UK Live Music Census 2017 Full Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

UK Live Music Census 2017 Full Report Valuing live music: The UK Live Music Census 2017 report Emma Webster, Matt Brennan, Adam Behr and Martin Cloonan with Jake Ansell February 2018 Version 1.1. updated 28 Feb 2018 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Key findings ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Context ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Economic methodology ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 Chapter 1: The economic value of live music ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 2: The social and cultural value of live music ............................................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter 3: More than just music .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 32 Chapter 4: Valuing spaces for live music ............................................................................................................................................................................. 43 Chapter 5: Valuing smaller spaces for live music ........................................................................................................................................................... 49 Chapter 6: Challenges within the sector .............................................................................................................................................................................. 57 Chapter 7: Suggestions from respondents to the venue and promoter surveys as to how the government could improve the live music scene ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 82 Chapter 8: Snapshots of live music census cities ......................................................................................................................................................... 85 Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................................................................................................................................... 102 Collated list of recommendations ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 106 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 108 About the authors ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 109 About Live Music Exchange ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 109 Appendix 1: Characteristics of the sample ........................................................................................................................................................................ 110 Appendix 2: Definitions ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 115 Appendix 3: List of focus group participants .................................................................................................................................................................... 117 Appendix 4: List of profile interviewees .............................................................................................................................................................................. 118 References .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 119 Endnotes ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 127 Figures Figure 1: Musicians and membership ...................................... 18 Figure 20: Accessibility initiatives of respondents to the venue survey ............................................................................................ 41 Figure 2: Gender balance across different types of musician ...................................................................................................... 19 Figure 21: Significant venues named by respondents to the audience survey ........................................................................... 42 Figure 3: Median earnings per gig for professional/ semi-professional respondents to the musician survey Figure 22: Significant venues named by respondents to by gender .................................................................................................... 19 the musician survey ............................................................................ 43 Figure 4: Percentage of annual income by type of Figure 23: Venue types visited by respondents to the respondent to the musician survey ......................................... 20 audience survey for live music in the last 12 months .. 49 Figure 5: Annual income direct from live music of Figure 24: Venue types performed in by respondents professional respondents to the musician survey .......... 21 to the musician survey in past 12 months ........................... 50 Figure 6: Musicians’ other roles ��������������������������������������������������� 21 Figure 25: Venue types performed in by ‘emerging’ and ‘formative years’ musicians ............................................................. 51 Figure 7: Genres with which respondents to the musician survey most identify ..................................................... 23 Figure 26: Venue types most used by respondents to the promoter survey in past 12 months ................................ 52 Figure 8: Genres from which respondents to the musician survey earn money ������������������������������������������������������� 24 Figure 27: Types of ensemble hosted regularly by respondents to the venue survey .............................................. 53 Figure 9: Employment status of different types of respondents to the musician survey ....................................... 24 Figure 28: Venue types regularly hosting/promoting blues .............................................................................................................. 54 Figure 10: Audience spend over £20 per month on tickets and recorded music by age group of Figure 29: Venue types regularly hosting/promoting respondents to the audience survey ...................................... 25 classical ....................................................................................................... 54 Figure 11: Ticket reselling among respondents to the Figure 30: Venue types regularly hosting/promoting audience survey who had to resell a ticket in past 12 pop ................................................................................................................. 55 months ........................................................................................................ 26 Figure 31: Venue types regularly hosting/promoting Figure 12: Activities additional to live music of rock ................................................................................................................ 55 respondents to the venue survey .............................................. 32 Figure 32: Local factors having extreme, strong or Figure 13: Cultural value of respondents to the venue moderate impact on respondents to the venue survey survey ........................................................................................................... 33 ...........................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Post-World War II Jazz in Britain: Venues and Values 19451970
    University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk Faculty of Arts and Humanities School of Society and Culture Post-World War II Jazz in Britain: Venues and Values 19451970 Williams, KA http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4429 10.1558/jazz.v7i1.113 Jazz Research Journal Equinox Publishing All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. [JRJ 7.1 (2013) 113-131] (print) ISSN 1753-8637 doi:10.1558/jazz.v7i1.113 (online) ISSN 1753-8645 Post-World War II Jazz in Britain: Venues and Values 1945–1970 Katherine Williams Department of Music, Plymouth University [email protected] Abstract This article explores the ways in which jazz was presented and mediated through venue in post-World War II London. During this period, jazz was presented in a variety of ways in different venues, on four of which I focus: New Orleans-style jazz commonly performed for the same audiences in Rhythm Clubs and in concert halls (as shown by George Webb’s Dixielanders at the Red Barn public house and the King’s Hall); clubs hosting different styles of jazz on different nights of the week that brought in different audiences (such as the 100 Club on Oxford Street); clubs with a fixed stylistic ideology that changed venue, taking a regular fan base and musicians to different locations (such as Ronnie Scott’s Jazz Club); and jazz in theatres (such as the Little Theatre Club and Mike West- brook’s compositions for performance in the Mermaid Theatre).
