02 02 2017 178 ri-vista Coastal urbanization, coastal coastal landscape. privatization, publicareas, Keywords its natural componentsandencouraging itspublicuse. was developedhavingtheobjectiveto protect coastal landscapeidentity, Patagonian preserving After anddiagnosisofnaturalcoast. andsocialfeatures, alandscapeproject ananalysis,survey calledLos thecaseof an area This studypresents Limites Beachsituated alongthePatagonian Along the Argentinian Coast Patagonia private urbanization develops over public beach areas. Abstract Urbanizzazione eprivatizzazione paesaggio costiera, costiero. pubbliche, aree Parole chiave li efavorendone, alcontempo, l’uso pubblico. gere l’identitàpaesaggistica lesuecomponenti natura dellacosta dellaPatagonia- preservando turali esocialidell’area, èstato sviluppato unprogetto dipaesaggio chehal’obiettivo diproteg Limites Beach, un’area situata lungo lacosta dellaPatagonia. Dopoaveranalizzato caratteri na- aspiaggiaQuesto diffusamente interessa learee contributo ilcasodi presenta pubbliche. Los Lungo lacosta argentina dellaPatagonia losviluppodiun’urbanizzazione dicarattere privato Abstract Chubut, Argentina Architecture Proposal for the Los Limites Beach, Coastal Landscape and Public Use. ALandscape DOI: 10.13128/RV-22008 -www.fupress.net/index.php/ri-vista/ © TheAuthor(s) 2015. ispublished withCreative Thisarticle Commons license CC BY-SA 4.0 Press. University Firenze /Accepted: November2017 Received: July2017 DesignandUrbanism/Faculty Faculty ofBuenosAires, ofAgronomyUniversity ofArchitecture, María Belén Bonaz [email protected] - Bonaz 179 - - - - author mentions that this transformation results in transformation this that mentions author of social inequality the increase like consequences phenome and social exclusion. This ‘social rupture’ non is materialized in an ‘urban fracture’ due to the due to in an ‘urban fracture’ non is materialized such as residential areas, of ‘locked’ development and country communities gated clubs. some highlight (2010) Koppmann Vidal and Perahia - of these urban develop characteristics common and the relat features ments, namely their isolated - the major urban cen away from of being far ed fact routes, only by highways, tres and thus accessible transport. and private These urban developments and promote of transportation high costs generate a higher energy- resource and non-renewable con typethis of de urban of Consequences sumption. quality of inhabi- life velopments are to detrimental in coastal scenario resulting worse tants, even in an areareas which sensitive most the environments, and Schanck, 2007). (Scalise human disturbance to out by the Univer carried on this topic Researches sityof Buenos Aires the new residentialhow show in situated of ‘closed typologies’ consisting areas neighborhoods urban peripheries, such as gated countryand modification of rapid a caused clubs, a substantial footprint, generating the territorial and landscapes (Vidal in spatial patterns change 2005). Koppmann, existing zoning the in exceptions to By appealing -
Introduction the define landscape as (1973) Diaz de Pineda et al. relation ecological an of perception plurisensorial generated is landscape the terms, these in system; and the in- by a sensorial appreciation of the place features. between and cultural ecological teraction the landscape by Nogué (2008), postulated As of society on a given space, effect is the cultural in tworecognizable one physi- related dimensions: and objective,cal, material and another perceptive, and subjective.cultural by intervening, landscape Man acts on the natural modifying, and recomposing the place,- material desires, and experiences. izing needs, aspirations, The result of a new appearance, is a composition Garcia, 2003). This landscape (Aponte an innovated cultural landscape reflects the society- attitude to the environment,wards as well as the attempts to order in environment the to adapt to man of the man-land- However, condition. his life improve nei harmonious always not is relationship scape ther balanced. (2001) of theSvampa consequence affirms that as a - models based on eco application of development that have been carried out sincenomic globalization this countrythe Nineties in Argentina, a is tackling that of socio-spatial patterns deep transformation in the urban scene. The significant changes entails Los Límites Beach Límites 1 — Los Fig. Source:location. author’s based onelaboration 2015. Google Maps 02 02 2017 180 ri-vista situated at9 kmfrom of Rada Tilly, the city near Los ly doubled its number. On the La Herradura namely RadaBeach, seehereafter), Tilly, hasrough- the town closestto Los thestudyarea (i.e. Límites population censuses the number of inhabitants in Inrecentand the vulnerability of their landscape. eas, promoting theprivatization ofpublicresources to private urbanization to advance overbeach ar territorial policies have pavedthewaynian coast, As