Nicolet TGA Vapor Phase
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Nomination Background: Methylal (CASRN: 109-87-5)
SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION METHYLAL CAS NO. 109-87-5 BASIS OF NOMINATION TO THE CSWG The nomination of methylal to the CSWG is based on high production volume and exposure potential. Dr. Elizabeth Weisburger, a member of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) TLV Committee as well as the Chemical Selection Working Group (CSWG), provided a list of 281 chemical substances with ACGIH recommended TLVs for which there were no long term studies cited in the supporting data and no designations with respect to carcinogenicity. She presented the list to the Chemical Selection Planning Group (CSPG) for evaluation as chemicals which may warrant chronic testing: it was affirmed at the CSPG meeting held on August 9, 1994, that the 281 "TLV Chemicals" be reviewed as a Class Study. As a result of the class study review, methylal is presented as a candidate for testing by the National Toxicology Program because of: • potential for occupational exposures based on high production volume (1.2-64 million lbs) and estimate of worker exposure • evidence of occupational exposures based on TLV and other literature documentation • potential for general population exposures based on use as a solvent in consumer products and occurrence in environmental media • suspicion of carcinogenicity based on potential for metabolic release of formaldehyde and positive mutagenicity data • lack of chronic toxicity data. SELECTION STATUS ACTION BY CSWG : 9/25/96 Studies requested : - Carcinogenicity Priority : Moderate to High Rationale/Remarks : - Potential for human exposure - Inhalation route recommended for testing - Consider transgenic mouse model (p53 or TGAC) INPUT FROM GOVERNMENT AGENCIES/INDUSTRY Dr. -
Aldehydes and Ketones
12 Aldehydes and Ketones Ethanol from alcoholic beverages is first metabolized to acetaldehyde before being broken down further in the body. The reactivity of the carbonyl group of acetaldehyde allows it to bind to proteins in the body, the products of which lead to tissue damage and organ disease. Inset: A model of acetaldehyde. (Novastock/ Stock Connection/Glow Images) KEY QUESTIONS 12.1 What Are Aldehydes and Ketones? 12.8 What Is Keto–Enol Tautomerism? 12.2 How Are Aldehydes and Ketones Named? 12.9 How Are Aldehydes and Ketones Oxidized? 12.3 What Are the Physical Properties of Aldehydes 12.10 How Are Aldehydes and Ketones Reduced? and Ketones? 12.4 What Is the Most Common Reaction Theme of HOW TO Aldehydes and Ketones? 12.1 How to Predict the Product of a Grignard Reaction 12.5 What Are Grignard Reagents, and How Do They 12.2 How to Determine the Reactants Used to React with Aldehydes and Ketones? Synthesize a Hemiacetal or Acetal 12.6 What Are Hemiacetals and Acetals? 12.7 How Do Aldehydes and Ketones React with CHEMICAL CONNECTIONS Ammonia and Amines? 12A A Green Synthesis of Adipic Acid IN THIS AND several of the following chapters, we study the physical and chemical properties of compounds containing the carbonyl group, C O. Because this group is the functional group of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids and their derivatives, it is one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry and in the chemistry of biological systems. The chemical properties of the carbonyl group are straightforward, and an understanding of its characteristic reaction themes leads very quickly to an understanding of a wide variety of organic reactions. -
Design for the Environment Toolkit: a Competitive Edge for the Future
Design for the Environment A Competitive Edge for the Future Toolkit Design for Environment Toolkit(DfE) Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance Minnesota Technical Assistance Program (MnTAP) Table of Contents vAbout the Authors...2 vAcknowledgments...3 vPreface...4 vPart One: Introduction to Design for the Environment (DfE)...6 What is DfE?...6 Why DfE?...10 Success in DfE...12 Implementing DfE...13 vPart Two: DfE Matrices and Questions...17 Explanation of the DfE Matrix System..17 Figure: Product DfE Matrix...18 Instructions For Using the DfE Matrix...19 Interpretation of Results...28 Matrix Questions...20 Definitions...30 vPart Three: Reference Information...32 Index of Hazardous Chemical Pollutants (alphabetical listing)...32 Plastics Environmental Risk Information...57 Figure: Recycling Rates and Commodity Price Information....58 Index of Climate Altering Chemicals...59 Polymers....61 Degradable Polymers - Vendor List...62 Part/Materials Suppliers Environmental Survey...65 Additional Resources...66 Works Cited....68 Summary of References...69 Other Vendor Lists Checklist of Printed Resources for Minnesota Businesses Outlets for Industrial Scrap Pallets Alternative Solvent Degreasers Manufacturers of Aqueous Cleaning Equipment Aqueous and Semi-Aqueous Cleaners for Metal Part Degreasing Safer Stripping and Cleaning Chemicals for Coatings and Polymers Page 1 About the Authors Jeremy M. Yarwood - Research Specialist, Minnesota Technical Assistance Program (MnTAP) Mr. Yarwood has previously worked with MnTAP advising Minnesota companies in developing environmentally responsible processes. He received his B.S. Civil (Environmental) Engineering summa cum laude from the University of Minnesota. Mr. Yarwood is currently a graduate fellow in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Minnesota and plans to obtain a M.S. -
