Housing and Transport Post-Brexit P12 New Civil Engineer August 2016

Inside: Fehmarnbelt immersed tube p56 Housing and transport post-Brexit p12 New Civil Engineer august 2016

TEChNICAl FUTURE TECh RIo GAMES RoBoTIC lEGACy RoADWoRK PAGE 40 PAGE 50

DIGITAl RAIlWAyS AUToNoMoUS VEhIClES DEMoCRATIC DATA SMART INFRASTRUCTURE New Civil Engineer

14 – 15 SEPTEMBER | THE CRYSTAL, LONDON Calming brexit fears TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION, SMART INFRASTRUCTURE AND BUILDINGS

MARK HANSFORD EDITOR

2016 SPEAKER LINE-UP INCLUDES: rexit. Lots of emotions are sweeping around our indus- So there are reasons to be positive and concerted action is impor- try right now, but the over-riding one is fear. What can tant. And it is great to see all the engineering institutions and trade bod- Roger Bailey, asset management director, Tideway we do about it? ies uniting around the Royal Academy of Engineering to drive engineer- B There is no getting away from it: the industry is really ing’s response. We are in talks with the Academy about how New Civil Peter Madden, chief executive, Future Cities Catapult worried. Engineer can support that effort. It certainly is: our online poll tells us that 67% of respondents think But there is no time to wait, and there are probably three things that Mark Morris, director of asset management, HS2 the referendum result will be bad for civil engineering. industry must do right now. You can see why. Network Rail had already scaled back its aspira- The first is to get behind High Speed 2 in a way that it has not man- Erik Schlangen, professor, experimental micromechanics, Delft University of Technology tions; Transport for London’s projects – big and small – were already aged to do so far; both by being universally enthusiastic about it and being reviewed; and Hinkley was already doubtful. Paul Willis, engineering services director, Manchester Airports Group Then came 23 June and the political maelstrom it has created. Heath- Mike Wilson, chief engineer, Highways England row has lost its big supporter in prime minister David Cameron (and Government (or at least the looks set to gain a massive opponent in Theresa May); a recession looms and Highways England is looking anxiously at its easily cuttable current government) does see budgets. To top it all off, the National Audit Office has supplied any- @ ncedigital #NCETech one looking for an excuse to delay High Speed 2 with evidence that the infrastructure projects as a means to scheme is running late and looking iffy on costs. But the government – or at least transport secretary Patrick stimulate the economy – much as it 3 WAYS TO BOOK YOUR PLACE SPONSORSHIP AND EXHIBITION OPPORTUNITIES McLoughlin (and at least while he remains in the post) – is talking Position your company at the forefront of the industry through one of our tailored sponsorhship positively about the role of infrastructure investment in driving the saw it in the all-too-recent recession futuretechnology.newcivilengineer.com economy. or exhibition packages. To find out more, please contact: “ “As we address the future and the consequences of our vote to 020 3033 2949 Roland Maybank leave the European Union, one thing is certain; investment in the long- also by giving real confidence about delivery by showing what has been Jess.Atkins@EMAP.com 020 3033 2911 term infrastructure we need has become more important, not less,” achieved elsewhere on other projects (high speed or otherwise). McLoughlin told an infrastructure summit last week. The second is probably to get behind Gatwick. It’s less politically [email protected] Government (or at least the current government) does see infra- challenged than Heathrow; it’s less technically challenged too (that is, structure projects as a means to stimulate the economy – much as it there is no need to put the 10 lanes of the M25 in a tunnel and shift one saw it in the all-too-recent recession. of Britain’s biggest energy from waste plants); and it is something that At the summit, McLoughlin recalled chancellor George Osborne’s could be got on with pretty quickly – which sounds good right now. decision back in 2010 not to cancel Crossrail, despite advice that the And third, and most definitely most important of all, the industry FUTURETECHNOLOGY.NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM money would be better spent paying down the national debt. It went should be working all guns blazing on getting some smaller roads ahead as part of a fiscal stimulus that also eventually resulted in money schemes ready to go – working with local authorities and Highways thrown at a raft of “shovel ready” highways schemes. Indeed, the prob- England to get schemes worked up and in to (and out of) the planning Platinum sponsor: Gold sponsors: lem was that there weren’t enough shovel ready schemes on which to system, so that if the call does go out this time, they are ready to start. spend the cash quickly enough. ● [email protected], twitter @markhansford

AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 3 New Civil Engineer

14 – 15 SEPTEMBER | THE CRYSTAL, LONDON Calming brexit fears TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION, SMART INFRASTRUCTURE AND BUILDINGS

