerging Welfare States—
The Developing Economies, XLII-2 (June 2004): 125–45 INTRODUCTION: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS IN ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA —A Contribution to the Study of Emerging Welfare States— KOICHI USAMI HE purpose of this special issue is to expand the discussions of comparative welfare state study, which so far has been basically limited to developed T countries, to other countries where the social insurance system is being de- veloped and improved. In some of the newly industrialized countries/regions in Asia and Latin America, social insurance systems are either available or under de- velopment with a view to covering almost all working people, and they also main- tain a certain social assistance system. We call these emerging welfare states (see Table I). In this special issue, we intend to discuss the features of these emerging welfare states and the factors that have contributed to their formation. However, traditional comparative welfare state study was developed based on the experiences of Europe and the United States, and consequently it is difficult to apply it directly to the emerging welfare states whose historical backgrounds and political and economic conditions are very different. In this Introduction, taking these points into consideration, I shall first introduce existing welfare state studies in Europe and the United States, and discuss which methodology is applicable to our study subject. In the second section, making ref- erence to previous welfare state studies concerning newly industrialized countries in Asia and Latin America, I shall describe the significance of this special issue. The third and fourth sections deal with the characteristics of emerging welfare states in East Asia and Latin America, respectively, and the factors that contributed to their formation. -
What Lies Ahead for the Nordic Model?
A discussion paper on the future of the Nordic welfare model in a global competition economy What lies ahead for the Nordic model? By Huset Mandag Morgen What lies ahead for the Nordic model? A discussion paper on the future of the Nordic welfare model in a global competition economy ANP 2007:725 © Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2007 ISBN 978-92-893-1502-9 Print: Scanprint A/S, Århus 2007 Design: Par No. 1 A/S Translated by Martha Gaber Abrahamsen Copies: 500 Printed on environmentally friendly paper This publication can be ordered on www.norden.org/order. Other Nordic publications are available at www.norden.org/publications Printed in Denmark Nordic Council of Ministers Nordic Council Store Strandstræde 18 Store Strandstræde 18 DK-1255 Copenhagen K DK-1255 Copenhagen K Phone (+45) 3396 0200 Phone (+45) 3396 0400 Fax (+45) 3396 0202 Fax (+45) 3311 1870 www.norden.org Nordic co-operation Nordic cooperation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and three autono- mous areas: the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic cooperation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic cooperation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global commu- nity. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. Foreword Is there a distinctive Nordic welfare model? Is the welfare society a precondition for or a threat to the Nordic coun- tries’ competitiveness? And what challenges do the Nordic welfare societies face? The Nordic welfare model is considered by many to be a winning model in the transition from an industrial to an information society. -
Syn Sto Plyn” Program Overview
Stavros Niarchos Foundation “Syn sto Plyn” Program Overview 26th May 2014 Table of Contents Introduction 6 Social Housing Overview 15 Day Centers Overview 34 Syn sto Plyn Sustainability 51 3 Important Notice This report has been prepared by Deloitte under commission by the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (hereafter referred to also as the “SNF” or the “Foundation”) and presents main findings of the overall review of the“Social Housing” Program and the “Day Centers” Program (hereafter referred to also as the “Syn sto Plyn”), run by the non-profit organization Praksis and funded by SNF. The report focuses on the main outputs, outcomes and impact of the “Syn sto Plyn” program. The overall program review was based on information and data provided to Deloitte by SNF and Praksis in order to assess the performance of the Programs under a methodological frame which was discussed and mutually agreed in advance by all parties involved. Accordingly, no other purpose is intended or should be inferred as far as the use of this report is concerned. It is highlighted that Deloitte has not independently reviewed, audited or examined, in any way the information and data (including results from primary research conducted) provided by Praksis and SNF, both in written form or in the course of interviews held. Consequently, Deloitte expresses no opinion, or provide any other form of assurance or make any representation of any kind, regarding the accuracy and completeness of the enclosed data, or other information, or the reasonableness of any projections, assumptions or opinions, if any, contained in this report, nor does Deloitte assumes any responsibility or liability of any kind with respect thereto Deloitte cannot be held liable for any errors or omissions that might result from the use of the analyses contained herein. -
Get Around This Table
INTERNAT I ONAL LONGEV I TY CENTER -JAPAN Global Information Journal on Longevity and Society 2008 Get Around This Table ... ILC Global Alliance ILC-USA Robert N. Butler, M.D. President and CEO Professor of geriatrics at the Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development at the Mount Sinai Medical Center Founding Director of National Institute on Aging ILC-Japan Shigeo Morioka President Former CEO of Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (current Astellas Pharma Inc.) Former Chairman of the Fair Trade Council of the Ethical Pharmaceutical Drugs Manufacturing Industry International Longevity Center=ILC was ILC-France founded with the aim of studying various issues Françoise Forette, M.D. CEO concerning population aging with low-fertility President of the Board of Directors of the Hospital Broca from the international and interdisciplinary Former Special Adviser on Aging of the Minister of Health, Social Security, Elderly, Family and Disabled Persons perspectives and sharing the findings broadly ILC-UK to educate the public and to make policy Sally Greengross, OBE proposals. Chief Executive Eleven centers have been established to A crossbench (independent) member of date in the world: in the United States, Japan, the House of Lords France, the United Kingdom, Dominican ILC-Dominican Republic Republic, India, South Africa, Argentina, Dr. Rosy Pereyra, M.D. the Netherlands, Israel and Singapore. These President centers constitute an alliance (called ILC Global Organizer of Grand Parents Institute Former General Director of State Services to the Elderly of the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance Alliance) that promotes joint studies as well as country-specific activities. ILC-India This concept of ILC Global Alliance was R.A.Mashelkar, Ph.D. -
The Childhood Impoverishment in Japan Under the Neo-Liberal and Neo-Nationalistic Momentum
THE CHILDHOOD IMPOVERISHMENT IN JAPAN UNDER THE NEO-LIBERAL AND NEO-NATIONALISTIC MOMENTUM Final Version Citizens and NGOs Association for the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Japan November 2017 Contents GENERAL STATEMENT ............................................................................ 14 PART I OVERVIEW ................................................................................ 17 Chapter 1. Overview of Childhood Impoverishment in Japan under the Neo-liberal and Neo-nationalistic Momentum .......................................................................................... 18 1. The central challenge for the review of the fourth and fifth periodic report of Japan ...................................................................................................................................... 18 2. Principles underlying the comprehensive reform of policies and laws on children 19 3. Neo-liberal and neo-national principles exempt the government from the responsibilities and duties under the convention ........................................................ 20 4. Neo-liberal and neo-nationalistic principles impoverish childhood by depriving children of basic social conditions for their development ............................................ 22 5. Structure of this report ............................................................................................ 24 6. Summaries of problems in general measures of implementations ......................... 24 6-1. Problems in machineries for elaborating comprehensive