Biljke Mesožderke Carnivorous Plants
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Carnivorous Plant Newsletter V42 N3 September 2013
Technical Refereed Contribution Phylogeny and biogeography of the Sarraceniaceae JOHN BRITTNACHER • Ashland, Oregon • USA • [email protected] Keywords: History: Sarraceniaceae evolution The carnivorous plant family Sarraceniaceae in the order Ericales consists of three genera: Dar- lingtonia, Heliamphora, and Sarracenia. Darlingtonia is represented by one species that is found in northern California and western Oregon. The genus Heliamphora currently has 23 recognized species all of which are native to the Guiana Highlands primarily in Venezuela with some spillover across the borders into Brazil and Guyana. Sarracenia has 15 species and subspecies, all but one of which are located in the southeastern USA. The range of Sarracenia purpurea extends into the northern USA and Canada. Closely related families in the plant order Ericales include the Roridu- laceae consisting of two sticky-leaved carnivorous plant species, Actinidiaceae, the Chinese goose- berry family, Cyrillaceae, which includes the common wetland plant Cyrilla racemiflora, and the family Clethraceae, which also has wetland plants including Clethra alnifolia. The rather charismatic plants of the Sarraceniaceae have drawn attention since the mid 19th century from botanists trying to understand how they came into being, how the genera are related to each other, and how they came to have such disjunct distributions. Before the advent of DNA sequencing it was very difficult to determine their relationships. Macfarlane (1889, 1893) proposed a phylogeny of the Sarraceniaceae based on his judgment of the overlap in features of the adult pitchers and his assumption that Nepenthes is a member of the family (Fig. 1a). He based his phy- logeny on the idea that the pitchers are produced from the fusion of two to five leaflets. -
Redalyc.Overcoming DNA Extraction Problems from Carnivorous Plants
Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas España Fleischmann, Andreas; Heubl, Günther Overcoming DNA extraction problems from carnivorous plants Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, vol. 66, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2009, pp. 209-215 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55612913003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 66(2): 209-215 julio-diciembre 2009 ISSN: 0211-1322 doi: 10.3989/ajbm.2198 Overcoming DNA extraction problems from carnivorous plants by Andreas Fleischmann & Günther Heubl LMU Munich, Systematic Botany and Mycology, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany [email protected] Abstract Resumen Fleischmann, A. & Heubl, G. 2009. Overcoming DNA extraction Fleischmann, A. & Heubl, G. 2009. Superando problemas de ex- problems from carnivorous plants. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid tracción de ADN de plantas carnívoras. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 66(2): 209-215. 66(2): 209-215 (en inglés). We tested previously published protocols for DNA isolation from Probamos algunos protocolos publicados previamente para el plants with high contents of polyphenols and polysaccharides aislamiento del ADN de plantas con alto contenido de polifeno- for several taxa of carnivorous plants. However, we did not get les y polisacáridos para varios táxones de plantas carnívoras. Sin satisfying results with fresh or silica dried leaf tissue obtained embargo, no conseguimos muy buenos resultados ni con tejidos from field collected or greenhouse grown plants, nor from de hojas frescas, ni con tejidos de hojas secadas en gel de sílice herbarium specimens. -
The Giant Extra-Floral Nectaries of Carnivorous Heliamphora Folliculata: Architecture and Ultrastructure
ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 49/2: 91–104, 2007 THE GIANT EXTRA-FLORAL NECTARIES OF CARNIVOROUS HELIAMPHORA FOLLICULATA: ARCHITECTURE AND ULTRASTRUCTURE BARTOSZ J. PŁACHNO1*, PIOTR ŚWIĄTEK2, AND ANDREAS WISTUBA3 1Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Grodzka 52, 31–044 Cracow, Poland, 2Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, ul. Bankowa 9, 40–007 Katowice, Poland 3Maudauer Ring 227, 68259 Mannheim, Germany Received September 15, 2007; revision accepted December 7, 2007 Extra-floral nectaries commonly occur in carnivorous plants, forming pitfall traps to attract nectar-feeding insects. Although they are not connected with pollination, extra-floral nectaries promote the reproductive func- tions of carnivorous plants by increasing the supply of animal-sourced nutrients and thereby increasing the plant's vigor. Our main purpose here was to study the functional ultrastructure of the giant nectaries in Heliamphora, focusing on nectar production and secretion. We wanted to determine whether specialization of the shape and struc- ture of Heliamphora nectar spoons has an influence on nectary structure. Heliamphora folliculata, with its unique nectar storage chamber, may also have specialized giant nectaries differing from other species in the genus. In Heliamphora folliculata the largest nectaries occur in a nectar storage chamber. Regardless of their size, the nec- taries have similar ultrastructure. Key features of their cells are ER-sheathed leucoplasts and vacuoles with large osmiophilic phenolic inclusions. The former is characteristic for cells producing monoterpenes; indeed, the giant nectaries produce volatile compounds and may have a function similar to osmophores. Nectary cells are isolated from ordinary parenchyma cells by cutinized walls lacking plasmodesmata (endodermis). -
A Sample Article Title
Phylogeny And Biogeography of the Carnivorous Plant Family Sarraceniaceae The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Ellison, Aaron M., Elena D. Butler, Emily Jean Hicks, Robert F. C. Naczi, Patrick J. Calie, Charles D. Bell, and Charles C. Davis. 2012. Phylogeny and biogeography of the carnivorous plant family Sarraceniaceae. PLoS ONE 7(6): e39291. Published Version doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039291 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9637949 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP 1 Phylogeny and biogeography of the carnivorous plant family 2 Sarraceniaceae 3 4 Aaron M. Ellison1*, Elena D. Butler2, Emily Jean Hicks3,4, Robert F. C. Naczi5, 5 Patrick J. Calie3, Charles D. Bell6, Charles C. Davis2* 6 7 1Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, Massachusetts, United States of America, 8 2Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Massachusetts, United States of 9 America, 3Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky, United 10 States of America, 4Regulatory Services, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United 11 States of America, 5The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, United States of 12 America, 6University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America 13 14 *Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected] 15 16 Abstract 17 The carnivorous plant family Sarraceniaceae comprises three genera of wetland- 18 inhabiting pitcher plants: Darlingtonia in the northwestern United States, Sarracenia in eastern 19 North America, and Heliamphora in northern South America. -
Mesojedne Biljke
Mesojedne biljke Mišerić, Ivana Undergraduate thesis / Završni rad 2014 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:355895 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-05 Repository / Repozitorij: Repository of Faculty of Science - University of Zagreb SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU PRIRODOSLOVNO–MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK MESOJEDNE BILJKE CARNIVOROUS PLANTS SEMINARSKI RAD Ivana Mišerić Preddiplomski studij biologije Undergraduate Study of Biology Mentor: prof. dr. sc. Branka Pevalek–Kozlina Zagreb, 2014. SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD ................................................................................................................................. 3 2. STUPICE ............................................................................................................................ 4 2.1. PASIVNE .................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1. VRČASTE STUPICE ....................................................................................... 4 2.1.2. STUPICE NALIK NA VRŠU ZA JASTOGE ................................................. 9 2.1.3. LJEPLJIVE STUPICE ..................................................................................... 10 2.2. AKTIVNE ................................................................................................................. -
