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Data Collection and Confirmation Study on the Mine Environment and Safety in the African Area

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Data Collection and Confirmation Study on the Mine Environment and Safety in the African Area DATA COLLECTION AND CONFIRMATION STUDY ON COLLECTION AND CONFIRMATION DATA THE MINE ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN AREA DATA COLLECTION AND CONFIRMATION STUDY ON THE MINE ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN AREA FINAL REPORT FINAL REPORT March 2014 March March 2014 Japan International Cooperation Agency（JICA） Mitsubishi Materials Techno Corporation Sumiko Resources Exploration & Development Co.,Ltd. I L JR 14-081 英文 087448.430804.26.3.8 作業；清田 PREFACE This Interim Report is to inform progress situation in the “Data Collection and Confirmation Study on the Mine Environment and Safety in the African Area” (herein-after called “the Study”). Objectives of the Study consist of 1) compilation of existing condition and data collection on the mine environment and safety, 2) examination of information on the superiority of mine environmental technology owned by Japanese companies and organizations and to be usable to objective countries, and 3) investigation of the request on capacity development and personnel training. The works of the Study started on October in 2013 based on the contract for the Scope of Works (SW) between the JICA and Joint Venture on the date of October 10, 2013. This Interim Report contains results of the Preparation Work in Japan and First Site Investigation, which were mainly collected information and data on the mine environment and safety of the objective countries, and this report also provides the priority of investigation sites for mine pollution during the Second Site Investigation. The experts engaged in period of the Study were the following 4 persons: 1 Team leader/Mine environment A Kajima Mikio (MMTEC) 2 Mine safety/Mining engineer B Yokoyama Takayuki (MMTEC) 3 Mining engineer A/ Mine environment B Negishi Yoshimitu (MMTEC) 4 Geology/Geochemistry/Remote sensing Kobayashi Hirohisa (SRED) Remarks: MMTEC : Mitsubishi Materials Techno Corporation SRED : Sumitomo Resources Exploration & Development Co., Ltd. We would like to thank all the concerned persons of the offices related to the mine environment and safety in the objective countries, including Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa for their kind cooperation. March 2014 ABSTRACT (1) Summary of the Study - Objectives of the Study consist of 1) compilation of existing condition and data collection on the mine environment and safety, 2) examination of information on the superiority of mine environmental technology owned by Japanese companies and organizations and to be usable to objective countries, and 3) investigation of the request on capacity development and personnel training. - The objective countries consist of eight countries including Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Madagascar and South Africa. - The Study is composed of five steps, namely the Preparation work in Japan, First Site Investigation, Analysis work in Japan, Second Site Investigation and Compiling work in Japan. - The First Site Investigation, consisting of collecting data and information on the mine environment and safety, holding of Seminar, request of the personnel training of each country, was carried out in one month between November 11, 2013 and December 8, 2013. - Malawi and Zambia were selected as places for Second Site Investigation by consideration work in Japan after the First Site Investigation. The sites consist of three coal mines and small-scale mine for gems in Malawi, and two copper mines and one abandoned zinc-lead mine in Zambia. Finally, actual number of the objective sites reached eight sites. - The Second Site Investigation was conducted i) environment investigation, ii) soil sampling and analysis, iii) water sampling and analysis, iv) simple survey, and v) inspection for occurrence of pollution, scale of the pollution, mine environment, arrangement of issues, consideration of countermeasure of mine pollution control and current situation about mine environment and safety. - After the Second Site Investigation, comprehensive work was carried out to extract issues, to integrate information and to recommend several support projects for the future. Based on the collecting information during site investigations, current situations in respect of mine environment and safety for objective countries are summarized as follows; (Mine Management and Legislation related to the Mine Environment) - Each country had newly instituted or revised in 1990’s to 2000’s in order to aim a promotion of mining development as well as a sustainable development of mineral exploration and exploitation of minerals. - mining policies were shifted from mining depend on only specified minerals such as Au, diamond, etc. to the mineral exploration and exploitation of various kinds of mineral resources such as base metals, rare earth elements (REE) and energy resources (petroleum, natural gas and coal). - Several countries and areas still have problems of infrastructure building for the mine development and occur difficult to promote a foreign investment for the mineral exploration and exploitation. (Mining Condition) i - In South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zambia, various kinds of mineral resources has been historically developed for a long time. - In other countries, the development of mineral resources was relatively recent and further mineral exploration and mine development are expected because of high potential of mineral resources. Particularly, active mineral exploration and a few copper mines have been developed in the southwestward extension areas from the Copper Belt, located along the boundary between Zambia and Democratic Republic of the Congo, in Angola and Botswana (called as Kalahari Copper Belt). (Environmental Policy and Environmental Condition) - The environmental legislation, including Environmental (Basic) Law, Environmental Protection Act, etc., has mostly instituted in each country. The environmental impact assessment is mostly regulated within the Environmental (Basic) Law, and the Ministry of Environment is enforced to formulate the environmental policy. - The evaluation of environmental impact assessment concerning the mineral exploration and exploitation in the Ministry of Environment of the objective countries are entrusted to the ministry in charge of mining. However, staff in charge of environmental evaluation concerning the mining in each country are luck of practical experiences, therefore it is necessary to formulate and enforce a long-term personnel training. - Concerning the environmental protection such as an environmental management and monitoring plans, project enforcement person in most of countries has a responsible to carry out the environmental obligation according to the Mining Law. However, monitoring enforcement system in whole area of each country is not built yet, thus environmental condition including environmental pollution, hot spots, etc. in each objective country is not comprehended yet. - Environmental standards for air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise and vibration, etc. had mostly set up in objective countries, however a few environmental items are not set up in some countries. Therefore, it is necessary fully to install the environmental standards for the environmental evaluation. (Mine Pollution, its Potential and Measures) - Mine development of sulfide ore deposits such as base metals is rare in Angola, Malawi and Mozambique, therefore ore pollution is presently not found in these areas. However, those areas have also potential of mine pollution. - Other countries can be found mine pollutions such as acidic wastewater from mine sites, exhaust gas from smelters, etc. and much influence to the environment downwards. However, the environmental investigation and mitigation against the mine pollution is inefficient. - It is necessary to carry out environmental investigation by monitoring for understanding the environmental condition and formulate the technical guidelines, etc. for countermeasures and those enforcement. (Chemical Analysis) - Public laboratory under the ministry related to the environment or mining is not established in Angola and Mozambique, but under consideration. In other countries, the public laboratory is established under the Geological Survey or Ministry of Environment. - Concerning the analytical accuracy and components, the laboratory related to the Environment ii mostly aims environmental analysis, and the laboratory related to the Geological Survey mostly aims environmental analysis purposes to analyze ore mineral, geochemical exploration and inorganic analysis. - The Laboratory under the Environmental Management Agency in Zimbabwe carries out monitoring investigation and is planning to establish database of analytical results. (Mine Safety) - Statistic on disaster and accident in mines and smelters had been obtained in Botswana and Zimbabwe, but those of other countries was not obtained. - Concerning the mine safety, ministry and government agency in charge of each country are supervising operating mines such as ministerial direction, order, etc. without practical training for the mine safety. However, technical training of mine safety is periodically enforced by the Chamber of Mines in Zimbabwe. (Personnel Training and Request of Technical Training) - Each country has not specified personnel training program. - Requests from relevant ministries and agencies of each country to JICA are covered a wide range of categories, many persons and various period of training. (2) Recommendations On the basis of challenges in the each country that were
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