postulated by Codignotto (2000), in the Patago - to thecoast isblocked. is stronglydiversity affected and thepublic access Koppmann,the coastal landscape(Vidal Bio- 2015). a socialandspatialfragmentation) isdisintegrating and fragmentedsuburban low-density areas (both This privatization ofnatural to resources generate sensual urbanismto solvethesecriticalsituations. municipalities, demanding the creation of a con most cases, with the strategic plans and zoning by and their real estate in business is not consistent, of the community. Theadvance ofprivate actors and natural areas, resource withouttheconsensus try, gated builtinsidebeaches communities are inseveralregulations, coastal citiesofthecoun- Beach, - - while promoting public use, soitsconsequentwhile promoting en- publicuse, thenatural landscape to preserve the possibility needed. Alandscapeproposal inthisarea grants featuresmatrix andthesocio-cultural istherefore project thatconsiders boththenatural existing lost (Aponteis currently 2003). Garcia A present-day alinkthat withthe landscape, society thebut alsoinorder thelink between to rebuild hotspot, asignificativebiodiversity only to preserve inthisarea not isimportant al species.Intervening beach animportant habitat inthe region, for sever that isourcasestudy. Thisisthelastuntouched vacantof landonthenext beach, Los límites Beach, a storm, however thisevent thesale didnotprevent several affected housesintheneighborhoodwere by increasing beach’s erosion duringsea storms. In2011 that affected the configuration ofthe coastlineby related to the constructions of buildings and roads natural ecosystem. Themostvisiblechanges are affects dynamics anddirectly thefunctioningof ment doesnottake into account thelocalcoastal La Herradura’, Thisurbandevelop- was carriedout. Club known as ‘Country (gatednity neighborhood) Límites Beach, the construction of a gated commu- Fig. 2 Fig. 3—Themainbeach areas. author’s elaboration based on elaboration basedon author’s Source: author’s elaboration author’s Source: —The study area. Source: opposite page Mapbox 2015. Mapbox 2015. landscape -
Bonaz 181 - - - Beach are visual quality its location and its high de Beach rived from its fine sandy beaches, which give possi- its fine sandy beaches, rived from space. public In in an outdoor recreation bilities for Santa corresponding to the area Beach, Límites Los transfor by several is being affected Cruz Province lots division into the progressive mations due to private for of infrastructures and the construction - is to transformation This ongoing urbanizations. because of the outlines of roads visible day already that cause land fragmentation. changes landscape these that noticed be should It that possess a legal are being carried out in areas Law of 2658 Specifically, framework. environmental aims at preventing short, Cruz Province Santa me - pro that activities, projects, dium and long effects cause could undertakings public or private grams, balance. the ecological to The law those considers modifyingof capable activities environment, the directly or indirectly the those which contaminate other and landscape fauna, flora, air, water, soil, The envi- and cultural. both natural components, (Law too legislation of Chubut Province ronmental at the preservation, is aimed 4563) conservation and its inhabitants. support of landscape resources for
Beach Punta Los Límites Los for the coastline area of Los area the coastline for that borders to the north with with north the to borders that is located on the interprovincial interprovincial on the Beach is located Beach Beach here presented are:Beach characterize (i) to
Argentino) in the South Atlantic. It is 20 km km 20 is It Atlantic. South the in Argentino) Mar North of the city of Comodoro Rivadavia, being its its being Rivadavia, Northcitythe of Comodoro of Límites Los km. at 12 Tilly Rada town closest and to Beach Herradura its north with La to borders Tranquera. its south with Punta PeligroPlaya La y of Los of the northern area consists The study area Límites border of Chubut (Escalante District)of Chubut (Escalante border Cruz and Santa District) basin and it is Gulf (Deseado Jorge in the San Sea of the Argentine system part beaches of a seven ( Los Límites Beach Area: Los the Study Analysing Límites Los Límites Límites iden- (ii) to landscape in the study area, the coastal tify strengthen to public uses, (iii) the the admitted identity landscape. of this coastal cultural hancement and protection. The specific objectives The specific objectives and protection. hancement of the landscape project , to the south with the jurisdictional limit the south with the jurisdictional limit Delgada, to the to between Cruz Provinces, Chubut and Santa with west the to and Sea, Argentine the with east N ° 3. the national route of visitors for attractions main The 02 02 2017 182 ri-vista Vegetation grows indifferent sites becauseof cling offinesand dunebythewestwinds. - thanks to therecy in alowarea anditispreserved up offinesandybeach.