Chlorosilanes Final AEGL Document
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EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter
EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter EPA 454/B-18-008 August 2018 EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Air Quality Assessment Division Research Triangle Park, NC EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter 9/1/2018 Informational Document This informational document describes the emerging technologies that can measure and/or identify pollutants using state of the science techniques Forward Optical Remote Sensing (ORS) technologies have been available since the late 1980s. In the early days of this technology, there were many who saw the potential of these new instruments for environmental measurements and how this technology could be integrated into emissions and ambient air monitoring for the measurement of flux. However, the monitoring community did not embrace ORS as quickly as anticipated. Several factors contributing to delayed ORS use were: • Cost: The cost of these instruments made it prohibitive to purchase, operate and maintain. • Utility: Since these instruments were perceived as “black boxes.” Many instrument specialists were wary of how they worked and how the instruments generated the values. • Ease of use: Many of the early instruments required a well-trained spectroscopist who would have to spend a large amount of time to setup, operate, collect, validate and verify the data. • Data Utilization: Results from path integrated units were different from point source data which presented challenges for data use and interpretation. -
Transport of Dangerous Goods
ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions. -
Synthesis of Functionalized Poly(Dimethylsiloxane)S and the Preparation of Magnetite Nanoparticle Complexes and Dispersions
Synthesis of Functionalized Poly(dimethylsiloxane)s and the Preparation of Magnetite Nanoparticle Complexes and Dispersions Kristen Wilson O’Brien Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Chemistry Approved by: ____________________________ Judy S. Riffle, Chair ____________________________ ____________________________ Alan Esker Jack Lesko ____________________________ ____________________________ Timothy E. Long James E. McGrath August 21, 2003 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Polymers, iron oxides; steric stabilization; magnetic fluids Copyright 2003, Kristen Wilson O’Brien Synthesis of Functionalized Poly(dimethylsiloxane)s and the Preparation of Magnetite Nanoparticle Complexes and Dispersions Kristen Wilson O’Brien (ABSTRACT) Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) fluids containing magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with carboxylic acid-functionalized PDMS were prepared. PDMS-magnetite complexes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. PDMS-magnetite complexes containing up to 67 wt% magnetite with magnetizations of ~52 emu gram-1 were prepared. The magnetite particles were 7.4 ± 1.7 nm in diameter. Calculations suggested that the complexes prepared using mercaptosuccinic acid-functionalized PDMS (PDMS-6COOH) complexes contained unbound acid groups whereas the mercaptoacetic acid- functionalized PDMS (PDMS-3COOH) complexes did not. -
Catalytic Conversion of Direct Process High-Boiling Component To
Patentamt |||| ||| 1 1|| ||| ||| ||| || || || || ||| |||| || JEuropaischesJ European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets (11) EP 0 635 510 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int. CI.6: C07F 7/1 2, C07F7/16 of the grant of the patent: 24.02.1999 Bulletin 1999/08 (21) Application number: 94304886.8 (22) Date of filing: 04.07.1994 (54) Catalytic conversion of direct process high-boiling component to chlorosilane monomers in the presence of hydrogen chloride Katalytische Umsetzung von hochsiedenden RLickstanden der Direktsynthese in Chlorosilanmonomere in Gegenwart von Chlorwasserstoff Conversion catalytique du residu a point d'ebullition eleve obtenu par le procede direct en chlorosilanes monomeres en presence de chlorure d'hydrogene (84) Designated Contracting States: • Dhaul, Ajay Kumar DE FR GB Carrollton, Kentucky (US) • Johnson, Richard Gordon (30) Priority: 19.07.1993 US 94593 Hanover, Indiana (US) (43) Date of publication of application: (74) Representative: 25.01.1995 Bulletin 1995/04 Spott, Gottfried, Dr. et al Patentanwalte (73) Proprietor: Spott, Weinmiller & Partner DOW CORNING CORPORATION Sendlinger-Tor-Platz 11 Midland, Michigan 48686-0994 (US) 80336 Munchen (DE) (72) Inventors: (56) References cited: • Chadwick, Kirk Michael EP-A- 0 082 969 EP-A-0155 626 Penarth, South Glamorgan (GB) EP-A- 0 537 740 EP-A- 0 564 109 • Halm, Roland Lee EP-A- 0 574 912 EP-A- 0 634 417 Madison, Indiana (US) FR-A- 1 093 399 US-A- 2 709 176 US-A- 3 432 537 CO o LO LO CO Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, give CO any person may notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. -