    [Show full text]
  • Download This List As PDF Here
    QuadraphonicQuad Multichannel Engineers of 5.1 SACD, DVD-Audio and Blu-Ray Surround Discs JULY 2021 UPDATED 2021-7-16 Engineer Year Artist Title Format Notes 5.1 Production Live… Greetins From The Flow Dishwalla Services, State Abraham, Josh 2003 Staind 14 Shades of Grey DVD-A with Ryan Williams Acquah, Ebby Depeche Mode 101 Live SACD Ahern, Brian 2003 Emmylou Harris Producer’s Cut DVD-A Ainlay, Chuck David Alan David Alan DVD-A Ainlay, Chuck 2005 Dire Straits Brothers In Arms DVD-A DualDisc/SACD Ainlay, Chuck Dire Straits Alchemy Live DVD/BD-V Ainlay, Chuck Everclear So Much for the Afterglow DVD-A Ainlay, Chuck George Strait One Step at a Time DTS CD Ainlay, Chuck George Strait Honkytonkville DVD-A/SACD Ainlay, Chuck 2005 Mark Knopfler Sailing To Philadelphia DVD-A DualDisc Ainlay, Chuck 2005 Mark Knopfler Shangri La DVD-A DualDisc/SACD Ainlay, Chuck Mavericks, The Trampoline DTS CD Ainlay, Chuck Olivia Newton John Back With a Heart DTS CD Ainlay, Chuck Pacific Coast Highway Pacific Coast Highway DTS CD Ainlay, Chuck Peter Frampton Frampton Comes Alive! DVD-A/SACD Ainlay, Chuck Trisha Yearwood Where Your Road Leads DTS CD Ainlay, Chuck Vince Gill High Lonesome Sound DTS CD/DVD-A/SACD Anderson, Jim Donna Byrne Licensed to Thrill SACD Anderson, Jim Jane Ira Bloom Sixteen Sunsets BD-A 2018 Grammy Winner: Anderson, Jim 2018 Jane Ira Bloom Early Americans BD-A Best Surround Album Wild Lines: Improvising on Emily Anderson, Jim 2020 Jane Ira Bloom DSD/DXD Download Dickinson Jazz Ambassadors/Sammy Anderson, Jim The Sammy Sessions BD-A Nestico Masur/Stavanger Symphony Anderson, Jim Kverndokk: Symphonic Dances BD-A Orchestra Anderson, Jim Patricia Barber Modern Cool BD-A SACD/DSD & DXD Anderson, Jim 2020 Patricia Barber Higher with Ulrike Schwarz Download SACD/DSD & DXD Anderson, Jim 2021 Patricia Barber Clique Download Svilvay/Stavanger Symphony Anderson, Jim Mortensen: Symphony Op.
