SENGI BIBLIOGRAPHY A TEMPORARY FILE UNTIL SEARCHABLE ON-LINE FUNCTION IS ACTIVATED .\ 26 June 2015

• Adaci, M., Tabuce, R., Mebroukc, F., Bensalah, M., Fabre, P., Hautier, L., Jaeger, J., Lazzari, V., Mahboubic, M., Marivaux, L., Otero, O., Peigné, S. & Tong, H. 2007. Nouveaux sites à vertébrés paléogènes dans la région des Gour Lazib (Sahara nord- occidental, Algérie). Comptes Rendus Palevo, 6, 535-544. • Agacino, E. M. 1935. Sobre algunos insectivoros de Saint Joseph de Luluabourg (Congo Belge). Boletin de la sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 35, 17-23. • Agacino, E. M. 1940. Additions a la fauna mastozoologique du territoire d'Ifni. Mammalia, 4, 59-62. • Aggundey, I. R. & Schlitter, D. A. 1986. Annotated checklist of the of Kenya. II: Insectivora and Macroscelidea. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 55, 325-347. • Agnelli, P., Azzaroli, M. L. & Simonetta, A. M. 1990. Some remarks on the mammals of Somalia. Biogeographia (New Series), 14, 499-513. • Alibhai, S. K. & Key, G. 1985. A preliminary investigation of small biology in the Kora National Reserve, Kenya. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 1, 321-327. • Alibhai, S. K. & Key, G. 1986. Biology of small mammals in the Kora National Reserve. In: Kora: an ecological inventory of the Kora National Reserve, Kenya (Ed. by Coe, M. & Collins, N. M.), pp. 303-317. London: Royal Geographical Society. • Allard, M. W., McNiff, B. E. & Miyamoto, M. M. 1996. Support for interordinal relationships with an emphasis on primates and their archontan relatives. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 5, 78-88. • Allen, G. M. 1939. A checklist of African mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 83, 1-703. • Allen, G. M. & Lawrence, B. 1936. Scientific results of an expedition to rain forest regions of eastern Africa. III. Mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 79, 29-126. • Allen, G. M. & Loveridge, A. 1927. Mammals from the Uluguru and Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika Territory. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 38, 413-441. • Allen, G. M. & Loveridge, A. 1933. Reports on the scientific results of an expedition to the south-western highlands of Tanganyika Territory. II Mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 75, 47-140. • Allen, G. M. & Loveridge, A. 1942. Scientific results of a fourth expedition to forested areas in East and Central Africa. 1: Mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 89, 145-214. • Allen, J. A. 1922. The American Museum Congo Expedition collection of Insectivora. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47, 1-38. • Allison, A. C. 1948. The stomach in South African Insectivora, with notes on the organization of mammalian gastric glands. Journal of Anatomy, 82, 249-261. • Amin, R., Rathbun, G. B. & Andanje, S. 2011. Conservation concerns for Afrotheria in northern coastal Kenya. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 8, 15-16. • Andanje, S., Agwanda, B. R., Ngaruiya, G. W., Amin, R. & Rathbun, G. B. 2010. Sengi (elephant-shrew) observations from northern coastal Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History, 99, 1-8. • Anderson, J. 1892. On a small collection of mammals, reptiles, and batrachians from Barbary. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1982, 3-24. • Andrews, C. W. 1914. On the lower Miocene vertebrates from British East Africa collected by Dr. Felix Oswald. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 70, 163-186. • Andrews, P. & Couvering, J. A. H. v. 1975. Palaeoenvironments in the East African Miocene. Contributions to Primatology, 5, 62-103. • Anonymous. 1938. Communication. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord, 29, 195. • Anonymous. 1938. Communications. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord, 29, 13. • Anonymous. 1977. Oxford Expedition to the Viphya Plateau, Malawi, 1976. Bulletin Oxford University Explorer Club, 3, 55-68. • Anonymous. 2008. A discovery of elephantine proportions. California Academy of Sciences Member Publication, 2008, 3-4. • Anonymous. 2009. Mystery Sengi. Live - from the California Academy of Sciences, 14, 5. • Ansell, A. D. H. & Ansell, P. D. H. 1969. The four-toed elephant shrew. Black Lechwe, 7, 7-8. • Ansell, A. D. H. & Ansell, P. D. H. 1969. Petrodromus tetradactylus at Ngoma. The Puku, 5, 211-213. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1957. Some mammals from Northern Rhodesia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 529-551. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1960. Contributions to the mammalogy of Northern Rhodesia. Occasional Papers of the National Museums of Southern Rhodesia, 3, 351-398. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1960. Elephant shrew: a correction. Northern Rhodesia Journal, 4, 396-397. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1960. Mammals of Northern Rhodesia. Lusaka: The Government Printer. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1961. Northern Rhodesian Mammals. Northern Rhodesia Journal, 4, 528-535. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1963. Addenda and corrigenda to "Mammals of Northern Rhodesia". The Puku, 2, 14-52. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1963. Additional breeding data on Northern Rhodesian mammals. The Puku, 1, 9-28. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1965. Addenda and corrigenda to "Mammals of Northern Rhodesia" No. 2. The Puku, 3, 1-14. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1973. Addenda and corrigenda to "Mammals of Northern Rhodesia", No. 4. The Puku, 7, 1-18. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1974. Some mammals from Zambia and adjacent countries. The Puku, 1-49. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1978. The mammals of Zambia. Chilanga, Zambia: National Parks and Wildlife Service. • Ansell, W. F. H. 1989. Mammals from Malawi. Part II. Nyala, 13, 41-65. • Ansell, W. F. H. & Ansell, P. D. H. 1973. Mammals of the north-eastern montane areas of Zambia. The Puku, 7, 21-69. • Ansell, W. F. H., Benson, C. W. & Mitchell, B. L. 1962. Notes on some mammals from Nyasaland and adjacent areas. Nyasaland Journal, 25, 38-54. • Ansell, W. F. H. & Dowsett, R. J. 1988. Mammals of Malawi - an annotated check list and atlas. Cornwall, England: The Trendrine Press. • Appleton, A. B. 1928. The muscles and nerves of the post-axial region of the tetrapod thigh - Part I. Journal of Anatomy, 62, 364-400. • Appleton, A. B. 1928. The muscles and nerves of the post-axial region of the tetrapod thigh - Part II. Journal of Anatomy, 62, 401-438. • Archer, A. L., Collins, S. & Bampton, I. 1991. Report on a visit to Jozani Forest, Zanzibar. East African Natural History Society Bulletin, 21, 59-66. • Asdell, S. A. 1964. Patterns of mammalian reproduction. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. • Asher, R. J. & Lehmann, T. 2008. Dental eruption in afrotherian mammals. BMC Biology, 6:14, 11 pp. • Asher, R. J. & Olbricht, G. 2009. Dental ontogeny in Macroscelides proboscideus (Afrotheria) and Erinaceus europaeus (Lipotyphla). Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 16, 99-115. • Aulagnier, S. & Thevenot, M. 1986. Catalogue des mammiferes sauvages du Maroc. Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Serie Zoologie, 41, 1-164. • Austoker, J. 1950. On the structure and development of the bursa ovarica and infundibulum tubae in Elephantulus myurus jamesoni: with special reference to the ovarial bursa in mammals, and to its funtion. pp. 38: University of Witwatersrand. • Avery, D. M. 1992. Micromammals and the environment of early pastoralists at Spoeg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 47, 116-121. • Avery, D. M. 1998. An assessment of the Lower Pleistocene micromammalian fauna from Swartkrans Members 1-3, Gauteng, South Africa. Geobios, 31, 393-414. • Avery, D. M. 2001. The Plio-Pleistocene vegetation and climate of Sterkfontein and Swartkrans, South Africa, based on micromammals. Journal of Human Evolution, 41, 113-132. • Avery, D. M. 2003. Early and Middle Pleistocene environments and hominid biogeography; micromammalian evidence from Kabwe, Twin Rivers and Mumbwa Caves in central Zambia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 189, 55-69. • Avery, D. M. 2007. Pleistocene micromammals from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa: practical issues. Journal of Archaeological Science, 34, 613-625. • Avery, D. M. & Avery, G. 2011. Micromammals in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa, past and present. African Natural History, 7, 9-39. • Avery, D. M., Avery, G. & Palmer, G. 2003. Micromammalian distribution and abundance in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, as evidenced by Barn owls Tyto alba (Scopoli). Journal of Natural History, 39, 2047-2071. • Baba, M. L., Goodman, M., Dene, H. & Moore, G. W. 1975. Origins of the Ceboidea views from an immunulogical perspective. Journal of Human Evolution, 4, 89-102. • Baer, J. G. 1933. Contribution a l'etude de la faune helminthologique africaine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 40, 31-83. • Bagger, J., Halberg, K. & Nnyiti, P. Y. 1990. Observations of birds in Rondo and Litipo forests, South East Tanzania. A preliminary report of the Danish-Tanzanian ICBP expedition 1989. pp. 16. Copenhagen: ICBP, Danish Section, Zoological Museum, Institute of Population Biology, University of Copenhagen. • Baillie, J. & Groombridge, B. 1996. 1996 IUCN red list of threatened . Glan, Switzerland: IUCN, The World Conservation Union. • Baillie, J. E. M. & Butcher, E. R. 2012. Rhynchocyon sp. - Boni giant sengi. In: Priceless or Worthless? The world's most threatened species, pp. 84. London: Zoological Society of London. • Bain, O. & Quentin, J.-C. 1977. Developpment de Dipetalonema (A.) weissi, filaire de Macroscelide chez Ornithodore. Annales de parasitologie humaine et comparee, 52, 569-576. • Baker, A. J., McCafferty, K. & Hellmuth, H. 2005. Black-and-rufous sengi (Rhynchocyon petersi) at the Philadelphia Zoo. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 3, 6-7. • Baker, M. A. A. & Brown, J. S. 2012. Patch use behaviour of Elephantulus myurus and Micaelamys namaquensis: the role of diet, foraging substrates and escape substrates. African Journal of Ecology, 50, 167-175. • Balter, M. 1997. Morphologists learn to live with molecular upstarts. Science, 276, 1032-1034. • Baskevich, M. I., Orlov, V. N., Bekele, A. & Mebrate, a. 1995. Karyological comments to the list of Ethiopian mammals. In: Theriological Investigations in Ethiopia (Ed. by Sokolov, V. E.), pp. 32-58. Moscow: Nauka. • Baskevich, M. I., Orlov, V. N., Bekele, A. & Mebrate, A. 1995. New data on the karyotypes of Ethipian [Ethiopian] small mammals (Insecrivora [Insectivora], Rodentia). In: Theriological Investigations in Ethiopia (Ed. by Sokolov, V. E.), pp. 58-72. Moskva: Nauka. • Bauchot, R. 1978. Structures encephaliques et relations interspecifiques chez les insectivores et les primates. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 103, 195- 198. • Bauchot, R. 1979. Indices encephaliques et distances interspecifiques chez les Insectivores et les Primates II. Diencephale et thalamus. Mammalia, 43, 407-426. • Bauchot, R. 1979. Indices encephaliques et distances interspecifiques chez les Insectivores et les Primates. I. Encephale et telencephale. Mammalia, 43, 173-183. • Bauchot, R. 1982. Brain organization and taxonomic relationships in insectivora and primates. In: Primate brain evolution: methods and concepts (Ed. by Armstrong, E. & Falk, D.), pp. 163-175. New York: Plenum Press. • Bauchot, R. & Stephan, H. 1966. Donnees nouvelles sur l'encephalisation des insectivores et des prosimiens. Mammalia, 30, 160-196. • Bauer, C. R. 2001. Impact of commercial and subsistence practices on the Arabuko- Sokoke Forest in coastal Kenya, using an endemic mammal as an indicator species. pp. 49: Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond. • Bauer, K. & Niethammer, J. 1960. Uber eine kleine Saugetierausbeute aus Sudwest- Afrika. Bonner Zoologische Beitraege, 10, 236-260. • Baylis, H. A. 1934. On a collection of cestodes and nematodes from small mammals in Tanganyika Territory. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 13, 338-353. • Beaucornu, J.-C., Bach-Hamba, D., Launay, H., Hellal, H. & Chastel, C. 1983. Deux chiropteres peu connus de Tunisie. Mammalia, 47, 127-128. • Beaucournu, J. C. & Hellal, H. 1978. Liste annotee des siphonapteres de Tunisie. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique, 70, 524-537. • Beaucournu, J. C., Horak, I. G. & Fourie, L. J. 2003. Fleas of elephant shrews (Mammalia:Macroscelididae), and a new host and locality record for Macroscelidopsylla albertyni De Meillon & Marcus, 1958 (Siphonaptera, Chimaeropsyllidae). Ondeerstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 70, 251-253. • Bedford, G. A. H. 1920. Description of a new genus and species of louse from an elephant shrew. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 56, 87-90. • Bedford, G. A. H. 1932. A synoptic check-list and host-list of the ectoparasites found on South African mammalia, aves and reptilia. (Second Edition). Report of the Director of Veterinary Services and Industry, Union of South Africa, 18, 223-523. • Bedford, J. M., Mock, O. B. & Goodman, S. M. 2004. Novelties of conception in insectivorous mammals (Lipotyphla), particularly shrews. Biological Reviews, 79, 891- 909. • Benazzou, T. 1983. Le caryotype d'Acomys chudeaui capture dans la region de tata (Maroc). Mammalia, 47, 588. • Benoit, J., Crumpton, N., Merigeaud, S. & Tabuce, R. 2013. A memory already like an elephant's? The advanced brain morphology of the last common ancestor of Afrotheria (Mammalia). Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 81, 154-169. • Benoit, J., Crumpton, N., Merigeaud, S. & Tabuce, R. 2013. Petrosal and bony labyrinth morphology supports paraphyly of Elephantulus within Macroscelididae (Mammalia, Afrotheria). Journal Mammalian Evolution, 21, 173-193. • Benoit, J., Orliac, M. & Tabuce, R. 2013. The petrosal of the earliest elephant-shrew Chambius (Macroscelidea: Afrotheria) from the Eocene of Djebel Chambi (Tunisia) and the evolution of middle and inner ear of elephant-shrews. Journal of Systematic Palaeontologty, 11, 907-923. • Benton, M. J. 1988. The relationships of the major group of mammals: new approaches. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 3, 40-45. • Bequaert, J. 1922. The predaceous enemies of ants. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45, 271-331. • Berger, L. R., Keyser, A. W. & Tobias, P. V. 1993. Brief communication: Gladysvale: first early hominid site discovered in South Africa since 1948. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 92, 107-111. • Berman, S. L. 1985. Convergent evolution in the hindlimb of bipedal rodents. Zeitschrift fur die Zoologische systematik und evolutionforschung, 23, 59-77. • Bernard, R. T. F., Kerley, G. I. H., Doubell, T. & Davison, A. 1996. Reproduction in the round-eared elephant shrew (Macroscelides proboscideus) in the southern Karoo, South Africa. Journal of Zoology, London, 240, 233-243. • Bigalke, R. C. 1978. Mammals. Section 3.2, Menotyphla. In: Biogeography and ecology of southern Africa (Ed. by Werger, M. T. A.), pp. 989-990. Neatherlands: Junk, The Hague. • Birney, E. C. & Baird, D. D. 1985. Why do some mammals polyovulate to produce a litter of two? American Naturalist, 126, 136-140. • Blanc, M. 1935. Faune Tunisienne Dactylographiee en Trois Parties. 1. Mammiferes. Unpublished report. pp. 43. • Blaszkiewitz, B. 1992. Das nachttierhous im Berliner Zoo. 3, 135-146. • Bocage, J. V. B. d. 1880. Notice sur une nouvelle espece du genre Rhynchocyon, Peters. Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas Physicas e Naturaes, 27, 159-161. • Bocage, J. V. B. d. 1882. Liste des mammiferes envoyes de Caconda, Angola. Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas Physicas e Naturaes, 23, 25-29. • Boitani, L. 1998. African Mammals Databank - A databank for the conservation and management of the African mammals, volumes 1 and 2. Report to the Directorate- General for Development of the European Commission, Bruxelles. Project No. B7- 6200/94-15/VIII/ENV. Rome: Istituto Ecologia Applicata. • Bolin, J. F., Maass, E., Tennakoon, K. U. & Musselman, L. J. 2009. Host-specific germination of the root holoparasite Hydnora triceps (Hydnoraceae). Botany, 87, 1250- 1254. • Bond, W., Ferguson, M. & Forsyth, G. 1980. Small mammals and habitat structure along altitudinal gradients in the southern Cape mountains. South African Journal of Zoology, 15, 34-43. • Borgaonkar, D. S. 1967. Additions to the lists of chromosome numbers in the Insectivores and Primates. Journal of Heredity, 58, 211-213. • Borgaonkar, D. S. 1969. Insectivora cytogenetics. In: Comparative mammalian cytogenetics (Ed. by Benirschke, K.), pp. 218-246. Berlin: Springer. • Borgert, A. 1907. Bericht ueber eine Reise nach Ostafrika und dem Victoria Nyansa nebst Bemerkungen ueber einen kurzen Aufenthalt auf Ceylon. Sitzungsberichte der niederrheinischen Gesellschaft fuer Natur- und Heilkunde, 1907, 1-22. • Borghesio, L. & Ndang'ang'a, P. K. 2003. Habitat selection and the conservation status of Fischer's turaco Tauraco fischeri on Unguja, Tanzania. Oryx, 37, 444-453. • Bosch, H. 1992. Kurzohrrusselspringer (Macroscelides proboscideus. Lobbecke Museum + Aquazoo, Dusseldorf, 92, 55-60. • Bou, J., Casinos, A. & Ocaña, J. 1987. Allometry of the limb long bones of insectivores and rodents. Journal of Morphology, 192, 113-123. • Bouzouggara, A., Bartonb, N., Vanhaerend, M., d’Erricof, F., Collcutth, S., Highami, T., Hodgej, E., Parfittk, S., Rhodesm, E., J., S., Stringerk, C., Turnern, E., Wardo, S., Moutmirp, A. & Stamboulip, A. 2007. 82,000-year-old shell beads from North Africa and implications for the origins of modern human behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104, 9964-9969. • Boxberger, L. V. 1910. Wandertage auf Mafia. Globus, 98, 197-205. • Boyles, J. G., Smit, B. & McKechnie, A. E. 2012. Variation in body temperature is related to ambient temperature but not experimental manipulation of insulation in two small endotherms with different thermoregulatory patterns. Journal of Zoology, 287, 224-232. • Boyles, J. G., Smit, B., Sole, C. L. & McKenchnie, A. E. 2012. Body temperature patterns in two syntopic elephant shrew species during winter. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 161, 89-94. • Brain, C. K. 1981. The hunters or the hunted? An introduction to African cave taphonomy. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. • Brambell, M. R. 1975. The Charles Cloire Pavilion for small mammals. International Zoo Yearbook, 15, 79-84. • Brauer, K. 1969/70. Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen am Kleinhirn der Insektivoren. II. Das Kleinhirn von Sorex araneus und Elephantulus intufi. Journal fur Hirnforschung, 11, 537-548. • Brenner, S. 1946. The chromosome complement of Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 11, 71-78. • Brenner, S. 1947. Chromosome studies in Elephantulus. In: Department of Anatomy, Medical School. Johannesburg, South Africa: University of Witwatersrand. • Brenner, S. 1949. Multipolar meiosis in Elephantulus. Nature (London), 164, 495-496. • Brooke, R. K. 1973. Notes on the distribution and food of the cape eagle-owl in Rhodesia. Ostrich, 44, 137-139. • Broom, R. 1902. On the organ of Jacobson in the elephant-shrew (Macroscelides proboscideus). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1, 224-228. • Broom, R. 1915. On the organ of Jacobson and its relations in the "Insectivora"--Part I: Tupaiia and Gymnura. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 157-162. • Broom, R. 1937. On some new Pleistocene mammals from limestone caves of the Transvaal. South African Journal of Science, 33, 750-768. • Broom, R. 1938. Note on the premolars of the elephant shrews. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 19, 251-252. • Broom, R. 1948. Some South African Pliocene and Pleistocene mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 21, 1-38. • Broom, R. & Schepers, G. W. 1946. The South African fossil ape-men, the Australopithecinae. Transvaal Museum Memoirs, 2, 1-272. • Brosset, A. 1956. Le regime alimentaire de l'effraye Tyto alba au Maroc oriental. Alauda, 24, 303-305. • Brown, J. C. 1964. Observations on the elephant shrews (Macroscelididae) of equatorial Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 143, 103-119. • Bruce, D., Harvey, D., Hamerton, A. E., Davey, J. B. & Lady Bruce, R. R. C. 1915. Trypanosomes and other parasites of animals in Nyasaland. Report of the Sleeping Sickness Commission of the Royal Society, 16, 203-207. • Bruorton, M. 1992. Elephant-shrews - twitching trunks and monogamous mates. African Wildlife Leadership Foundation News, 46, 272-274. • Bruton, M. N. 1978. Recent mammal records from eastern Tongaland in Kwazulu, with notes on Hippopotamus in Lake Sibaya. Lammergeyer, 24, 19-27. • Buettner-Janusch, J. & Buettner-Janusch, V. 1963. Haemoglobins of two elephant shrews. Nature (London), 199, 918-919. • Buettner-Janusch, J. & Buettner-Janusch, V. 1964. Hemoglobins of primates. In: Evolutionary and genetic biology of primates (Ed. by Buettner-Janusch, J.), pp. 75-90. New York and London: Academic Press. • Buettner-Janusch, J., Buettner-Janusch, V. & Sale, J. B. 1964. Plasma proteins and haemoglobins of the African elephant and the hyrax. Nature (London), 201, 510-511. • Buettner-Janusch, J. & Hill, R. L. 1965. Molecules and monkeys. Study of primary structure of primate hemoglobin sheds light on organismal and molecular evolution. Science, 147, 836-842. • Bugge, J. 1972. The cephalic arterial system in the insectivores and the primates with special reference to the Macroscelidoidea and Tupaioidea and the insectivore-primate boundary. Zeitschrift fur Anatomie und Entwicklungs Geschichte, 135, 279-300. • Burgess, N. D., Fjeldsa, J. & Botterweg, R. 1998. Faunal importance of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania. Journal of East African Natural History, 87, 37-58. • Burgess, N. D., Kock, D., Cockle, A., FitzGibbon, C., Jenkins, P. & Honess, P. 2000. Mammals. In: Coastal forests of eastern Africa (Ed. by Burgess, N. D. & Clarke, G. P.), pp. 173-190;401-406. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. • Burgess, N. D. & Muir, C. 1994. Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa: Biodiversity and Conversation. Report of the Frontier-Tanzania Coastal Forests Workshop. pp. 55. London: Royal Society of the Protection of Birds. • Burkhart, D. 1973. Meet the golden-rumped elephant shrew. National Geographic Magazine, 143, iii. • Burton, M. 1955. Elephant shrews. The Illustrated London News, 226, 412. • Burton, M. 1962. Systematic dictionary of mammals of the world. London: Museum Press. • Butler, P. M. 1948. On the evolution of the skull and teeth in the Erinaceidae, with special reference to fossil material in the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 118, 446-500. • Butler, P. M. 1956. The skull of Ictops and the classification of the Insectivora. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 126, 453-481. • Butler, P. M. 1969. Insectivores and bats from the Miocene of East Africa: new material. In: Fossil vertebrates of Africa (Ed. by Leakey, L. S. B.), pp. 1-37. London: Academic Press. • Butler, P. M. 1972. The problem of insectivore classification. In: Studies in vertebrate evolution (Ed. by Joysey, K. A. & Kemp, T. S.), pp. 253-265. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. • Butler, P. M. 1978. Insectivora and Chiroptera. In: Evolution of African mammals (Ed. by Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S.), pp. 56-68. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. • Butler, P. M. 1980. The Tupaid dentition. In: Comparative biology and evolutionary relationships of tree shrews (Ed. by Luckett, W. P.), pp. 171-204. New York: Plenum Press. • Butler, P. M. 1984. Macroscelidea, Insectivora and Chiroptera from the Miocene of East Africa. Palaeovertebrata, 14, 117-200. • Butler, P. M. 1987. Fossil insectivores from Laetoli. In: Laetoli. A Pliocene site in northern Tanzania (Ed. by Leakey, M. D. & Harris, J. M.), pp. 85-87. Oxford: Oxford University Press. • Butler, P. M. 1995. Fossil Macroscelidea. Mammal Review, 25, 3-14. • Butler, P. M. & Greenwood, M. 1976. Elephant-shrews (Macroscelididae) from Olduvai and Makapansgat. In: Fossil vertebrates of Africa (Ed. by Savage, R. J. G. & Coryndon, S. C.), pp. 1-56. London, England: Academic Press. • Butler, P. M. & Hopwood, A. T. 1957. Insectivora and Chiroptera from the Miocene rocks of Kenya Colony. In: Fossil mammals of Africa, pp. 1-35. London: British Museum of Natural History. • Bytebier, B. 2001. Taita Hills Biodiversity Project Report. pp. 62 pp. Nairobi, Kenya: National Museums of Kenya. • Cabrera, A. 1912. Catalogo metodica de las colecciones de mamiferos del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Mardid. Trabajos del Museo de Ciencias Naturales Madrid, 11, 1-147. • Cabrera, A. 1925. Sobre algunos insectivora del Kasai (Congo Belga). Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanol de Historia Natural, 25, 20-22. • Cabrera, A. 1932. Los mamiferos de Marruecos. Trabajos del Madrid Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, 57, 1-361. • Calvery, T., Patzke, N., Kaswere, C., Gilissen, E., Bennett, N. C. & Manger, P. R. 2013. Nuclear organisation of some immunohistochemically identifiable neural systems in three Afrotherian species - Potomogale velox, Amblysomus hottentotus and Petrodromus tetradactylus. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 50-51, 48-65. • Campbell, C. B. G. 1974. On the phyletic relationships of the tree shrews. Mammal Review, 4, 125-143. • Campbell, C. B. G. 1980. The Nervous System of the : its bearing on phyletic relationships. In: Comparative biology and evolutionary relationships of tree shrews (Ed. by Luckett, W. P.), pp. 219-242. New York: Plenum Press. • Carlsson, A. 1909. Die Macroscelidae und ihre Beziehungen zu den ubrigen Insectivoren. Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fuer Systematik Oekologie und Geographie der Tierre, 28, 349-400. • Carpaneto, G. M. & Germi, F. P. 1989. The mammals in the zoological culture of the Mbuti Pygmies in north-eastern Zaire. Hystrix, 1, 1-83. • Carson, C. 1979. The tiny drummer...spectacled, long-eared and nimble. ZooNooz, 52, 16-17. • Carter, A. M., Blankenship, T. N., Kunzle, H. & Enders, A. C. 2004. Structure of the definitive placenta of the tenrec, Echinops telfairi. Placenta, 25, 218-232. • Carter, A. M., Enders, A. C., Kunzle, H., Odour-Okelo, D. & Vogel, P. 2004. Placentation in species of phylogenetic importance: the Afrotheria. Animal Reproduction Science, 82-83, 35-48. • Cartmill, M. & MacPhee, R. D. E. 1980. Tupaiid affinities: the evidence of the carotid arteries and cranial skeleton. In: Comparative Bbology and evolutionary relationships of tree shrews (Ed. by Luckett, W. P.), pp. 95-132. New York: Plenum Press. • Chaignon, H. d. 1904. Contributions a l'histoire naturelle de la Tunisie. Bulletin Trimestriet de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle des Amis du Museum Autun, 17, 1-115. • Channing, A. 1984. Ecology of the namtap Graphiurus ocularis (Rodentia: Gliridae) in the Cedarberg, South Africa. South African Journal of Zoology, 19, 144-149. • Chin, G. & Yeston, J. 2008. The largest of the small. Science, 319, 549. • Chitaukali, W. N., Burda, H. & Kock, D. 1999. Small mammals of the Nyika Plateau, Malawi. • Chitaukali, W. N., Burda, H. & Kock, D. 2002. On small mammals of the Nyika Plateau, Malawi. In: African Small Mammals (Ed. by Denys, C., Granjon, L. & Poulet, A.), pp. 415-426. Brondy, France: IRD, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement. • Chu, E. H. Y. & Bender, M. A. 1962. Cytogenetics and evolution of primates. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 102, 253-266. • Chubb, E. C. 1908. On some little-known South African mammals recently obtained in Rhodesia. South African Journal of Science, 1908, 171-174. • Chubb, E. C. 1909. A new elephant shrew from Johannesburg. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 1, 181. • Churchfield, S. 1987. A note on the diet of the rock elephant shrew, Elephantulus myurus, in Zimbabwe. Journal of Zoology, London, 213, 743-745. • Clancy, M. M., Woe-Coburn, M., Viner, T., Sanche, C. & Murray, S. 2013. Retrospective analysis of mortalities in elephant shrews (Macroscelididae) and tree shrews (Tupaiidae) at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park, USA. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 44, 302-309. • Clarke, G. P. 1995. Status report for 6 coastal forests in Lindi Region, Tanzania. pp. 63. London: Society for Environmental Exploration. • Clarke, G. P. & Dickinson, A. 1995. Status report for 11 coastal forests in Coast Region, Tanzania. pp. 113. London: Society for Environmental Exploration. • Clarke, G. P. & Stubblefield, L. K. 1995. Status report for 7 coastal forests in Tanga Region, Tanzania. pp. 67. London: Society for Environmental Exploration. Frontier- Tanzania Technical Report No. 16. • Clifford, C. M., Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. 1983. Clarification of the status of Rhipicephalus kochi Donitz, 1905 (Ixodoidea, ). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 50, 77-89. • Clover, P. E. 1968. Report on an ecological survey of the proposed Shimba Hills National Reserve. Unpublished Report by the Kenya National Parks. Nairobi, Kenya. • Coals, P. G. R. & Rathbun, G. B. 2013. The taxonomic status of giant sengis (genus Rhynchocyon) in Mozambique. Journal of East African Natural History, 101, 241-250 (2012). • Coe, M. 1972. The South Turkana expedition: scientific papers IX. The Geographical Journal, 138, 316-338. • Coe, M. J. 1970. The mammals of Turkana, Kenya. Journal of Applied Ecology, 7, 8P. • Coetzee, C. G. 1963. The prey of owls in the Kruger National Park as indicated by owl pellets collected during 1960-61. Koedoe, 6, 115-125. • Coetzee, C. G. 1969. The distribution of mammals in the Namib Desert and adjoining inland escarpment. Scientific Papers of the Namib Desert Research Station, 40, 23-36. • Coetzee, C. G. 1972. The identification of southern African small mammal remains in owl pellets. Cimbebasia, 2, 53-64. • Colbo, M. H. 1973. of Zambian wild animals: a preliminary checklist. The Puku, 7, 97-105. • Colbo, M. H. & MacLeod, J. 1976. Ecological studies of ixodid ticks (, Ixodidae) in Zambia. II Ticks found on small mammals and birds. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 66, 489-500. • Coldiron, R. W. 1977. On the jaw musculature and relationships of Petrodromus tetradactylus (Mammalia: Macroscelidea). American Museum Novitates, 2613, 1-12. • Colyn, M. 1986. Les Mammiferes de foret ombrophile entre les rivieres Tshopo et Maiko (Region du Haut-Zaire). Bulletin Institut Royal de Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie, 56, 21-26. • Colyn, M. M., Dudu, A. & Mbaelele, M. M. M. 1987. Donnees sur l'exploitation du "petit et moyen gibier" des forets ombrophiles du Zaire. In: Wildlife management in Sub- Saharan Africa - Sustainable economic benefits and contribution towards rural development (Ed. by Game, I. F. f. t. C. o.), pp. 109-145. Paris, France: International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation. • Conniff, R. 2005. Shrewd configuration. Smithsonian Magazine, 36, 26, 28. • Cooper, C. F. 1928. On the ear region of certain of the Chrysochloridae. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B, 216, 265-283. • Copley, H. 1950. Small mammals of Kenya. Nairobi: Highway Press. • Corbet, G. B. 1970. Patterns of subspecific variation. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, 26, 105-116. • Corbet, G. B. 1974. Family Macroscelididae. In: The mammals of Africa: An identification manual (Ed. by Meester, J. & Setzer, H. W.), pp. 1-6. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. • Corbet, G. B. 1995. A cladistic look at classification within the subfamily Macroscelidinae based upon morphology. Mammal Review, 25, 15-17. • Corbet, G. B. & Hanks, J. 1968. A revision of the elephant-shrews, Family Macroscelididae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 16, 47-111. • Corbet, G. B. & Neal, B. R. 1965. The of elephant-shrews of the genus Petrodromus, with particular reference to the East African coast. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 71, 49-78. • Corbet, G. B. & Yalden, D. W. 1972. Recent records of mammals (other than bats) from Ethiopia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 22, 213-252. • Cordeiro, N. J. & Pohjonen, V. 2003. Wahlberg's eagle preys on elephant-shrew in a Tanzania forest. Gabar, 14, 29-30. • Cordeiro, N. J., Seddon, N., Capper, D. R., Ekstrom, J. M. M., Howell, K. M., Isherwood, I. S. & Msuya, C. A. M. 2005. Notes on the ecology and status of some forest mammals in four Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania. Journal of East African Natural History, 94, 175-189. • Coster, S. & Ribble, D. O. 2005. Density and cover preferences of Black-and-rufous elephant-shrews (Rhynchocyon petersi) in Chome Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135 (Supplement), 175-177. • Cox, P. G. 2006. Character evolution in the orbital region of the Afrotheria. Journal of Zoology, London, 269, 514-526. • Cox, P. G. 2008. A quantitative analysis of the Eutherian orbit: correlations with masticatory apparatus. Biological Reviews, 83, 35-69. • Crandall, L. S. 1964. Order Insectivora. In: Management of wild mammals in captivity, pp. 45-55. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. • Crawford-Cabral, J. 1992. Parapatry as a secondary event. Garcia de Orta Serie de Zoologica, 19, 1-6. • Critch, P. J. 1969. The rock elephant shrew. African Wild Life, 23, 139-144. • Cronin, J. E. & Sarich, V. M. 1980. Tupaiid and archonta phylogeny: the macromolecular evidence. In: Comparative biology and evolutionary relationships of tree shrews (Ed. by Luckett, W. P.), pp. 293-312. New York: Plenum Press. • Cunningham, A. B. 1998. The ecological footprint of the wooden rhino - Kenya's carvings. Africa - Environment and Wildlife, 6, 43-50. • Cutler, J. B., Dumas, A. & Wynn, R. M. 1998. Immunohistochemical analysis of the interhemal membrane of the elephant shrew. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 46, 46-48. • Cuzin, F. & Séguignes, M. 1990. Capture d'Elephantulus rozeti (Macroscelidae, Macroscelididae) dans le Haut-Atlas maracain au-dessus de 2700 m. Mammalia, 54, 164-165. • Dachsel, M. 1964. Die Atlantische Elefantenspitzmaus. Aquarien und Terrarien Zeitschrift, 17, 217-219. • Dagg, A. I. 1982. What's in a sniff? International Wildlife, 12, 16-18. • Dalquest, W. W. 1965. Mammals from the Save River, Mozambique, with descriptions of two new bats. Journal of Mammalogy, 46, 254-264. • Dalquest, W. W. 1969. Additional notes on mammals from Mozambique. Journal of Mammalogy, 49, 117-121. • David, J. H. M. & Jarvis, J. U. M. 1983. Notes on two brief surveys of the small mammal fauna on the Rooiberg, Ludismith, southern Cape Province. South African Journal of Zoology, 18, 370-377. • Davis, D. H. S. 1959. The Barn Owl's contribution to ecology and palaeoecology. Ostrich, Suppl. 3, 144-153. • Davis, D. H. S. 1974. The distribution of some small southern African mammals (Mammalia: Insectivora, Rodentia). Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 29, 135-184. • Davis, D. H. S., Heisch, R. B., McNeill, D. & Meyer, K. F. 1968. Serological survey of plague in rodents and other small mammals in Kenya. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62, 838-861. • De Beaux, O. 1924. Mammiferi della Somalia Italiana Raccolta del Maggiore Vittorio Tedesco Zammarano nel Museo Civico di Milano. Atti Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali (Milano), 62, 247-316. • De Beaux, O. 1924. Mammiferi della Somalia Italiana. Elenco delle specie e sottospecie finora riconosciute presenti con annotazioni di Sistematica e Zoo- geographica. Atti della Societa Linguistica di Scienze Lettere, 3, 149-168. • De Beaux, O. 1934. Mammalia. In: Prodromo della Fauna delle Libia (Ed. by Zavattari, E.), pp. 886-899. Pavia: Ministrero delle Colonie, Tipografia gia Cooperativa. • De Blainville, H. D. 1838. Recherches sur l'anciennete des mammiferes insectivores a la surface de la terre. Annales Francaises et Etrangeres d'Anatomie et de Physiologie, 2, 186-222. • de Graaff, G. 1960. A preliminary investigation of the mammalian microfauna in Pleistocene deposits of caves in the Transvaal system. Palaeontologia Africana, 7, 79- 118. • de Graaff, G. 1961. On the fossil mammalian microfauna collected at Kromdraai by Draper in 1895. South African Journal of Science, 57, 259-260. • de Graaff, G. & Rautenbach, I. L. 1983. A survey of mammals in the newly proclaimed Karoo National Park, South Africa. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale Tervuren Belgique, Sciences Zoologiques, 237, 89-99. • De Jong, W. W. 1985. Superordinal affinities of rodentia studied by sequence analysis of eye lens protein. In: Evolutionary relationships among rodents. A multidisciplinary approach (Ed. by Luckett, W. P. & Hartenberger, J.-L.), pp. 211-226. New York: Plenum Press. • De Jong, W. W. 1998. Molecules remodel the mammalian tree. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 13, 270-275. • De Jong, W. W., Leunissen, J. A. M. & Wistow, G. J. 1993. Eye lens crystallins and the phylogeny of placental orders: evidence for a macroscelid-paenungulate clade? In: Mammal phylogeny; placentals (Ed. by Szalay, F. S., Novacek, M. J. & McKenna, M. C.), pp. 5-12. New York: Springer-Verlag. • De Lang, D. 1949. Communication on the attachment and the early development of Macroscelides (=Elephantulus) rozeti Duv., the North-African jumping shrew. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 28, 255-285. • De Winton, W. E. 1898. List of mammals obtained by Mr. R. McD. Hawker during his recent expedition to Somaliland. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1898. • De Winton, W. E. 1898. On a small collection of mammals made by Mr. C. V. A. Peel in Somaliland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 247-251. • Deacon, J. & Foster, C. 2005. My Heart Stands in the Hill. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. • Dean, W. R. J. 1973. Analyses of a collection of barn owl Tyto alba pellets from Warmbath, Transvaal. Zoologica Africana, 8, 75-81. • Dean, W. R. J. 1974. Analysis of Tyto alba pellets from Angola. Zoologica Africana, 9, 89-92. • Dean, W. R. J. 1975. Tyto alba prey in South West Africa and the Northern Cape. Zoologica Africana, 10, 217-219. • Delanoe, P. 1931. Le reservoir de virus du spirochete marocain, Sp. hispanicum S. de Buen, var. marocanum Ch. Nicolle et Ch. Anderson 1928. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 20, 286-314. • Delany, M. J. 1964. A study of the ecology and breeding of small mammals in Uganda. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 142, 347-370. • Delgado, S., Vidal, N., Veron, G. & Sire, J. 2008. Amelogenin, the major protein of tooth enamel: A new phylogenetic marker for ordinal mammal relationships. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47, 865-869. • Dempster, E. R., Perrin, M. R. & Nuttall, R. J. 1992. Postnatal development of three sympatric small mammal species of southern Africa. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 57, 103-111. • Dene, H., Goodman, M., Prychodko, W. & Matsuda, G. 1980. Molecular evidence for the affinities of Tupaiidae. In: Comparative biology and evolutionary relationships of tree shrews (Ed. by Luckett, W. P.), pp. 269-291. New York: Plenum Press. • Dengler-Crish, C. M., Crish, S. D., O'Riain, M. J. & Catania, K. C. 2006. Organization of the somatosensory cortex in elephant shrews (E. edwardii). The Anatomical Record Part A, 288A, 859-866. • Denys, C., Bogdanowicz, W. & Aulagnier, S. 1995. First record of Tadarida aegyptiaca (Chiroptera, Molossidae) from Morocco. Mammalia, 59, 266-268. • Dias, J. A. T. S. 1988. Una nova especie de carraca (Acarina, Ixodoidea) para a fauna de Mocambique Boophilus scheepersi n. sp. Garcia de Orta Serie de Zoologica, 15, 41-44. • Didier, R. 1951. Etude systematique de l'os penien des mammiferes. Insectivora. Mammalia, 15, 11-22. • Dieckmann, R. C. 1979. Note on the smaller mammals of the Hester Malan Nature reserve, Springbok, Namaqualand. South African Journal of Zoology, 14, 85-89. • Dobson, G. E. 1883. On the homologies of the long flexor muscles of the feet of Mammalia, with remarks on the value of their leading modifications in classification. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 17, 142-179. • Doggart, N., Perkin, A., Kiure, J., Fjeldsa, J., Poynton, J. & Burgess, N. 2006. Changing places: how the results of new field work in the Rubeho Mountains influence conservation priorities in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology, 44, 134-144. • Dollman, G. 1910. New African mammals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 92-97. • Dollman, G. 1910. On a collection of mammals made by Mr S.A. Neave during his expedition to Northern Rhodesia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8(5), 173- 181. • Dollman, G. 1911. On new mammals from East Africa, presented to the British Museum by Mr. A. Blaney Percival. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 652- 659. • Dollman, G. 1912. A new elephant shrew from the Island of Zanzibar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 130-131. • Dollman, G. 1914. Notes on a collection of East African mammals presented to the British Museum by Mr. C. P. Cosens. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1914, 307-318. • Dollman, G. 1914. Notes on mammals collected by Dr. Christy in the Congo and by Dr. Bayer in Uganda and British East Africa. Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 4, 75-90. • Doran, A. H. G. 1879. Morphology of the mammalian ossicula auditus. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 371-497. • Dorst, J. & Dandelot, P. 1970. A field guide to the larger mammals of Africa. London: Collins. • Douady, C. J. 2001. Molecular phylogenetics of the Insectivora. In: School of Biology and Biochemistry, pp. 205. Belfast, Northern Ireland: The Queen's University of Belfast. • Douady, C. J., Catzeflis, F., Kao, D. J., Springer, M. S. & Stanhope, M. J. 2002. Molecular evidence for the monophyly of Tenrecidae (Mammalia) and the timing of the colonization of Madagascar by malagasy tenrecs. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 22, 357-363. • Douady, C. J., Catzeflis, F., Raman, J., Springer, M. S. & Stanhope, M. J. 2003. The Sahara as a vicariant agent, and the role of Miocene climatic events, in the diversification of the mammalian order Macroscelidea (elephant shrews). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 100, 8325-8330. • Downs, C. T. 1996. Renal structure, and the effect of an insectivorous diet on urine composition of Southern African elephant-shrew species (Macroscelidea). Mammalia, 60, 577-589. • Downs, C. T. & Perrin, M. R. 1995. Renal structure and urine concentrating ability of southern African elephant-shrews. Mammal Review, 25, 95. • Downs, C. T. & Perrin, M. R. 1995. The thermal biology of three southern African elephant-shrews. Journal of Thermal Biology, 20, 445-450. • Dowsett, R. J. 1969. Luangwa Valley mammal notes. The Puku, 5, 220-222. • Dowsett, R. J. & Dowsett-Lemaire, F. 2005. The mammals of the Lower Shire Valley Wildlife Reserve (Lengwe, Majete and Mwabvi), Malawi. Nyala, 23, 3-14. • Dowsett-Lemaire, F. & Dowsett, R. J. 2007. Surveys of the vegetation, birds and mammals of Kipini Conservancy (Lamu and Tana River districts), Kenya, October- December 2006. Unpublished report, 55, 1-38. • Drake-Brockman, R. E. 1910. The mammals of Somaliland. London, England: Hurst and Blackett. • Du Toit, A. E. 1942. The nasal region of the chondrochranium of Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 33-49. • Du Toit, J. S. & Fourie, L. J. 1992. Bait preferences of the rock elephant shrew. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 22, 121-123. • Du Toit, J. S. & Fourie, L. J. 1994. The effect of feeding immature Karoo paralysis ticks Ixodes rubicundus (Acari: Ixodidae) on the metabolic rate of the rock elephant shrew. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 18, 167-175. • Du Toit, J. S., Fourie, L. J. & Horak, I. G. 1994. Detachment rhythms of immature Ixodes rubicundus from their natural host, the rock elephant shrew (Elephantulus myurus). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 61, 149-153. • Du Toit, J. S., Fourie, L. J. & Horak, I. G. 1994. Sequential feeding of Ixodes rubicundus on its natural host, Elephantulus myurus: effects on mass and on engorgement and moulting success. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 61, 143-147. • Du Toit, S. 1993. Ecophysiology and host status of the rock elephant shrew, Elephantulus myurus (Thomas & Schwann, 1906). University of the Orange Free State. • Duckworth, J. W., Harrison, D. L. & Timmins, R. J. 1993. Notes on a collection of small mammals from the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Mammalia, 57, 278-282. • Duffy, K. 1986. The Mbuti Pygmies, past, present and future. AnthroQuest, 34, 1, 16- 21. • Dumbacher, J. P., Rathbun, G. B., Osborne, T. O., Griffin, M. & Eiseb, S. J. 2014. A new species of round-eared sengi (genus Macroscelides) from Namibia. Journal of Mammalogy, 95, 443-454. • Dumbacher, J. P., Rathbun, G. B., Smit, H. A. & Eiseb, S. J. 2012. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the round-eared sengi or elephant-shrew, Genus Macroscelides (Mammalia, Afrotheria, Macroscelidea). PLoS (Public Library of Science) ONE, 7, e32410 (12 + 4 suppl pages). • Dunbar, R. I. M. & Bever, J. 1998. Neocortex size predicts group size in carnivores and some insectivores. Ethology, 104, 695-708. • Durden, L. A. & Musser, G. G. 1994. The mammalian hosts of the sucking lice (Anoplura) of the world: a host-parasite list. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology, 19, 130-168. • Duvernoy, G. L. 1833. Description d'un Macroscelide d'Alger. Memoires de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Strasbourg, 1, 1-25. • Eccard, J. A., Walther, R. B. & Milton, S. J. 2000. How livestock grazing affects vegetation structures and small mammal distribution in the semi-arid Karoo. Journal of Arid Environments, 46, 103-106. • Eisenberg, J. F. 1975. Phylogeny, behavior, and ecology in the mammalia. In: Phylogeny of the primates: a multidisciplinary approach (Ed. by Luckett, W. P. & Szalay, F. S.), pp. 47-68. New York: Plenum Press. • Eisenberg, J. F. 1980. Insectivorous mammals in captivity. International Zoo Yearbook, 20, 47-52. • Ellerman, J. R. & Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals, 1758 to 1946. London: British Museum of Natural History. • Ellerman, J. R., Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. & Hayman, R. W. 1953. Southern African mammals 1758 to 1951: a reclassification. London: British Museum (Natural History). • Elliot, D. G. 1897. List of mammals from Somaliland obtained by the Museum's East African Expedition. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History and Zoology, 1, 109-155. • Elliott, D. G. 1907. A catalog of the collection of mammals in the Field Columbian Museum. Field Columbian Museum Publication (Zoological Series), 8, 1-694. • Eloff, F. C. 1952. On the organ of Jacobson and the nasal floor cartilages in the chondrocranium of Galago senegalensis. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 121, 651-655. • Eltringham, S. K., Morley, R. C., Kingdon, J., Coe, M. J. & McWilliam, N. C. 1999. Checklist: Mammals of Mkomazi. In: Mkomazi: The ecology, biodiversity and conservation of a Tanzanian savanna (Ed. by Coe, M., McWilliam, N., Stone, G. & Packer, M.). London: Royal Geographic Society. • Emera, D., Romero, R. & Wagner, G. 2011. The evolution of menstruation: A new model for genetic assimilation. Bioessays, 34, 26-35. • Emerson, G., Kilpatrick, C. W., McNiff, b., Ottenwalder, j. & Allard, M. W. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships of the order Insectivora based on complete 12S rRNA sequences from mitochondria. Cladistics, 15, 221-230. • Eriksen, T., Halberg, K., Lehmberg, T. & Petersen, F. S. 1994. A survey of birdlife in five coastal forests of south-eastern Tanzania, 1993 - with notes on vegetation and the occurrence of mammals and butterflies. Zoologial Institute, Department of Population Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. • Eriksen, T., Halberg, K. & Petersen, F. S. 1993. A proposal for a conservation initiative for Rondo, Lipito, and Chiota forests, Lindi District, Tanzania. Zoological Institute, Department of Population Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. • Evans, F. G. 1942. The osteology and relationships of the elephant shrews (Macroscelididae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 80, 85-125. • Evans, T. D. & Cordeiro, N. J. 1992. Mammalia. In: A wildlife survey of the East Usmbara and Ukaguru mountains, Tanzania. The birds, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, fishes and mammals recorded by the Cambridge Tanzania Rainforest Survey 1990 (Ed. by Evans, T. D. & Anderson, G. Q. A.), pp. 65-67. Cambridge, U.K.: International Council for Bird Preservation, Study Report No. 53. • Fahrenholz, H. 1936. Zur Systematik der Anopluren. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde - Parasitology Research, 91, 50-56. • Fain, A. 1953. Notes sur une collection de rongeurs, insectivores et chauves-souris captures dans la region d'endemie pesteuse de Blukwa (Ituri: Congo Belge). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 48, 89-101. • Fain, A. 1970. Diagnoses de nouveaux de Lobalgides et Listrophorides (Acarina: ). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 81, 271-300. • Fain, A. 1971. Les Listrophorides en Afrique au sud du Sahara (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). II. Familles Listrophoridae et Chirodiscidae. Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antwerpiensia, 54, 1-231. • Fain, A. 1977. Observations sur la specificite des Acariens de la famille Myobiidae. Annales de parasitologie humaine et comparee, 52, 339-351. • Fain, A. 1991. Notes on some new parasitic (Acari, ) from Afrotropical region. Bulletin de l'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Entomologie, 61, 183-191. • Fain, A. & Lukoschus, F. S. 1976. Observations sur la Myobiidae d'Insectivores avec description de taxa nouveaux (Acarina: Prostigmates). Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antwerpiensia, 66, 121-188. • Faldborg, J., Halberg, K., Brammer, F. & Eriksen, T. 1991. Observations of birds and mammals in six coastal forests of Tanzania. Institution of Population Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. • Faldborg, J., Halberg, K., Brammer, K. & Eriksen, T. 1991. Observations of birds and mammals in six coastal forests of Tanzania. Preliminary report of the Danish- Tanzanian ICBP expedition 1990. pp. 44. Copenhagen: ICBP, Danish Section, Zoological Museum, Institute of Population Biology, University of Copenhagen. • Faurie, A. 1996. A comparative study of commuication in six taxa of southern African elephant shrews (Macroscelidea). University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. • Faurie, A. S., Dempster, E. R. & Perrin, M. R. 1996. Footdrumming patterns of southern African elephant-shrews. Mammalia, 60, 567-576. • Faurie, A. S. & Perrin, M. R. 1995. A histological investigation of the structure and distribution of scent glands in four species of elephant-shrews. Mammal Review, 25, 95-96. • Ferris, G. F. 1922. Contributions towards a monograph of sucking lice, Part III. Stanford University Publications, University Series, Biological Sciences, II, 135-178. • Ferris, G. F. 1951. The sucking lice. Memoirs of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society, 1, 1-320. • Fiedler, W. 1953. Die Kaumuskulatur der Insectivora. Acta Anatomica, 18, 101-175. • Filhol, H. 1892. Note sur un insectivore nouveau. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 8, 134. • Findlay, G. H. 1944. The development of the auditory ossicles in the elephant shrew, the tenrec and the golden mole. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 114, 91-99. • Findley, J. S. 1967. Insectivores and dermopterans. In: Recent mammals of the world (Ed. by Anderson, S. & Jones, J. K.), pp. 87-108. New York: Ronald Press Co. • Finn, C. A. 1986. Implantation, menstruation and inflammation. Biological Reviews, 61, 313-328. • Finn, C. A. 1987. Why do women and some other Primates menstruate? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 30, 566-574. • Fischer, C. 2006. Small mammals under influence of different land use in an arid ecosystem in Northern Namibia. In: Biologisch-Pharmazeutische, pp. 61. Jena, Germany: Friedrich-Schiller Universitat. • Fischer, J. 1830. Addenda, amendanda et index ad synopsis mammalium. Stuttgart. • FitzGibbon, C. D. 1994. The distribution and abundance of the golden-rumped elephant shrew Rhynchocyon chrysopygus in Kenyan coastal forests. Biological Conservation, 67, 153-160. • FitzGibbon, C. D. 1995. Comparative ecology of two elephant-shrew species in a Kenyan coastal forest. Mammal Review, 25, 19-30. • FitzGibbon, C. D. 1997. The adaptive significance of monogamy in the golden-rumped elephant-shrew. Journal of Zoology, London, 242, 167-177. • FitzGibbon, C. D., Mogaka, H. & Fanshawe, J. H. 1995. Subsistence hunting in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Kenya, and its effects on mammal populations. Conservation Biology, 9, 1116-1126. • FitzGibbon, C. D., Mogaka, H. & Fanshawe, J. H. 1996. Subsistence hunting and mammal conservation in a Kenyan coastal forest: resolving conflict. In: The exploitation of mammals (Ed. by Dunstone, N. & Taylor, V.), pp. 147-159. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall. • FitzGibbon, C. D. & Rathbun, G. B. 1994. Surveying Rhynchocyon elephant-shrews in tropical forest. African Journal of Ecology, 32, 50-57. • Fitzinger, L. J. 1867. Über die natürliche Familie der Rohrrüssler (Macroscelides) und die derselben angehörigen Arten. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 56, 1-28. • Fitzsimons, F. W. 1920. The natural history of South Africa. Mammals. London: Longmans, Green and Co. • Fleming, P. A. & Nicolson, S. W. 2002. How important is the relationship between Protea humiflora (Proteaceae) and its non-flying mammal pollinators? Oecologia, 132, 361-368. • Flower, S. S. 1931. Contributions to our knowledge of the duration of life in vertebrate animals.V. Mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1931, 145-234. • Ford, C. E. & Hamerton, J. L. 1956. Chromosomes of five rodent species. Nature (London), 177, 140-141. • Foskett, R. 1965. The Zambezi journal and letters of Dr John Kirk, 1858-63. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. • Fourie, L. J., Du Toit, J. S., Kok, D. J. & Horak, I. G. 1995. parasites of elephant-shrews, with particular reference to ticks. Mammal Review, 25, 31-37. • Fourie, L. J., Horak, I. G., Kok, D. J. & Van Zyl, W. 2002. Hosts, seasonal occurrence and life cycle of Rhipicentor nuttalli (Acari:Ixodidae). Ondeerstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 69, 177-187. • Fourie, L. J., Horak, I. G. & Marais, L. 1988. An undescribed Rhipicephalus species associated with field paralysis of Angora goats. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 59, 47-49. • Fourie, L. J., Horak, I. G. & Van Den Heever, J. J. 1992. The relative host status of rock elephant shrews Elephantulus myurus and Namaqua rock mice Aethomys namaquensis for economically important ticks. South African Journal of Zoology, 27, 108-114. • Frechkop, S. 1931. Notes sure les mammiferes. V. Note preliminaire sur la dentition et la position systematique des Macroscelidae. Bulletin Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de la Belgique, 7, 1-11. • Frechkop, S. 1938. Exploration du Parc National Albert - mission G. F. Witte (1933- 1935). Brussels: Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge. • Freitag, S. & van Jaarsveld, A. S. 1997. Relative occupancy, endemism, taxonomic distinctiveness and vulnerability: prioritizing regional conservation actions. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6, 211-232. • Frey, R. 1994. Der zusammenhang zwischen lokomotionsweise, begattungsstellung und penislange bei saugetieren. I. Testiconda. Zeitschrift fur die Zoologische systematik und evolutionforschung, 32, 137-155. • Frey, R. 1994. Der zusammenhang zwischen lokomotionsweise, begattungsstellung und penislange bei saugetieren. II. Testiphaena. Zeitschrift fur die Zoologische systematik und evolutionforschung, 32, 163-179. • Friant, M. 1935. La morphologie des dents jugales chez les macroscelidides. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1935, 145-153. • Friedmann, Y. & Daly, B. 2004. Red data book of the mammals of South Africa: A conservation assessment. Parkview, South Africa: Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (IUCN-SSC), Endangered Wildlife Trust. • Frontier Tanzania. 2001. Udzungwa Mountains biodiversity survey - New Dabaga/Ulangambi Forest Reserve, zoological report. pp. 144: Frontier-Tanzania, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London, England. • Frontier Tanzania. 2001. Udzungwa Mountains Biodiversity Survey - West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve, zoological report. pp. 168: Frontier-Tanzania, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London, England. • Frontier Tanzania. 2002. East Usambara Conservation Area Management Programme, Technical Reports 31 - 59. Frontier-Tanzania, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London, England. • Frontier Tanzania. 2004. Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve - a biodiversity survey (Report 110). pp. 131: Frontier-Tanzania, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London, England. • Frontier Tanzania. 2004. Ruvu South Forest Reserve: a biodiversity survey. Frontier Tanzania Environmental Research Report 111. • Frontier Tanzania. 2004. Ruvu South Forest Reserve: a biodiversity survey (Report 111). pp. 45: Frontier-Tanzania, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London, England. • Frontier Tanzania. 2005. Mtwara Reconnaissance Project. pp. 301: Frontier-Tanzania, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London, England. • Frontier Tanzania. 2005. Uluguru South Forest Reserve - biodiversity survey 2005, Vol. II (Report 118). pp. 161: Frontier-Tanzania, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London, England. • Frontier Tanzania. 2007. Biodiversity research and awareness in the lesser-known Eastern Arc Mountains, Vol. 1 - Mahenge Mountains, Ulanga District. pp. 263: Frontier- Tanzania, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London, England. • Funaioli, U. 1959. I mammiferi della Somalia. Rivista di Agricoltura Subtropicale e Tropicale, 53, 176-196. • Funaioli, U. 1971. Guida breve dei mammiferi della Somalia. Florence, Italy: Instituto Agronomico per l'Oltremare. • Funaioli, U. & Simonetta, A. M. 1966. The mammalian fauna of the Somali Republic: status and conservation problems. Monitore Zoologico Italiane (Suppl.), 74, 285-347. • Gagnon, M. 1997. Ecological diversity and community ecology in the Fayum sequence (Egypt). Journal of Human Evolution, 32, 133-160. • Gargett, V. & Grobler, J. H. 1976. Prey of the cape eagle owl, Bubo capensis mackinderi Sharpe 1899, in the Matopos, Rhodesia. Arnoldia (Rhodesia), 8, 1-7. • Garnham, P. C. C. 1966. Malaria parasites and other Haemosporidia. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. • Garnham, P. C. C. 1973. Distribution of malaria parasites in primates, insectivores and bats. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, 33, 377-404. • Geiser, F. & Mzilikazi, N. 2011. Does torpor of elephant shrews differ from that of other heterothermic mammals? Journal of Mammalogy, 92, 452-459. • Gerard, P. 1922. Les formations myometrials de gestation chez Nasilio brachyrhynchus. Annales de la Societe Royale des Sciences Medicales et Naturelles de Bruxelles, 1-6. • Gerard, P. 1922. Les modifications des vaisseaux uterins pendant la gestation chez Nasilio brachyrhynchus. Association des Anatomistes Comptes Rendus, 1922, 155- 163. • Gerard, P. 1923. Etude sur les modifications de l'uterus pendant la gestation chez Nasilio brachyrhynchus (Smith). Archives de Biologie, Paris, 33, 197-227. • Gharaibeh, B. M. 1997. Systemactics, distribution, and zoogeography of mammals of Tunisia. pp. 354: Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. • Gheerbrant, E. 1998. The oldest known probsocidean and the role of Africa in the radiation of modern orders of placentals. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 44, 181-185. • Gheerbrant, E. 2009. Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 106, 10717-10721. • Giesen, K. M. T., Spicka, E. J. & Whitaker, J. O., Jr. 1985. Two new species of the genus Psorobia, Fain 1959 (Psorergatidae: ) from two new host orders, Lagomorpha and Insectivora. Acarologia, 26, 147-153. • Gilbert, C. 1944. A study of the development of the paired post-renal segment of the inferior vena cava in Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 63- 78. • Gilbert, C. 1949. The embryology (somite-stages) of Elephantulus myurus jamesoni with a comparison of the embryology of other mammals. pp. 397: University of Witwatersrand. • Gill, T. 1875. Synopsis of insectivorous mammals. Washinton, District of Columbia: Department of the Interior, Government Printing Office. • Glover, T. D. 1968. The production of spermatozoa in some species of mammalian testiconda. International Congress of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, 6, 273-276. • Gobert, E. 1912. L'abri de Redeyef. Anthropologie (Paris), 23, 151-168. • Gombe, S., Odour-Okelo, D. & Else, J. 1980. The potential of African mammals on new models for research in human reproduction. In: Animal models in human reproduction (Ed. by Serio, M. & Martini, L.), pp. 345-358. New York, New York: Raven Press. • Goodman, M. 1963. Serum protein comparisons by two-dimensional starch-gel electro- phoresis and immunodiffusion plate reactions applied to the systematics of primates and other mammals. Proceedings of the XVI International Congress of Zoologists, 4, 133-143. • Goodman, M., Syner, F. N., Stimson, C. W. & Rankin, J. J. 1969. Phylogenetic changes in the proportions of two kinds of lactate dehydrogenase in primate brain regions. Brain Research, 14, 447-459. • Gosden, R. G. & Telfer, E. 1987. Numbers of follicles and oocytes in mammalian ovaries and their allometric relationships. Journal of Zoology, London, 211, 169-175. • Gosden, R. G. & Telfer, E. 1987. Scaling of follicular sizes in mammalian ovaries. Journal of Zoology, London, 211, 157-168. • Gotch, A. F. 1979. Mammals - their Latin names explained. Poole, Dorset: Blandford Press. • Goto, N. & Sasaki, S. 1992. Keeping short-eared elephant-shrews and breeding brush- tailed rat kangaroos. Animals and Zoos, 44, 4-7. • Graham, C., Hodin, J. & Wistow, G. 1996. A retinaldehyde dehydrogenase as a structural protein in a mammalian eye lens. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 15623-15628. • Grasse, P.-P. 1955. Ordre des insectivores. Affinites zoologiques des diverses familles entre elles et avec les autres orders de mammiferes. In: Traite de zoologie (Ed. by Grasse, P.-P.), pp. 1642-1653. Paris: Masson et Cie. • Grasse, P.-P. 1955. Ordre des Insectivores. Anatomie et reproduction. In: Traite de zoologie (Ed. by Grasse, P.-P.), pp. 1574-1641. Paris: Masson et Cie. • Gregory, W. K. 1910. The order of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 27, 1-524. • Gregory, W. K. 1920. Studies in comparative myology and osteology: No. IV. A review of the evolution of the lacrymal bone of vertebrates with special reference to that of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 42, 95-263. • Groombridge, B. 1993. 1994 IUCN red list of threatened animals. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN-The World conservation Union. • Grossman, A. & Holroyd, P. A. 2009. Miosengi butleri, gen. et sp. nov., (Marcoscelidea) from the Kalodirr Member, Lothidok Formation, early Miocene of Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29, 957-960. • Groves, C. P., Andrews, P. & Horne, J. F. M. 1974. Tana River colobus and mangabey. Oryx, 12, 564-575. • Grubb, P. 1983. The biogeographic significance of forest mammals in eastern Africa. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale Tervuren Belgique, Sciences Zoologiques, 237, 75-85. • Grzimek, B. 1983. Kenias aussergewoehnlichste Farm: Ein Ehepaar beschuetzt 64 Nashoerner. Das Tier, 2, 4-8. • Gubbay, V. 1956. A comparison of the development of the rudimentary eye of Eremitalpa granti (Broom) with that of the normal eye of Elephantulus myurus jamesoni (Chubb). South African Journal of Science, 52, 182-186; 193-198. • Guillaume, C. P. & Bons, J. 1975. Contribion a l'etude faunistique du futur Parc National des Ida-Ou-Tanane (Haut Atlas Occidental). II. Vertebres terrestres. III. Etude de certains milieux du Maroc et de leur evolution recente. Traveaux de la R.C.P., 249, 235-250. • Gunther, A. 1881. Notes on the species of Rhynchocyon and Petrodromus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881, 163-164. • Haeckel, E. 1866. Generelle morphologie der organismen. Berlin: Georg Reimer. • Hagey, L. R., Vidal, N., Hofmann, A. F. & Krasowski, M. D. 2010. Evolutionary diversity of bile salts in reptiles and mammals, including analysis of ancient human and extinct giant ground sloth coprolites. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10(133), 23 pp. • Haines, R. W. 1955. The anatomy of the hand of certain insectivores. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 125, 761-777. • Hallet, J.-P. 1967. Congo kitabu. New York: Fawcett Crest World Library. • Halstead, D. C. 1979. Birds and larger mammals of Zanzibar. East African Natural History Society Bulletin, ?, 41-45. • Haltenorth, T., Diller, H. & Hayman, R. W. 1980. A field guide to the mammals of Africa, including Madagascar. London: Collins. • Hanna, N. & Anderson, J. 1994. Njule 92, Final Report, assessing the status and distribution of the black-and-rufous elephant-shrew. Unpublished report. Oxford University expedition to Tanzania. Oxford, England. 67pp. • Hanney, P. 1962. Observations upon the food of the barn owl (Tyto alba) in southern Nyasaland, with a method of ascertaining population dynamics of rodent prey. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 305-313. • Happold, D. C. D. & Happold, M. 1986. Small mammals of Zomba Plateau, Malawi, as assessed by their presence in pellets of the grass owl, Tyto capensis, and by live- trapping. African Journal of Ecology, 24, 77-87. • Happold, D. C. D. & Happold, M. 1989. The mammals of Zomba - an annotated checklist and biogeographical appraisal. Nyala, 14, 5-20. • Happold, D. C. D. & Happold, M. 1992. The ecology of three communities of small mammals at different altitudes in Malawi, Central Africa. Journal of Zoology, London, 228, 81-101. • Harmsen, R. & Jabbal, I. 1968. Distribution and host-specificity of a number of fleas collected in South and Central Kenya. Journal of the East African Natural History Society and National Museum, 27, 157-161. • Harrison, A., Bastos, A. D. S., Medger, K. & Bennett, N. C. 2013. Eastern rock sengis as reservoir hosts of Anapasma bovis in South Africa. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 4, 503-505. • Harrison, A., Bown, K. J. & Horak, I. G. 2011. Detection of Anaplasma bovis in an undescribed tick species collected from the eastern rock sengi Elephantulus myurus. Journal of Parasitology, 97, 1012-1016. • Harrison, A., Robb, G. N., Bennett, N. C. & Horak, I. G. 2012. Differential feeding success of two paralysis-inducing ticks, Rhipicephalus warburtoni and Ixodes rubicundus on sympatric small mammal species, Elephantulus myurus and Micaelamys namaquensis. Veterinary Parasitology, 188, 346-354. • Harrison, D. L. & Bates, P. J. J. 1987. New records of a rare African shrew Crocidura butleri percivali Dollman, 1915 (Insectivora; Soricidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museum Wien (B), 88/99, 205-212. • Hart, J. A., Katembo, M. & Punga, K. 1996. Diet, prey selection and ecological relations of leopards and golden cat in the Ituri Forest, Zaire. African Journal of Ecology, 34, 364-379. • Hartenberger, J.-L. 1986. Hypotheses paleontologique sur l'origine des Macroscelidea (Mammalia). Comptes Rendus Academie Science Paris, 302, Series II, 247-249. • Hatt, R. T. 1963. The mammals of the Atlantica Ecological Research Station, Southern Rhodesia. Zoologica, 48, 33-48. • Hayman, R. W. 1951. Notes on some Angolan Mammals. Publicacoes culturais da Companhia de diamantes de Angola, 11, 31-36. • Hayman, R. W. 1963. Mammals from Angola, mainly from the Lunda District. Publicacoes culturais da Companhia de diamantes de Angola, 66, 81-140. • Hedges, S. B. 2001. Afrotheria: Plate tectonics meets genomics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 98, 1-2. • Heim de Balsac, H. 1936. Biogeographie des mammiferes et des oiseaux d L'Afrique du Nord. Supplements au Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, 21, 447. • Heim de Balsac, H. & Bourliere, F. 1955. Ordre des insectivores. Systematique. In: Traite de zoologie (Ed. by Grasse, P.-P.), pp. 1653-1697. Paris: Masson et Cie. • Heim de Balsac, H. & Verschuren, J. 1968. Exploration du Parc National de la Garamba: Insectivores. Kinshasa, Congo: Institut des Parcs Nationaux, Republique Democratique du Congo. • Helgen, K. M. 2003. Major mammalian clades: a review under consideration of molecular and palaeontological evidence. Mammalian Biology, 68, 1-15. • Heller, E. 1910. Appendix B - List of small mammals. In: African game trails (Ed. by Roosevelt, T.), pp. 397-416. New York, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. • Heller, E. 1910. New species of Insectivores from British East Africa, Uganda and the Sudan. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 56, 1-8. • Heller, E. 1912. New races of insectivores, bats and lemurs from British East Africa. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 60, 1-13. • Hellmuth, H. 2005. The taping of the shrews. Communique - American Zoo & Aquarium Association, 2005, 25-26. • Hendey, Q. B. 1978. Preliminary report on the Miocene vertebrates from Arrisdrift, South West Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 76, 1-41. • Herter, K. 1957. Das Verhalten der Insectivoren. In: Handbuch der zoologie (Ed. by Helmcke, J.-G., von Lengerken, H. & Starck, D.), pp. 1-50. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter u. Co. • Herter, K. 1968. The Insectivores. In: Grzimek's animal life encyclopedia (Ed. by Grzimek, B.), pp. 178-257. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. • Heyne, H., Ueckermann, E. A. & Coetzee, L. 2001. First report of a parasitic , Leptotrombidium (Hypotrombidium) subquadratum (Lawrence)(Acari:Trombiculinae), from dogs and children in the Bloemfontein area, South Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 72, 105-106. • Hill, J. E. 1938. Notes on the dentition of a jumping shrew (Nasilio brachyrhynchus). Journal of Mammalogy, 19, 465-467. • Hill, J. E. 1941. A collection of mammals from Dondi, Angola. Journal of Mammalogy, 22, 81-85. • Hill, J. E. & Carter, T. D. 1937. New insectivores, Elephantulus and Crocidura, from Angola, Africa. American Museum Novitates, 937, 1-3. • Hill, J. E. & Carter, T. D. 1941. The mammals of Angola, Africa. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78, 1-211. • Hill, W. C. O. 1948. Rhinoglyphics: epithelial sculpture of the mammalian rhinarium. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 118, 1-35. • Hillaire, G. 1829. Notice sur un nouveau genre de mammiferes insectivores nouvellement etabli par M. Smith, et nomme Macroscelides. Annaes de Sciencias Naturaes, 18, 165-173. • Hoesch, W. 1956. Das problem der Farbubereinstimmung von Korperfabre und Untergrund. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 7, 59-83. • Hoesch, W. 1959. Elefanten-Spitzmause in Freiheit und in Gefangenschaft. Natur und Volk, 89, 53-59. • Hoesch, W. 1959. Zur Jugendentwicklung der Macroscelididae. Bonner Zoologische Beitraege, 3/4, 263-265. • Hoesch, W. & von Lehmann, E. 1956. Zur Saugetier-Fauna Sudwestafrikas. Bonner Zoologische Beitraege, 7, 8-57. • Hoffmann, A. & Zeller, U. 2005. Influence of variations in land use intensity on species diversity and abundance of small mammals in the Nama Karoo, Namibia. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135 (Supplement), 91-96. • Hollister, N. 1916. Description of a new genus and eight new species of African mammals. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 66, 1-8. • Hollister, N. 1918. East African Mammals in the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 99, 1-94. • Holman, D. 1967. The elephant people. London, England: John Murray. • Holmes, M. & Gunton, M. 2009. Life in the fast lane. In: Life - Extraordinary Animals, Extreme Behaviour, pp. 204-205: BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) Books, Bristol, UK. • Holroyd, P. A. 2009. Past records of Elephantulus and Macroscelides: geographic and taxonomic issues. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 7, 3-7. • Holroyd, P. A. 2010. Macroscelidea. In: Cenozoic Mammals of Africa (Ed. by Werdelin, L. & Sanders, W. J.), pp. 89-98. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. • Holroyd, P. A. & Mussell, J. C. 2005. Macroscelidea and Tubulidentata. In: The Rise of Placental Mammals (Ed. by Rose, K. D. & Archibald, J. D.), pp. 71-83. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. • Holst, D. v. 1985. The primitive eutherians I: Orders Insectivora, Macroscelidea, and Scandentia. In: Social odours in mammals (Ed. by Brown, R. E. & Macdonald, D. W.), pp. 105-154. Oxford, England: Oxford University press. • Honacki, J. H., Kinman, K. E. & Koeppl, J. W. 1982. Mammal species of the world - A taxonomic and geographic reference. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. • Honeycutt, R. L. & Adkins, R. M. 1993. Higher level systematics of eutherian mammals: an assessment of molecular characters and phylogenetic hypotheses. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 24, 279-305. • Hoogstraal, H. 1950. Mission: Malaria. Natural History, 59, 104-111; 140-141. • Hoogstraal, H. 1956. African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus, and Hyalomma). Washington, D.C., USA: Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. • Hoogstraal, H., Huff, C. G. & Lawless, D. K. 1950. A malarial parasite of the African elephant shrew, Elephantulus rufescens dundasi Dollman. Journal of the National Malaria Society, 9, 293-306. • Hooker, J. J. & Russell, D. E. 2012. Early Palaeogene Lousisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164, 856-936. • Hoopes, P. J. & Montali, R. J. 1980. Tail lesions in captive elephant shrews. In: The comparative pathology of zoo animals (Ed. by Montali, R. J. & Migaki, G.), pp. 425- 430. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. • Hopwood, A. T. 1929. New and little-known mammals from the Miocene of Africa. American Museum Novitates, 344, 1-9. • Horak, I. G., Welman, S., Hallam, S., Lutermann, H. & Mzilikazi, N. 2011. Ticks of four- toed elephant shrews and southern African hedgehogs. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 78, 243 (3pp). • Houck, J., Lewis, C. & Smith, R. 1981. Captive husbandry and propagation of East African long-eared elephant shrew (Elephantulus rufescens). In: Recent developments in research and husbandry at the Washington Park Zoo (Ed. by Mellen, J. & Littlewood, A. L.), pp. 79-84. Portland, Oregon: Washington Park Zoo Research Center. • Howell, R. & Usdin, K. 1997. The ability to form intrastrand tetraplexes is an evolutionarily conserved feature of the 3' end of L1 retrotransposons. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 14, 144-155. • Hubbard, A. 1963. Fleas off 101 north-east Tanganyika shrews. East African Medical Journal, 40, 507-511. • Hubbard, A. 1967. Another two new fleas from Tanzania. Entomological News, 78, 257- 259. • Huet, M. 1881. Description d'une nouvelle espece de Macroscelide. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 5, 95-100. • Hufnagl, E. 1972. Libyan mammals. Wisconsin, USA & Harrow, UK: Oleander Press. • Hugot, J. P. & Cuisance, D. 1990. Etude morphologique de Parasubulura gerardi Berghep & Vuylsteke, 1938. Systematic Parasitology, 16, 67-76. • Ihlau, J., Kachel, F. & Zeller, U. 2006. Graphical description of the ventral side of a sengi's (Macroscelides proboscideus) skull. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 4, 11-12. • Ingersol, R. H. 1968. The ecological stratification of mammals in the Eastern Chercher Highlands of Harar Province, Ethiopia. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. • Ingles, J. M. 1965. Zambian mammals collected for the British Museum (Natural History). The Puku, 3, 75-86. • Jacobson, S. 1945. Evolution of blood supply to the brain with special reference to the lower mammalian forms Elephantulus myurus jamesoni and Erinaceus frontalis. pp. 70: University of Witwatersrand. • Jennings, M. R. & Rathbun, G. B. 2001. Petrodromus tetradactylus. American Society of Mammalogists, Mammalian Species, 682, 1-6. • Jentink, F. A. 1887. Cataloque osteologique des mammiferes. In: Revue methodique et critique des collections deposees dans cet Etablissement (Ed. by Schlegel, H. & Jentink, F. A.), pp. 1-360. Leide: E.J. Brill. • Jentink, F. A. 1887. On mammals from Mossamedes. Notes Leyden Museum, 9, 171- 180. • Jentink, F. A. 1888. Cataloque systematique des mammiferes (rongeurs, insectivores, cheiropteres, edentes et marsupiaux). In: Revue methodique et critique des collections deposees dans cet Etablissement (Ed. by Schlegel, H. & Jentink, F. A.), pp. 1-280. Leide: J.E. Brill. • Johansson, S. G., Cunneyworth, P., Doggart, N. & Botterweg, R. 1998. Biodiversity surveys in the East Usambara Mountains: preliminary findings and management implications. Journal of East African Natural History, 87, 139-157. • Johnson, J. I., Kirsch, J. A. W., Reep, R. L. & Switzer, R. C. I. I. I. 1994. Phylogeny through brain traits: more characters for analysis of mammalian evolution. Brain and Behavior Evolution, 43, 319-347. • Johnson, S. D., Burgonyne, P. M., Harder, L. D. & Dotterf, S. 2008. Evidence for pollination by small mammals in the parasitic plant Cytinus visseri (Cytinaceae). South African Journal of Botany, 74, 369. • Johnson, S. D., Burgonyne, P. M., Harder, L. D. & Dotterl, S. 2011. Mammal pollinators lured by the scent of a parasitic plant. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, DOI:10.1098/rspb.2010.2175. • Joleaud, L. 1934. La science au Maroc. La faune. I. Vertebres. 58th Session de l'Association Francaise pour l'Avancement de Science, 58, 251-280. • Jones, R. C. & Djakiew, D. 1978. The role of the excurent ducts from the testes of testicond mammals. Australian Zoologist, 20, 201-210. • Jones, T. & Rovero, F. 2002. Faunal Survey of West Kilombero Forest. pp. 5: Unpublished report. • Jooste, J. F. & Palmer, N. G. 1982. The distribution and habitat preference of some small mammals in the Rolfontein Nature Reserve. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 12, 26-35. • Kachel, A. 2006. Habitat Use of Elephantlus intufi: A radiotracking study in northern Namibia. In: Institut fur Biologie, pp. 54. Berlin, Germany: Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin (Vdm Verlag, Saarbrucken, Germany). • Kaudern, W. 1910. Studien uber die mannlichen Geschlechtsorgane von Insectivoren und Lemuriden. Zoologische Jahrbuecher fur Anatomie, 31, 1-106. • Kaufman, J. A., Turner, G. H., Holroyd, P. A., Rovero, F. & Grossman, A. 2013. Brain volume of the newly-discovered species Rhynchocyon udzungwensis (Mammalia; Afrotheria: Macroscelidea): implications for encephalization in sengis. PLoS (Public Library of Science) ONE, 8, e58667 (7 pp). • Kawamichi, T. 1992. Elephant shrew. The Animals on Earth, 39, 84-85. • Keirans, J. E., Backhurst, G. C. & Clifford, C. M. 1972. Description of the male of Ixodes walkerae with notes on the female and description of the male of Ixodes daveyi and Ixodes thomasae (Acarina: Ixoidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 85, 59-66. • Keller, C. 2005. Do small mammals affect plant diversity? Field studies in Namaqualand, South Africa, a biodiversity-hotspot. In: Department of Behavioural Biology, pp. 66. Munster, Germany: University of Munster. • Keppel, A. 1985. Elephantulus rufescens at the National Zoological Park. Animal Keepers' Forum, 392-396. • Kerley, G. I. H. 1989. Diet of small mammals from the Karoo, South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 19, 67-72. • Kerley, G. I. H. 1991. Seed removal by rodents, birds and ants in the semi-arid Karoo, South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments, 20, 63-69. • Kerley, G. I. H. 1992. Ecological correlates of small mammal community structure in the semi-arid Karoo, South Africa. Journal of Zoology, London, 227, 17-27. • Kerley, G. I. H. 1992. Small mammal seed consumption in the Karoo, South Africa: further evidence for divergence in desert biotic processes. Oecologia, 89, 471-475. • Kerley, G. I. H. 1992. Trophic status of small mammals in semi-arid Karoo, South Africa. Journal of Zoology, London, 226, 563-572. • Kerley, G. I. H. 1995. The round-eared elephant-shrew Macroscelides proboscideus (Macroscelidea) as an omnivore. Mammal Review, 25, 39-44. • Kerley, G. I. H. & Erasmus, T. 1992. Small mammals in the semi-arid Karoo, South Africa: biomass and energy requirements. Journal of Arid Environments, 22, 251-260. • Kerley, G. I. H., Knight, M. H. & Erasmus, T. 1990. Small mammal microhabitat use and diet in the southern Kalahari, South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 20, 123-126. • Kershaw, P. S. 1921. On some new mammals from East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 563-569. • Kershaw, P. S. 1922. On a collection of mammals from Chiromo and Cholo, Ruo, Nyasaland, made by Mr. Rodney C. Wood, with field notes by the collector. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, 177-192. • Kershaw, P. S. 1922. On a collection of mammals obtained by Capt. G. C. Shortridge in Northern Rhodesia, with field notes by the collector. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, 99-111. • Kershaw, P. S. 1923. Notes on mammals collected by Dr. H. Schoutenden in the Belgian Congo. Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 11, 355-368. • Kershaw, P. S. 1923. On a collection of mammals from Tanganyika Territory. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, 586-600. • Keymer, I. F. 1971. Blood protozoa of insectivores, bats and primates in Central Africa. Journal of Zoology, London, 163, 421-441. • Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. 1979. Evolution of the therian mammals in the late Cretaceous of Asia. Part III. Postcranial skeleton in Zalambdalestidae. Palaeontologia Polonica, 38, 5-41. • Kilonzo, B., Mhina, J., Sabuni, C. & Mgode, G. 2005. The role of rodents and small carnivores in plague endemicity in Tanzania. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135 (Supplement), 119-125. • Kindahl, M. 1957. Some observations on the development of the tooth in Elephantulus myurus jamesoni. Arkiv for Zoologi, 11, 21-29. • Kindahl, M. E. 1967. Some comparative aspects of the reduction of the premolars in the Insectivora. Journal of Dental Research, Supplement 5, 804-808. • Kingdon, J. 1971. East African mammals; An atlas of evolution in Africa. New York, New York: Academic Press. • Kingdon, J. 1974. East African mammals; An atlas of evolution in Africa. New York, New York: Academic Press. • Kingdon, J. 1981. Where have the colonists come from? A zoogeographical examination of some mammalian isolates in eastern Africa. African Journal of Ecology, 19, 115-124. • Kingdon, J. 1989. Island Africa. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. • Kingdon, J. 1997. The Kingdon field guide to African mammals. New York, NY: Academic Press. • Kingdon, J. 2013. Mammalian Evolution in Africa (Chapter 6). In: Mammals of Africa, Volume I (Ed. by Kingdon, J., Happld, D., Hoffmann, M., Butynski, T., Happold, M. & Kalina, J.), pp. 75-100. London: Bloomsbury. • Kingdon, J. & Howell, K. M. 1993. Mammals in the forests of eastern Africa. In: Biogeography and ecology of the rain forests of eastern Africa (Ed. by Lovett, J. C. & Wasser.SK), pp. 229-241. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. • Kingdon, J., Seiffert, E. R., Hedges, S. B. & Rathbun, G. 2013. Supercohort Afrotheria. In: Mammals of Africa, Volume I (Ed. by Kingdon, J., Happld, D., Hoffmann, M., Butynski, T., Happold, M. & Kalina, J.), pp. 143-146. London: Bloombury. • Kirsch, J. A. W., Johnson, J. I. & Switzer, R. C. 1983. Phylogeny through brain traits: the Mammalian family tree. Brain and Behavior Evolution, 22, 70-74. • Kiwia, H. Y. D. 2006. Species richness and abundance estimates of small mammals in Zaraninge coastal forest in Tanzania. Tanzanian Journal of Science, 32, 51-60. • Klaauw, C. J. v. d. 1929. On the development of the tympanic region of the skull in the Macroscelididae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1929, 490-560. • Klaauw, C. J. v. d. 1931. The auditory bulla in some fossil mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 62, 1-352. • Klaptocz, B. 1909. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Saeuger von Tripoli und Barka. Zoologische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, 27, 237-272. • Knight, M. K. 1945. The cell masses in the forebrain of the elephant shrew. South African Journal of Science, 41, 328. • Kock, D. 1980. Elephantulus rozeti (Duvernoy, 1833) in Tunisien. African Small Mammal Newsletter, 5, 10-12. • Kok, D. J., Parker, D. M. & Barker, N. P. 2012. Life on high: the diversity of small mammals at high altitude in South Africa. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21, 2823- 2843. • Kolebinova, M. 1979. Leptotrombium (Ericotrombium) rheinwaldi n. sp., a new larval Trombuliculidae (Acarina) from Morocco. Bonner Zoologische Beitraege, 30, 487-490. • Kolebinova, M. 1981. Neotrombicula (Neotrombiculoides) elegantissima n. sp., an elephant shrew parasite from Tanzania. Senckenbergiana Biolgoica, 61, 293-296. • Kollmann, M. 1914. Liste des mammiferes rapportes par M. Guy Babault du British East Africa. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 20, 319-321. • Koontz, F. W. 1981. Long-eared elephant shrew, Elephantulus rufescens. American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums Infant/Diet Care Notebook. • Koontz, F. W. 1982. An inexpensive one-way screen for observing and photographing animals. Animal Keepers' Forum, 29-30. • Koontz, F. W. 1984. Sternal gland scent communication in the rufous elephant-shrew, Elephantulus rufescens Peters, with additional observations on behavior and reproduction in captivity. pp. 411: University of Maryland. • Koontz, F. W. & Roeper, N. J. 1983. Elephantulus rufescens. American Society of Mammalogists, Mammalian Species, 204, 1-5. • Koontz, F. W., Wellington, J. L. & Weldon, P. J. 1999. The sternal gland of the rufous elephant-shrew, Elephantulus rufescens (Macroscelidea, Mammalia): anatomy, maturation, and secretion composition. In: Advances in Chemical Signals in Vertebrates (Ed. by Johnson, R. E., Muller-Schwarze, D. & Sorenson, P. W.), pp. 163- 171. New York: Plenum Publishers. • Korn, H. 1992. Intestine lengths of southern African savanna rodents and insectivores: intra- and interspecific comparisons. Journal of Zoology, London, 228, 455-460. • Kotsakis, T. 1984. Crocidura esui, n. sp. (Soricidae, Insectivora) du Pleistocene de Spinagallo (Sicile Orientale, Italie). Geologica Romania, 23, 51-64. • Kowalski, K. & Rzebik-Kowalska, B. 1991. Mammals of Algeria. Warsaw, Poland: Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences. • Kratzing, J. E. 1987. The presence of rostral palatal taste buds in mammals. Australian Mammalogy, 10, 29-32. • Kratzing, J. E. & Woodall, P. F. 1988. The rostral nasal anatomy of two elephant shrews. Journal of Anatomy, 157, 135-143. • Kuntner, M., May-Collado, L. J. & Agnarsson, I. 2011. Phylogeny and conservation priorities of afrotherian mammals (Afrotheria, Mammalia). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 1-15. • Kyalo, S. 1997. A preliminary survey of the biota of Brachylaena huillensis (Muhuhu) trees. Report to WWF initiative on Ethnobotany by Coastal Forest Unit, National Musuems of Kenya. 29 pp. • Lack, P. 1979. Some mammal records from Tsavo East National Park, Kenya. East African Natural History Society Bulletin, 1979, 108-110. • Lancaster, D. G. 1953. A check list of the mammals of Northern Rhodesia. Lusaka: Government Printer. • Lancaster, J. & Pillay, N. 2010. Bahavioral interactions between a coexisting rodent Micaelamys namaquensis and macroscelid Elephantulus myurus. Current Zoology, 56, 395-400. • Lane, P., Ashley, C., Seitsonen, O., Harvey, P., Mire, S. & Odede, F. 2007. The transition to farming in eastern Africa: new faunal and dating evidence from Wadh Lang’o and Usenge, Kenya. Antiquity, 81, 62-81. • Lang, H. 1923. Caudal and pectoral glands of African elephant shrews (Elephantulus). Journal of Mammalogy, 4, 261-263. • Lange, D. d. 1949. Communication on the attachment and early development of Macroscelides (=Elephantulus) rozeti Duv., the North-African jumping shrew. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 28, 255-285. • Larson, J. 2011. Systematic review of Petrodromus (Mammalia: Macroscelidea) with resurrections of three species. In: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, pp. 63 pp: Harvard University. • Lataste, F. 1881. Liste des vertebres recueillis par M. le Dr. Andre pendant l'expedition des Chotts et determines par M.F. Lataste. In: Rapport a M. le Ministre de l'Instruction Publique sur la derniere expedition des Chotts, complement des etudes relatives au project de mer interieur (Ed. by Roudaire, E.), pp. 172-174. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. • Lataste, F. 1885. Etude de la faune des vertebres de Barbarie (Algerie, Tunisie et Maroc). Catalogue procisoire des mammiferes apelagiques sauvages de Barbarie. Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux, 39, 129-289. • Lataste, F. 1887. Catalogue critique des mammiferes apelagiques sauvages de la Tunisie. In: Exploration de la Tunisie. Paris. • Lataste, F. 1887. Cataloque critique des mammiferes apelagiques sauvages de la Tunisie. In: Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie, publiee sous les auspices du Ministere de l'Instruction Publique. 1. Zoologie. Mammiferes. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. • Laurent, A. & Laurent, D. 2002. Djibouti au rythme du vivant. Les mammiferes d'hier a aujourdhui pour demain. Toulouse, France: Editions Beira CFP. • Laurent, P. 1936. Contribution a la connaissance de la faune des Vertebres du Maroc (Batraciens, Reptiles, Mammiferes). Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord. Alger, 26, 344-359. • Laurent, P. 1938. Une presentation de petits mammiferes provenant de la region de Trolaard-Taza. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord. Alger, 29, 19-22. • Laurent, P. 1939. Determination du poids du macroscelide adults. Mammalia, 3, 55-56. • Laurie, W. A. 1971. The food of the barn owl on the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Journal of the East African Natural History Society and National Museum, 28, 1-4. • Lavocat, R. 1967. Les microfaunes du neogene d'Afrique orentale et leurs rapports avec celles de la region Palearctique. In: Background to Evolution in Africa (Ed. by Bishop, W. W. & Clark, J. O.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. • Lawes, M. J. & Perrin, M. R. 1995. Risk-sensitive foraging behaviour of the round- eared elephant-shrew (Macroscelides proboscideus). Mammal Review, 25, 96-97. • Lawrence, B. & Loveridge, A. 1953. Mammals from Nyasaland and Tete. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 110, 3-80. • Laws, J. M. & Perrin, M. R. 1995. Risk-sensitive foraging behaviour of the round-eared elephant shrew (Macroscelides proboscideus). Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, 37, 31-37. • Lawson, L. P., Vernasi, C., Ricci, S. & Rovero, F. 2013. Evolutionary history of the grey- faced sengi, Rhynchocyon udzungwensis, from Tanzania: A molecular and species distribution modelling approach. PLoS (Public Library of Science) ONE, 8, e72506 (10pp). • Le Berre, M. 1990. Faune du Sahara, 2. Mammiferes. Paris, France: Chevalier and Lechevalier - R. Chabaud. • Le Gros Clark, W. E. 1928. On the brain of the Macroscelididae (Macroscelides and Elephantulus). Journal of Anatomy, 62, 245-275. • Le Gros Clark, W. E. 1933. The brain of the Insectivora. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1932, 975-1013. • Le Gros Clark, W. E. 1934. Early forerunners of man. A morphological study of the evolutionary origin of the primates. London: Balliere, Tindall & Cox. • Le Gros Clark, W. E. 1959. The antecedents of man. An introduction to the evolution of the Primates. Edinburgh: The University Press. • Leakey, L. S. B. 1965. Olduvai Gorge 1951-1961. A preliminary report of the geology and fauna. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Ledger, J. A. 1980. The arthropod parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara. Johannesburg: South Africa Institute for Medical Research. • Lehmann, E. v. 1955. Neue Saugetierrassen aus Sudwestafrika. Bonner Zoologische Beitraege, 6, 171-172. • Leirs, H., Verhagen, R., Verheyen, W. & Perrin, M. R. 1995. The biology of Elephantulus brachyrhynchus in natural miobo woodland in Tanzania. Mammal Review, 25, 45-49. • Leon, B., Shkolnik, A. & Shkolnik, T. 1983. Temperature regulation and water metabolism in the elephant shrew Elephantulus edwardi. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 74A, 399-407. • Lewitus, E., Kelava, I., Kalinka, A. T., Tomancak, P. & Huttner, W. B. 2014. An AdaptiveThreshold in Mammalian Neocortical Evolution. PLOS (Public Library of Science) Biology, 12, e1002000. • Lichtenstein, H. 1831. Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Saugethiere. Berlin: Luderitz. • Lindahl, P. E. 1946. On some archaic features in the developing central stem of the mammalian chondrocranium. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 27, 91-100. • Linn, I., Perrin, M. & Hiscocks, K. 2007. Use of space by the four-toed elephant-shrew Petrodromus tetradactylus (Macroscelidea) in Kwazulu-Natal (South Africa). Mammalia, 71, 30-39. • Linzey, A. V. & Kesner, M. H. 1997. Small mammals of a woodland-savannah ecosystem in Zimbabwe. I. Density and habitat occupancy patterns. Journal of Zoology, London, 243, 137-152. • Linzey, A. V. & Kesner, M. H. 1997. Small mammals of a woodland-savannah ecosystem in Zimbabwe. II. Community structure. Journal of Zoology, London, 243, 153-162. • Liu, F. R. & Miyamoto, M. M. 1999. Phylogenetic assessment of molecular and morphological data for eutherian mammals. Systematic Biology, 48, 54-64. • Liu, F. R., Miyamoto, M. M., Freire, N. P., Ong, P. Q., Tennant, M. R., Young, T. S. & Gugel, K. F. 2001. Molecular and morphological supertrees for eutherian (placental) mammals. Science, 291, 1786-1789. • Long, R. C. 1973. A list with notes of the mammals of the Nsanje (Port Herald) District, Malawi. Society of Malawi Journal, 26, 60-78. • Lonnberg, E. 1912. Mammals collected by the Swedish zoological expedition to British East Africa 1911. Kunglica Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 48, 1-188. • Lonnberg, E. 1918. Mammiferes recueillis dans la region du Mont Elgon par le Dr. Bayer, en 1914. Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 5, 172-192. • Loring. 1910. Appendix C - Notes made by Loring. In: African game trails (Ed. by Roosevelt, T.), pp. 408-414. New York, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. • Lovegrove, B. G. 2014. Cool sperm: why some placental mammals have a scrotum. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 27, 801-814. • Lovegrove, B. G., Lawes, M. J. & Roxburgh, L. 1999. Confirmation of pleisiomorphic daily torpor in mammals: the round-eared elephant shrew Macroscelides proboscideus (Macroscelidea). Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 169, 453-460. • Lovegrove, B. G. & Mowoe, M. O. 2014. The evolution of micro-cursoriality in mammals. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 217, 1316-1325. • Lovegrove, B. G., Raman, J. & Perrin, M. R. 2001. Daily torpor in elephant shrews (Macroscelidea: Elephantulus spp.) in response to food deprivation. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 171, 11-21. • Lovegrove, B. G., Raman, J. & Perrin, M. R. 2001. Heterothermy in elephant shrews, Elephantulus spp. (Macroscelidea): daily torpor or hibernation? Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 171, 1-10. • Loveridge, A. 1922. Notes on East African mammals (other than horned ungulates) collected or kept in captivity 1915-1919. Part 2. Journal of the East African and Uganda Natural History Society, 5, 39-69. • Loveridge, A. 1923. Notes on East African mammals, collected 1920-1923. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1923, 685-739. • Loveridge, A. 1953. I drank the Zambezi. New York, New York: Harper and Brothers. • Luckett, W. P. 1980. The suggested evolutionary relationships and classification of tree shrews. In: Comparative biology and evolutionary relationships of tree shrews (Ed. by Luckett, W. P.), pp. 3-31. New York: Plenum Press. • Luckett, W. P. 1980. The use of reproductive and developmental features in assessing tupaiid affinities. In: Advances in primatology, comparative biology and evolutionary relationships of tree shrews (Ed. by Luckett, W. P.), pp. 245-266. New York: Plenum Press. • Luckett, W. P. 1985. Superordinal and interordinal affinities of rodents: developmental evidence from the dentition and placentation. In: Evolutionary relationships among rodents. A multidisciplinary approach (Ed. by Luckett, W. P. & Hartenberger, J.-L.), pp. 227-276. New York: Plenum Press. • Luckett, W. P. 1993. Onotgenetic staging of the mammalian dentition, and its value for assessment of homology and heterochrony. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 1, 269- 282. • Luckett, W. P. & Hong, N. 1998. Phylogenetic Relationships Between the Orders Artiodactyla and Cetacea: A Combined Assessment of Morphological and Molecular Evidence. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 5, 127-182. • Lumpkin, S. 1986. The elephant-shrew...by a nose! Zoogoer, 15, 8-10. • Lumpkin, S., Koontz, F. & Howard, J. G. 1982. The oestrous cycle of the rufous elephant-shrew, Elephantulus rufescens. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 66, 671- 673. • Lumpkin, S. & Koontz, F. W. 1986. Social and sexual behavior of the rufous elephant- shrew (Elephantulus refescens) in captivity. Journal of Mammalogy, 67, 112-119. • Lundholm, B. 1954? Mammals from South West Africa. Unpublished Manuscript, Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. • Lundholm, B. G. 1955. Descriptions of new mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 22, 279-303. • Lutermann, H., Medger, K. & Horak, I. G. 2012. Abiotic and biotic determinants of tick burdens in the eastern rock sengi (Elephantulus myurus). Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 26, 255-262. • Lutermann, H., Medger, K. & Horak, I. G. 2012. Effects of life-history traits on parasitism in a monogamous mammal, the eastern rock sengi (Elephantulus myurus). Naturwissenschaften, 99, 103-110. • Lydekker, R. 1901. Descriptions of two new mammals from the Ituri Forest [with a supplementary note on the buffalo of the Semliki district]. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900, 992-996. • Lynch, C. D. 1983. The mammals of the Orange Free State. Memoirs Van Die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein, 18, 1-218. • Lynch, C. D. 1989. The mammals of the north-eastern Cape Province. Memoirs Van Die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein, 25, 1-116. • Lynch, C. D. 1994. The mammals of Lesotho. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein, 10, 177-241. • Macdonald, I. A. W. & Dean, W. R. J. 1984. Vertebrate prey of the barn owl Tyto alba in the Cape Province north of the Orange River. Proceedings of the Fifth Pan-African Ornithological Congress, 5, 517-541. • MacLeod, J. 1970. Tick infestation patterns in the southern province of Zambia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 60, 253-274. • MacPhee, R. D. E. 1981. Auditory regions of primates and eutherian insectivores. Morphology, ontogeny and character analysis. Contributions to Primatology, 18, 1-282. • Madsen, O., Deen, P. M. T., Pesole, G., Saccone, C. & de Jong, w. 1997. Molecular evolution of mammalian aquaporin-2: further evidence that elephant shrews and aardvark join the paenungulata clade. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 14, 363-371. • Madsen, O., Scally, M., Douady, C. J., Kao, D. J., Debry, R. W., Adkins, R., Amrine, H. M., Stanhope, M. J., de Jong, w. & Springer, M. S. 2001. Parallel adaptive radiations in two major clades of placental mammals. Nature (London), 409, 610-614. • Malia, M. J., Adkins, R. M. & Allard, M. W. 2002. Molecular support for Afrotheria and the polyphyly of Lipotyphla based on analyses of the growth hormone receptor gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 24, 91-101. • Mann, W. M. 1930. Other mammals in and out of the zoo. Smithsonian Scientific Series, 6, 362. • Mann, W. M. 1949. Report on the National Zoological Park for the year ended June 30, 1948. In: Smithsonian Report for 1948, pp. 89-116. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. • Mares, M. A. 1997. The geobiological interface: Granite outcrops as a selective force in mammalian evolution. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 80, 131-139. • Martin, G. H. G. 1986. Small mammals of arid savanna and montane sites in northern Kenya. Journal of Arid Environments, 11, 173-180. • Martin, L. 1980. What roles are fulfilled by uterine epithelial components in implantation? Progress in Reproductive Biology, 7, 54-69. • Martin, R. D. 1968. Reproduction and ontogeny in tree-shrews ( belangeri), with reference to their general behaviour and taxonomic relationships. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie, 25, 409-532. • Mason, M. J. 2015. Structure and function of the mammalian middle ear. I: Large middle ears in small desert mammals. Journal of Anatomy, X, In press. • Mason, M. J. 2015. Structure and function of the mammalian middle ear: II: Inferring function from strucure. Journal of Anatomy, X, In press. • Matschei, P. 1899. Liste der, wahrend der Expedition in den Jahren 1896/97 von Carlo Freiherr von Erlanger in Tunesiens, II. Kurzer Reisebericht. Journal fur Ornithologie, 1899, 1-65. • Matschie, P. 1893. Zwei von Schreber beschriebene Affen und uber einige anscheinend neue Saugethiere von Afrika. Sitzungs-Berichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1893, 60-68. • Matschie, P. 1911. Ueber einige Saeugetiere aus Muansa am Victoria-Nyansa. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Feunde zu Berlin, 1911, 333-343. • Matschie, P. 1926. Diagnosen einiger Saugetiere aus den Kongostaat. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 1, 110-114. • Matson, J. O. & Blood, B. R. 1994. A report on the distribution of small mammals from Namibia. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 59, 289-298. • Matson, J. O. & Blood, B. R. 1997. Morphological variability and species limits in elephant shrews Elephantulus intufi and E. rupestris from Namibia. Mammalia, 62, 77- 93. • Matson, J. O., Courtright, M. & Lester, L. A. 1984. Nongeographic variation in the rufous elephant shrew, Elephantulus rufescens (Peters, 1878), from Kenya. Mammalia, 48, 593-598. • Matthew, W. D. 1910. Schlosser on Fayum mammals. A prelimiinary notice of Dr. Schlosser's studies upon the collection made in the Oligocene of Egypt for the Stuttgart Museum by Herr Markgraf. American Naturalist, 49, 700-703. • Matthew, W. D. 1915. A revision of the Wasatch and Wind River faunas. Part IV. Entelonychia, Primates, Insectivora (part). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 34, 429-483. • Matthews, T., Denys, C. & Parkington, J. E. 2005. The palaeoecology of the micromammals from the late middle Pleistocene site of Hoedjiespunt 1 (Cape Province, South Africa). Journal of Human Evolution, 49, 432-451. • Matthews, T., Denys, C. & Parkington, J. E. 2007. Community evolution of Neogene micromammals from Langebaanweg ‘E’ Quarry and other west coast fossil sites, south-western Cape, South Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 245, 332-352. • Matthey, R. 1954. Les chromosomes de Macroscelides rozeti Duvernoy (Mammalia- Insectivora) existe-t-il une serie polypoide chez les Macroscelidae? Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 61, 669-677. • Mattingly, P. F. 1983. The paleogeography of mosquito-borne disease. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 19, 185-210. • Mayet, V. 1886. Notes d'un voyage dans le sud de la Tunisie. Societe Languedocien de Geographie, 8, 19-58, 178-214, 491-534. • Mayet, V. 1886. Notes d'un voyage dans le sud de la Tunisie. Societe languedocien de Geographie, 9, 34-74, 228-271. • McKenna, M. C. 1963. Primitive Paleocene and Eocene Apatemyidae (Mammalia, Insectivora) and the primate-insectivore boundary. American Museum Novitates, No. 2160, 1-39. • McKenna, M. C. 1975. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the mammalia. In: Phylogeny of the primates: a multidisciplinary approach (Ed. by Luckett, W. P. & Szalay, F. S.), pp. 21-46. New York: Plenum Press. • McKenna, M. C. 1987. Molecular and morphological analysis of high-level mammalian interrelationships. In: Molecules and morphology in evolution: conflict or compromise? (Ed. by Patterson, C.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. • McKenna, M. C. 1992. The alpha crystallin A chain of the eye lens and mammalian phylogeny. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 28, 349-360. • McKerrow, M. J. 1955. The lactation cycle of Elephantulus myurus jamesoni (Chubb). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 238, 62-98. • McNab, B. K. 1984. Physiological convergence amongst ant-eating and termite-eating mammals. Journal of Zoology, London, 203, 485-510. • McNab, B. K. 2006. The evolution of energetics in eutherian "insectivorans": an alternate approach. Acta Theriologica, 51, 113-128. • McShane, T. O. & McShane-Caluzi, E. 1988. The habitats, birds and mammals of Vwaza Marsh Game Reserve, Malawi. Nyala, 12, 39-66. • Medger, K. 2010. The reproductive biology of two small southern African mammals, the spiny mouse, Acomys spinosissimus (Rodentia: Muridae) and the eastern rock elephant-shrew, Elephantulus myurus (Macroscelidea: Macroscelididae). Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria. • Medger, K., Chimimba, C. T. & Bennett, N. C. 2012. Seasonal reproduction in the eastern rock elephant-shrew: influenced by rainfall and ambient temperature? Journal of Zoology, 288, 283-293. • Medland, R. D. 1995. Flora and fauna records - Mammals. Nyala, 18, 67. • Meester, J. 1962. Some mammals from the Namib Desert. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 24, 241-248. • Meester, J. A. J., Rautenbach, I. L., Dippenaar, N. J. & Baker, C. M. 1986. Classification of southern African mammals. Pretoria, South Africa. • Meister, W. & Davis, D. D. 1956. Placentation of the pygmy treeshrew Tupaia minor. Fieldiana Zoology, 35, 71-84. • Meredith, R. W., Janecka, J. E., Ryder, O. A., Fisher, C. A., Teeling, E. C., Goodbla, A., Eizirik, E., Simao, T. L. L., Stadler, T., Rabosky, D. L., Honeycutt, R. L., Flynn, J. J., Ingram, C. M., Steiner, C., Williams, T. L., Robinson, T. J., Burk-Herrick, A., Westerman, M., Ayoub, N. A., Springer, M. S. & Murphy, W. J. 2011. Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification. Science, 334, 521-524. • Mertens, R. 1925. Insectivoren und Carnivoren aus West- und Zentral-Afrika. Senckenbergiana, 7, 65-74. • Mess, A. & Carter, A. M. 2006. Evolutionary transformations of fetal membrane characters in with special reference to Afrotheria. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 306B, 140-163. • Milewski, A. V., Abensperg-Traun, M. & Dickman, C. R. 1994. Why Are Termite- and Ant-Eating Mammals Smaller in Australia than in Southern Africa: History or Ecology? Journal of Biogeography, 21, 529-543. • Milius, S. 2008. The naming of the elephant-shrew. Science News, 173, 70. • Milius, S. 2014. Elephant shrews' name is for more than the nose: they're elephant cousins. Science News, 182, 4-5. • Mills, J. R. E. 1966. The functional occlusion of the teeth of the Insectivora. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 46, 1-25. • Mitsaye, J. B. 1979. The golden rumped elephant shrew. Komba, Magazine of the Wildlife Clubs of Kenya, 43-45. • Mivart, S. G. 1867. Notes on the osteology of the Insectivora. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 1, 281-313. • Modry, D., Jirku, M. & Hurkova, L. 2005. A new coccidean parasite (Apicomplexa:Eimeriidae) from the rufous elephant shrew, Elephantulus rufescens. African Zoology, 40, 327-329. • Monadjem, A. 1997. An annotated checklist of the mammals of Swaziland. Manzini, Swaziland: The Conservation Trust of Swaziland. • Monadjem, A. 1998. Distributional patterns and conservation status of mammals of Swaziland, southern Africa. Koedoe, 41, 45-59. • Monadjem, A. 1999. Geographic distribution patterns of small mammals in Swaziland in relation to abiotic factors and human land-use activity. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8, 223-237. • Monard, A. 1931. Mission scientifique suisse dans l'Angola. Resultats scientifique Part IV, Insectivores. Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles, 5, 70-71. • Monard, A. 1935. Contribution a la mammalogie d'Angola et prodrome d'une faune d'Angola. Arquivos do Museu Bocage, 6, 1-314. • Montag, M. 2001. Die Duftdrusen von Macroscelides proboscideus (Mammalia: Macroscelididae) - Histologie und funktionelle Aspekte. pp. 77. Berlin, Germany: Humboldt Universitat. • Moreau, R. E. 1935. A synecological study of Usambara, Tanganyika Territory, with particular reference to birds. Journal of Ecology, 23, 1-43. • Moreau, R. E., Hopkins, G. H. E. & Hayman, R. W. 1946. The type localities of some African mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 115, 387-447. • Moreau, R. E. & Pakenham, R. H. W. 1941. 8. The land vertebrates of Pemba, Zanzibar and Mafia: a zoogeographical study. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 110, 97-128. • Moutou, F. & Besnard, V. 2006. Observations of black-and-rufous sengis (Rhynchocyon petersi) in Diani Forest, Kenya. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 4, 13-14. • Moyer, D. C. & Mulungu, E. A. 2004. Report on a fieldtrip to the central part of the Uzungwa Scarp Catchment Forest Reserve, 11-15 May 2004. pp. 9. New York: Wildlife Conservation Society (New York), Tanzania Project. • Msuya, C. A. 1993. Feeding habits of crowned eagles Stephanoaetus coronatus in Kiwengoma Forest Reserve, Matumbi Hills, Tanzania. Annales Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Zoologie), 268, 118-120. • Mugo, D. N., Lombard, A. T., Bronner, G. N., Gelderblom, C. M. & Benn, G. A. 1995. Distribution and protection of endemic or threatened rodents, lagomorphs and macroscelidids in South Africa. South African Journal of Zoology, 30, 115-126. • Mukinzi, I., Katuala, P. G. B., Kennis, J., Gambalemoke, M., Kadange, N., Dudu, A. M., Colyn, M. & Hutterer, R. 2005. Preliminary data on the biodiversity of rodents and insectivores (Mammalia) in the periphery of Kisangani (D.R. Congo). Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135 (Supplement), 133-140. • Murphy, W. J., Eizirik, E., Johnson, W. E., Zhang, Y. P., Ryder, O. A. & Brien, S. J. 2001. Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature (London), 409, 614-617. • Murphy, W. J., Eizirik, E., O'Brian, S. J., Madsen, O., Scally, M., Douady, C. J., Teeling, E., Ryder, O. A., Stanhope, M. J., de Jong, W. W. & Springer, M. S. 2001. Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics. Science, 294, 2348-2351. • Murphy, W. J., Pringle, T. H., Crider, T. A., Springer, M. S. & Miller, W. 2007. Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Genome Research, 17, 413-421. • Mwangi, E. M. 2007. Survey of the golden-rumped sengi planned north of the Tana in Kenya. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 5, 8. • Mzilikazi, N., Jastroch, M., Meyer, C. & Klingenspor, M. 2007. Abstract C5.7. The presence and function of uncoupling proteins in a phylogenetically ancient mammal, the rock elephant shrew, Elephantulus myurus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 146, S211. • Mzilikazi, N., Jastroch, M., Meyer, C. W. & Klingenspor, M. 2007. The molecular and biochemical basis of nonshivering thermogenesis in an African endemic mammal, Elephantulus myurus. American Journal of Physiology, 293, R2120-R2127. • Mzilikazi, N. & Lovegrove, B. G. 2004. Daily torpor in free-ranging rock elephant shrews, Elephantulus myurus: a year-long study. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 77, 285-296. • Mzilikazi, N. & Lovegrove, B. G. 2005. Daily torpor during the active phase in free- ranging rock elephant shrews (Elephantulus myurus). Journal of Zoology, 267, 103- 111. • Mzilikazi, N. & Lovegrove, B. G. 2006. Noradrenalin induces thermogenesis in a phylogenetically ancient eutherian mammal, the rock elephant shrew, Elephantulus myurus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 176, 75-84. • Mzilikazi, N., Lovegrove, B. G. & Ribble, D. O. 2002. Exogenous passive heating during torpor arousal in free-ranging rock elephant shrews, Elephantulus myurus. Oecologia, 133, 307-314. • Neal, B. R. 1982. Reproductive ecology of the rufous elephant-shrew, Elephantulus rufescens (Macroscelididae), in Kenya. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 47, 65-71. • Neal, B. R. 1984. Relationship between feeding habits, climate and reproduction of small mammals in Meru National Park, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology, 22, 195-205. • Neal, B. R. 1984. Seasonal feeding habits of small mammals in Kenya. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 49, 226-234. • Neal, B. R. 1995. The ecology and reproduction of the short-snouted elephant-shrew, Elephantulus brachyrhynchus, in Zimbabwe with a review of the reproductive ecology of the genus Elephantulus. Mammal Review, 25, 51-60. • Nehring, A. 1886. Katalog der Saeugethiere. Zoologische Sammlung der Koeniglichen Landwirthschaftlichen Hochschule in Berlin. Berlin: Paul Parey. • Nel, J. A. J. & Nolte, H. 1965. Notes on the prey of owls in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, with special reference to the small mammals. Koedoe, 8, 75-81. • Nel, J. A. J. & Pretorius, J. J. L. 1971. A note on the smaller mammals of the Mountain Zebra National Park. Koedoe, 14, 99-110. • Nel, J. A. J. & Rautenbasch, I. L. 1976. Trap response of some southern African small mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 30, 99-104. • Neumann, O. 1900. Die von mir in den Jahren 1892-95 in Ost- und Central-Afrika, speciell in den Massai-Landern und den Landern am Victoria Nyansa gesammelten und beobachtungen Saugethiere. Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fuer Systematik Oekologie und Geographie der Tierre, 13, 529-562. • Newbery, C. H. 1999. A key to the Soricidae, Macroscelididae, Gliridae and Muridae of Gauteng, North West Province, Mpumalanga and the Northern Provice, South Africa. Koedoe, 42, 51-55. • Newton-Fisher, N. E., Notman, H. & Reynolds, V. 2002. Hunting of mammalian prey by Budongo Forest chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica, 73, 281-283. • Ngaruiya, G. W. 2009. Assessment of the range and population of golden-rumped elephant-shrew (Rhynchocyon chrysopygus) in north coastal forests of Kenya. In: School of Biological Sciences. Nairobi, Kenya: University of Nairobi. • Nichols, D. K. 1989. Food-borne bacterial disease caused by uncooked horsemeat products. In: Proceedings of the 6th and 7th annual Dr. Scholl conference on the nutrition of captive wild animals (Ed. by Meehan, T. P. & Allen, M. E.), pp. 5-10. Chicago, Ill: Lincoln Park Zoological Society. • Nicoll, M. E. & Rathbun, G. B. 1990. African Insectivora and elephant-shrews, an action plan for their conservation. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). • Nicoll, M. E. & Thompson, S. D. 1987. Basal metabolic rates and energetics of reproduction in therian mammals: marsupials and placentals compared. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, 57, 7-27. • Nielsen, M. R. & Sick, C. 2008. Conservation and use of Witu Forest, Kenya - biodiversity and disturbance survey and management recommendations. pp. 75. Copenhagen: Forlaget BIOS (The Danish Zoological Society). • Niethammer, J. 1974/75. Neue Gewolle aus Sudwestafrika. Journal S.W.A. Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, 29, 133-170. • Niethammer, J. 1976. Zur Fortpflanzung von Kleinsaugern im sudwestlichen Marokko im Vorfruhling 1975. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 24, 218-224. • Nikaido, M., Nishihara, H., Hukumoto, Y. & Okada, N. 2003. Ancient SINEs from African endemic mammals. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 20, 522-527. • Nishida, T., Uehara, S. & Nyundo, R. 1979. Predatory behaviour among wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Primates, 20, 1-210. • Nishihara, H., Satta, Y., Nikaido, M., Thewissen, J. G. M., Stanhope, M. J. & Okada, N. 2005. A retroposon analysis of afrotherian phylogeny. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 22, 1823-1833. • Noack, T. 1887. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Saugethier-Fauna von Ost- und Central- Africa. Zoologische Jahrbuecher, 2, 193-302. • Noack, T. 1889. Beitrage zur Kentniss der Saugethierfauna von Sud- und Sudwest- Afrika. Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fuer Systematik Oekologie und Geographie der Tierre, 4, 94-261. • Noack, T. 1894. Dr. Eduard Fleck's Reiseausbeute aus Sudwest Afrika. I. Saugethiere. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen natorfoschenden Gesellschaft, 1894, 53-82. • Norris, T. 1973. Golden rumped elephant shrew. Africana, 5, 37. • Nothen, D. 1982. Putz- und Komfortverhalten bei der Bushveld-Elephantenspitzmaus Elephatulus intufi. Zoologische Beitrage, 28, 17-32. • Novacek, M. 1984. Evolutionary stasis in the elephant-shrew, Rhynchocyon. In: Living fossils (Ed. by Eldredge, N. & Stanley, S. M.), pp. 4-22. New York, New York: Springer Verlag. • Novacek, M. J. 1980. Cranioskeletal features in tupaiids and selected eutheria as phylogenetic evidence. In: Advances in primatology, comparative biology and evolutionary relationships of tree shrews (Ed. by Luckett, W. P.), pp. 35-94. New York: Plenum Press. • Novacek, M. J. 1982. The brain of Leptictid dakotensis, an Oligocene lepticid (Eutheria: Mammalia) from North America. Journal of Paleontology, 56, 1177-1186. • Novacek, M. J. 1982. Information for molecular studies from anatomical and fossil evidence on higher eutherian phylogeny. In: Macromolecular sequences in sytematic and evolutionary biology (Ed. by Goodman, M.), pp. 3-41. New York: Plenum Publ. • Novacek, M. J. 1985. Cranial evidence for rodent affinities. In: Evolutionary relationships among rodents. A multidisciplinary approach (Ed. by Luckett, W. P. & Hartenberger, J.-L.), pp. 59-81. New York: Plenum Press. • Novacek, M. J. 1986. The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level classification of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 183, 1-111. • Novacek, M. J. 1989. Higher mammal phylogeny: the morphological-molecular synthesis. In: The hierarchy of life (Ed. by Fernholm, B. & Jornvall, H.), pp. 421-435. Crown House, Essex, England: Elsevier Science Publishers. • Novacek, M. J. 1990. Morphology, paleontology, and the higher clades of mammals. In: Current mammalogy (Ed. by Genoways, H. H.), pp. 507-543. New York, New York: Plenum Press. • Novacek, M. J. 1992. Mammalian phylogeny: shaking the tree. Nature (London), 356, 121-125. • Novacek, M. J. & Wyss, A. R. 1986. Higher-level relationships of the recent eutherian orders: morphological evidence. Cladistics, 2, 257-287. • Novacek, M. J., Wyss, A. R. & McKenna, M. C. 1988. The major groups of eutherian mammals. In: The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods (Ed. by Benton, M. J.), pp. 31-71. Oxford: Clarendon Press. • Nowak, R. M. 1999. Walker's mammals of the world. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. • Nyari, A. S., Peterson, A. T. & Rathbun, G. B. 2010. Late Pleistocene potential distribution of the North African sengi or elephant-shrew Elephantulus rozeti (Mammalia: Macroscelidea). African Zoology, 45, 330-339. • Oduor-Okelo, D. 1984. Histology of the chorioallantoic placenta of the golden-rumped elepehant shrew (Rhynchocyon chrysopygus Gunter, 1881). Anatomischer Anzeiger, 157, 395-407. • Oduor-Okelo, D. 1985. Ultrastructural observations on the chorioallantoic placenta of the golden-rumped elephant shrew, Rhynchocyon chrysopygus. African Journal of Ecology, 23, 155-166. • Oduor-Okelo, D., Gombe, S. & Amoroso, E. C. 1980. The placenta and fetal membranes of the short-nosed elephant shrew, Elephantulus rufescens (Peters, 1878). Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 28, 293-301. • Oduor-Okelo, D., Katema, R. M. & Carter, A. M. 2004. Placenta and fetal membranes of the four-toed elephant shrew, Petrodromus tetradactylus. Placenta, 25, 803-809. • Oelkrug, R., Meyer, C. W., Heldmaier, G. & Mzilikazi, N. 2012. Seasonal changes in thermogenesis of a free-ranging afrotherian small mammal, the Western rock elephant shrew (Elephantulus rupestris). Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology, 182, 715-727. • Ogden, C. G. 1968. Thelazia lewisi sp. nov. from a chequered elephant shrew in Uganda. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 78, 1-4. • Ogilby, W. 1838. A selection of the Mammalia procured by Captain Alexander during his recent journey into the country of the Damaras on the south west coast of Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1838, 5-6. • Oguge, N., Hutterer, R., Odhiambo, R. & Verheyen, W. 2004. Diversity and structure of shrew communities in montane forests of southeast Kenya. Mammalian Biology, 69, 289-301. • Okot-Kotber, B. M., Mutinga, M. J. & Kaddu, J. B. 1989. Biochemical characterization of Leishmania spp. isolated from man and wild animals in Kenya. International Journal for Parasitology, 19, 657-663. • Olbricht, G. 2007. Haltungserfahrungen mit dem Kurzohr-Rüsselspringer (Macroscelides proboscideus). Mitteilungsblatt der Bundesarbeitsgrupe Kleinsäuger, 1, 6-8. • Olbricht, G. 2007. Longevity and fecundity in sengis (Macroscelidea). Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 5, 3-5. • Olbricht, G. 2008. Aspects of the reproductive biology of sengis (Macroscelidea) in general and the postnatal development of the short-eared sengi (Macroscelides proboscideus) in particular. In: Biology and Geography, pp. 121. Duisburg, Germany: University of Duisburg-Essen. • Olbricht, G. 2009. Reproduction and growth of elephant shrews or sengis (Macroscelidea). Saarbruchken, Germany: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag fur Hochschulschriften. • Olbricht, G. 2011. Rufous sengis in Cologne Zoo (photo gallery). Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 8, 21-22. • Olbricht, G., Kern, C. & Vakhrusheva, G. 2006. Einige Aspekte der Fortpflanzungsbiologie von Kurzohr-Russelspringern (Macroscelides proboscideus A. Smith, 1829) in Zoologischen Garten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung von Drillingswurfen. Der Zoologische Garten, 75, 304-316. • Olbricht, G. & Sliwa, A. 2010. Elefantenspitzmause - die kleinen Verwandten der Elefanten? Zeitschrift der Kolner Zoo, 53, 135-147. • Olbricht, G., Sliwa, A. & Avenant, N. L. 2012. Sengi research in the Free State, South Africa. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 9, 7-8. • Olbricht, G. & Stanley, W. T. 2009. The topographic distribution of the penis and mammary glands in sengis (Macroscelidea) and its usefulness for taxonomic distinctions. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 85, 297-303. • Olney, P. J. S. e. 1979. Species of wild animals bred in captivity during 1977 and multiple generation captive births. International Zoo Yearbook, 19, 297-383. • Orecchia, P., Paggi, L. & Pampiglione, S. 1964. Zonorchis elephantuli n. sp. (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) parassita delle vie biliari di Elephantulus rozeti. Rivista di Parassitologia, 25, 229-235. • Oron, U., Crompton, A. W. & Taylor, C. R. 1981. Energetic cost of locomotion of some "primitive" mammals. Physiological Zoology, 54, 463-469. • Ortlepp, R. J. 1937. South African Helminths - Part I. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 9, 311-336. • Osgood, W. H. 1910. Diagnoses of new East African mammals, including a new genus of Muridae. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History and Zoology, 10, 5-13. • Ouahbi, Y., Aberkan, M. & Serre, F. 2003. Recent Quaternary fossil mammals of Chrafate and Ez Zarka. The origin of modern fauna in the northern Rif (NW Morocco, Northern Africa). Geologica Acta, 1, 277-288. • Oxenham, K. H. & Perrin, M. 2009. The spatial organization of the four-toed elephant- shrew (Petrodromus tetradactylus) in Tembe Elephant Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. African Zoology, 44, 171-180. • Pagenstecher. 1885. Die von Dr. G. A. Fischer auf der im Auftrage der geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Reise in das Massai-Land geammelten Saeugethiere. Jahrbuecher der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 2, 29- 46. • Pakenham, R. H. W. 1984. The mammals of Zanzibar and Pemba Islands. Unpublished report. 81 pp. • Panchetti, F., Scalici, M., Carpaneto, G. M. & Gibertini, G. 2008. Shape and size variation in the cranium of elephant-shrews: a morphometric contribution to a phylogenetic debate. Zoomorphology, 127, 69-82. • Parker, W. K. 1886. On the structure and development of the skull in mammalia. Part III. Insectivora. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 176, 121- 275. • Patterson, B. 1965. The fossil elephant shrews (Family Macroscelididae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 133, 297-336. • Peel, C. V. A. 1900. Somaliland. London: Darf Publishers Ltd. • Penkrot, T. A., Zack, S. P., Rose, K. D. & Bloch, J. I. 2008. Postcranial morphology of Apheliscus and Haplomylus (Condylarthra, Apheliscidae): Evidence for a Paleocene Holarctic origin of Macroscelidea. In: Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology - A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay (Ed. by Sargis, E. J. & Dagosto, M.), pp. 73-106. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. • Pennisi, E. 2001. News of the week: Placentals' family tree drawn and quartered. Science, 294, 2266-2268. • Percy, H. E., Percy, R. C. & Ridley, M. W. 1953. An expedition to the Tana River, Kenya. Oryx, 2, 111-122. • Pereboom, V. 1997. Preliminary report on a nine month study on Elephantulus edwardii. Unpublished Report. pp. 30. • Perkins, S. 2001. Genes seem to link unlikely relatives. Science News, 159, 4. • Perrin, M. 1979. Order Macroscelidea. In: The Compete Book of Southern African Mammals (Ed. by Mills, G. & Hes, L.), pp. 62-66. Johannesburg, South Africa: Struik. • Perrin, M. 1995. The biology of elephant-shrews: introduction. Mammal Review, 25, 1- 2. • Perrin, M. 2013. Species accounts: Elephantulus brachyrhynchus, E. fuscipes, E. fuscus, E. revoili, E. rupestris. In: Mammals of Africa, Volume I (Ed. by Kingdon, J., Happld, D., Hoffmann, M., Butynski, T., Happold, M. & Kalina, J.), pp. 263-276. London: Bloomsbury. • Perrin, M. & Rathbun, G. B. 2013. Species accounts: Order Macroscelidea, Family Macroscelididae, Genus Elephantulus, E. edwardii, E. intufi, E. myurus, E. rozeti, E. rufescens; Genus Macroscelides; species account M. proboscideus. In: Mammals of Africa, Volume I (Ed. by Kingdon, J., Happld, D., Hoffmann, M., Butynski, T., Happold, M. & Kalina, J.), pp. 261-278. London: Bloombury. • Perrin, M. R. 1995. The biology of elephant-shrews - A symposium held during the 6th International Theriological Congress, Sydney, 5 July 1993. Oxford, England: Blackwell Science. • Perrin, M. R. 1995. Comparative aspects of the metabolism and thermal biology of elephant-shrews (Macroscelidea). Mammal Review, 25, 61-78. • Perry, J. S. 1971. The ovarian cycle of mammals. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. • Peters, W. 1864. Uber die Saugethiergattung Solenodon. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wisssenschaften zu Berlin, 1863, 1-22. • Peters, W. C. H. 1846. Beirecht Uber die zur Bekannt machung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Konigl. Preuss Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 257-259. • Peters, W. C. H. 1847. Beirecht Uber die zur Bekannt machung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Konigl. Preuss Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 36-37. • Peters, W. C. H. 1852. Reise nach Mossambique. Berlin: Georg Reimer. • Peters, W. C. H. 1878. Uber die von Hrn. J. M. Hildebrandt wahrend seiner letzten ostafrikanischen Reise gesammelten Saugethiere und Amphibien. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 32, 194-209. • Pettigrew, J. D., Jamieson, B. G. M., Robson, S. K., Hall, L. S., McAnally, K. I. & Cooper, H. M. 1989. Phylogenetic relationships between microbats, megabats and primates (Mammalia: Chiroptera and Primates). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 325, 489-559. • Pickford, M., Mein, P. & Senut, B. 1992. Primate bearing Plio-Pleistocene cave deposits of Humpata, southern Angola. Human Evolution, 7, 17-33. • Pickford, M., Senut, B., Morales, J., Mein, P. & Sanchez, I. M. 2008. Mammalia from the Lutetian of Namibia. Memoir Geological Survey of Namibia, 20, 465-514. • Pickford, M., Wanas, H., Mein, P. & Soliman, H. 2008. Humid conditions in the western desert of Egypt during the Vallensian (late Miocene). Bulletin of the Tethys Geological Society, 3, 63-79. • Pienaar, U. d. V. 1964. The small mammals of the Kruger National Park - a systematic list and zoogeography. Koedoe, 7, 1-25. • Pieters, R. P., Gravett, N., Fuxe, K. & Manger, P. R. 2010. Nuclear organization of cholinergic, putative catecholaminergic and serotonergic nuclei in the brain of the eastern rock elephant shrew, Elephantulus myurus. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 39, 175-188. • Pitman, C. R. S. 1974. A guide to the snakes of Uganda. London, England: Wheldon & Wesley, Ltd. • Pocock, R. I. 1912. Exhibitions and Notices: elephant-shrews. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1912, 142-144. • Pocock, T. N. 1987. Plio-Pleistocene fossil mammalian microfauna of southern Africa - a preliminary report including description of two new fossil muroid genera (Mammalia: Rodentia). Palaeontologia Africana, 26, 69-91. • Poduschka, W. 1974. Das Paarungsverhalten des Nordafrikanischen Bodenhornchens Atlantoxerus getulus (F. Major). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 192, 81-97. • Popov, S. V., Ilchenko, O. G. & Vakhrusheva, G. V. 1995. The effect of environmental enrichment and the novelty factor on the behaviour of elephant shrews. International Zoo News, 42, 350-358. • Porter, C. A., Goodman, M. & Stanhope, M. J. 1996. Evidence on mammalian phylogeny from sequences of Exon 28 of the von Willebrand Factor gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 5, 89-101. • Pratt, S. 2005. Mammals not out of Africa. Geotimes, 50, 12-13. • Punyua, D. K. & Newson, R. M. 1985. The brown ear tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) and associated tick species on wild and domestic hosts at Muguga, Kenya. Journal of Parasitology, 71, 248-252. • Quentin, J.-C. 1978. Pterygodermatites (Neopaucipectines) zaiedi n. sp. nouveau nematode rictulaire parasite du macroscelide en Tunisie. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris (Zoology), 351, 37-41. • Quentin, J.-C. 1979. Place zoologique de Spirura rothschildi Seurat, 1915, nematode parasite de Macroscelide, dans l'evolution du genre Spirura. Bulletin Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 1, 1051-1056. • Quentin, J.-C. & Seureau, C. 1978. Identification et biologie de gongyloneme parasite du macroscelide en Tunisie. Annales de parasitologie humaine et comparee, 55, 631- 640. • Quentin, J.-C. & Verdier, J.-M. 1979. Cycle biologique de Maupasina weissi Seurat, 1913 (Nematode Subuluroidea), parasite du Macroscelide. Ontogenese des structures cephaliques. Annales de parasitologie humaine et comparee, 54, 621-635. • Qumsiyeh, M. B. 1983. Occurence and zoogeographical implications of Myotis blythi (Tomes, 1857) in Libya. Mammalia, 47, 429-430. • Rabia, A. 1976. Les rongeurs du Pliocene superieur et du Quaternaire ancien de l'Oranie. Description et interet stratigraphique. La lignee du Paraethomys. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord. Alger, 67, 119-132. • Rahm, U. 1966. Les mammiferes de la foret equatoriale de l'Est du Congo. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale Tervuren Belgique, Sciences Zoologiques, 149, 37- 121. • Ralls, K. & Ballou, J. 1982. Effect of inbreeding on juvenile mortality in some small mammal species. Laboratory Animals, 16, 159-166. • Raman, J. 1999. Molecular systematics of seven southern African elephant-shrew species. pp. 220: University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. • Raman, J., Meusel, M. S. & Perrin, M. R. 1995. Mitochondrial DNA systematics of the southern African elephant-shrews -- preliminary results. Mammal Review, 25, 97-99. • Raman, J. & Perrin, M. R. 1997. Allozyme and isozyme variation in seven southern African elephant-shrew species. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 62, 108-116. • Rankin, J. J. 1965. Notes on the ecology, capture and behavior in captivity of Nasilio brachyuhynchus brachyrhynchus (A. Smith). Zoologica Africana, 1, 73-80. • Rankin, J. J. 1967. The transport and laboratory maintenance of the elephant-shrew Nasilio brachyrhynchus brachyrhynchus (A. Smith). Journal of the Institute of Animal Technicians, 18, 178-183. • Rathbun, G. & Woodall, P. 2001. Bibliography on elephant-shrews. Journal of Mammalogy, 82, 618-619. • Rathbun, G. B. 1973. The golden-rumped elephant-shrew. African Wildlife Leadership Foundation News, 8, 3-7. • Rathbun, G. B. 1973. Territoriality in the golden-rumped elephant-shrew. East African Wildlife Journal, 11, 405. • Rathbun, G. B. 1974. Studying the golden-rumped elephant-shrew. Post Kenya, 4, 21- 22. • Rathbun, G. B. 1976. The ecology and social structure of the elephant-shrews Rhynchocyon chrysopygus Gunther and Elephantulus rufescens Peters. pp. 263: University of Nairobi. • Rathbun, G. B. 1978. Evolution of the rump region in the golden-rumped elephant- shrew. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 6, 11-19. • Rathbun, G. B. 1979. Rhynchocyon chrysopygus. American Society of Mammalogists, Mammalian Species, 117, 1-4. • Rathbun, G. B. 1979. The social structure and ecology of elephant-shrews. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie (Supplement 20), 1-77. • Rathbun, G. B. 1980. Ecology of the golden-rumped elephant-shrew (Rhynchocyon chrysopygus) of Kenya. National Geographic Society Research Reports, 12, 573-578. • Rathbun, G. B. 1983. Ecology and social structure of the rufous elephant-shrew. National Geographic Society Research Reports, 15, 549-555. • Rathbun, G. B. 1984. Elephant-shrews. Order Macroscelidea. In: Encyclopedia of mammals (Ed. by Macdonald, D.), pp. 728-735. New York, New York: Facts-On-File. • Rathbun, G. B. 1992. The fairly true elephant-shrew. Natural History, 101, 55-61. • Rathbun, G. B. 1994. Wildlife as Canon sees it: Golden-rumped elephant shrew. National Geographic Magazine, 185, iii. • Rathbun, G. B. 1995. Conservation issues and strategies for elephant-shrews. Mammal Review, 25, 79-86. • Rathbun, G. B. 1995. Elephant shrews are not elephant-shrews. ITSES-The newsletter of the IUCN/SSC insectivore, tree-shrew and elephant-shrew specialist group, 2, 5-6. • Rathbun, G. B. 1998. Elephant shrews - Hounded to extinction? Africa - Environment and Wildlife, 6, 45. • Rathbun, G. B. 2001. Elephant-shrews. In: The new encyclopedia of mammals (Ed. by Macdonald, D.), pp. 716-721. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. • Rathbun, G. B. 2008. Tales of sengi tails. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 6, 8-10. • Rathbun, G. B. 2009. Why is there discordant diversity in sengi (Mammalia: Afrotheria: Macroscelidea) taxonomy and ecology? African Journal of Ecology, 47, 1-13. • Rathbun, G. B. 2013. Species accounts: Genus Petrodromus, P. tetradactylus, Genus Rhynchocyon, R. cirnei, R. chrysopygus, R. petersi. In: Mammals of Africa, Volume I (Ed. by Kingdon, J., Happld, D., Hoffmann, M., Butynski, T., Happold, M. & Kalina, J.), pp. 279-287. London: Bloomsbury. • Rathbun, G. B., (subeditor). 2005. Order Macroscelidea. In: The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion, 3rd edition (Ed. by Skinner, J. D. & Chimimba, C. T.), pp. 22-34. Cape Town, South Africa: Cambridge University Press. • Rathbun, G. B., Agnelli, P. & Innocenti, G. 2014. Distribution of sengis in the Horn of Africa. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 10, 2-4. • Rathbun, G. B., Beaman, P. & Maliniak, E. 1981. Capture, husbandry and breeding of rufous elephant-shrews, Elephantulus rufescens. International Zoo Yearbook, 21, 176- 184. • Rathbun, G. B. & Fons, R. 1988. Russelspringer. In: Grzimeks enzyklopadie saugetiere (Ed. by Grzimek, B.), pp. 521-528. Munchen, West Germany: Kindler Verlag. • Rathbun, G. B. & Fons, R. 1990. Modern elephant shrews. In: Grzimek's encyclopedia of mammals (Ed. by Grzimek, B.), pp. 520-531. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill. • Rathbun, G. B. & Kingdon, J. 2006. The etymology of "SENGI". Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 4, 14-15. • Rathbun, G. B. & Kyalo, S. N. 2000. Golden-rumped elephant-shrew. In: Endangered animals, a reference guide to conflicting issues (Ed. by Reading, R. P. & Miller, B.), pp. 125-129,340-341. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. • Rathbun, G. B. & Lackey, L. B. 2007. A brief graphical history of sengis in captivity. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 5, 7-8. • Rathbun, G. B., Osborne, T. O. & Coals, P. G. R. 2015. Distribution of the Etendeka round-eared sengi (Macroscelides micus), a Namibian endemic mammal. Journal of Namibia Scientific Society, In Press. • Rathbun, G. B. & Rathbun, C. D. 2005. Does the Cape sengi (Elephantulus edwardii) occur in Namibia? Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 3, 5-6. • Rathbun, G. B. & Rathbun, C. D. 2006. Social structure of the bushveld sengi (Elephantulus intufi) in Namibia and the evolution of monogamy in the Macroscelidea. Journal of Zoology, London, 269, 391-399. • Rathbun, G. B. & Redford, K. 1981. Pedal scent-marking in the rufous elephant-shrew, Elephantulus rufescens. Journal of Mammalogy, 62, 635-637. • Rathbun, G. B. & Ribble, D. 2003. Does the Golden-rumped Sengi (Rhynchocyon chrysopygus) occur in coastal Tanzania? Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 2, 6. • Rathbun, G. B. & Woodall, P. F. 2002. A bibliography of elephant-shrews or sengis (Macroscelidea). Mammal Review, 32, 66-70. • Rautenbach, I. L. 1971. Notes on the small mammals of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. Koedoe, 14, 137-143. • Rautenbach, I. L. 1978. The Mammals of the Transvaal. University of Natal. • Rautenbach, I. L. & Nel, J. A. J. 1980. Mammal diversity and ecology in the Cedarberg Wilderness Area, Cape Province. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 32, 101-124. • Rautenbach, I. L. & Schlitter, D. A. 1977. Nongeographic variation in elephant shrews (Genus Elephantulus Thomas & Schwann, 1906) of southern Africa. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 46, 223-243. • Rautenbach, I. L., Schlitter, D. A. & de Graaf, G. 1979. Notes on the mammals of the Augrabies Falls National Park and surrounding areas, with special reference to regional zoogeographical implications. Koedoe, 22, 157-175. • Rautenback, I. L. 1982. Mammals of the Transvaal. Pretoria, South Africa: Ecoplan Monograph Series, No. 1. • Rautenbasch, I. L., Skinner, J. D. & Nel, J. A. J. 1980. The past and present status of the mammals of Maputaland. In: Studies on the ecology of Maputaland (Ed. by Bruton, M. N. & Cooper, K. H.), pp. 322-345. Grahamstown & Durban: Rhodes University & The Natal Branch of the Wildlife Society of Southern Africa. • Redford, K. H. 1987. Ants and termites as food - patterns of mammalian myrmecophagy. In: Current mammalogy (Ed. by Genoways, H. H.), pp. 349-399. New York, New York: Plemum Press. • Redi, C. A., Garagna, S., Succotti, M. & Capanna, E. 2007. Genome size: a novel genomic signature in support of Afrotheria. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 64, 484- 487. • Rehkamper, G. 1981. Vergleichende Architektonik des Neocortex der Insectivora. Zeitschrift fur die Zoologische systematik und evolutionforschung, 19, 233-263. • Reichenow, A. 1886. Zwei neue Saugethiere aus Inner-Afrika. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 9, 315-317. • Reumer, J. W. F. & Meylan, A. 1986. New developments in vertebrate cytotaxonomy IX Chromosome numbers in the order Insectivora (Mammalia). Genetica, 70, 119-151. • Revoil, G. 1882. Faune et flore des Pays Comalis (Afrique orientale). Paris: Challamel Aine. • Rhoads, S. N. 1896. Mammals collected by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith during his expedition to Lake Rudolf. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, 1896, 517-546. • Ribble, D. O. & Perrin, M. R. 2005. Social organization of the eastern rock elephant- shrew (Elephantulus myurus): the evidence for mate guarding. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135 (Supplement), 167-173. • Rickart, E. A. 1981. Demography and activity patterns of some small mammals from the Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Mammalogy, 62, 646-649. • Riegel, M. G. 1977. Monogamous mammals: variations on a scheme. Science News, 112, 76-78. • Robbins, L. W. & Baker, R. J. 1978. Karyotypic data for African mammals, with a description of an in vivo bone marrow technique. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 6, 188-210. • Roberts, A. 1913. The collection of mammals in the Transvaal Museum registered up to the 31st March, 1913, with descriptions of new species. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 4, 65-107. • Roberts, A. 1913. The Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition to Great Namaqualand, 1912-1913. The records of mammals collected. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 4, 116-117. • Roberts, A. 1914. The records of mammals collected, in Methuen et al.: The Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition to Great Namaqualand 1912-1913: Zoology. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 4, 116-117. • Roberts, A. 1914. Supplementary list of African mammals in the collection of the Transvaal Museum, with descriptions of some new species. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 4, 180-186. • Roberts, A. 1917. Fourth supplementary list of mammals in the collection of the Transvaal Museum. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 5, 263-278. • Roberts, A. 1924. Some additions to the list of South African mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 10, 59-76. • Roberts, A. 1929. New forms of African mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 13, 82-121. • Roberts, A. 1932. Preliminary description of fifty-seven new forms of South African mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 15, 1-19. • Roberts, A. 1933. Eleven new forms of South African mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 15, 265-270. • Roberts, A. 1935. Scientific results of the Verney-Lang Kalahari expedition, March to September, 1930. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 16, 187-249. • Roberts, A. 1937. Descriptions of some new subspecies of South African mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 19, 99-103. • Roberts, A. 1938. Descriptions of new forms of mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 19, 231-245. • Roberts, A. 1946. Descriptions of numerous new subspecies of mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 20, 303-328. • Roberts, A. 1951. The mammals of South Africa. Cape Town: Central News Agency. • Robinson, T. J., Fu, B., Ferguson-Smith, M. A. & Yang, F. 2004. Cross-species chromosome painting in the golden mole and elephant-shrew: support for the mammalian clades Afrotheria and Afroinsectiphillia but not Afroinsectivora. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B, 271, 1477-1484. • Robinson, T. J., Ruiz-Herrera, A. & Avise, J. C. 2008. Hemiplasy and homoplasy in the karyotypic phylogenies of mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 105, 14477-14481. • Rochon-Duvigneaud, A. 1943. Les Yeax et la Vision des Vertebres. Paris: Masson et Cie. • Rodgers, W. A. & Homewood, K. M. 1982. Species richness and endemism in the Usambara Mountain forests, Tanzania. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 197- 242. • Rodgers, W. A., Owen, C. F. & Homewood, K. M. 1982. Biogeography of East African forest mammals. Journal of Biogeography, 9, 41-54. • Rodhain, J., Pons, C., Vandenbranden, F. & Bequaert, J. 1913. Notes sur quelques hematozoaires du Congo belge. Archiv fur Protistenkunde, Jena, 29, 259-278. • Roeper, N. 1981. Foot drumming in the elephant shrew, Elephantulus rufescens. pp. 105: University of Maryland. • Romer, A. S. 1928. Pleistocene mammals of Algeria. Fauna of the Paleolithic station of Mechta-el-Arbi. Bulletin of the Logan Museum, 1, 80-163. • Rookmaaker, L. C. 1989. The zoological exploration of southern Africa, 1650-1790. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema. • Roosevelt, T. 1909. African game trails. New York, New York: Charles Scribners and Sons. • Rose, K. D. 1973. The mandibular dentition of Plagiomene Dermoptera, Plagiomenidae. Breviora, 1-17. • Rose, K. D. 1999. Postcranial skeleton of Eocene Leptictidae (Mammalia), and its implications for behavior and relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19, 355-372. • Rose, K. D. 2006. The postcranial skeleton of early Oligocene Leptictis tictidium from the middle Eocene of Messel. Palaeontographica, 278, 37-56. • Rose, K. D. 2012. The importance of Messel for interpreting Eocene Holarctic mammalian faunas. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 92, 631-647. • Rosenthal, M. 1975. The Management, Behavior and Reproduction of the Short-eared Elephant Shrew Macroscelides proboscideus (Shaw). pp. 61: Northeastern Illinois University. • Rosenthal, M. A. 1979. International zoo news - Chicago, USA. International Zoo News, 26, 40. • Ross, J. 1981. The Insect World at the Cincinnati Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook, 21, 36-41. • Rothmann, A. 1964. The elephant shrew and company. Cape Town: Tafelberg- Uitgewers. • Roux, G. H. 1947. The cranial development of certain Ethiopian insectivores and its bearing on the mutual affinities of the group. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 28, 165-307. • Rovero, F. 2008. Un nuovo mammifero dalle foreste della Tanzania. Darwin, 25, 14-19. • Rovero, F. & Bowkett, A. 2006. A camera-trap survey of forest mammals in the Uluguru North Forest Reserve. pp. 4: Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali, Trento, Itlay. • Rovero, F., Collett, L., Ricci, S., Martin, E. & Spitale, D. 2013. Distribution, occupancy, and habitat associations of the gray-faced sengi (Rhynchocyon udzungwensis) as revealed by camera traps. Journal of Mammalogy, 94, 792-800. • Rovero, F. & Jones, T. 2008. The naming of the shrew. Africa Geographic, 16, 18-19. • Rovero, F., Martin, E., Rosa, M., Ahumada, J. A. & Spitale, D. 2014. Estimating species richness and modelling habitat preferences of tropical forest mammals from camera trap data. PLoS (Public Library of Science) ONE, 9, e103300 ( pp). • Rovero, F. & Rathbun, G. B. 2006. A potentially new giant sengi (elephant-shrew) from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. Journal of East African Natural History, 95, 111- 115. • Rovero, F., Rathbun, G. B., Perkin, A., Jones, T., Ribble, D., Leonard, C., Mwakisoma, R. R. & Doggart, N. 2008. A new species of giant sengi or elephant-shrew (genus Rhynchocyon) highlights the exceptional biodiversity of the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Journal of Zoology, London, 274, 126-133. • Rowlatt, U. 1990. Comparative anatomy of the heart of mammals. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 98, 73-110. • Roxburgh, L. & Perrin, M. R. 1994. Temperature regulation and activity pattern of the round-eared elephant shrew Macroscelides proboscideus. Journal of Thermal Biology, 19, 13-20. • Ruiz-Herrera, A. & Robinson, T. J. 2007. Chromosomal instability in Afrotheria: fragile sites, evolutionary breakpoints and phylogenetic inference from genome sequence assemblies. BMC Evoultionary Biology, 7:199, 1-15. • Rzebik-Kowalska, B. 1985. Records of Suncus etruscus in Algeria. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 173, 225-226. • Saban, R. 1956-1957. Les affinites du genre Tupaia Raffles 1821, d'apres les caracteres morphologiques da la tete osseuse. Annales de Paleontologie, 42 & 43, 169-224;1-44. • Sabuni, C., Beddetti, A. & Leirs, H. 2011. Can giant sengis (genus Rhynchocyon) be captured with baited traps? Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 8, 9-12. • Saetnan, E. & Skorpe, C. 2006. The effect of ungulate grazing on a small mammal community in southeastern Botswana. African Zoology, 41, 9-16. • Salton, J. A. & Sargis, E. J. 2008. Evolutionary morphology of the Tenrecoidea (Mammalia) carpal complex. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 93, 267-288. • Salton, J. A. & Sargis, E. J. 2008. Evolutionary morphology of the Tenrecoidea (Mammalia) forelimb skeleton. In: Mammalian evolutionary morphology: A tribute to Frederick S. Szalay (Ed. by Sargis, E. J. & Dagosto, M.), pp. 51-71. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. • Salton, J. A. & Sargis, E. J. 2009. Evolutionary morphology of the Tenrecoidea (Mammalia) hindlimb skeleton. Journal of Morphology, 270, 367-387. • Salton, J. A. & Szalay, F. S. 2004. The tarsal complex of Afro-Malagasy Tenrecoidea: A search for phylogenetically meaningful characters. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 11, 73-104. • Sanides, D. & Sanides, F. 1974. A comparative golgi study of the neocortex in insectivores and rodents. Zeitschrift fur mikroskopisch anatische Forschung, 88, 957- 977. • Sarich, V. M. 1985. Rodent macromolecular systematics. In: Evolutionary relationships among rodents. A multidisciplinary approach (Ed. by Luckett, W. P. & Hartenberger, J.- L.), pp. 423-452. New York: Plenum Press. • Sarich, V. M. 1993. Mammalian systematics: twenty-five years among their albumens and transferrins. In: Mammal phylogeny; placentals (Ed. by Szalay, F. S., Novacek, M. J. & McKenna, M. C.), pp. 103-114. New York: Springer-Verlag. • Sauer, E. G. F. 1972. Setzdistanz und Mutterfamilie bei der Kurzohrigen Elefantenspitzmaus. Mitteilungen der Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 4-6, 114-134. • Sauer, E. G. F. 1973. Zum sozialverhalten der kurzohrigen elefantenspitzmaus, Macrocelides proboscideus. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 38, 65-97. • Sauer, E. G. F. & Sauer, E. M. 1971. Die kurzohrige Elefantenspitzmaus in der Namib. Namib und Meer, 2, 5-43. • Sauer, E. G. F. & Sauer, E. M. 1972. Zur biologie de kurzohrigen elefantenspitzmaus Macroscelides proboscideus. Zeitschrift des Kolner Zoo, 15, 119-139. • Sauer, E. G. F. & Sauer, E. M. 1973. Die Kurzohrige Elefantenspitzmaus. Umschau, 73, 491-495. • Scalici, M. & Panchetti, F. 2011. Morphological cranial diversity contriubtes to phylogeny in soft-furred sengis (Afrotheria, Macroscelidea). Zoology, 114, 85-94. • Scaramella, D., Russo, L. F. & D'Errico, F. P. 1974. I mammiferi della Somalia (a livello della sottospecie). Bollettino della Societadi Naturalisti in Napoli, 83, 269-331. • Scherer, J. 1905. Die elephantenspitzmaus. Illustirte Zeitung (Berlin), 3214, 161, 164- 165. • Schinze, H. 1844. Systematisches Verzeichniss aller bis jetzt bekannten Saugethiere, order Synopsis Mammalium nach dem Cuvier'schen system. Solothurn. • Schlitter, D. A. 1993. Order Macroscelidea. In: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference (Ed. by Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M.), pp. 829- 830. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. • Schlitter, D. A. 2005. Order Macroscelidea. In: Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (Ed. by Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M.), pp. 82-85. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. • Schlosser, M. 1910. Uber einige fossile Saugetiere aus dem Oligocan von Agypten. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 35, 500-508. • Schlosser, M. 1911. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der oligozanen Landsaugetiere aus dem Fayum, Agypten. Beitrage zur Palaeontologie und Geologie Osterreich-Ungarns und des Orients, 24, 51-167. • Schmidt, K. U. & Fischer, M. S. 2007. Locomotion of the short-eared elephant shrew, Macroscelides proboscideus (Macroscelidea, Mammalia): Effects of elongated hind limbs. Journal of Morphology, 268 (abstracts), 1131. • Schmidt-Nielsen, B. 1958. Urea excretion in mammals. Physiological Reviews, 38, 139-168. • Schmitz, E. 1994. Besonderheiten im anatomischen umfeld des jacobsonschen organs des russelhondchens (Rhynchocyon spec., Macroscelidea, Mammalia). In: Biologie/Chemie, pp. 45. Kassel, Germany: Universitat Kassel. • Schneider, G. & Marais, C. 2004. Passage Through Time - The Fossils of Namibia. Windheok, Namibia: Gamsberg Macmillan. • Schouteden, H. 1947. De zoogdieren van Belgisch Congo en van Ruanda-Urundi. Annales du Musee du Congo Belge, Tome III, 1-576. • Schubert, M. 2011. A summary of the social system of the round-eared sengi. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 8, 12-13. • Schubert, M., Pillay, N., Ribble, D. & Schradin, C. 2009. The round-eared sengi and the evolution of social monogamy: factors that constrain males to live with single females. Ethology, 115, 972-985. • Schubert, M., Rodel, H. G., Pillay, N. & Holst, D. v. 2012. Promiscuous tendencies in the round-eared sengi: a male's perspective. Journal of Ethology, 30, 43-51. • Schubert, M., Schradin, C., Rodel, H. G., Pillay, N. & Ribble, D. 2009. Male mate guarding in a socially monogamous mammal, the round-eared sengi: on costs and trade-offs. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, 64, 257-264. • Schulze, P. 1943. Ueber zwei bemerkenswerte afrikanische Schweterarten von Ixodes: I. rasus NEUM. und vanidicus n. sp. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 142, 121-140. • Sclater, P. L. 1899. Exhibition of, and remarks upon, some specimens of mammals from the Nyasa-Tanganyika Plateau. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899, 552-553. • Sclater, W. L. 1901. Rodentia, Chiroptera, Insectivora, Cetacea and Edentata. London: R. H. Porter. • Seabra de, A. F. 1909. Note sur quelques mammiferes de l'Afrique Occidentale captures par Fr. Newton en 1905 et appartenant au Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Porto. Annaes Scientificos da Academia Polytechnica do Porto, 4, 218-220. • Seckel , L. & Janis, C. 2008. Convergences in scapula morphology among small cursorial mammals: An osteological correlate for locomotory specialization. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 15, 261-279. • Segall, W. 1970. Morphological parallelisms of the bulla and auditory ossicles in some insectivores and marsupials. Fieldiana Zoology, 51, 169-205. • Séguignes, M. 1983. La torpeur chez Elephantulus rozeti (Insectivorea, Macroscelididae). Mammalia, 47, 87-91. • Séguignes, M. 1988. Facteurs de repartition d'Elephantulus rozeti (Macroscelidea, Macroscdelididae) en Afrique du nord. In: Academie de Montplellier, pp. 326: Universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc. • Séguignes, M. 1989. Contribution a l'etude de la reproduction d'Elephantulus rozeti (Insectivora, Macroscelididae). Mammalia, 53, 377-386. • Segura, J., Ferretti, L., Ramos-Onsins, S., Capilla, L., Farre, M., Reis, F., Oliver-Bonet, M., Fernandez-Bellon, H., Garcia, F., Garcia-Caldes, M., Robinson, T. J. & Ruiz- Herrera, A. 2013. Evolution of recombination in eutherian mammals: insights into mechanisms that affect recombination rates and crossover interference. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 280, 20131945 (10 pp). • Seiffert, E. R. 2003. A phylogenetic analysis of living and extinct afrotherian placentals. Unpublished dissertation, Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Duke University. • Seiffert, E. R. 2007. A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic, morphological, and fossil evidence. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7:224, 13 pp. • Semichon, L. 1922. Le renflement caudal du Macroscelides rozeti Duvernoy. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 47, 466-469. • Semichon, L. 1930. La region glandulaire subcaudale d'un macroscelide. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 55, 126-127. • Senegas, F., Paradis , E. & Michaux, J. 2005. Homogeneity of fossil assemblages extracted from mine dumps: an analysis of Plio-Pleistocene fauna from South African caves. Lethaia, 38, 316-322. • Senut, B. 2003. The Macroscelididae from the Miocene of the Orange River, Namibia. Memoir Geological Survey of Namibia, 19, 119-141. • Senut, B. 2008. Macroscelididae from the lower Miocene of the Northern Sperrgebiet, Namibia. Memoir Geological Survey of Namibia, 20, 185-225. • Senut, B., Pickford, M., Mein, P., Conroy, G. & Couvering, J. v. 1992. Discovery of 12 new late Cainozoic fossiliferous sites in palaeokarsts of Otavi Mountains, Namibia. Comptes Rendus Academie Science Paris, 314, 727-733. • Senut, B., Pickford, M. & Segalen, L. 2009. Neogene desertification of Africa. Geoscience, 341, 591-602. • Setzer, H. W. 1956. Mammals of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 106, 447-587. • Seurat, L. G. 1913. Sur quelques nematodes du Sud Tunisien. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord, 4, 126-130. • Seurat, L.-G. 1914. Sur une filare peritoneale du Macroscelide. Comptes Rendus de Seances de la Societe de Biologie, 77, 524-526. • Shaw, G. 1800. General zoology or systematic natural history. Vol. I. Part 2. Mammalia. London: Printed for G. Kearsley. • Shaw, M. 1984. Streptococcus zooepidemicus in small carnivorous mammals fed uncooked horsemeat. Journal of Zoo And Animal Medicine, 15, 161-164. • Shea, B. T. 2007. Start small and live slow: Encephalization, body size, and life history strategies in primate origins and evolution. In: Primate Origins: Adaptations and Evolution (Ed. by Ravosa, M. J. & Dagosto, M.), pp. 583-623. New York: Springer. • Shepherd, A. J. & Narro, S. P. 1983. The genus Ornithonyssus Sambon 1928 in the Ethiopian region: a description of a new species and a redescription of O. roseinnesi (Zumpt & Till, 1953) (Acarina, Mesostigmata). Acarologia, 24, 347-354. • Sheppe, W. A. 1973. Notes on Zambian rodents and shrews. The Puku, 7, 167-190. • Sherwood, C. C., Stimpson, C. D., Butti, C., Bonar, C. J., Newton, A. L., Allman, J. M. & Hof, P. R. 2009. Neocortical neuron types in Xenartha and Afrotheria: implications for brain evolution in mammals. Brain Structure and Function, 213, 301-328. • Shortridge, G. C. 1934. The Mammals of Southwest Africa. London, England: Heinemann. • Shortridge, G. C. 1942. Field notes on the first and second expedition of the Cape Museum's mammal survey of the Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum, 36, 27-100. • Shortridge, G. C. & Carter, D. 1938. A new genus and new species and subspecies of mammals from Little Namaqualand and the North-west Cape Province; and a new subspecies of Gerbillus paeba from the Eastern Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum, 32, 281-291. • Shoshani, J. 1986. Mammalian phylogeny: comparison of morphological and molecular results. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 3, 222-242. • Shoshani, J. 1993. Hyracoidea-Tethytheria affinity based on myological data. In: Mammal phylogeny; placentals (Ed. by Szalay, F. S., Novacek, M. J. & McKenna, M. C.), pp. 235-256. New York: Springer-verlag. • Shoshani, J. & McKenna, M. C. 1998. Higher taxonomic relationships among extant mammals based on morphology, with selected camparisons of results from molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 9, 572-584. • Shrivastava, R. K. 1963. The deltoid musculature of the Insectivora. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 44, 131-143. • Shute, C. C. D. 1956. The evolution of the mammalian eardrum and tympanic cavity. Journal of Anatomy, 90, 261-281. • Siex, K. S. & Delgado, R. A., Jr. 2008. The black-and-rufous sengi (Rhynchocyon petersi): Disribution, relative abundance, and conservation on Zanzibar. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 6, 1-5. • Simmons, R. M. T. 1975. The structure of the diencephalon in the Insectivora (especially Elephantulus myurus), the Tupaioidea and the prosimian Primates with special reference to the evolution of the primate diencephalon. University of Witwatersrand, South Africa. • Simmons, R. M. T. 1977. The structure of the diencephalon in the Insectivora (especially Elephantulus myurus), the Tupaioidea and the prosimian Primates with special reference to the evolution of the primate diencephalon. Dissertation Abstracts International. Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 37, 3712. • Simons, E. L., Holroyd, P. A. & Bown, T. M. 1991. Early tertiary elephant-shrews from Egypt and the origin of the Macroscelidea. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 88, 9734-9737. • Simons, R. M. T. 1977. The structure of the diencephalon in the Insectivora, (especially Elephantulus myurus), the Tupaiodea and the prosimian primates with special reference to the evolution of the primates. Occasional Bulletin. Zoological Society of southern Africa, 1, 68. • Simpson, G. G. 1931. A new insectivore from the Oligocene, Ulan Gochu horizon, of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates, No. 505, 1-22. • Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85, i-xvi,1-350. • Skead, C. J. 1958. Mammals of the Uitenhage and Craddock Disticts C.P. in recent times. Koedoe, 1, 19-59. • Skead, C. J. 1980. Historical mammal incidence in the Cape Province. Cape Town, South Africa: Department of Nature and Environmental Conservation. • Skinner, J. D. & Smithers, R. H. N. 1990. The mammals of the southern African subregion. Pretoria: University of Pretoria. • Slaughter, B. H., Pine, R. H. & Pine, N. E. 1974. Eruption of cheek teeth in Insectivora and Carnivora. Journal of Mammalogy, 55, 115-125. • Sliwa, A., Herbst, M. & Mills, M. G. L. 2010. Black-footed cats (Felis nigripes) and African widlcats (Felis silvestris): a comparison of two small felids from South Africa arid lands. In: The Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids (Ed. by Macdonald, D. & Loveridge, A.), pp. 537-558. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. • Slomianka, L., Amrein, I., Knuesel, I., Sorensen, J. C. & Wolfer, D. P. 2011. Hippocampal pyramidal cells: the reemergence of cortical lamination. Brain Structure and Function, 216, 301-317. • Slomianka, L., Drenth, T., Cavegn, N., Menges, D., Lazic, S. E., Phalanndwa, M., Chimimba, C. T. & Amrein, I. 2013. The hippocampus of the eastern rock sengi: cytoarchitecture, markers of neuronal function, principal cell numbers, and adult neurogenesis. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 7, 34:1-20. • Smeele, L. E. 1989. Ontogeny of relationship of middle ear and temporomandibular (squamomandibular) joint in mammals. 2. Morphology and ontogeny in insectivores. Acta Anatomica, 134, 62-66. • Smit, F. G. A. M. 1961. Siphonaptera collected by Mr. G.B. Corbet in Kenya. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 63, 357-371. • Smit, H. A. 2008. Phylogeography of three southern African endemic elephant-shrews and a supermatrix approach to the Macroscelidea. In: Department of Zoology, pp. 160 pp. Matieland, South Africa: Stellenbosch University. • Smit, H. A., Robinson, T. J. & Jansen van Vuuren, B. 2007. Vicariance and the endemic Cape rock sengi (Elephantulus edwardii): are these two linked? Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 5, 5-7. • Smit, H. A., Robinson, T. J. & Van Vuuren, B. J. 2007. Coalescence methods reveal the impact of vicariance on the spatial genetic structure of Elephantulus edwardii (Afrotheria, Macroscelidea). Molecular Ecology, 16, 2680-2692. • Smit, H. A., Robinson, T. J., Watson, J. & Jansen van Vuuren, B. 2008. A new species of elephant-shrew (Afrotheria: Macroscelidea: Elephantulus) from South Africa. Journal of Mammalogy, 89, 1257-1269. • Smit, H. A., Van Vuuren, B. J., O'Brian, P. C. M., Ferguson-Smith, M. A., Yang, F. & Robinson, T. J. 2011. Phylogenetic relationships of elephant-shrews (Afrotheria, Macroscelididae). Journal of Zoology, London, 284, 133-143. • Smit, H. A., Watson, J. & Van Vuuren, B. J. 2010. Relative importance of habitat connectivity in shaping the genetic profiles of two southern African elephant-shrews. Journal of Biogeography, 37, 857-864. • Smith, A. 1829. Contributions to the natural history of South Africa. Zoological Journal of London, 4, 433-444. • Smith, A. 1831. Letter to N.A. Vigors read to the Society. Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London, 1830- 31, Part I, 11. • Smith, A. 1836. Report of the expedition for the exploration of Central Africa. Cape Town. • Smith, A. 1838. Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa, consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836. Mammalia - Plate X. London: Smith, Elder, and Company. • Smith, A. B., Sadr, K., Gribble, J. & Yates, R. 1991. Excavations in the south-western cape, South Africa, and the archaeological identity of prehistoric hunter-gatherers within the last 2000 years. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 46, 71-91. • Smith, A. B., Yates, R., Miller, D., Jacobson, L. & Evans, G. 1995. Excavations at Geduld and the appearance of early domestic stock in Namibia. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 50, 3-20. • Smith, G. E. 1902. Notes on the brain of Macroscelides and other Insectivora. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 28, 443-448. • Smithers, R. H. N. 1968. A check list and atlas of the mammals of Botswana (Africa). Salisbury: Trustees of the National Museum of Rhodesia. • Smithers, R. H. N. 1971. The mammals of Botswana. Salisbury, Rhodesia: National Museums of Rhodesia. • Smithers, R. H. N. 1983. The mammals of the southern African subregion. Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria. • Smithers, R. H. N. 1986. South African red data book - terrestrial mammals. Pretoria, South Africa: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. • Smithers, R. H. N. & Tello, J. L. P. L. 1976. Check list and atlas of the mammals of Mocambique. Salisbury, Rhodesia: National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia. • Smithers, R. H. N. & Wilson, V. J. 1979. Check list and atlas of the mammals of Zimbabwe Rhodesia. Salisbury: National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia. • Sokolov, V. E., Dankova, A. A. & Eugen'eva, T. P. 1980. Morphology of the subcaudal specific cutaneous gland of the four-toed elephant shrew Petrodromus tetradactylus, Mammalia, Insectivora. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 250, 746-748. • Sonntag, C. F. 1925. The comparative anatomy of the tongue of the Mammalia. XII Summary, classification and phylogeny. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1925, 701-762. • Southern, H. N. & Hook, O. 1963. Notes on breeding of small mammals in Uganda and Kenya. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 140, 503-515. • Spatz, W. B. 1970. Binokulares Sehen und Kopfgestaltung: Ein Beitrag zum Problem des Gestaltwandels des Schadels der Primaten, insbesondere der Lorisidae. Acta Anatomica, 75, 489-520. • Sperber, I. 1944. Studies on the mammalian kidney. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 22, 299-431. • Spinks, A. C. 1992. The effects of a seasonal diet shift on the gastrointestinal anatomy, physiology and microflora of the round eared elephant shrew,Macroscelides proboscideus (Macroscelidea). University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg. • Spinks, A. C. & Perrin, M. R. 1995. The digestive tract of Macroscelides proboscideus and the effects of diet quality on gut dimensions. South African Journal of Zoology, 30, 33-36. • Spinks, A. C. & Perrin, M. R. 1995. Effects of a diet shift on the gastrointestinal function of the round-eared elephant-shrew Macroscelides proboscideus (Macroscelidea). Mammal Review, 25, 99-100. • Springer, M. S., Amrine, H. M., Burk, A. & Stanhope, M. J. 1999. Additional support for Afrotheria and Paenungulata, the performance of mitochondrial versus nuclear genes, and the impact of data partitions with heterogeneous base compounds. Systematic Biology, 48, 65-75. • Springer, M. S., Burk, A., Kavanagh, J. R., Waddell, V. G. & Stanhope, M. J. 1997. The interphotoreceptor retinoid binding gene in therian mammals: implications for higher- level relationships and evidence for loss of function in the marsupial mole. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 94, 13754-13759. • Springer, M. S., Cleven, G. C., Madsen, O., de Jong, W. W., Waddell, V. G., Amrine, H. M. & Stanhope, M. J. 1997. Endemic African mammals shake the phylogenetic tree. Nature (London), 388, 61-64. • Springer, M. S., Stanhope, M. J., Madsen, O. & De Jong, W. W. 2004. Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19, 430-438. • St. Leger, J. 1935. On some mammals collected by Dr. Drake-Brockman in Somaliland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 666-673. • St. Leger, J. 1937. Mammals collected by the Lake Rudolf Rift Valley Expedition, 1934. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 524-531. • Stanhope, M. J., Smith, M. R., Waddell, V. G., Porter, C. A., Shivji, M. S. & Goodman, M. 1996. Mammalian evolution and the interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) gene: convincing evidence for several superordinal clades. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 43, 83-92. • Stanhope, M. J., Waddell, V. G., Cleven, G. C., de Jong, W. W. & Springer, M. S. 1998. Highly congruent molecular support for a diverse superordinal clade of endemic African mammals. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 9, 501-508. • Stanhope, M. J., Waddell, V. G., Madsen, O., De Jong, W., Hedges, S. B., Cleven, G. C., Kao, D. & Springer, M. S. 1998. Molecular evidence for multiple origins of Insectvora and for a new order of endemic African insectivore mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 95, 9967-9972. • Stanley, W. T., Goodman, S. M. & Hutterer, R. 1996. Notes on the insectivores and elephant shrews of the Chome Forest, South Pare Mountains, Tanzania (Mammalia: Insectivora et Macroscelidea). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 49, 132-147. • Stanley, W. T., Goodman, S. M. & Hutterer, R. 2011. Small mammal inventories in the East and West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. 2. Families Soricidae (shrews) and Macroscelididae (elephant shrews). In: Studies of montane vertebrates of Tanzania (Fieldiana Life and Earth, vol. 4) (Ed. by Stanley, W. T.), pp. 18-33. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. • Stanley, W. T., Goodman, S. M., Kihaule, P. M. & Howell, K. M. 2000. A survey of the small mammals of the Gonja Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Journal of East African Natural History, 89, 73-83. • Stanley, W. T., Mihaule, P. M. & Munissi, M. J. 2007. Small mammals of two forest reserves in the north Pare Mountains, Tanzania. Journal East African Natural History, 96, 215-226. • Starck, D. 1949. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der placentation bei den Macroscelididen. Zeitschrift fur Anatomie und Entwicklungs Geschichte, 114, 319-339. • Stead, D. & Dudley, C. O. 1977. Liwonde National Park. Part 2. The mammals. Nyala, 3, 29-38. • Stephan, H. & Andy, O. J. 1964. Quantitative comparisons of brain structures from insectivores to primates. American Zoologist, 4, 59-74. • Stephan, H. & Andy, O. J. 1982. General brain characteristics and septal areas of the insectivores. In: Comparative correlative neuroanatomy of the vertebrate telencephalon (Ed. by Crosby, E. C. & Schnitzlein, H. N.), pp. 525-564. New York: MacMillan Publ. • Stephan, H. & Spatz, H. 1962. Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen an Insectivorengehirnen. IV, Gehirne afrikanischer Insectivoren. Versuch einer Zuordnung von Hirnbau und Lebensweise. Gegenbaurs Morphologisches Jahrbuch, 103, 108-174. • Stimson, C. & Goodman, M. 1966. Chromosomes of the elephant-shrew Nasilio brachyrhynchus brachyrhynchus. Mammalian Chromosomes Newsletter, 22, 188-190. • Stoch, Z. G. 1954. The male genital system and reproductive cycle of Elephantulus myurus jamesoni (Chubb). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 238B, 99-126. • Strien, N. J. 1989. Notable vertebrates of Mulanje Mountain. Nyala, 14, 75-79. • Stromer, E. 1922. Erste Mitteilung uber tertiare Wirbeltier-Reste aus Deutsch- Sudwestafrika. Sitzungsberichte Mathematik und Physik Kl Bayern Akademische Wissenschaft, 1921, 331-340. • Stromer, E. 1926. Reste Land- und Susswasser-bewohnender Wirbeltiere aus den Diamantfeldern Deutsch-Sudwestafrikas. In: Die diamantenwurste Sudwestafrikas (Ed. by Kaiser, E.), pp. 107-153. Berlin: Dietrich, Riemer. • Stromer, E. 1932. Paleothentoides africanus nov. gen., nov. spec., ein erstes Beuteltier aus Afrika. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1931, 177-190. • Stuart, C. & Stuart, T. 1988. Chris and Tilde Stuart's field guide to the mammals of southern Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik House. • Stuart, C. & Stuart, T. 2003. Elegant Enigmas - The Elephant Shrews of Africa. Africa Geographic, 11, 74-77. • Stuart, C., Stuart, T. & Pereboom, V. 2003. Aspects of the biology of the Cape Sengi, Elephantulus edwardii, from the Western Escarpment, South Africa. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SCC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 2, 2-4. • Stunkard, J. A., Migaki, G., Robinson, F. R. & Christian, J. 1975. Shrews: a review of the diseases, anomalies and parasites. Laboratory Animal Science, 25, 723-734. • Svartman, M. & Stanyon, R. 2012. The chromosomes of Afrotheria and their bearing on mammalian genome evolution. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 137, 144-153. • Svartman, M., Stone, G., Page, J. E. & Stanyon, R. 2004. A chromosome painting test of the basal karyotype. Chromosome Research, 12, 45-53. • Sweeney, R. C. H. 1959. A preliminary annotated check list of the mammals of Nyasaland. Blantyre: The Nyasaland Society. • Swynnerton, G. H. 1945. A revision of the type-localities of mammals occurring in the Tanganyika Territory. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 115, 49-84. • Swynnerton, G. H. & Hayman, R. W. 1951. A checklist of the land mammals of the Tanganyika Territory and the Zanzibar Protectorate. Journal of the East African Natural History Society and National Museum, 20, 274-392. • Swynnerton, G. H. & Hayman, R. W. 1958. Additions to the checklist of Tanganyika mammals. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society, 23, 9-10. • Szalay, F. S. 1977. Phylogenetic relationships and a classification of the eutherian mammalia. In: Major patterns in vertebrate evolution (Ed. by Hecht, M. K., Goody, P. C. & Hecht, B. M.), pp. 315-374. New York: Plenum Press. • Szalay, F. S. 1985. Rodent and lagomorph morphotype adaptations, origins and relationships: some postcranial attributes analysed. In: Evolutionary relationships among rodents. A multidisciplinary approach (Ed. by Luckett, W. P. & Hartenberger, J.- L.), pp. 83-132. New York: Plenum Press. • Szdzuy, K. & Zeller, U. 2008. Lung and metabolic development in mammals: Contribution to the reconstruction of the marsupial and eutherian morphotype. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 310B, 1-28. • Tabuce, R., Adnet, S., Cappetta, H., Noubhani, A. & Quillevere, F. 2005. Aznag (bassin d'Ouarzazate, Maroc), nouvelle localite a selaciens et mammiferes del'Eocene moyen (Lutetien) d'Afrique. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 176, 381-400. • Tabuce, R., Asher, R. J. & Lehmann, T. 2008. Afrotherian mammals: A review of current data. Mammalia, 72, 2-14. • Tabuce, R., Coiffait, B., Coiffait, P., Mahboubi, M. & Jaeger, J. 2001. A new genus of Macroscelidea (Mammalia) from the Eocene of Algeria: A possible origin for elephant- shrews. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21, 535-546. • Tabuce, R., Marivaux, L., Adaci, M., Bensalah, M., Hartenberger, J.-L., Mahboubi, M., Mebrouk, F., Tafforeau, P. & Jaeger, J.-J. 2007. Early Tertiary mammals from North Africa reinforce the molecular Afrotheria clade. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B, 274, 1159-1166. • Taylor, P. 1998. The smaller mammals of KwaZulu-Natal. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa: University of Natal Press. • Tell, L. A., Nichols, D. K., Fleming, P. & Bush, M. 1997. Cryptococcosis in tree shrews (Tupaia tana and Tupaia minor) and elephant shrews (Macroscelides proboscideus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 28, 175-181. • Tenaza, R. 1988. A fairy-tale animal called the rufous elephant shrew. ZooNooz, 61, 8- 10. • Thackeray, J. F. 1979. An Analysis of faunal remains from archaeological sites in southern South West Africa (Namibia). The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 34, 18-33. • Thenius, E. 1990. Elephant shrews - phylogeny. In: Grzimek's encyclopedia of mammals, pp. 524. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill. • Thomas, O. 1890. On a collection of mammals obtained by Dr. Emin Pasha in Central and Eastern Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1890, 443-450. • Thomas, O. 1892. On mammals from Nyasaland. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1892, 546-554. • Thomas, O. 1893. On a second collection of mammals sent by Mr. H.H. Johnston, C.B., from Nyasaland. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1983, 500- 504. • Thomas, O. 1894. Descriptions of two new species of Macroscelides. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 67-70. • Thomas, O. 1894. On the mammals of Nyasaland, third contribution. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1894, 136-146. • Thomas, O. 1895. Esplorazione del Giuba e dei suoi affluenti compiutu dal Capt. V. Bottego durante gli anni 1892-1893 sotto gli auspicii della Societa Geografica Italiana. Risultati zoologici Mammiferi. Annali del Museo Cicico di Storia Naturale Genova, 2, 1- 6. • Thomas, O. 1896. On the mammals of Nyasaland: fourth notice. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896, 788-798. • Thomas, O. 1897. Exhibition of specimens and descriptions of new species of mammals from North Nyasaland, with a note on the genus Petrodromus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1897, 430-436. • Thomas, O. 1897. New African mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1897, 430-436. • Thomas, O. 1898. On a small collection of mammals obtained by Mr Alfred Sharpe, C.B., in Nyasaland. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1898, 391-394. • Thomas, O. 1898. On the mammals obtained by Mr. A. Whyte in Nyasaland, and presented to the British Museum by Sir H.H. Johnston, K.C.B.; being a fifth contribution to the mammal-fauna of Nyasaland. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1897, 925-939. • Thomas, O. 1901. List of mammals obtained by Dr. Donaldson Smith during his recent journey from Lake Rudolf to the Upper Nile. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900, 800-807. • Thomas, O. 1901. List of small mammals obtained by Mr. A. E. Pease, M.P., during his recent expedition to Abyssinia, with descriptions of three new forms of Macroscelides. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 154-156. • Thomas, O. 1901. New Species of Macroscelides and Glauconycteris. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 255-257. • Thomas, O. 1902. A new Rhynchocyon from Nyasaland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 403-404. • Thomas, O. 1903. New African Mammalia of the genera Petrodromus, Dendromys, Mus and Lepus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 339-344. • Thomas, O. 1910. List of mammals from Mount Kilimanjaro, obtained by Mr. Robin Kemp, and represented to the British Museum by Mr. C.D. Rudd. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 308-316. • Thomas, O. 1910. New African mammals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 83-92. • Thomas, O. 1913. List of mammals obtained by the Hon. Walter Rothchild, Ernst Hartert and Carl Hilgert in western Algeria during 1913. Novitates Zoologicae, 20, 586- 591. • Thomas, O. 1918. Notes on Petrodromus and Rhynchocyon. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, 364-370. • Thomas, O. 1919. On a small collection of mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, 29-34. • Thomas, O. 1926. On mammals from Ovamboland and the Cunene River, obtained during Capt. Shortridge's third Percy Sladen and Kaffrarian Museum expedition into South-West Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1926, 285-312. • Thomas, O. 1927. On mammals from the Gobabis district, Eastern Damaraland, South-West Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1927, 371-398. • Thomas, O. & Hinton, M. A. C. 1925. On mammals collected in 1923 by Captain G. C. Shortridge during the Percy Sladen and Kaffrarian Museum Expedition to South West Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1925, 221-246. • Thomas, O. & Schwann, H. 1904. On a collection of mammals from British Namaqualand, presented to the national museum by Mr. C.D. Rudd. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1904, 171-183. • Thomas, O. & Schwann, H. 1906. The Rudd exploration of South Africa - V. List of mammals obtained by Mr. Grant in North East Transvaal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1906, 575-591. • Thomas, O. & Wroughton, R. C. 1905. On a second collection of mammals obtained by Dr. W.J. Ansorge in Angola. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 169- 178. • Thomas, O. & Wroughton, R. C. 1907. New Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo, mostly from the collections made during the Alexander-Gosling expedition. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 370-387. • Thomas, O. & Wroughton, R. C. 1907. The Rudd exploration of South Africa.--VII. List of mammals obtained by Mr. Grant at Conguno, Inhambane. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 285-299. • Thomas, O. & Wroughton, R. C. 1908. The Rudd Exploration of South Africa. X. List of mammals collected by Mr. Grant near Tette, Zambesia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1908, 535-553. • Thompson, S. D. 1992. Gestation and lactation in small mammals: basal metabolic rate and the limits of energy use. In: Mammalian energetics (Ed. by Horton, T. H.), pp. 213-259. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publications, Cornell University Press. • Thompson, S. D. & Nicoll, M. E. 1986. Basal metabolic rate and energetics of reproduction in therian mammals. Nature (London), 321, 690-693. • Till, W. M. 1952. The anterior pituitary of Elephantulus myurus jameson in relation to the reproductive cycle. pp. 52: University of Witwatersrand. • Tolliver, D. K., Robbins, L. W., Rautenbach, I. L., Schlitter, D. A. & Coetzee, C. G. 1989. Biochemical systematics of elephant shrews from southern Africa. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 17, 345-355. • Toschi, A. 1941. La fauna della Libia e le sue possibilita venatorie. Gli Annali dell'Africa Italiana, 4, 593-603. • Toschi, A. 1949. Note ecologiche su alcuni mammiferi di Olorgasailie (Masai Reserve, Kenya C.). Ricerche di Zoologia Applicata alla Caccia Supplemento, 2, 25-63. • Toschi, A. 1951. Mammiferi della Libia. Supplemento alle Ricerche di Zoologia Applicata alla Caccia, 2, 137-177. • Trautmann, K. & Carbone, C. 1991. The exhibition and management of the short-eared elephant shrew Macroscelides proboscideus at the Philadelphia Zoo. AAZPA Regional Conference Proceedings, 1991, 663-670. • Tripp, H. R. H. 1970. Reproduction in the Macroscelididae with special reference to ovulation. pp. 260: Univ. of London. • Tripp, H. R. H. 1970. Reproduction of elephant shrews (Macroscelididae). Zoological Society of London, Scientific Report, 1967-69, 55-56. • Tripp, H. R. H. 1971. Reproduction in elephant-shrews (Macroscelididae) with special reference to ovulation and implantation. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 26, 149- 159. • Tripp, H. R. H. 1972. Capture, laboratory care and breeding of elephant-shrews (Macroscelididae). Laboratory Animals, 6, 213-224. • Trouessart, E. 1905. La faune des mammiferes de l'Algerie, du Maroc et de la Tunisie. Causeries Scientifiques de la Societe Zoologique de France, 1, 353-410. • Tulip, J. & Smith, D. 2009. Who lives in Kenya? Surrey, England: RoperPenberthy Publishing. • Uehara, S., Nishida, T., Hamai, M., Hasegawa, T., Hayaki, H., Huffman, M. A., Kawanaka, K., Kobayashi, S., Mitani, J. C., Takahata, Y., Takasaki, H. & Tsukahara, T. 1992. Characteristics of predation by the chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. In: Primatology, human origins (Ed. by Nishida, W. C., McGrew, W. C., Marler, P., Pickford, M. & de Waal, F. P. M.), pp. 143-158. Tokyo, Japan: University of Tokyo Press. • Unger, R. 1999. Verhalten, Aktivitat und Ernahrung von Kurzohr-Russelspringern, Macroscelides proboscideus, Smith 1829 (Macroscelididae) im Tiergarten Schonbrunn. pp. 98: Universitat Wien, Wien. • Unger, R. 2000. Anmerkungen sur handaufzucht von kurzohr-russelspringern, Macroscelides proboscideus (Shaw, 1800). Zeitschrift der Kolner Zoo, 43, 121-126. • Unger, R. & Kratochvil, H. 1999. Feeding preferences of short-eared elephant shrews (Macroscelides proboscideus, Smith 1829). Zoology, 102, 87. • Unger, R. & Schratter, D. 2000. Nahrungspraferenzen von Kurzohr-Russelspringern, Macroscelides proboscideus (Shaw, 1800) im Tiergarten Sonbrunn. Zoologische Garten, 70, 60-69. • Vakhrusheva, G. & Ilchenko, O. 2001. An approach to the hand-rearing of some small mammals in the Moscow Zoo. Mitteilungen der Bundesarbeitsgruppe Kleinsauger, 3. • Vakhrusheva, G., Ilchenko, O. & Vorobiova, T. 1997. Behaviour of captive elephant shrews during parturition. International Zoo News, 44, 218-220. • Vakhrusheva, G. & Kostenko, V. 2000. Reproductive behaviour of short-eared elephant shrews. Mitteilungen der Bundesarbeitsgruppe Kleinsauger, 2, 5-8. • Val, A., Carlson, K. J., Steininger, C., Kibii, J. M., Churms, C., Kuhn, B. F. & Berger, L. R. 2011. 3D techniques and fossil identification: An elephant shrew hemi-mandible from the Malapa site. South African Journal of Science, 107 #583, 5 pp. • Valen, L. v. 1965. Treeshrews, primates and fossils. Evolution, 19, 137-151. • Valen, L. v. 1967. New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 135, 218-284. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1942. Early stages in the embryonic development of Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 55-65. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1942. Some observations of the structure of the genital tract of Elephantulus. Journal of Morphology, 70, 403-429. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1943. The mechanism of egg transport from the ovary to the uterus in Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 8, 41-49. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1943. A remark on the systematics of the elephant shrews. South African Museums Association Bulletin, 3, 77-78. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1944. Further stages in the embryonic development of Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 29-54. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1944. Remarks on the systematics of Elephantulus. Journal of Mammalogy, 25, 77-82. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1945. The mammalian trophoblast as interpreted by the development of Elephantulus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 115, 14-18. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1946. Some remarks on the biology of reproduction in the female of Elephantulus, the holy animal of set. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 31, 181-199. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1947. A human-like embryo of Elephantulus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 117, 334-344. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1949. Some natural experiments in the embryological development of Elephantulus. Archives de Biologie, Paris, 60, 25-38. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1950. The effect of insemination on the uterine epithelium of Elephantulus. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 53, 1511-1514. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1950. The placentation of Elephantus. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 32, 435-629. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1951. A case of interstitial implantation in Elephantulus. South African Journal of Science, 47, 164-167. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1951. The post-partum involution of the uterus of Elephantulus. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 32, 11-29. • Van der Horst, C. J. 1954. Elephantulus going into anoestrus; menstruation and abortion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 238B, 27-61. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1940. Mechanism of ovulation and corpus luteum formation in Elephantulus. Nature (London), 145, 974. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1940. Ovulation and corpus luteum formation in Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 5, 73-91. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1941. Extreme polyovulation and the factors determining the survival of a single embryo in each uterine horn in Elephantulus. South African Journal of Science, 37, 249. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1941. The menstral cycle in Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 6, 27-46. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1941. The number of eggs and surviving embryos in Elephantulus. Anatomical Record, 80, 443-452. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1942. Acute inhibition of the corpus luteum excited by the onset of anoestrus in Elephantulus. Nature (London), 149, 329-330. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1942. A critical analysis of the early gravid and pre- menstrual phenomena in the uterus of Elephantulus, Macaca and the human female. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 134-143. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1942. The life history of the corpus luteum of menstruation in Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 21-41. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1942. Pre-implantation abortion in Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 120-126. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1942. Pre-implantation phenomena in the uterus of Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 47-71. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1942. The spontaneous development of deciduomata in Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 127-133. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1944. On abnormal blastulae in Elephantulus. Anatomical Record, 90, 101. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1945. The behavior of the Graafian follicle of Elephantulus during pregnancy with special reference to the normal regulation of ovarian activity. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 10, 1-14. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1946. The corpus luteum of Elephantulus during pregnancy; its form and its function. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 11, 87- 102. • Van der Horst, C. J. & Gillman, J. 1946. The reactions of the uterine blood vessels before, during and after pregnancy in Elephantulus. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 11, 103-111. • van der Merwe, I., Oosthuizen, M. K., Bennett, N. C. & Chimimba, C. T. 2012. Circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in captive eastern rock sengi. Journal of Zoology, 286, 250-257. • van Dijk, M. A. M., Madsen, O., Catzeflis, F., Stanhope, M. J., de Jong, W. W. & Pagel, M. 2001. Protein sequence signatures support the African clade of mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 98, 188-193. • van Tets, I. G. 1997. Extraction of nutrients from Protea pollen by African rodents. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 127, 59-65. • van Wyk, J. H. 1988. The diet of the rhombic skaapsteker, Psammophylax rhombeatus rhombeatusi (Serpentes: Colubridae). Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein, 5, 455-471. • Varty, N. 1990. Ecology of the small mammals in the riverine forests of the Jubba Valley, Southern Somalia. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 6, 179-189. • Vercammen-Grandjean, F. H. 1958. Revue des Schoengastia centrafricains et remaniements divers de cet important genre (Acarina-Trombiculidae). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 33, 619-670. • Vercammen-Grandjean, F. H. 1960. Trombiculidae larvaire de l'Afrique septentrional et centrale. Huit especes nouvelles et six sous-genres nouveaux (Acarina). Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 38, 50-69. • Vercammen-Grandjean, F. H. 1964. Ascoschoengastia annulata Lawrence 1949 est un veritable Schoutedenichia (Trombiculidae). Acarologia, 6, 111-113. • Vernon, C. J. 1972. An analysis of owl pellets collected in southern Africa. Ostrich, 43, 109-123. • Vesey-Fitzgerald, D. F. 1964. Mammals of the Rukwa Valley. Tanganyika Notes and Records, 62, 61-72. • Vesmanis, I. E. 1979. Einige bemerkungen uber Elephantulus rozeti deserti Thomas, 1901 von Tunesien. African Small Mammal Newsletter, 4, 1-7. • Vesmanis, I. E. 1985. Kleinsaugetiere aus Algerien (Mammalia: Macroscelidea, Chiroptera, Carnivora, Rodentia). Zoologische Abhandlungen des staatlichen Museums fuer Tierkunde (Dresden), 40, 125-152. • Voeltzkow, A. 1923. Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903-1905, mit Mitteln der Hermann und Elise geb. Hickmann Wentzel-Stiftung Ausgefuerhrt Wissenschaftliche Ergenbnisse, 1, 1. Abt. Reisebericht: Witu Inseln - Zanzibar Archipel. Suttugart: E. Schweizerbarth'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Erwin Naegele. • Waddell, P. J., Kishino, H. & Ota, R. 2001. A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics. Genome Informatics, 12, 141-154. • Waddell, P. J., Okada, N. & Hasegawa, M. 1999. Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals. Systematic Biology, 48, 1-5. • Walker, E. P. 1955. African elephant shrews. Nature Magazine, 48, 295-297, 332. • Walker, E. P. 1975. Mammals of the world. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. • Walsh, M. 1992. Elephant shrews and arrow poison. East African Natural History Society Bulletin, 22, 18-21. • Walter, K. 1960. Photo and caption of Elephantulus. Das Tier, Internationale Tierillustrierte, 14-15. • Wartman, J. L. 1920. On some hitherto unrecognized reptilian characters in the skull of the Insectivora and other mammals. Proceeding of the United States National Museum, 57, 1-52. • Waters, P. D., Dobigny, G., Pardini, A. T. & Robinson, T. J. 2004. LINE-1 distribution in Afrotheria and Xenarthra: implications for understanding the evolution of LINE-1 eutherian genomes. Chromosoma, 113, 137-144. • Waters, P. D., Ruiz-Herrera, A., Dobigny, G., Caldes, M. G. & Robinson, T. J. 2007. Sex chromosomes of basal placental mammals. Chromosoma, 116, 511-518. • Watson, J. M. 1951. The wild animals of Teso and Karamaja - IV. Uganda Journal, 15, 92-106. • Wegner, G., Howell, K. M., Davenport, T. R. B. & Burgess, N. 2009. The forgotten 'coastal forests' of Mtwara, Tanzania: a biologically impoverished and yet important ecosystem. Journal of East African Natural History, 98, 167-209. • Weigold, H. 1980. Korpertemperatur, Sauerstoffverbrauch und fakultativer Torpor bei der Elaphantenspitsmaus, Elephantulus rozeti (Duvernoy, 1833). Page 36 in Abstracts of the 54th meeting of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugeetierekunde, Tubingen, Germany, September 1980. • Wellington, D. A., Carlson, J. A., Smith, P. C., Wilson, S. R., Williams, M. J. & Booth, C. J. 2009. Disseminated mycobacteriosis in a giant elephant shrew (Rhynchocyon petersi). Journal of the American Association of Laboratory Animal Science, 48, 564. • Wenhold, B. A. 1985. Chromosomal evolution and phylogeny of the Macroscelididae (Insectivora: Mammalia). pp. 38: University of Pretoria. • Wenhold, B. A. & Robinson, T. J. 1987. Comparative karyology of three species of elephant-shrew (Insectivora: Macroscelididae). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 52, 1-9. • Werdelin, L. & Nilsonne, A. 1999. The evolution of the scrotum and testicular descent in mammals: a phylogenetic view. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 196, 61-72. • Wester, P. 2010. Sticky snack for sengis: the Cape rock elephant-shrew, Elephantulus edwardii (Macroscelidea), as a pollinator of the Pagoda lily, Whiteheadia bifolia (Hyacinthaceae). Naturwissenschaften, 97, 1107-1112. • Wester, P. 2011. Nectar feeding by the Cape rock elephant-shrew Elephantulus edwardii (Macroscelidea) - A primarily insectivorous mammal pollinates the parasite Hyobrnch atropurpurea (Orobanchaceae). Flora, 206, 997-1001. • Whidden, H. P. 2002. Extrinsic snout musculature in Afrotheria and Lipotyphla. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 9, 161-184. • Whitworth, T. 1954. The Miocene hyracoids of East Africa. British Museum (Natural History). Fossil Mammals of Africa, 7, 1-58. • Whitworth, T. 1958. Miocene ruminants of East Africa. British Museum (Natural History). Fossil Mammals of Africa, 15, 1-50. • Wible, J. R. 1987. The eutherian stapedial artery: character analysis and implications for superordinal relationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 91, 107-135. • Wible, J. R. & Covert, H. H. 1987. Primates: cladistic diagnosis and relationships. Journal of Human Evolution, 16, 1-22. • Wiedon, A. & Schradin, C. 2005. Elephant shrews in Goegap. Four-striped Mouse Times, 3, 25-26. • Wiens, D. & Rourke, J. P. 1978. Rodent pollination in southern African Protea spp. Nature (London), 276, 71-73. • Wiens, D., Rourke, J. P., Casper, B. B., Rickart, E. A., LaPine, T. R., Peterson, C. J. & Channing, A. 1983. Nonflying mammal pollination of southern African proteas: a non- coevolved system. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 70, 1-31. • Wilson, S. E. 1995. Bird and mammal checklists for ten National Parks in Uganda. Kampala, Uganda: Uganda National Parks. • Wilson, V. J. 1975. Mammals of the Wankie National Park, Rhodesia. Memoir of the National Museums of Rhodesia, 5, 1-147. • Wilson, V. J. 2001. Duikers of Africa - masters of the African forest floor. Zimbabwe: Chipangali Wildlife Trust. • Wistow, G. & Kim, H. 1991. Lens protein expression in mammals: taxon-specificity and the recruitment of crystallins. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 32, 262-269. • Withers, P. C. 1979. Ecology of a small mammal community on a rocky outcrop in the Namib Desert. Madoqua, 2, 229-246. • Withers, P. C. 1983. Seasonal reproduction by small mammals of the Namib Desert. Mammalia, 47, 195-204. • Wohrmann-Repenning, A. 1987. Zur Anatomie des Vomeronasalkomplexes von Elephantulus rozeti (Duvernoy, 1830) (Insectivora, Mammalia). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 218, 1-8. • Wood, W. F., Shepherd, J., Chong, B. & Meinwald, J. 1975. Ubiquinone-O in defensive spray of African millipede. Nature (London), 253, 625-626. • Woodall, P. F. 1987. Digestive tract dimensions and body mass of elephant shrews (Macroscelididae) and the effects of season and habitat. Mammalia, 51, 537-545. • Woodall, P. F. 1991. An ultrastructural study of the spermatozoa of elephant shrews (Mammalia: Macroscelidea) and its phylogenetic implications. Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology, 23, 47-58. • Woodall, P. F. 1995. The male reproductive system and the phylogeny of elephant- shrews (Macroscelidea). Mammal Review, 25, 87-93. • Woodall, P. F. 1995. The penis of elephant shrews (Mammalia: Macroscelididae). Journal of Zoology, London, 237, 399-410. • Woodall, P. F. & Currie, G. J. 1989. Food consumption, assimilation and rate of food passage in the Cape Rock Elephant Shrew, Elephantulus edwardii (Macroscelidea, Macroscelidinae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 92A, 75-79. • Woodall, P. F. & FitzGibbon, C. 1995. Ultrastructure of spermatozoa of the yellow- rumped elephant shrew Rhynchocyon chrysopygus (Mammalia: Macroscelidea) and the phylogeny of elephant shrews. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 76, 19-23. • Woodall, P. F. & Mackie, R. I. 1987. Caecal size and function in the rock elephant shrew Elephantulus myurus (Insectivora, Macroscelididae) and the Namaqua rock mouse Aethomys namaquensis (Rodentia, Muridae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 87A, 311-314. • Woodall, P. F. & Skinner, J. D. 1989. Seasonality of reproduction in male rock elephant shrews, Elephantulus myurus. Journal of Zoology, London, 217, 203-212. • Woodall, P. F., Woodall, L. B. & Bodero, D. A. V. 1989. Daily activity patterns in captive elephant shrews (Macroscelididae). African Journal of Ecology, 27, 63-76. • Workeneh, S., Bekele, A. & Balakrishnan, M. 2011. Species diversity and abundance of small mammals in Nechisar National Park, Ethiopia. African Journal of Ecology, 50, 102-108. • Wright, M. K. 1945. The cell masses in the forebrain of the elephant shrew. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 10, 19-49. • Wright, M. K. 1945. The cell masses in the forebrain of the elephant shrew. South African Journal of Science, 41, 328. • Wroot, A. 1984. Insectivores. In: The encyclopaedia of mammals (Ed. by MacDonald, D.), pp. 738-743. New York: Facts on File. • Wroughton, R. C. 1907. On a collection of mammals made by Mr. S. A. Neave in Rhodesia, north of the Zambesi, with field notes by the collector. Memoirs and Proceedings. Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 51, 1-39. • Wroughton, R. C. 1908. A list of mammals collected by Mr. C.F.M. Swynnerton in Northern Gazaland (Portugues East Africa) and the Melsetter District of Rhodesia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 303-307. • Wyss, A. R., Novacek, M. J. & McKenna, M. C. 1987. Amino acid sequence versus morphological data and the interordinal relationships of mammals. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4, 99-116. • Yalden, M., Largen, J. & Kock, D. 1976. Cataloque of the mammals of Ethiopia. 2. Insectivora and Rodentia. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 8, 1-118. • Yang, F., Alkalaeva, E. Z., Perelman, P. L., Pardini, A. T., Harrison, W. R., O'Brian, P. C. M., Fu, B., Graphodatsky, A. S., Ferguson-Smith, M. A. & Robinson, T. J. 2003. Reciprocal chromosome painting among human, aardvark, and elephant (superorder Afrotheria) reveals the likely eutherian ancestral karyotype. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 100, 1062-1066. • Yarnell, R. W., Metcalfe, D. J., Dunstone, N., Burnside, N. & Scott, D. M. 2008. The impact of fire on habitat use by the short-snouted elephant shrew (Elephantulus brachyrhynchus) in North West Province, South Africa. African Zoology, 43, 45-52. • Yarnell, R. W. & Scott, D. M. 2006. Notes on the ecology of the short-snouted sengi (Elephantulus brachyrhynchus) at a game ranch in North-west Province, South Africa. Afrotherian Conservation - Newsletter of the IUCN-SSC Afrotheria Specialist Group, 4, 2-4. • Yarnell, R. W., Scott, D. M., Chimimba, C. T. & Metcalfe, D. J. 2007. Untangling the roles of fire, grazing and rainfall on small mammal communities in grassland ecosystems. Oecologia, 154, 387-402. • Yates, T. L. 1984. Insectivores, elephant shrews, tree shrews, and dermopterans. In: Orders and families of recent mammals of the world (Ed. by Anderson, S. & Jones, J. J. J.), pp. 117-144. New York, NY: Joyn Wiley and Sons. • Yurek, E., Perun, D. & Wriston, J. C. J. 1983. On the distribution of plasma L- asparaginase. Experientia, 39, 383-385. • Zack, P. S., Penkrot, T. A., Bloch, J. I. & Rose, K. D. 2005. Affinities of 'hyopsodontids' to elephant shrews and a Holarctic origin of Afrotheria. Nature (London), 434, 497-501. • Zaime, A. K. & Pascal, M. 1989. Etude de la repartition spatiale des micromammiferes d'une zone pastorale en milieu saharien (Guelmime, Maroc). Mammalia, 53, 67-75. • Zumpt, F. 1961. The arthropod parasites of vertebrates in Africa, south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Region). Volume I (). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 11, 1-457. • Zumpt, F. 1966. The arthropod parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara. Volume III (Insecta excl. Phthiraptera). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 13, 1-283. •