Survey, Emission and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemic…
Survey of chemical compounds in consumer products Survey no. 36 – 2003 Survey, emission and evaluation of volatile organic chemicals in printed matter Ole Christian Hansen and Torben Eggert Danish Technological Institute 2 Contents PREFACE 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 7 ABBREVIATIONS 11 1 INTRODUCTION 13 2 PRINTED MATTER 15 2.1 CONSUMPTION 15 2.2 NUMBER OF ENTERPRISES 16 2.3 PRINTING 16 2.3.1 Printing techniques 16 2.4 PAPER 17 2.5 PRINTING INKS 17 2.5.1 Solvents 18 2.5.2 Binders 19 2.5.3 Wetting agent 19 2.5.4 UV-curing inks 19 2.6 EMISSIONS DURING PRINTING 20 2.7 PRINTED MATTER IN THE HOUSEHOLD 20 2.8 DISPOSAL 21 2.9 RECYCLING 22 3 EXPOSURE 23 3.1 EMISSION MEASURING METHODS 23 3.1.1 Sampling and analyses 23 3.1.2 Screening of volatiles 23 3.1.3 Quantitative measurements 24 3.1.4 Results 25 4 EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EVALUATION 33 4.1 EXPOSURE SCENARIOS 34 4.1.1 Method 34 4.1.2 Scenarios 34 4.2 ASSESSMENT METHOD 35 4.2.1 Assessment method 35 4.2.2 Procedure for assessments 37 5 EVALUATION OF INDIVIDUAL COMPOUNDS 39 5.1 ALDEHYDES 39 5.1.1 Propanal 39 5.1.2 Pentanal 41 5.1.3 Hexanal 42 5.1.4 Heptanal 43 5.2 ALCOHOLS 44 5.2.1 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol 45 5.3 KETONES 46 5.3.1 Heptanone 46 3 5.4 ESTERS 48 5.4.1 Propanoic acid, butylester 48 5.5 FURAN 49 5.5.1 2-Pentylfuran 49 5.6 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 50 5.6.1 Toluene 50 5.6.2 Xylenes 53 5.6.3 Ethylbenzene 56 5.7 TERPENES 58 5.7.1 alpha-Pinene 58 5.7.2 Camphene 60 5.7.3 Limonene 61 5.7.4 Tetramethyl methenoazulene 63 5.8 ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS 64 6 EVALUATION OF PRINTED MATTER 68 6.1 HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED PRINTED MATTER 68 6.1.1 Printed matter no. -
Amino Acid Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions: a Bioorganic Approach to Catalytic Asymmetric Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions
5260 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5260-5267 Amino Acid Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions: A Bioorganic Approach to Catalytic Asymmetric Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions Kandasamy Sakthivel, Wolfgang Notz, Tommy Bui, and Carlos F. Barbas III* Contribution from The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 ReceiVed January 3, 2001 Abstract: Direct asymmetric catalytic aldol reactions have been successfully performed using aldehydes and unmodified ketones together with commercially available chiral cyclic secondary amines as catalysts. Structure- based catalyst screening identified L-proline and 5,5-dimethyl thiazolidinium-4-carboxylate (DMTC) as the most powerful amino acid catalysts for the reaction of both acyclic and cyclic ketones as aldol donors with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to afford the corresponding aldol products with high regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. Reactions employing hydroxyacetone as an aldol donor provide anti-1,2-diols as the major product with ee values up to >99%. The reactions are assumed to proceed via a metal-free Zimmerman- Traxler-type transition state and involve an enamine intermediate. The observed stereochemistry of the products is in accordance with the proposed transition state. Further supporting evidence is provided by the lack of nonlinear effects. The reactions tolerate a small amount of water (<4 vol %), do not require inert reaction conditions and preformed enolate equivalents, and can be conveniently performed at room temperature in various solvents. In addition, reaction conditions that facilitate catalyst recovery as well as immobilization are described. Finally, mechanistically related addition reactions such as ketone additions to imines (Mannich- type reactions) and to nitro-olefins and R,â-unsaturated diesters (Michael-type reactions) have also been developed. -
SILP Catalysis in Gas-Phase Hydroformylation and Carbonylation A