(3 km)issituated Thebeach The studyarea covers 109haofwhich47.3 made are (Sylwan, 2001). both of invertebrates, vertebrates,tent, and plants San Jorge Gulfbasinhasahighfossilreserves, con- hydrocarbons from Argentina. Inadditionto itsoil It isthemostancientbasinandprolific producer of abundant(Islaetal.2002). period are Quaternary fragmentswhere ofoysters andfossils from the toyellowish yellowish-graygreenish sandstone (Patagonia formation).the uppertertiary Ithas formedvaried altitude, bymarinesedimentsof of the San Jorge Gulf. The Gulf Coast has cliffs of Los Límites The Natural System namics ofthelandscapeanditsvisualquality. These actionssignificantlyaffect thenatural dy- and thelevelling oflandfor roads andbuildings. risk due to the eliminationofcoastal sage scrub This situationputthelandscapeanditsfeatures at on beach beingdeveloped. areas currently are landscape andtherational works useofresources, both Provinces that encourage of the conservation However, inspite oftheselegislativeframeworks by is part oftheareaBeach ispart ofthebasin • Cliff: the rocks thatmake duringlowtide, upthe • Aeolian ramp: inthisunitthevegetation playsan • Plateau: flat formations thathaveagreat plainar performance ofitscomponents: fivelandscapeunitsaccording ble to identify to the photo ofsatellite interpretation images, itispossi- biological aspects(vegetation andwildlife) andthe (geology, geomorphology, soils,climate etc.) and oftheanalysisphysicalaspectsAs aresult value for thesector ofSan Jorge Gulf. Otaria aspeciesofspecial flavescensisconsidered works asabiologicalcorridor for marinefauna. The ofspeciesandof theGulfiscrucialfor thesurvival ofgreatare Thecoastal ecological importance. area steppe hasfew speciesofmammals.However, they Compared ofArgentina withotherregions the vegetation. halophytic In areas withoutpossibilitiesofdrainage,is there erage ofthissteppe 60%and80%. varies between ofcov- Thedegree alsopresent. ca andMulinumare test areas suitable for are shrubvegetation. Festu - thickets grow, ofshrubsmounttype whilethewet the contrasts ofthetopography. Inthroats, dense cliffs and have fossil exposed are materials of wind carries. sedimentsthattheand stabilizes lightweight roleimportant since it slows downthewind, traps ea high abovethesea level. Fig. 4 —Themainbeach areas. Source: author’s elaboration. author’s Source: opposite page - - Bonaz 183 - - - - dition. The area has no regulated parking zones anddition. The area their conve to according move in this space users nience and possibilitynience of entering. slopes, people use motorized On the Plateau’s quadricycles, and in resting and camping outdoor areThese slopes. the most of the areas lower the of with some places together frequently used areas, where people fish and har cut platform the Wave vest mollusks. level when sea beach”, of the “next In the sector a large into is transformed down, the surface goes sand yachting esplanade where people practice coast with activities, as well as over flights on the people dis In the marine sector, gliders. ultra-light and kitesurfing windsurfing, as such activities play surfing. board directly is area study the of matrix productive The inhabited Tilly was of Rada related oil. The town to residents level who collaborat by higher economic related villa. Closely of a seaside ed in the creation - - marine animals from the Miocene (between the Miocene 5 andmarine animals from ago). 23 million years posed during the downspouts of the sea, charac sea, the of downspouts the during posed wells, where by its stone - a variety of mol terized servethat for are found bivalves and food as lusks villagers. and birds unit, In this action of the sea. is an the vegetation as a buffer that acts regulating factor, ecosystem the replenish and regulates - erosion waves from occupies subunit beach” “next The sand. of ment it surface; of this unit’s the highest percentage covered completely is it since vegetation no has by the sea. • Wave cut platform: a coastal bench which is ex a coastal cut platform: • Wave • Beach: this landscape is affected by the incessant this landscape is affected • Beach: Use System The Built and Land of a series of equipment consists The study area’s signage,poor stones, river and of made roads car - is in poor con the beach to bins. Access makeshift 02 02 2017 184 ri-vista est town to thestudyarea, showedasignificant In thelastpopulation censuses, Rada Tilly, theclos sense ofbelongingto thislandscape. havenotbeenableto labourers generateplace, a However, since the area has always been a transit a specificcultural ensemble (Lafont,ing pot, 2009). ches andTheTehuelches, created melt aparticular tablished together withdescendants of The Mapu- Labour force from alloverthecountry, thatwas es The SocialSystem greaterquired importance. have acand alternative