1240 Date: December 1999 Revision: January 2009 DOT Number: UN 2534
Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet Common Name: METHYL CHLOROSILANE Synonym: Chloromethylsilane CAS Number: 993-00-0 Chemical Name: Silane, Chloromethyl- RTK Substance Number: 1240 Date: December 1999 Revision: January 2009 DOT Number: UN 2534 Description and Use EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE LAST PAGE Methyl Chlorosilane is a colorless gas with a distinctive odor. Hazard Summary It is used to make water repellant materials. Hazard Rating NJDOH NFPA HEALTH 3 - FLAMMABILITY 4 - REACTIVITY 2 W - CORROSIVE FLAMMABLE AND REACTIVE Reasons for Citation POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE f Methyl Chlorosilane is on the Right to Know Hazardous CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE Substance List because it is cited by DOT. f This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe List. f Methyl Chlorosilane can affect you when inhaled. f Methyl Chlorosilane is a DOT CORROSIVE material and contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes. f Inhaling Methyl Chlorosilane can irritate the nose, throat and lungs. f Methyl Chlorosilane can cause chronic bronchitis with SEE GLOSSARY ON PAGE 5. coughing, phlegm and shortness of breath. f Methyl Chlorosilane is FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE and a DANGEROUS FIRE and EXPLOSION HAZARD. FIRST AID Eye Contact f Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 30 minutes, lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact Workplace Exposure Limits lenses, if worn, while flushing. Seek medical attention No occupational exposure limits have been established for immediately. Methyl Chlorosilane. However, it may pose a health risk. Always follow safe work practices. -
Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. -
Catalytic Conversion of Direct Process High-Boiling Component to Chlorosilane Monomers in the Presence of Hydrogen Chloride
Europaisches Patentamt 19 European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets © Publication number : 0 635 51 0 A1 12 EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION © Application number : 94304886.8 © int. ci.6: C07F 7/12, C07F 7/16 @ Date of filing : 04.07.94 © Priority : 19.07.93 US 94593 Inventor : Halm, Roland Lee 507 Brentwood Drive Madison, Indiana (US) @ Date of publication of application Inventor : Dhaul, Ajay Kumar 25.01.95 Bulletin 95/04 710 Highland Avenue, Apt.7 @ Designated Contracting States : Carrollton, Kentucky (US) DE FR GB Inventor : Johnson, Richard Gordon Route 2, Box 492-E8 © Applicant : DOW CORNING CORPORATION Hanover, Indiana (US) P.O. Box 994 Midland, Michigan 48686-0994 (US) © Representative : Bullows, Michael Dow Corning Limited, © Inventor : Chadwick, Kirk Michael Cardiff Road 7 Erw'r Delyn Close Barry, South Glamorgan CF63 7YL, Wales (GB) Penarth, South Glamorgan (GB) © Catalytic conversion of direct process high-boiling component to chlorosilane monomers in the presence of hydrogen chloride. © The present invention is a process for con- verting a high-boiling component resulting from the reaction of an organochloride with silicon into commercially more desirable mono- silanes. The process comprises contacting the high-boiling component with hydrogen chloride at a temperature within a range of 250°C. to 1000°C. in the presence of a catalyst selected from activated carbon, platinum supported on alumina, zeolite, AICI3 and AICI3 supported on a support selected from carbon, alumina and sili- ca. < O In m CO CO LU Jouve, 18, rue Saint-Denis, 75001 PARIS 1 EP0 635 510 A1 2 The present invention is a process for converting ess. -
Trichlorosilane