NECTARIVOROUS BIRDS and THEIR RESOURCES in the ANDES Enero - Julio 2019 ______
Ecología Aplicada, 18(1), 2019 Presentado: 07/03/2018 ISSN 1726-2216 Versión impresa / ISSN 1993-9507 Versión electrónica. Aceptado: 13/02/2019 Depósito legal 2002-5474 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/rea.v18i1.1302 © Departamento Académico de Biología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima – Perú. ASSEMBLAGE OF NECTARIVOROUS BIRDS AND THEIR FLORAL RESOURCES IN AN ELFIN FOREST OF THE CENTRAL ANDES OF PERU ENSAMBLE DE AVES NECTARÍVORAS Y SUS RECURSOS FLORALES EN UN BOSQUE ACHAPARRADO DE LOS ANDES CENTRALES PERUANOS Oscar Gonzalez1, Camilo Díaz2 and Bernie Britto3 Abstract Nectarivorous birds (hummingbirds, flowerpiercers, and conebills) and their floral resources in an elfin forest of the central Andes of Peru (Unchog, Carpish Mountains) are described. This forest is well-known for its concentration of endemic species, mainly birds. We recorded the nectarivorous birds, vascular plants and the interactions among them between 2011-2014. The birds were recorded by direct observations and mist nets. Plants were evaluated with Gentry plots and occasional collection. A total of 26 nectarivorous bird species have been reported in this forest, however from our observations we detected from this assemblage 17 bird species that feed in plants’ nectar. A total of 27 plant species were visited by the birds. The nectarivorous birds were hummingbirds (Trochilidae, 12 species), flowerpiercers (Thraupidae, 4 species) and a conebill (Thraupidae: 1 specie). The plants were from 16 families and 14 orders. One species of hummingbird, Metallura theresiae, is endemic to Peru. On plants, Greigia macbrideana, Puya pseudoeryngioides, Centropogon isabellinus, Miconia alpina and Brachyotum lutescens are endemic to Peru. We comment on the species reported in previous expeditions and in the current checklists. -
Trifid 2-2008
Vážení členové Darwiniany, OBSAH : měsíc červen je ve své půli a my v redakci finišujeme s vydáním LÁČKOVKY V IN VITRO KUL - letošního druhého čísla Trifida. Ten finiš jako vždy nepostrádá své drama. Čeká se na snímky ve vhodnějším rozlišení ke článku Stewa TUŘE .................................. 3 McPhersona o zapomenuté heliamfoře H. macdonaldae (viz o tom více v čísle). Pokud je autor nestihne dodat, musíme nějak impro- OKÉNKO A. LOWRIEHO : TAXONO - vizovat. Urguji poslední přispěvatele, aby dodali své slíbené počiny. MICKÁ REVIZE ROSNATEK ZE SEKCE Komunikace mezi mnou, Honzou Frantou, který v redakci zastává roli STOLONIFERA , ČÁST I .............. 6 hlavního sazeče a grafického redaktora, a Patrikem Hudcem, který spolu s Katkou Královou provádí korektury zaslaných materiálů, AUSTRALSKÝ DENÍK MIRKA probíhá naplno. Máme pohromadě všechny podstatné události, ZACPALA – DROSERA BINATA které v trifidím mezidobí proběhly? Vylíčení průběhu valné hromady v liberecké BZ, výstava V. Sedláčka v brněnské BZ, něco málo NA SKALÁCH ...................... 14 k Vymezení „D“ vůči „CCPS“, které bylo nedávno vystaveno na našich webovkách v české i anglické verzi, určitě by bylo dobré zmínit, jak HELIKONIE – ROSTLINY probíhají přípravy k návštěvě EEE pořádané letos v Itálii… a pomalu, S PŘÍBĚHY ......................... 15 abychom zvolna zvali k „Podzimce“, jak jsem si pro sebe důvěřivě označil tradiční darwininanovskou výstavu MR a JBK v BZ Na Slupi. HOUBOVÉ A BAKTERIÁLNÍ CHO - Zdá se, že hlavní příspěvky jsou už do chystaného čísla pevně ROBY ROSTLIN – FYTOTOXICITA zasazeny: Martina Spousty o pěstitelsky prakticky neznámém FUNGICIDNÍCH PŘÍPRAVKŮ ..... 16 a unikátním druhu terestrické bublinatky U. delphinioides včetně jedinečných průvodních snímků, Michala Kouby z jeho kuchyně INTERINFO ......................... 24 explantátových kultur a Adama Veleby z Třeboňska. -
Energetics and the Evolution of Carnivorous Plants—Darwin’S ‘Most Wonderful Plants in the World’
Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 19–42, 2009 doi:10.1093/jxb/ern179 DARWIN REVIEW Energetics and the evolution of carnivorous plants—Darwin’s ‘most wonderful plants in the world’ Aaron M. Ellison1,* and Nicholas J. Gotelli2 1 Harvard Forest, Harvard University, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, MA 01366, USA 2 Department of Biology, University of Vermont, 120 Marsh Life Sciences Building, Burlington, VT 05405, USA Received 6 May 2008; Revised 5 June 2008; Accepted 16 June 2008 Abstract Carnivory has evolved independently at least six times in five angiosperm orders. In spite of these independent origins, there is a remarkable morphological convergence of carnivorous plant traps and physiological convergence of mechanisms for digesting and assimilating prey. These convergent traits have made carnivorous plants model systems for addressing questions in plant molecular genetics, physiology, and evolutionary ecology. New data show that carnivorous plant genera with morphologically complex traps have higher relative rates of gene substitutions than do those with simple sticky traps. This observation suggests two alternative mechanisms for the evolution and diversification of carnivorous plant lineages. The ‘energetics hypothesis’ posits rapid morphological evolution resulting from a few changes in regulatory genes responsible for meeting the high energetic demands of active traps. The ‘predictable prey capture hypothesis’ further posits that complex traps yield more predictable and frequent prey captures. To evaluate these hypotheses, available data on the tempo and mode of carnivorous plant evolution were reviewed; patterns of prey capture by carnivorous plants were analysed; and the energetic costs and benefits of botanical carnivory were re-evaluated. -
Carnivorous Plants
ISSN 1033-6966 VICTORIAN CARNIVOROUS PLANT SOC IETY Inc. March 2007 No. 83 Drosera madagascariensis Darlingtonia californica Heliamphora macdonaldae Dionaea muscipula Nepenthes hurrelliana S. purpurea ssp venosa Pinguicula esseriana Nepenthes villosa Heliamphora minor x heterodoxa VICTORIAN CARNIVOROUS VICTORIAN CARNIVOROUS PLANT SOC IETY Inc. PLANT SOC IETY Inc. Annual Subscriptions Issue No. 83 March 2007 Australian membership $25.00 Office Bearers: July 2006 – June 2007 Overseas membership $25.00 Payment from overseas must be in Australian dollars. President Stephen Fretwell All cheques or money orders should be made payable to the Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Inc (VCPS). Vice President Sean Spence Payment by credit card is NOT available at the time of this journal issue. General Secretary Peter Bloem Correspondence Minutes Secretary Sean Spence Please forward all correspondence regarding subscription, change of address, Other Publications Gordon Ohlenrott articles for the journal and back issues to: The Secretary VCPS Journal Editor Stephen Fretwell P.O. Box 201 SOUTH YARRA 3141. Assistant Journal Editor George Caspar AUSTRALIA Internet Co-ordinator Paul Edwards Journal articles, in MS-Word, ready for publication, may be Emailed to the Editor or Secretary. Treasurer Ken Neal Librarian Andrew Gibbons Meetings Seedbank Administrator Ron Abernethy Most VCPS meetings are held in the hall at the rear of the Pilgrim Uniting Church on the corner of Bayview Road and Montague Street, Yarraville – Melway map reference Hardware Co-ordinator Andre Cleghorn 41K7. These meetings are on the fourth Wednesday of the month at 8 PM. However, some meetings may be at the home of members during a weekend. Show Co-ordinator Peter Anderson Details of meeting dates and topics are listed in each journal. -
Carnivorous Plants of the Guiana Highlands 6 I Drosera Roraimae
ISSN 1033-6966 VICTORIAN CARNIVOROUS PLANT SOC IETY Inc. September 2007 No. 85 Utricularia campbelliana Drosera roraimae Heliamphora tatei ‘Avispa’ Nepenthes rajah Heliamphora ionasii Utricularia humboldtii Heliamphora pulchella Heliamphora chimantensis Utricularia humboldtii Heliamphora pulchella VICTORIAN CARNIVOROUS VICTORIAN CARNIVOROUS PLANT SOC IETY Inc. PLANT SOC IETY Inc. Annual Subscriptions Issue No. 85 September 2007 Office Bearers: July 2007 – June 2008 Australian membership $25.00 Overseas membership $25.00 Payment from overseas must be in Australian dollars. President Stephen Fretwell All cheques or money orders should be made payable to the Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Inc (VCPS). Vice President Sean Spence Payment by credit card is NOT available at the time of this journal issue. General/Member Secretary Peter Bloem Correspondence Minutes Secretary Sean Spence Please forward all correspondence regarding subscription, change of address, Other Publications Gordon Ohlenrott articles for the journal and back issues to: The Secretary VCPS Journal Editor Stephen Fretwell P.O. Box 