    [Show full text]
  • Premises Licence
    London Borough of Lambeth Public Protection 2 Herne Hill Road London SE24 0AU Tel: 020 7926 6108 Licensing Act 2003 Premises Licence Premises Licence Number 10/01265/PRMTRN/318 Part 1 – Premises Details Postal address of premises, or if none, ordnance survey map reference or description, including Post Town, Post Code Brixton Academy 211 Stockwell Road London SW9 9SL Telephone number 020 7771 3000 Where the licence is time limited the dates - Licensable activities authorised by the licence Films Performances of Dance Supply of Alcohol Live Music Late Night Refreshment Provision of facilities for Making Music Music and Dance of similar description Recorded Music Plays Provision of facilities for Dancing Provision of Entertainment facilities Times the licence authorises the carrying out of licensable activities Films Friday & Saturday 11:00 - 06:00 Sunday - Thursday 11:00 - 04:00 Performances of Dance Friday & Saturday 11:00 - 06:00 Sunday - Thursday 11:00 - 04:00 1 Supply of Alcohol Friday & Saturday 11:00 - 04:00 Sunday - Thursday 11:00 - 03:00 Live Music Friday & Saturday 11:00 - 06:00 Sunday - Thursday 11:00 - 04:00 Late Night Refreshment Friday & Saturday 11:00 - 06:00 Sunday - Thursday 11:00 - 04:00 Provision of facilities for Making Music Friday & Saturday 11:00 - 06:00 Sunday - Thursday 11:00 - 04:00 Music and Dance of similar description Friday & Saturday 11:00 - 06:00 Sunday - Thursday 11:00 - 04:00 Recorded Music Friday & Saturday 11:00 - 06:00 Sunday - Thursday 11:00 - 04:00 Plays Friday & Saturday 11:00 - 06:00 Sunday - Thursday
    [Show full text]
  • Eif.Co.Uk +44 (0) 131 473 2000 #Edintfest THANK YOU to OUR SUPPORTERS THANK YOU to OUR FUNDERS and PARTNERS
    eif.co.uk +44 (0) 131 473 2000 #edintfest THANK YOU TO OUR SUPPORTERS THANK YOU TO OUR FUNDERS AND PARTNERS Principal Supporters Public Funders Dunard Fund American Friends of the Edinburgh Edinburgh International Festival is supported through Léan Scully EIF Fund International Festival the PLACE programme, a partnership between James and Morag Anderson Edinburgh International Festival the Scottish Government – through Creative Scotland – the City of Edinburgh Council and the Edinburgh Festivals Sir Ewan and Lady Brown Endowment Fund Opening Event Partner Learning & Engagement Partner Festival Partners Benefactors Trusts and Corporate Donations Geoff and Mary Ball Richard and Catherine Burns Cruden Foundation Limited Lori A. Martin and Badenoch & Co. Joscelyn Fox Christopher L. Eisgruber The Calateria Trust Gavin and Kate Gemmell Flure Grossart The Castansa Trust Donald and Louise MacDonald Professor Ludmilla Jordanova Cullen Property Anne McFarlane Niall and Carol Lothian The Peter Diamand Trust Strategic Partners The Negaunee Foundation Bridget and John Macaskill The Evelyn Drysdale Charitable Trust The Pirie Rankin Charitable Trust Vivienne and Robin Menzies Edwin Fox Foundation Michael Shipley and Philip Rudge David Millar Gordon Fraser Charitable Trust Keith and Andrea Skeoch Keith and Lee Miller Miss K M Harbinson's Charitable Trust The Stevenston Charitable Trust Jerry Ozaniec The Inches Carr Trust Claire and Mark Urquhart Sarah and Spiro Phanos Jean and Roger Miller's Charitable Trust Brenda Rennie Penpont Charitable Trust Festival
    [Show full text]
  • Varsity Jazz
    Varsity Jazz Jazz at Reading University 1951 - 1984 By Trevor Bannister 1 VARSITY JAZZ Jazz at Reading University 1951 represented an important year for Reading University and for Reading’s local jazz scene. The appearance of Humphrey Lyttelton’s Band at the University Rag Ball, held at the Town Hall on 28th February, marked the first time a true product of the Revivalist jazz movement had played in the town. That it should be the Lyttelton band, Britain’s pre-eminent group of the time, led by the ex-Etonian and Grenadier Guardsman, Humphrey Lyttelton, made the event doubly important. Barely three days later, on 3rd March, the University Rag Committee presented a second event at the Town Hall. The Jazz Jamboree featured the Magnolia Jazz Band led by another trumpeter fast making a name for himself, the colourful Mick Mulligan. It would be the first of his many visits to Reading. Denny Dyson provided the vocals and the Yew Tree Jazz Band were on hand for interval support. There is no further mention of jazz activity at the university in the pages of the Reading Standard until 1956, when the clarinettist Sid Phillips led his acclaimed touring and broadcasting band on stage at the Town Hall for the Rag Ball on 25th February, supported by Len Lacy and His Sweet Band. Considering the intense animosity between the respective followers of traditional and modern jazz, which sometimes reached venomous extremes, the Rag Committee took a brave decision in 1958 to book exponents of the opposing schools. The Rag Ball at the Olympia Ballroom on 20th February, saw Ken Colyer’s Jazz Band, which followed the zealous path of its leader in keeping rigidly to the disciplines of New Orleans jazz, sharing the stage with the much cooler and sophisticated sounds of a quartet led by Tommy Whittle, a tenor saxophonist noted for his work with the Ted Heath Orchestra.