Trichlorosilane sc-224320 Material Safety Data Sheet Hazard Alert Code EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW Key: Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME Trichlorosilane STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE CONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200. NFPA FLAMMABILITY4 HEALTH3 HAZARD INSTABILITY2 W SUPPLIER Company: Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Address: 2145 Delaware Ave Santa Cruz, CA 95060 Telephone: 800.457.3801 or 831.457.3800 Emergency Tel: CHEMWATCH: From within the US and Canada: 877-715-9305 Emergency Tel: From outside the US and Canada: +800 2436 2255 (1-800-CHEMCALL) or call +613 9573 3112 PRODUCT USE Intermediate in the production of silicones. SYNONYMS Cl3-H-Si, "silane, trichloro-", silici-chloroforme, siliciumchloroform, silicochloroform, trichloromonosilane, trichlorosilan, triclorosilano, "silylating agent" Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS EMERGENCY OVERVIEW RISK Spontaneously flammable in air. Contact with water liberates toxic gas. Causes severe burns. Risk of serious damage to eyes. Reacts violently with water liberating extremely flammable gases. Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. Extremely flammable. POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS SWALLOWED ■ The material can produce severe chemical burns within the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract following ingestion. ■ Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual. ■ Ingestion of acidic corrosives may produce burns around and in the mouth. the throat and esophagus. Immediate pain and difficulties in swallowing and speaking may also be evident. Swelling of the epiglottis may make it difficult to breathe which may result in suffocation. -
United States Patent Office Patented Feb
3,168,542 United States Patent Office Patented Feb. 2, 1965 2 It is also often desired to separate mixtures of chloro 3,168,542 silanes having different organic substitutents attached to PROCESS FOR SEPARATENG MEXTURES OF silicon thereof into individual chlorosilane portions where CHOROSLANES EEgyd H. Saaffer, Sayder, N.Y., assignor to Unioia Car in each portion contains specific chlorosilanes having the bide Corporation, a corporation of New York same organic substituents attached to silicon thereof. No Drawing. Fied May 15, 1957, Ser.3. No. 659,204 Illustratively, in the manufacture of vinyl silicone elas 23 Claims. (C. 260-44S.2) tomers the proportion of vinyl groups contained by the elastomer affects the properties of the elastomers. By This invention relates to chlorosilanes and in particular controlling the amount of vinyl siloxane groups com to a process for separating specific chlorosilanes from mix O bined in the elastomers, the properties of such elasto tures of different chlorosilanes. mers can be controlled substantially as desired. This It is often desirable to separate mixtures of chloro can be advantageously accomplished by regulating the silanes of different functionalities into chlorosilane por relative amounts of substantially pure vinyl chlorosilanes tions such that each portion contains only chlorosilanes and coreacting chlorosilanes. When low purity chloro of a specific functionality and is substantially uncontami 5 silanes are employed additional variables are encountered nated by chlorosilanes of other functionalities. Illus thus complicating an otherwise simple operation. Simi tratively, it has been found that dimethylpolysiloxane larly, substantially pure diphenyldichlorosilane, dimethyl gums that are suitable for conversion to silicone elastom dichlorosilane, methylphenyldichlorosilane, and the like ers cannot be prepared directly by the hydrolysis of di are highly desirable. -
The Synthesis and Characterization of Binuclear Zirconocene Complexes and Their Study As Initiators in the Polymerization of M
END-GROUP FUNCTIONALIZATION OF ANIONICALLY SYNTHESIZED POLYMERS VIA HYDROSILATION REACTIONS A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Hoon Kim May, 2006 END-GROUP FUNCTIONALIZATION OF ANIONICALLY SYNTHESIZED POLYMERS VIA HYDROSILATION REACTIONS Hoon Kim Dissertation Approved: Accepted: Advisor Department Chair Dr. Roderic P. Quirk Dr. Mark D. Foster Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Joseph P. Kennedy Dr. Frank N. Kelley Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. William Brittain Dr. George R. Newkome Committee Member Date Dr. Coleen Pugh Committee Member Dr. Chrys Wesdemiotis ii ABSTRACT One of the unique features of living, alkyllithium-initiated, anionic polymerization is the ability to produce a stable carbanionic chain end after complete monomer consumption, which can be followed by reaction with electrophiles to form various end- functionalized polymers. Although