201 SOUTH YARRA 3141. Assistant Journal Editor Sean Spence AUSTRALIA Internet Co-ordinator Peter Wolf Journal articles, in MS-Word, ready for publication, Treasurer Ken Neal may be Emailed to the Editor or Secretary. Librarian Andrew Gibbons Meetings Seedbank Administrator Ron Abernethy Most VCPS meetings are held in the hall at the rear of the Pilgrim Uniting Church on the corner of Bayview Road and Montague Street, Yarraville – Melway map reference Hardware Co-ordinator Andre Cleghorn 41K7. These meetings are on the fourth Wednesday of the month at 8 PM. Event Co-ordinators Peter Anderson, However, some meetings may be at the home of members during a weekend. -
Phylogeny and Biogeography of Thesarraceniaceae
Technical Refereed Contribution Phylogeny and biogeography of the Sarraceniaceae John Brittnacher • Ashland, Oregon • USA •[email protected] Keywords: History: Sarraceniaceae evolution The carnivorous plant family Sarraceniaceae in the order Ericales consists of three genera: Dar- lingtonia, Heliamphora, and Sarracenia. Darlingtonia is represented by one species that is found in northern California and western Oregon. The genus Heliamphora currently has 23 recognized species all of which are native to the Guiana Highlands primarily in Venezuela with some spillover across the borders into Brazil and Guyana. Sarracenia has 15 species and subspecies, all but one of which are located in the southeastern USA. The range of Sarracenia purpurea extends into the northern USA and Canada. Closely related families in the plant order Ericales include the Roridu- laceae consisting of two sticky-leaved carnivorous plant species, Actinidiaceae, the Chinese goose- berry family, Cyrillaceae, which includes the common wetland plant Cyrilla racemiflora, and the family Clethraceae, which also has wetland plants including Clethra alnifolia. The rather charismatic plants of the Sarraceniaceae have drawn attention since the mid 19th century from botanists trying to understand how they came into being, how the genera are related to each other, and how they came to have such disjunct distributions. Before the advent of DNA sequencing it was very difficult to determine their relationships. Macfarlane (1889, 1893) proposed a phylogeny of the Sarraceniaceae based on his judgment of the overlap in features of the adult pitchers and his assumption that Nepenthes is a member of the family (Fig. la). He based his phy- logeny on the idea that the pitchers are produced from the fusion of two to five leaflets. -
Energetics and the Evolution of Carnivorous Plants—Darwin's
Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 19–42, 2009 doi:10.1093/jxb/ern179 DARWIN REVIEW Energetics and the evolution of carnivorous plants—Darwin’s ‘most wonderful plants in the world’ Aaron M. Ellison1,* and Nicholas J. Gotelli2 1 Harvard Forest, Harvard University, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, MA 01366, USA 2 Department of Biology, University of Vermont, 120 Marsh Life Sciences Building, Burlington, VT 05405, USA Received 6 May 2008; Revised 5 June 2008; Accepted 16 June 2008 Abstract Carnivory has evolved independently at least six times in five angiosperm orders. In spite of these independent origins, there is a remarkable morphological convergence of carnivorous plant traps and physiological convergence of mechanisms for digesting and assimilating prey. These convergent traits have made carnivorous plants model systems for addressing questions in plant molecular genetics, physiology, and evolutionary ecology. New data show that carnivorous plant genera with morphologically complex traps have higher relative rates of gene substitutions than do those with simple sticky traps. This observation suggests two alternative mechanisms for the evolution and diversification of carnivorous plant lineages. The ‘energetics hypothesis’ posits rapid morphological evolution resulting from a few changes in regulatory genes responsible for meeting the high energetic demands of active traps. The ‘predictable prey capture hypothesis’ further posits that complex traps yield more predictable and frequent prey captures. To evaluate these hypotheses, available data on the tempo and mode of carnivorous plant evolution were reviewed; patterns of prey capture by carnivorous plants were analysed; and the energetic costs and benefits of botanical carnivory were re-evaluated.