MARK HANSFORD EDITOR

2016 SPEAKER LINE-UP INCLUDES: rexit. Lots of emotions are sweeping around our indus- So there are reasons to be positive and concerted action is impor- try right now, but the over-riding one is fear. What can tant. And it is great to see all the engineering institutions and trade bod- Roger Bailey, asset management director, Tideway we do about it? ies uniting around the Royal Academy of Engineering to drive engineer- B There is no getting away from it: the industry is really ing’s response. We are in talks with the Academy about how New Civil Peter Madden, chief executive, Future Cities Catapult worried. Engineer can support that effort. It certainly is: our online poll tells us that 67% of respondents think But there is no time to wait, and there are probably three things that Mark Morris, director of asset management, HS2 the referendum result will be bad for civil engineering. industry must do right now. You can see why. Network Rail had already scaled back its aspira- The first is to get behind High Speed 2 in a way that it has not man- Erik Schlangen, professor, experimental micromechanics, Delft University of Technology tions; Transport for London’s projects – big and small – were already aged to do so far; both by being universally enthusiastic about it and being reviewed; and Hinkley was already doubtful. Paul Willis, engineering services director, Manchester Airports Group Then came 23 June and the political maelstrom it has created. Heath- Mike Wilson, chief engineer, Highways England row has lost its big supporter in prime minister David Cameron (and Government (or at least the looks set to gain a massive opponent in Theresa May); a recession looms and Highways England is looking anxiously at its easily cuttable current government) does see budgets. To top it all off, the National Audit Office has supplied any- @ ncedigital #NCETech one looking for an excuse to delay High Speed 2 with evidence that the infrastructure projects as a means to scheme is running late and looking iffy on costs. But the government – or at least transport secretary Patrick stimulate the economy – much as it 3 WAYS TO BOOK YOUR PLACE SPONSORSHIP AND EXHIBITION OPPORTUNITIES McLoughlin (and at least while he remains in the post) – is talking Position your company at the forefront of the industry through one of our tailored sponsorhship positively about the role of infrastructure investment in driving the saw it in the all-too-recent recession futuretechnology.newcivilengineer.com economy. or exhibition packages. To find out more, please contact: “ “As we address the future and the consequences of our vote to 020 3033 2949 Roland Maybank leave the European Union, one thing is certain; investment in the long- also by giving real confidence about delivery by showing what has been [email protected] 020 3033 2911 term infrastructure we need has become more important, not less,” achieved elsewhere on other projects (high speed or otherwise). McLoughlin told an infrastructure summit last week. The second is probably to get behind Gatwick. It’s less politically [email protected] Government (or at least the current government) does see infra- challenged than Heathrow; it’s less technically challenged too (that is, structure projects as a means to stimulate the economy – much as it there is no need to put the 10 lanes of the M25 in a tunnel and shift one saw it in the all-too-recent recession. of Britain’s biggest energy from waste plants); and it is something that At the summit, McLoughlin recalled chancellor George Osborne’s could be got on with pretty quickly – which sounds good right now. decision back in 2010 not to cancel Crossrail, despite advice that the And third, and most definitely most important of all, the industry FUTURETECHNOLOGY.NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM money would be better spent paying down the national debt. It went should be working all guns blazing on getting some smaller roads ahead as part of a fiscal stimulus that also eventually resulted in money schemes ready to go – working with local authorities and Highways thrown at a raft of “shovel ready” highways schemes. Indeed, the prob- England to get schemes worked up and in to (and out of) the planning Platinum sponsor: Gold sponsors: lem was that there weren’t enough shovel ready schemes on which to system, so that if the call does go out this time, they are ready to start. spend the cash quickly enough. ● [email protected], twitter @markhansford

AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 3 New Civil Engineer Get news delivered daily Weekly Wrap and analysis delivered weekly Contents with our new newsletters. NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 Sign-up at newcivilengineer.com MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS

Story of the week: A technical investigation into bridge collapses in South East Asia CONTRIBUTORS 03 Comment, 19 This month's big issue: 40 Technical 50 Future Analysis & News Smart Infrastructure Excellence Tech

07 Lighthouse: Engineers must put infrastructure case, post-Brexit Mark Hansford 08 The Edit: Industry reacts to Brexit p50 Raul Fuentes [email protected] vote, concerns about High Speed 2 Twitter @markhansford schedule, ICE devolution report

10 The Edit: Engineers join London ‘Pride’ march, Kier to sell Mouchel

12 Analysis: Brexit’s impact on transport and housing Robert Henson 40 How the 2016 Olympics in Rio 50 Raul Fuentes is pioneering sensor p20 Smart infrastructure 14 Analysis: How Brexit will a ect EU de Janeiro will leave its legacy technology that might make [email protected] regulations in Britain roadworks less disruptive Twitter @Rob_Henson 48 Lessons from the 1908 London 16 Your View: Modular nuclear power Olympic Games still resonate construction; Hinkley Point decision; fracking; role models for women 56 World View: 64 Equality: Dave Parker 69 Institution of Civil Engineers: p40 Olympic legacy Regional devolution must include Fehmarnbelt Diversity [email protected] infrastructure; Broyd seeks Presidential Apprentices; world Many industry leaders believe that if record Lego bridge bid; backing for civil engineering is to capitalise on the revolution new project framework; Gotthard tunnel story; volunteering in robotics and data capture, radical and systemic change is required now Katherine Smale p32 Remote control [email protected]