energy activities, services, years,In recent theeconomy haschanged: fishing radura Cluband Los Country Límites peared, such as the gated neighborhood of La Her settlements intheRada Tillysurrounding area ap- nearby beaches. somenew As mentionedabove, terized byahighurbangrowth, alongaffecting the to Comodoro Rivadavia, Rada Tilly is today charac Beach’s lots. ------them. The second interview wasthem. The carried second out with interview ofthebeaches based on andherexperience tory thanks knowledge to herextensive aboutthehis regarding theuseofstudyarea obtained were MuseumofRadathe regional Tilly, information to MariaSol Coetsee, of archivist In theinterview taken were into account. and itsconservation the knowledge about the local natural environment (Duverger, Intheselectionofinterviewees, 1996). carriedout were andasurvey opinion interviews For socialanalysisofthe area, acomprehensive two vices, basiceducationandminimumincome). in thepopulationbasicneeds(housing, health ser andto anincreasing deficiency some publicservices This populationgrowth ledto thesaturation of (Dirección General de Estadística y Censos, 2015). raised from 6,208 in2001 to 9,100 intheyear 2010 censuses, the number ofinhabitants inRada Tilly to data from the National Institute of statistics and increase inthenumberofinhabitants. According - - Bonaz 185 - - highlighted the importance of natural heritage and heritage of natural importance the highlighted landscape conservation. This would prevent that the pre-ex jeopardizes the public use of the space system. isting natural Surveys the recognize to were in order carried out their opinions re type that visit the beach, of users the future. and their desires its conditions for garding can be analysis of the study area The overall thehand, one the on results: these into up summed urban- private of and the advance population growth the on beach, the to free access the hamper izations - pecially against tide changes and to add amenities and to tide changes pecially against both They spaces. and recreational bathrooms like María Elena Arce, Dr. in Biological Sciences; in this in this in Biological Sciences; María Elena Arce, Dr. bio- case, concerning interesting data she brought diversity conservation and public use of the beach. education environmental of lack the on focused She the regarding of inhabitants consciousness and - them and the inappropri landscape that surrounds fauna. and flora use of landscape that destroyed ate to spaces Both interviewees organizing suggested es security measures- take simplify to the access, — Principal elevated walkway detail (restoration area). Source: author’s area). (restoration detail walkway elaboration. 6 — Principal elevated Fig. page opposite Source: author’s area). (buffer equipment detail and shelter 5 — SecondaryFig. elaboration. walkway elevated 02 02 2017 186 ri-vista vironmental knowledge. generatinglandscape, spaces for publicuseanden- ofthecoastal theidentity andstrengthen degree order to reduce theanthropogenic transformation protect somebeach areas shouldbedeveloped in ofthestudyrevealThese results thatstrategies to ues anditsenvironmental andlandscapequalities. such as transformations in marine environment val age haveanimpactonthecoastal natural dynamics ofus and types ment together with thefrequency andequip- lackofservices other hand,thecurrent Fig. 7 —Vehicle elaboration. parkingwithdetail ofgabion planter (services andequipmentarea). author’s Source: - - • into account inthelandscapeproposal: dynamics. Thefollowing guidelinesshallbetaken the place byapplyingaproject natural thatrespects thenatural featuresproposal aims atpreserving of beach, the wind and the sea protagonists. are The al landscapeimage theplateau, where thesandy ecosystem values andhelpsto consolidate acoast project promotes users’ ofthecoastal awareness This vices disturbing onthelandscape. preventing the needfor aproposal thatimproves ser current All situations detected in the study area have shown The Design Proposal Vegetation: Theproposal theuseofnat ensures scape units. In places that are deterioratedscape units.In places that are by native species according to the different land- ural vegetation ofthedistribution of taking care - - - Bonaz 187 - - place, the intensity of the wind and water ero water and wind the place, of intensity the sion, materials were selected according to their their to were according sion, materials selected resistance, their adaptive conditions to abrasion replacement.and easy bus like use intensive for equipment envisages and bathrooms centers, interpretation stops, The plant and parking areas. roads playgrounds, is mostly shrubs in high flowerbedsed vegetation and provides access the delimit to helps that the wind. against areas shelter use and it has the op- by the anthropic affected : here the project Servicesequipment area and : here the project : Due to the natural