    [Show full text]
  • Systems Music on Spiro's Pole Star
    Systems music on Spiro’s Pole Star Balancing musical experiment and tradition in folk revival Gabriel Harmsen 6630030 Thesis BA Musicology MU3V14004 2019-2020, block 4 Utrecht University Supervisor: dr. Rebekah S. Ahrendt Abstract Theoretical frameworks of folk revival applied by folklorists and (ethno-)musicologists have related revival to identity formation of social groups (divided by class or race), local communities and national “imagined” communities. New theoretical models extend this framework with a transnational, post-revival perspective in which the focus lies on what happens after music traditions are revived. Instead of playing arbiter between “authentic” and imagined/reconstructed music practices, artists and scholars now re-explore creative balances between tradition/innovation, national/international, past/future, and even low/high art. Progressive revival genres have abandoned the concern for “authenticity” by merging traditional and modern musical idioms. Nonetheless, modern folk artists remain connected to an initial revival impulse because they depend on its commercial infrastructure and musical source material. In this thesis I investigate the combination of British traditional music and American minimalism through the post-revival lens. A case study of the album Pole Star by English folk band Spiro demonstrates what compositional techniques of systems music play a role in Spiro’s arrangements, and how they interact with historical melodies. The analysis exposes what musical characteristics of these opposite worlds blend together, coexist or clash with one another. The extended length and lyrical characteristic of historical melodies prove to be crucial factors in determining the crossroad between tradition and modernity in Spiro’s approach. 2 Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Teachers OK One-Year Pact Unanimously
    THE NEW Your want ad The Zip Code is easy to place 4 for Linden is -Phone 686-7700 which became a Suburban Publishing Corp. newspaper on July 2, 1964 An Official Newspap^’> + FPor o r The City of Linden 07036 Subscription Rate $6.00 Yearly Published Each Thursday by Suburban Publishing Carp. J a y 20 Cents Per Copy LINDEN, N.J., THURSI SEPTEMBER 6, 1973- Second Class Postage Paid of Linden, N.J. VOL. 19 NO. 54 •J1P North Wood ova.. Linden, N.J. 07036 ESSO HAS DATA Teachers OK Linden air quality look*n^ Anyone who doubts that air quality over records a wealth of information concerning the Linden has improved in recent years would cleanliness of air over the local facility. one-year pact face the obstacle of research data compiled by As an example of air quality, from a pollution ERAMS-the Esso Research Air Monitoring standpoint, instruments now register ac­ Station, which has become one of the first ceptable regulatory levels for the sulfur dioxide privately-opera ted air quality monitoring units content of the atmosphere in the area, says Bob in American industry. Confer, Esso research associate involved in the Operated by the Linden company’s Medical unit. “ Five years ago,” he adds, “ we were unanimously Research Division, ERAMS gathers and frequently recording much higher sulfure dioxide levels.” About 250 teachers approved by a unanimous Linden teachers worked without a contract To prove his point, he flipped through a decision Tuesday a one-year contract which throughout U*e 1972-1973 school year, although binder containing air quality data from as far will provide them with about a five percent the board adopted a salary guide last summer, back as 1968.