20 Overview: Smart technology 32 Machine controls are guiding work is inﬂ uencing everything from on the A1 widening between transport planning to building Leeming and Barton 56 Overview: Denmark and Germany 64 More needs to be done to maintain monitoring. 35 Will the rise of the robot lead to are poised to start work on the the momentum behind e orts to 26 Vibration energy: how kinetic job losses among civil engineers as 18km immersed tube tunnel across increase equality and diversity in the Tom Hart the Fehmarnbelt strait p64 Moving target energy can power sensors work gets increasingly automated? engineering workplace tom.hart @emap.com Bridges: subject of new ICE exhibition Twitter @txh_ncedigital

4 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 5 New Civil Engineer Get news delivered daily Weekly Wrap and analysis delivered weekly Contents with our new newsletters. NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 Sign-up at newcivilengineer.com MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS

10 The Edit: Engineers join London ‘Pride’ march, Kier to sell Mouchel

4 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 5 32393-Groundforce Advert 1 265x210 .qxp_Layout 1 06/05/2016 09:42 Page 1

Lighthouse ICE VIEWPOINT >> OUR SUPPORT Engineers must lead YOUR SOLUTION the post-Brexit infrastructure debate

ith apologies to non- The Royal Academy of Engi- UK readers, but there We must prove neering is leading a similar group, can only really be how investing bringing together all of the 35 engi- W one subject for neering institutions. Both will offer this month’s Light- in infrastructure a concise, coherent analysis of UK house – Brexit. needs. The key issues will include O T

Lighthouse ICE VIEWPOINT >> OUR SUPPORT Engineers must lead YOUR SOLUTION the post-Brexit infrastructure debate

The result of the 23 June vote was drives growth and skills, codes and standards, attract- BASEMENT WIRELESS P EUROCODE clear: a vote to leave the European ing investment and maintaining our U Union (EU). The final outcome and By ArT WE spreads opportunity world class research base. PROPPING m COMPLIANT 3 500T CL5EAR0 SPAN what that means for civil engineer- mAsTEr Then: Brexit means change. C CAPACITY “ LOAD ing is far less certain. At the ICE we WhAT WOuld across the country Change means both risk and oppor- SPECIALISTS MONITORING AVAILABLE DESIGN E STRUT think there are three things to do. mAsTEr us tunity. Alongside all of the above we Now: First we must all make the politicians and officials conducting need to turn our minds to what kind case for infrastructure. Since the these negotiations understand what of industry we will have outside Groundforce Shorco (Major Projects) has a large 2008 financial crisis, governments our sector needs to thrive. of the EU. In a UK that is embrac- have placed infrastructure at the Under Sir John Armitt’s leader- ing devolution, where should key fleet of equipment combined with a first class heart of economic strategy. ship, the ICE has been central to powers around infrastructure be The National Infrastructure Delivery convening two groups of industry exercised? technical team to support both designers and Plan and its counterparts in the de- leaders. For construction we are Should we keep or change volved nations are well established. drawing on our influence and existing laws and regulations? Who site personnel, also including the only Wireless Major projects and programmes reputation for impartiality to bring should we be targeting for invest- across Britain have received the together organisations and industry ment into our built environment. Load Monitoring system on the market for green light. But we cannot assume leaders to provide a single voice We, the profession, must shed our that the incoming prime minister – building on the coalition of the inhibitions and lead this debate. proprietary props. will share their predecessor’s willing that is currently delivering a Not for us, but for the society we enthusiasm. We must prove how 30 year assessment of our infra- serve. investing in infrastructure drives structure needs. www.vpgroundforce.com/shoring growth and spreads opportunity across the country. We must demon- We need T: 0845 602 9963 E: [email protected] strate that continuity of investment via mechanisms like Highways En- to turn gland’s five year Roads Investment Strategy allows the supply chain to our minds to what innovate and provide better value Version 3.1 Technical File Available Now for money for clients and the public. kind of industry we The latest version of the Technical File is available to view and download on the Groundforce website. Every one of us has a part to play in making this case. The ICE website will have outside provides supporting information. “of the EU. In a UK In association with Next: The government will have to negotiate the terms of the UK’s that is embracing exit from the EU. It is vital that Groundforce Shorco devolution Major Projects 5 - 6 OCTOBER AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 7 brEXiT latest ENTRY More ConCErnS AbouT DEADLINE coverage ‘unrEALiSTiC’ HS2 19 August The Edit online at dELivEry SCHEduLE ESSENTIAL NEWS & INFORMATION newcivil 2016 FROM NEWcIvILENgINEER.cOM engineer.com The planned 2026 opening date for phase one of High Speed 2 (HS2) is at risk due to mounting cost and schedule pressures, according to a report published by public spending watchdog the National Audit Office (NAO). The report says the schedule set by the Department for Transport 8 DECEMBER | Grosvenor House Hotel, London (DfT) for HS2 Ltd’s delivery of the project is too ambitious. This follows concerns raised in 2013 by the Commons public accounts committee about the ambitious timetable for the project. “The unrealistic timetable set for HS2 Ltd by the Department means they are not as ready to deliver as they hoped to be at this point. The Department now needs to get the project working to a EntriesADVERT timescale that is achievable,” said head of the NAO Amyas Morse. now open! Brexit: Industry responds latest KEy STATS iCE LAunCHES STATE oF nATion to historic vote in favour of dEvoLuTion rEPorT Celebrate the success of your HR 2026 and recruitment strategies and leaving the European Union Scheduled opening date The ICE has published its innovative solutions in building winning for High State of the Nation: Devolution teams, creating outstanding workplace LATEST leaders were eager for Britain 2016 report. The report says to remain in the EU. Atkins chief Speed 2 that putting infrastructure environments and much more… The impact on civil engineering executive Uwe Krueger was one: improvements at the heart of of the UK public’s decision “It is critical that, during this the devolution agenda could to leave the European Union period, the government does not 10 significantly boost local growth, (EU) may be dramatic and civil become distracted from the vital Priorities environmental sustainability engineers have a big stake in task of delivering the nation’s outlined in and quality of life. It added that the result. Civil Engineering infrastructure,” he said. only with the right investment, For entries contact For sponsorship contact Contractors Association iCE State of frameworks and skills, can newly George Thornton Matt Foster (Ceca) chief executive Alasdair the nation: created combined authorities Reisner called for calm amid it is critical and transport bodies realise [email protected] [email protected] fears that economic upheaval devolution those full benefits. The report 020 7391 4530 020 3033 2980 triggered by the vote will badly that the report also backs government effort to hit infrastructure investment. rebalance the economy with the Pre-vote, prime minister David government does not focus on infrastructure as the Cameron warned about the key driver. It includes a 10 point future of major schemes such become distracted plan to help local authorities as High Speed 2 (HS2) and High maximise devolution benefits. It constructiontalent.co.uk/open Speed 3 in the event of a so- from the vital also calls for local authorities to called Brexit. For that reason have greater access to flexible “ MAIN: transparent version task of delivering – and several others – most financing streams to supplement civils firms and their senior infrastructure central government funding. Brought to you by:

8 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | AUGUST 2016 brEXiT latest ENTRY More ConCErnS AbouT DEADLINE coverage ‘unrEALiSTiC’ HS2 19 August The Edit online at dELivEry SCHEduLE ESSENTIAL NEWS & INFORMATION newcivil 2016 FROM NEWcIvILENgINEER.cOM engineer.com The planned 2026 opening date for phase one of High Speed 2 (HS2) is at risk due to mounting cost and schedule pressures, according to a report published by public spending watchdog the National Audit Office (NAO). The report says the schedule set by the Department for Transport 8 DECEMBER | Grosvenor House Hotel, London (DfT) for HS2 Ltd’s delivery of the project is too ambitious. This follows concerns raised in 2013 by the Commons public accounts committee about the ambitious timetable for the project. “The unrealistic timetable set for HS2 Ltd by the Department means they are not as ready to deliver as they hoped to be at this point. The Department now needs to get the project working to a EntriesADVERT timescale that is achievable,” said head of the NAO Amyas Morse. now open! Brexit: Industry responds latest KEy STATS iCE LAunCHES STATE oF nATion to historic vote in favour of dEvoLuTion rEPorT Celebrate the success of your HR 2026 and recruitment strategies and leaving the European Union Scheduled opening date The ICE has published its innovative solutions in building winning for High State of the Nation: Devolution teams, creating outstanding workplace LATEST leaders were eager for Britain 2016 report. The report says to remain in the EU. Atkins chief Speed 2 that putting infrastructure environments and much more… The impact on civil engineering executive Uwe Krueger was one: improvements at the heart of of the UK public’s decision “It is critical that, during this the devolution agenda could to leave the European Union period, the government does not 10 significantly boost local growth, (EU) may be dramatic and civil become distracted from the vital Priorities environmental sustainability engineers have a big stake in task of delivering the nation’s outlined in and quality of life. It added that the result. Civil Engineering infrastructure,” he said. only with the right investment, For entries contact For sponsorship contact Contractors Association iCE State of frameworks and skills, can newly George Thornton Matt Foster (Ceca) chief executive Alasdair the nation: created combined authorities Reisner called for calm amid it is critical and transport bodies realise [email protected] [email protected] fears that economic upheaval devolution those full benefits. The report 020 7391 4530 020 3033 2980 triggered by the vote will badly that the report also backs government effort to hit infrastructure investment. rebalance the economy with the Pre-vote, prime minister David government does not focus on infrastructure as the Cameron warned about the key driver. It includes a 10 point future of major schemes such become distracted plan to help local authorities as High Speed 2 (HS2) and High maximise devolution benefits. It constructiontalent.co.uk/open Speed 3 in the event of a so- from the vital also calls for local authorities to called Brexit. For that reason have greater access to flexible “ MAIN: transparent version task of delivering – and several others – most financing streams to supplement civils firms and their senior infrastructure central government funding. Brought to you by:

8 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | AUGUST 2016 The Edit There’s more to

world view From the hire of simple, hand-held devices through to the provision of fully- EnginEErs automated monitoring and control systems, Mabey LIVE Instrumentation has in ‘PriDE’ everything you need to monitor your site with complete confidence. MArch

Two hundred construction took part in London’s Pride parade under #BuildingEquality banner. Employees from Arcadis, Arup, Balfour Beatty, Carillion, Laing O’Rourke, Environmental Monitoring Solutions Contract Monitoring Solutions Lendlease, Mott Macdonald, Nathaniel Lichfield & Partners, Skanska and WSP Vibration Monitoring | Noise Monitoring Monitoring & Control | Geodetic Monitoring Parsons Brinckerhoff Dust Monitoring | EnviroGuard Geotechnic Monitoring | Topographical joined the march Monitoring | Advanced data analysis & display through the capital to celebrate the annual lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) festival.

TransporT BUsiness l a T esT Plans to boost civil engineering Key stats Kier Plans to Port of london bucKs falling sell Mouchel cargo handling construction 200 consulting Calibration & Testing Solutions Hired Monitoring Solutions caPacity unveiled outPut trend construction business professionals A new vision for the River Construction output fell at its Kier plans to sell Mouchel’s Thames has been unveiled. fastest pace for seven years in took part consulting business, just over Load testing | Product testing Temperature Monitoring | Displacement The aim is to enable the Port of June according to new figures. in london a year after it bought the entire Optical instruments Monitoring | Universal data acquisition system London to handle up to 80M.t But civil engineering output ‘Pride’ march Mouchel group in a £265M cash of cargo a year. The 20 year bucked the trend by remaining deal. Kier said that simplifying plan was put together over an stable. The latest figures from its portfolio is a priority and 18 month period by the Port the Markit/CIPS UK Construction £265M it wants to focus on areas of London Authority and river Purchasing Managers’ Index give that will underpin its growth users. It includes plans to an indication of how the market sum paid expectations in its core markets increase the use of the river as is being affected by the Brexit by Kier for of infrastructure, housing and well as plans to better protect referendum vote, although 80% the Mouchel building. It said the Mouchel the river environment. A key of the survey responses were business is performing well, element will be the construction given before the result. Markit/ group with the integration of the of the Thames Tideway Tunnel. CIPS Construction PMI senior strategic highways and local London’s new deputy mayor economist and report author Tim authority highways maintenance for transport Val Shawcross Moore said: “Civil engineering businesses now complete. Much LIVEpin LIVEsite said: “This blueprint for the was the only stabilising influence, of the Mouchel business that Kier future of the Thames can make which underlines the need to bought has been fully integrated an important contribution to shore up decision making on into the Kier business, for the mayor’s aim of encouraging infrastructure projects and example the Mouchel business New innovation for measuring axial load on Web portal and software package available greater use of the river for the help offset any further loss of services operations have been our groundworks propping equipment. only through Mabey. Enables you to view all transport of passengers and momentum across the wider integrated with Kier’s facilities of your readings online in one place. freight.” construction sector.” management operations.

10 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 0845 741 3040 | www.mabey.com | [email protected]

NCE - Instrumentation.indd 1 01/07/2016 13:11:30 The Edit There’s more to world view From the hire of simple, hand-held devices through to the provision of fully- EnginEErs automated monitoring and control systems, Mabey LIVE Instrumentation has in ‘PriDE’ everything you need to monitor your site with complete confidence. MArch

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NCE - Instrumentation.indd 1 01/07/2016 13:11:30 Post-Brexit Analysis Mark Hansford Housing and transport, post-Brexit