a variety of functional polymers have been synthesized in the last few decades, each specific functionalization has had to be designed and optimized individually. Consequently, the development of general functionalization methodologies has drawn recent interest. However, even these general functionalization methods require the use of protecting groups, and the complexity in synthetic routes and the thermal/moisture instability of many protected functional agents have restricted their practical application. This thesis describes a new, general functionalization methodology, combining well-defined, living anionic polymerization with efficient and highly selective, platinum-catalyzed hydrosilation reactions with functionalized alkenes. Well-defined, Si-H functionalized polymers (P-SiH) have been synthesized by sec- butyllithium-initiated, living anionic polymerization in benzene followed by termination with dimethylchlorosilane. -
Influence of Silicon on High-Temperature
Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 160 (2017) 410–417 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/solmat Influence of silicon on high-temperature (600 °C) chlorosilane interactions with iron crossmark ⁎ Josh Allera, , Nolan Swainb, Michael Babera, Greg Tatarb, Nathan Jacobsonc, Paul Gannonb a Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA b Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA c NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: High-temperature ( > 500 °C) chlorosilane gas streams are prevalent in the manufacture of polycrystalline Iron silicon, the feedstock for silicon-based solar panels and electronics. This study investigated the influence of Chlorosilane metallurgical grade silicon on the corrosion behavior of pure iron in these types of environments. The Silicon experiment included exposing pure iron samples at 600 °C to a silicon tetrachloride/hydrogen input gas mixture Silicon tetrachloride with and without embedding the samples in silicon. The samples in a packed bed of silicon had significantly Iron silicide higher mass gains compared to samples not in a packed bed. Comparison to diffusion studies suggest that the Corrosion increase in mass gain of embedded samples is due to a higher silicon activity from the gas phase reaction with silicon. The experimental results were supported by chemical equilibrium calculations which showed that more- active trichlorosilane and dichlorosilane species are formed from silicon tetrachloride in silicon packed bed conditions. 1. Introduction most common material added to a chlorosilane gas stream is silicon. Silicon may be present in a fluidized bed reactor used to convert silicon Chlorosilane species are used at high temperatures in the refine- tetrachloride to trichlorosilane or deposition equipment used to deposit ment, manufacture, and deposition of silicon and silicon-containing silicon on a wafer. -
A Review of Organosilanes in Organic Chemistry
A Review of Organosilanes in Organic Chemistry • Silyl Protecting and Derivatisation Reagents • Organosilanes as Reducing Agents • Silanes in Cross-coupling Chemistry • Allylsilanes Used to Stabilize α-Carbanions and β-Carbocations INTRODUCTION Organosilanes have varied uses in organic chemistry from the most frequently employed protecting groups to intermediates in organic synthesis. The Acros Organics portfolio of organosilanes is continuously expanding to meet your chemistry needs. In this brochure you will find an overview of four of the most important applications of organosilanes: • Silyl Protecting and Derivatisation Reagents 1, 2 • Organosilanes as Reducing Agents 3 • Silanes in Cross-coupling Chemistry 4 • Allylsilanes Used to Stabilize α-Carbanions and β-Carbocations4 Silyl Protecting and Derivatisation Reagents Silicon protecting groups are probably the most frequently employed of all protecting groups, and modern natural product synthesis is inconceivable without them.5 Silylating agents are mostly used to protect alcohols and phenols, but have also found application in the protection of amines, carboxylic acids, amides, thiols and alkynes. By varying the substituents attached to silicon, the steric and electronic characteristics of the protecting group can be finely tuned, allowing a wide variety of both reaction and deprotection conditions. The leaving group also plays an important role in the reactivity and use of silylating reagents. Whilst chlorotrimethylsilane [product code: 42643] liberates hydrogen chloride on reaction,