DGMK/SCI-Conference ..Synthesis Gas Chemistry", October 4-6, 2006, Dresden, Germany SILP Catalysis in Gas-Phase Hydroformylation and Carbonylation A. Riisager*, R. Fehrmann*, M. Haumann**, P. Wasserscheid** * Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, B 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, ** Lehrstuhl furChemische Reaktionstechnik, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058, Germany Abstract Supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysts are new materials consisting of an ionic liquid- metal catalyst solution highly dispersed on a porous support. The use of a non-volatile, ionic liquid catalyst phase in SILP catalysts results in a stable heterogeneous-type material with selectivity and efficiency like homogeneous catalysts. The silica-supported SILP Rh- bisphosphine hydroformylation catalyst exhibited good activities and excellent selectivities in gas phase hydroformylation with stability exceeding 700 hours time-on-stream. Spectroscopic and kinetic data confirmed the homogeneous nature of the catalyst. In the Rh- SILP catalysed carbonylation of methanol the formation of undesired by-products could be suppressed by variation of residence time and gas pressure. Introduction The immobilisation of homogeneous catalysts by ionic liquids has been studied extensively in the last decade. The ionic nature, very low volatility and thermal stability of ionic liquids make them highly suitable for biphasic ionic liquid-organic liquid transition metal catalysis.[1] The almost unlimited combinations of cation and anion allow -
Rearrangement of Allylic Alcohols Herbert Barbehenn
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses Thesis/Dissertation Collections 1-1-1971 Rearrangement of allylic alcohols Herbert Barbehenn Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Barbehenn, Herbert, "Rearrangement of allylic alcohols" (1971). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Thesis/Dissertation Collections at RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REARRANGEMENT OF ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS HERBERT S. BARBEHENN JANUARY, 1971 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE APPROVED: Dr. Jerry Adduci Project Adviser Department Head Library Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, New York To Rath, my wife - - - for the many lonely nights, for the many unfinished chores and for being herself. Acknowledgements Grateful appreciation is tendered to the many faculty members with whom it has been my pleasure to be associated with during the past eleven years at Rochester Institute of Technology. Special thanks are expressed to Dr. Jerry Adduci for his guidance and patience in seeing this endeavor to its conclusion. While it may have taken a little longer than the norm, much of the credit for this thesis must be ascribed to his dedication to complete and conclusive research. I also wish to thank Dr. Earl Krakower for the many nuclear magnetic resonance spectra he so graciously completed in the course of elucidating the many structures formed and to Dr. -
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University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/53126 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. Synthesis and application of thiourea-S,S-dioxide derivatives by James Frederick Shuan-Liang Apps A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry University of Warwick Department of Chemistry February 2008 To my parents ii Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 1 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Preface .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Oxidation of sulfur compounds ..................................................................................... 7 1.3 Thiourea oxides in biological systems ........................................................................ 10 1.4 Structure, -
Hazardous Substances (Chemicals) Transfer Notice 2006
16551655 OF THURSDAY, 22 JUNE 2006 WELLINGTON: WEDNESDAY, 28 JUNE 2006 — ISSUE NO. 72 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (CHEMICALS) TRANSFER NOTICE 2006 PURSUANT TO THE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND NEW ORGANISMS ACT 1996 1656 NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE, No. 72 28 JUNE 2006 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 Hazardous Substances (Chemicals) Transfer Notice 2006 Pursuant to section 160A of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 (in this notice referred to as the Act), the Environmental Risk Management Authority gives the following notice. Contents 1 Title 2 Commencement 3 Interpretation 4 Deemed assessment and approval 5 Deemed hazard classification 6 Application of controls and changes to controls 7 Other obligations and restrictions 8 Exposure limits Schedule 1 List of substances to be transferred Schedule 2 Changes to controls Schedule 3 New controls Schedule 4 Transitional controls ______________________________ 1 Title This notice is the Hazardous Substances (Chemicals) Transfer Notice 2006. 2 Commencement This notice comes into force on 1 July 2006. 3 Interpretation In this notice, unless the context otherwise requires,— (a) words and phrases have the meanings given to them in the Act and in regulations made under the Act; and (b) the following words and phrases have the following meanings: 28 JUNE 2006 NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE, No. 72 1657 manufacture has the meaning given to it in the Act, and for the avoidance of doubt includes formulation of other hazardous substances pesticide includes but -
P880-183197 Ii I 11\11111 Ii Iii Ii 11111 1111111 1111111