n preparation for that embarrass politicians.” Brexit Britain’s Infrastructure is increasingly It is vital potential new Key STAT seen in terms of the outcomes to examine I prime ministers it provides for society rather are all, to greater than the physical assets through housing and transport or lesser degrees, talking about £1.3 trillion which the services are provided, backing infrastructure. But what Projected notes Chapman. Thus we now together There’s a smarter way to access do they mean by that? Housing investment talk about meeting demand for will definitely be mentioned by mobility rather than drooling strategic plan for land-use on some, which begs the question: in London’s over a list of new road or rail “our densely occupied island, the your infrastructure. should housing be considered a infrastructure schemes. National Infrastructure Com- key part of infrastructure? OK, the particular siting for mission and Infrastructure and from 2016 to “London like much of the UK other buildings, such as those Projects Authority must be en- Our innovative solutions can help you do it. knows it must accommodate 2015 that host major elements of so- couraged to provide leadership significant growth in population,” cial infrastructure, like hospitals, in broader land-use and not just EJ design, manufacture and distribute high quality access covers and explains Arup London infrastruc- schools and police stations, allow themselves to be restrict- ture director Tim Chapman. Or aren’t quite so essential for the ed to considerations of particu- gratings for water, sewer, drainage, telecommunications and utility networks at least it did pre-Brexit, with operation of our society. Yes, we lar projects and programmes,” free movement of people and an need the service they provide, he says. worldwide. economy that remains dynamic but there is flexibility about their And if one focuses on infra- and attractive. location. structure as a main facilitator for “In terms of planning for The disposition and density economic growth and improved population growth, it is vital to of housing also needs careful productivity, then the necessary examine housing and transport consideration – as once created, pre-requisite is a skilled and mo- together, as they only work that it shapes society for generations bile workforce – where they live way,” says Chapman. “Housing and actually centuries to come. and work need to be considered without transport leads to sink Read the full Which brings us to the crux of together. Therefore in planning estates that no one wants to live version of this it: the role of the National Infra- new settlements, the twin infra- in, while transport without the article at structure Commission. Chapman structure systems of housing demand for trips generated by newcivil says the solution is obvious: “In and transport , are an excellent housing leads to white elephants engineer.com the absence of any other national place from which to start.

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14 Wilstead Industrial Park - Wilstead - Bedford MK45 3PD - United Kingdom tel +44 (0)1582 720 74 12 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 [email protected] Post-Brexit Analysis Mark Hansford Housing and transport, post-Brexit

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14 Wilstead Industrial Park - Wilstead - Bedford MK45 3PD - United Kingdom tel +44 (0)1582 720 74 12 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 [email protected] Post-Brexit Analysis Emily ASHWEll Wavin What next for regulations, Water made more constructive post-Brexit?