    [Show full text]
  • Sting: My Songs the Las Vegas Residency Coming to the Colosseum at Caesars Palace
    April 24, 2019 Sting: My Songs The Las Vegas Residency Coming To The Colosseum At Caesars Palace Tickets Go on Sale Friday, May 3, 2019 Shows Begin Friday, May 22, 2020 LAS VEGAS, April 24, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- The Cherrytree Music Company, Live Nation and Caesars Entertainment announce that 17-time GRAMMY Award winning musician Sting will headline a Las Vegas residency, "My Songs," set to open at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace Friday, May 22, 2020. The show will present a compendium of Sting's songs with dynamic, visual references to some of his most iconic videos and inspirations. Tickets will go on sale to the public Friday, May 3 at 10 a.m. PT. Sting.com fan club members will have first access to a presale beginning Thursday, April 25 at 10 a.m. PT through Thursday, May 2 at 10 p.m. PT. (For more information, please visit https://www.sting.com/subscribe.) Citi is the official presale credit card of Sting's "My Songs" residency at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace. As such, Citi cardmembers will have access to purchase presale tickets beginning Monday, April 29 at 10 a.m. PT until Thursday, May 2 at 10 p.m. PT through Citi EntertainmentSM. For complete presale details visit www.citientertainment.com. In addition, Caesars Rewards members, Caesars Entertainment's loyalty program, as well as Live Nation, Ticketmaster and SiriusXM customers will have access to a presale running Wednesday, May 1 at 10 a.m. PT through Thursday, May 2 at 10 p.m. PT. General ticket prices begin at $59, and a limited number of VIP meet & greet packages are also available for each show.
    [Show full text]
  • Atom Smashers
    Atom Smashers This is a pretty old track - probably made around 2011 or so. To be honest I am a little ashamed about the fact that half the tracks on this album have been around for absolutely ages. Many have been sat on Soundcloud, there for all the world to hear. This feels like I’m short changing the people who buy the album somehow. But my thinking was this: if you’ve been working on tracks for ten years and you want to make a new album, then why not simply select the best ones that fit together with some kind of unifying concept? Why not just try making the best album you possibly can from the material available? So that’s what I did. I’m sincerely hoping that the next album will be 100% new and shiny. In fact I culled one killer new track off this one because I felt it would better suit the concept for the next one, which is already in progress as we speak. Anyway, enough of such distractions, what about atoms? Musical Energy: Repetition is a Microscope The ability to play with time is the most compelling thing about music, and especially electronic music, for me. Taking many days to construct a few minutes of auditory experience is a strange and wonderful process. Ever since I discovered as a child the ability to record audio on a tape machine, I’ve been fascinated by it. Even things that are nowadays trivial, such as recording something and playing it backwards, is still captivating to me.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexandra Palace and Park the Peoples Palace
    Alexandra Palace and Park The Peoples Palace OPTIONS APPRAISAL APRIL 2011 FOR ALEXANDRA PALACE AND PARK REGENERATION WORKING GROUP COLLIERS INTERNATIONAL UK PLC Company registered in England and Wales no. 4195561 Registered Office: 9 Marylebone Lane London W1U 1HL Tel: +44 (0) 20 7935 4499 www.colliers.com/uk Jim Roberts – Project Director [email protected] Version Control Status FINAL Project ID B57899 Filename/Document ID J1101 APP Report FINAL 110418 Last Saved 18 April 2011 Owner Jim Roberts Director Jim Roberts Approved by Dan Anderson Date Approved 18th April 2010 COLLIERS INTERNATIONAL 2 of 114 Alexandra Palace & Park Options Appraisal TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Background to the Options Appraisal 5 1.2 Strategic Direction of Alexandra Palace & Park 5 1.3 Destination Analysis 6 1.4 Market Demand 