EPA-560/ll-80-005 P880-183197 II I 11\11111 II III II 11111 1111111 1111111 INVESTIGATION OF SELECTED POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS: EPOXIDES Dennis A. Bogyo Sheldon S. Lande William M. Meylan Philip H. Howard Joseph Santodonato March 1980 FINAL REPORT Contract No. 68-01-3920 SRC No. L1342-05 Project Officer - Frank J. Letkiewicz Prepared for: Office of Toxic Substances U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C. 20460 Document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151 REPRODUCED BY CE U S DEPARTMENT OF COMMER ., NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161 TECHNICAL REPORT DATA (Please read illWtictiollS on the reverse before completing) I REPORT NO. 2 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIO~NO. EPA-560/ll-80-005 1 . ~~~~ llf03:;n~? -l. TITLE AND SUBTITLE S. REPORT DATE Investigation of Selected Potential March 1980 Environmental Contaminants: Epoxides 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 7 AuTHORiS) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO Dennis A. Bogyo, Sheldon S. Lande, William M. Meylan, TR 80;...535 Philip H. Howard, Joseph Santodonato 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment Syracuse Research Corporation 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO. Merrill Lane EPA 68-01-3920 Syracuse, New York 13210 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED Final Technical Report - Office of· Toxic Substances 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C. 20460 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 16. ABSTRACT This report reviews the potential environmental and health hazards associated with the commercial use of selected epoxide compounds. -
X-ADH Is the Sole Alcohol Dehydrogenase Isozyme of Mammalian Brains: Implications and Inferences (Class III Alcohol Dehydrogenase/Tissue-Specific Enzyme) THOMAS B
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 82, pp. 8369-8373, December 1985 Biochemistry X-ADH is the sole alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme of mammalian brains: Implications and inferences (class III alcohol dehydrogenase/tissue-specific enzyme) THOMAS B. BEISSWENGER, BARTON HOLMQUIST, AND BERT L. VALLEE* Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 Contributed by Bert L. Vallee, August 14, 1985 ABSTRACT Class m (X) is the only alcohol dehydrog- occurrence and function of ADH in that tissue has always enase (ADH) in human, equine, bovine, simian, canine, and been of particular interest, but efforts to uncover facts rodent brain and is the first to be identified, purified, and relevant to ethanol have been singularly disappointing. Most characterized from the brain of humans or other vertebrates. of those studies antedate the awareness of the remarkable Like the corresponding isozymes from human placenta and number and diversity of structure and specificity of ADH liver, the X-ADH isozymes purified from mammalian brain are isozymes (4), first noted much earlier (5). neither inhibited by nor do they bind to immobilized pyrazole, Experimental work failed to reveal any significant ADH and they oxidize ethanol only very poorly (Km > 2.5 M). activity in brain (6). The level ofethanol oxidation in rat brain Indeed, it would be incorrect to classify them as "ethanol is so vanishingly low that only assays of exceptionally high dehydrogenases." They contain 4 g.atom of zinc/mol, bind 2 sensitivity could detect it (7). A number of contemporaneous moles of NAD, and readily oxidize long-chain aliphatic and studies employing [14C]ethanol concluded that the perfused aromatic primary alcohols. -
Chemical Compatibility Storage Codes1
CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY STORAGE CODES1 Storage Group A: Compatible Organic Bases Identifier Name 100‐46‐9 Benzylamine 100‐85‐6 Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide 108‐91‐8 Cyclohexylamine 111‐42‐2 Diethanolamine 109‐89‐7 Diethylamine 75‐04‐7 Ethylamine 107‐15‐3 Ethylenediamine 110‐89‐4 Piperidine 102‐71‐6 Triethanolamine 121‐44‐8 Triethylamine Storage Group B: Compatible Pyrophoric And Water Reactive Materials Identifier Name 7783‐70‐2 Antimony pentafluoride 98‐88‐4 Benzoyl chloride 353‐42‐4 Boron triflouride compound with methyl ether (1:1) 594‐19‐4 Tert‐Butyllithium 156‐62‐7 Calcium cyanamide 16853‐85‐3 Lithium aluminum hydride 4111‐54‐0 Lithium diisopropylamide 7580‐67‐8 Lithium hydride 7439‐93‐2 Lithium metal (e.g., in THF) 124‐63‐0 Methanesulfonyl chloride 917‐54‐4 Methyllithium solution (and other alkyls) 7440‐09‐7 Potassium metal 17242‐52‐3 Potassium amide 16940‐66‐2 Sodium borohydride 7646‐69‐7 Sodium hydride 7440‐66‐6 Zinc (fume or dust) Storage Group C: Compatible Inorganic Bases Identifier Name 1336‐21‐6 Ammonium hydroxide 17194‐00‐2 Barium hydroxide 1305‐62‐0 Calcium hydroxide 21351‐79‐1 Cesium hydroxide 1310‐65‐2 Lithium hydroxide 1 Adapted from Stanford University’s ChemTracker Storage System. Used with permission from Lawrence M. Gibbs, Stanford University. 1310‐58‐3 Potassium hydroxide 1310‐82‐3 Rubidium hydroxide 1310‐73‐2 Sodium hydroxide 18480‐07‐4 Strontium hydroxide Storage Group D: Compatible Organic Acids Identifier Name 64‐19‐7 Acetic acid 79‐10‐7 Acrylic acid 65‐85‐0 Benzoic acid 98‐07‐7 Benzotrichloride 98‐88‐4