conditions of the of the conditions the natural : Due to Materials Environment restoration area is the mostEnvironment restoration : this area • The proposal focuses on maximizing the detected focuses The proposal the to . Thanks main sectors in four potentialities where were detected map, sectors impact value interventionhuman whereand controlled be should the conservation option should be a priority. • • - posal implements in transit sector baskets, baskets, sector posal implements in transit and lights. banks, new roads. Their current Their the access design allows new roads. vehicles, namelyof some vehicles, but emergency police,ambulances, and fire vehicles, are unable ac the for are designed footpaths The enter. to cessibility of people with reduced mobility. nized, such as access areas, circulation areas, and circulation areas, areas, nized, such as access the same time, new land uses At resting areas. users’ to according incorporated and areproposed of the place.demands and the potentialities anthropogenic transformations, new vegetation new vegetation transformations, anthropogenic distribu- its natural to according will be planted such as texture, tion and characteristics smell, a minor and walkways, spaces In transit and color. number of species will be planted. - pro the sea, the enjoy to order In : Infrastructure : Current existing - areuses land reorga Current uses: Land : the proposal outlines walkways, and floors: the proposal Roads, • • • — Interpretation center and principal elevated walkway detail (services and equipment area). Source: author’s and equipment area). (services detail walkway elaboration. and principal elevated center 8 — Interpretation Fig. 02 02 2017 188 ri-vista crete, and gabions. andgabions. crete, elevated walkways madeofcorten are steel, con- Thestructural elementsandthe the architecture. informative integrated designandfurniture into arrival to thebeach. Intensive landuseareas have ways that facilitate pedestrian circulation and the project proposes acombination ofelevated walk small area in proportion to the total beach area. The proposal designequipmentoccupiesarelatively As itisestablished inthegeneral guidelines,the • • Buffer: thisarea isadjacent area to theeducational : thisarea ischaracterized area Educational nature ment, lifeguardsment, andinformative signs. shelter equip- ways (principalandsecondary), area. canbefoundnature There elevated walk informative signs. self-guided walkways withalookout pointand are there interpretation. Here ucation andnature offer specialopportunities for environmental ed- areadelimited asaneducationalnature which by afragile Thatiswhyit coastal landscape. of speciescomposition andcommunities. restoration focuses its efforts onrestoration the Theenvironmentaltation could beplanted here. nativevege Therefore, to berestored. portunity - - - trative ofourcol boundaries. Itisanessentialpart - unit thatmakes senseinitself, beyond itsadminis cultural seashore andecological isascenic, “The promoted.knowledge are andcare creatingable publicspace, areas landscape where lic uses. It allows enjoying the coast as a comfort its natural components through promoting pub andprotecting landscapeidentity at strengthening Thisproject therefore ofthelandscape. care aims to reachity thecoast andthe sea, butalsoto take Peoplewillhavethepossibil- access andpublicuse. to protect thecoastal landscapeandallowingfree er its value. In er its value. peoplecaninteractwhere - andreconsid withnature landscape atrisks bycreating potential usableareas es. The key suggested here strategy is preserving to influence people‘cultural appropriation’ process place cancontribute phenomenological perception built environments. Landscape projects basedon propriation’ and attitudestowards theirnatural and Human beings setvariable of ‘cultural degrees ap- attempt thistendency. to revert to the Thisworkresponds impact onthelandscape. ral environment haveasignificant andbiodiversity access to Disturbsonnatu- thePatagonian coast. territorialcurrent policiesdonotguarantee free towards ofthecity The expansion thesea andthe Conclusions Los Límites Beach it will be possible - - - - Bonaz 189 - - - Urbanizaciones privados en zonas zonas en privados Urbanizaciones , «Paisea.Tierra/Mar», 1, orilla, «Paisea.Tierra/Mar», otra La J. 2007, R., Rivera Rivera pp. 57-58. de las áreas reestructuración me La 2015, S. Vidal Koppmann El caso Buenos Aires: Inequi- en América Latina. tropolitanas deEncontro do X «Anais , territorial fragmentación social y dad 1, pp. 3-4. da America Latina», Geógrafos 2005, S. Koppmann Vidal 1, pp. 101. Ag», , «Revista costeras San Jorge, Ar del Golfo Geología de la Cuenca C. 2001, Sylwan Madrid. gentina, in Journal of Iberian Geology, Complutense, references Web < HT 2015 Y CENSOS, GENERAL DE ESTADÍSTICA DIRECCIÓN TP://WWW.ESTADISTICA.CHUBUT.GOV.AR> (11/15). TP://WWW.ESTADISTICA.CHUBUT.GOV.AR> (11/15). Google Maps