7 1.5 Options Appraisal 8 1.6 Preferred Strategic Concept & Possible Contents 9 1.7 Recommendation & Next Steps 10 MAIN REPORT 1 Introduction 14 1.1 Scope of Work 14 1.2 The Client Body and Stakeholders 15 2 Strategic Direction of Alexandra Palace and Park 18 2.1 Vision and Mission 18 2.2 Charitable Status and Heritage 18 2.3 Some of the Challenges and Recent History 19 2.4 The Long Term Objectives and Aspirations 20 2.5 The Need for a Strategic Concept 20 3 Destination Analysis 21 3.1 The Park 21 3.2 The Palace 26 3.3 Access and Transport 29 3.4 Planning Context 33 3.5 Review of Current Operation 36 3.6 Review of Restorative Cost Estimates 39 4 Market Demand Analysis 41 4.1 Day Visitor Market 41 4.2 Tourist Market 47
    [Show full text]
  • D U Ly NEXUS
    D U L y N E X U S University of California at Santa Barbara Vol. 57, No. 51 Tuesday, November 23,1976 Local Unrest Rally Protests UCSB Enrollment Increases By Drew Robbins off the rally by giving background Bill Wallace, Third District information on enrollment at UCSB. Supervisor-elect, blasted the UCSB “Enrollment has been increasing ever Administration yesterday for their “lack since 1972,” she explained. “This ypar of concern and sensitivity”' in dealing the increase was only 70 people, but with increased enrollment. you’ve got to remember that for each Speaking at a Storke Plaza rally student there iwill be 1.1 more people on sponsored by IVCC and Praxis, Wallace the South Coast,” Davis said, explaining and. Praxis members Dave Stafford and the “multiplier effect” which figures a Ann Davis addressed a crowd of about SO 1.1 increase in South Coast residents to PRAXIS MEMBER D'A VE STAFFORD addressed a crowd of about 50 people Students. The main thrust of their talk provide products and services for each yesterday in Storke Plaza as part o f a rally calling for action by the UCSB was the effect of increased enrollment on additional UCSB student. administration to reduce enrollment. the housing in Isla Vista. Davis went on to cite a government Photo by Matt Pfefftr Davis, also a Leg Council member, led survey conducted at Berkeley two years ago. “The sutvey found that there should be over a five percent vacancy rate, Berkeley Judge Grants Four Students anything less is an emergency situation,” Davis noted.
    [Show full text]
  • A NEAR and FAR MAP SITE-SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE By
    THE THINGMOUNT WORKING PAPER SERIES ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONSERVATION A NEAR AND FAR MAP SITE-SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE by Hester Reeve TWP 99-08 ISSN: 1362 - 7066 (Print) ISSN: 1474 - 256X (On-line) Published by: Department of Philosophy. Lancaster University. Furness College. Lancaster LA14YCJ. UK Tel: 0152465201 ; fax: 01524592503 e-mail: [email protected] THE THINGMOUNT WORKING PAPER SERIES ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONSERV A TION A NEAR AND FAR MAP SITE-SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE by Hester Reeve [This performance was presented at a conference on Aesthetic Knowledge and a Sense of Place held at Lancaster University, 15-16 May 1998] TWP 99-08 Hester Reeve ISSN 1362- 7066 A Near and Far Map was performed by Hester Reeve, Saturday 16th 5:30pm Hester Reeve is a fine artist (graduating from a joint degree at Newcastle Upon Tyne Polytechnic and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago) who recently completed an MA in Values and the Environment at Lancaster University Philosophy Department. Her main medium of communication is through live 'embodied' ideas. She has been showing these performance works internationally over the past ten years mainly in site-specific locations. Since 1992, when the artist worked with the environmental movement in the Czech Republic, Reeve's work has engaged with revealing and challenging the ways in which we 'know' and relate to 'nature'. Her work methodology is to situate her exploration and the resulting 'event of thought' within liminality (i.e. the state of being on the threshold; a no man's land where the 'voice' desires to climb out of cultural patterns).
    [Show full text]