sk most people It’s only since 2010 that in the street what Eurocodes have been the European Union 2010 definitive UK standard, and as A (EU) regulations Year such, the profession has invested mean to them and Eurocodes time, training and technology in you’ll get jokes about straight adoption and adaption. bananas and complaints about were adopted WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff not being able to buy more by the UK head of bridges and ground powerful vacuum cleaners. engineering Steve Denton But the impact of Brexit for is chairman of CEN/TC 250, the civil engineering community the international committee is no laughing matter when it responsible for the Eurocodes, comes to what will happen to the the design standards for Eurocodes: Likely to prevail EU regulations, directives and structural and geotechnical professional standards that to works in the UK and Europe. directives. Directives are written date have determined how the For Denton and colleagues, into UK law, so they would have sector works. there are sound reasons why to be repealed by Parliament and You can divide these into two there will be no change in the would still apply when the UK categories. First, there’s the issue long term – it’s in everyone’s leaves the EU, so it’s unlikely there of standards, which have been interest to work in harmony, will be any immediate change, developed by the profession on making it easier to work and if any. However regulations are a consensual basis and therefore do business with and in other imposed by the EU. have minimal exposure to the countries. “International “One of the concerns is as current political headwinds. standards play a key role in time goes by, will there be a Secondly, there are regulations providing an underpinning bit of divorce between UK and and directives – directives to framework for international European practices. In reality, a lesser extent – whose future trade. Furthermore, those that’s unlikely. We sell in world depends on the big questions countries that are instrumental markets,” says Fenwick Elliott about how Brexit moves forward in the development of standards senior partner Simon Tolson, and whether the UK stays in the benefit when other countries who specialises in construction single market. chose to adopt them, as is and engineering law. happening with the Eurocodes.” “I think the overall view of Through ActivPartnering™ – harnessing our know-how to your expertise But while the profession is most people is that no one – we can build better together and deliver value engineering above and below agreed on the issue of standards, knows. We’re in a massive period ground. The result is faster planning and specification, optimised design, There are the fate of the regulations and of instability, but everyone is assured compliance, enhanced sustainability, higher performance, reduced directives is less clear at the getting on with their jobs.” risk, future-proof solutions and a smoother path to completion. Connected, sound reasons moment and will depend on the As the political process we can help you to build better, faster – eliminating avoidable costs and Read the full political outcome of Brexit. towards Brexit moves forward, it why there will be no achieving the best installed outcome every time. version of this The UK civil engineering sector, seems the most civils firms can change in the long article at like all businesses in the UK, do is make sure that, in the long newcivil is governed by an enormous term, there’s flexibility within Explore how, together, we can make water more constructive at term engineer.com number of regulations and their work for any change. activpartnering.co.uk “ For immediate assistance, call our technical team on 0844 856 5165 14 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 government at significantly been eased for fracking in the UK, less cost and on a more reliable contrary to Woods’ claims; quite geotechnI c S v I ew timescale than EDF. This solution the contrary. As my own research has also the advantage, among has shown, we have committed to other things, of allowing an regulate fracking-induced seismicity almost wholly UK manufacture, 40,000 times more strictly than much of it factory-based as well quarry blasting. Your View as establishing a viable future The reality is that 82% of UK international business opportunity. households rely on gas for heating, letters to the editor ANd CoMMeNts oNliNe Derek Limbert (F) 16 Hutchings and it is also the lowest-carbon Choosing Road, Beaconsfield HP9 2BB option for generating power when the wind doesn’t blow. If the UK government had any strategy to e nergy wean us off gas use, without putting Future technology We Must take Methane fuel poverty through the ceiling, the right Modular solution to the risk of delays and cost overruns. poWer More seriously we might be able to afford to reject Small modular reactors (SMRs) indigenous unconventional gas out nuclear challenge @ are dependent on optimising I feel I must correct some of the of hand. Without any such strategy, advanced manufacturing for assertions made by Andrew Wood, continued gas use will simply mean Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are their potential success. In civils, who appears to buy the argument importing more, at a far greater solution attracting increasing government fully automated and robotic that UK engineers are incapable of carbon footprint. That makes no interest and a UK designed SMR manufacturing delivered nuclear safely producing unconventional gas sense whatsoever. (of which several are currently components 75% quicker for this (Letters, last month). Paul Younger (F), Rankine chair in development) could be at the research project. A UK SMR has He states that “methane must of engineering, and professor of forefront of an emerging global read more incredible potential to power up surely be the very last fossil fuel energy engineering, School of market. With civils accounting for the nuclear industry in the country that we consider exploiting”. The Engineering, James Watt Building Remediating 180 designed to Eurocodes and achieve a design letters at 35% of the total SMR cost, a truly post-Brexit. The current SMR reverse is in fact the case. With the (South), University of Glasgow, year old railway life of 60 or 120 years. Refurbishment works are modular design, from substructure www.newcivil situation is ideal for early civil greenhouse gas emissions from gas Glasgow G12 8QQ earthworks provides less extensive and often limited to resolving to reactor, will be vital to their engineer.com engineering engagement – modular combustion typically less than half countless challenges a local earthwork defect. The maintain success. civils for modular reactors are to the practicing classification indicates nominal works which e ngI neerI ng e Q u A l I ty Nuclear construction demands Add your essential if they are to commercially engineer. maintain the asset at a steady state. This quality, efficiency, safety and comments to succeed. WoMen can progress During a recent classification scheme has proved useful in programme reliability. Currently, our stories Harry Edwards harryedwards@ Without role Models David inspection of a defining the expectation of Network Rail and this is achieved almost entirely on online or email laingorourke.com Jowett section of cutting what interventions can be considered. site, with a large workforce toiling your letters to along the Liverpool to Inevitably the transition between away in adverse weather conditions nceedit@emap. Recent emails encouraging me Manchester railway intervention types is not entirely clear cut. The on a highly secure and very remote e nergy to nominate someone for the top I was reminded that this was the world’s first case of heavy cess support provides a good com site. It is little surprise that nuclear tiMe to end the women in engineering awards made inter-city passenger line, opening in 1830. It example. The presence of steel piles will help power stations are currently me reflect that during my 30 year struck me that providing earthwork solutions resist deep seated slope movement, but won’t completed years late and billions of hinkley farce career in civil engineering I have not for Britain’s rail network is unique in terms of necessarily protect against shallow instability pounds over budget. come across any female role models the age of the asset and the various constraints of the embankment flanks. For this, and other Modular precast elements can be The time has surely come to or mentors; however I would like on construction. Unlike other linear assets, scenarios, the project team must weigh up the manufactured in high-tech factories put an end to the farce that is to take the opportunity to publicly there is generally no opportunity for a rebuild benefits in terms of buildability and cost against before transport to site for efficient Hinkley Point C. After goodness thank the people who have taken and works must be carefully planned to limit employing more robust, but expensive options. and reliable construction – this knows how many years of the time and trouble to support and impact on rail operations. Combined with tight To ensure a successful project outcome process begins with design for frustration and procrastination hinkley point: the farce continues guide me during my early career working clearances, extensive electrification client, contractor and designer must manufacture and assembly (DfMA). over its construction, we now and more latterly challenge me to and trackside equipment and the remote collaborate to identify risks and constraints. As Skyscrapers, bridges, houses and find ourselves in the hands of the those from coal, and nearly as much be the best civil engineer I can be. nature of certain sites, you have an extremely new technology becomes available, the railways are already reaping the French government, the Chinese less than from oil, natural gas is the So thank you to Bill Cassano, challenging but rewarding environment. engineer must also embrace innovation to benefits in quality, efficiency, safety government and, hardly believably, most hydrogen-rich of the fossil fuels Frank Oldaker, John Greenwood, Understandably, given budgetary constraints provide robust, value-engineered solutions. and programme that DfMA brings. the French trade unions. Let us and therefore the best of them to use Stan Moore, Nick Gilbert, Ed White, and growing pressures on the railway, the asset Of course this won’t be possible without Can DfMA deliver for the nuclear be clear, the government has put if you care about climate change. George Woods, Keith Robinson management process is now underpinned adequate funding. Given the age of the industry too? Laing O’Rourke, Arup, the future of our main source The Joint Royal Academies’ and John Flett, not to mention the by risk assessment. With around 185,000 infrastructure, I feel future earthwork budgets BRE and Imperial College London of electricity in the hands of report of 2012 is only four years fantastic colleagues it has been my earthwork assets within Network Rail’s control, will need to increase significantly with collaborated on a three year, foreign entities who have no interest old, not “four years out of date” fortune to share the frustrations it is invariably a case of picking your battles to additional focus on monitoring and proactive £2M research project to find out. in our future energy supplies, only as he claims. Subsequent analyses and laughter of civil engineering ensure that critical assets are identified through interventions. Provided this investment is After 200t of reinforced concrete the editor, whether they can make profit from (for example, Scottish Government with. To any young woman who is inspection and monitoring. there, I see no reason why our railways won’t be structures, 20 laboratory strength new civil the subsidised tariffs. Expert Panel in 2014) have considering civil engineering as a The process of choosing the right solution around for another 100 years or until the next tests and four full scale trials we can engineer, A line should be drawn under this confirmed its findings. The Ryedale career I would say it won’t make for a failing earthwork is always a balancing great innovation in public transport arrives. present our results. fiasco, EDF shown the door, and planning permission is simply to you rich, but it is fulfilling and act between technical aspects, buildability and l David Jowett is associate director telephone By prefabricating both Rolls Royce Nuclear commissioned re-stimulate an existing well – a no-one will insist you wear high budget. Network Rail’s most recent earthworks at Byrne Looby house, substructure and superstructure in the national interest to routine task that would previously heels, although when you do it is asset policy provides useful clarification of components, we estimate that 70% 69-77 Paul construct a number of small have been done without further incredibly empowering to tower the earthwork solutions available, classifying of the nuclear civil engineering value Street, london, modular reactors (SMRs) using their ado until the tightening of rules over your colleagues occasionally them as renew, refurbish or maintain. Renewal can be delivered offsite. Time on site ec2A 4nQ proven submarine reactor design. following the Joint Royal Academies’ and remind them just who is in implies significant works to a cutting or was reduced by up to 80%, while email: nceedit@ Rolls Royce has already report. Not a single planning or charge. embankment to reduce the risk of instability. improving reliability and reducing emap.com made such a proposal to the environmental regulation has Karen Young [email protected] The expectation is that these works will be

16 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 17 government at significantly been eased for fracking in the UK, less cost and on a more reliable contrary to Woods’ claims; quite geotechnI c S v I ew timescale than EDF. This solution the contrary. As my own research has also the advantage, among has shown, we have committed to other things, of allowing an regulate fracking-induced seismicity almost wholly UK manufacture, 40,000 times more strictly than much of it factory-based as well quarry blasting. Your View as establishing a viable future The reality is that 82% of UK international business opportunity. households rely on gas for heating, letters to the editor ANd CoMMeNts oNliNe Derek Limbert (F) 16 Hutchings and it is also the lowest-carbon Choosing Road, Beaconsfield HP9 2BB option for generating power when the wind doesn’t blow. If the UK government had any strategy to e nergy wean us off gas use, without putting Future technology We Must take Methane fuel poverty through the ceiling, the right Modular solution to the risk of delays and cost overruns. poWer More seriously we might be able to afford to reject Small modular reactors (SMRs) indigenous unconventional gas out nuclear challenge @ are dependent on optimising I feel I must correct some of the of hand. Without any such strategy, advanced manufacturing for assertions made by Andrew Wood, continued gas use will simply mean Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are their potential success. In civils, who appears to buy the argument importing more, at a far greater solution attracting increasing government fully automated and robotic that UK engineers are incapable of carbon footprint. That makes no interest and a UK designed SMR manufacturing delivered nuclear safely producing unconventional gas sense whatsoever. (of which several are currently components 75% quicker for this (Letters, last month). Paul Younger (F), Rankine chair in development) could be at the research project. A UK SMR has He states that “methane must of engineering, and professor of forefront of an emerging global read more incredible potential to power up surely be the very last fossil fuel energy engineering, School of market. With civils accounting for the nuclear industry in the country that we consider exploiting”. The Engineering, James Watt Building Remediating 180 designed to Eurocodes and achieve a design letters at 35% of the total SMR cost, a truly post-Brexit. The current SMR reverse is in fact the case. With the (South), University of Glasgow, year old railway life of 60 or 120 years. Refurbishment works are modular design, from substructure www.newcivil situation is ideal for early civil greenhouse gas emissions from gas Glasgow G12 8QQ earthworks provides less extensive and often limited to resolving to reactor, will be vital to their engineer.com engineering engagement – modular combustion typically less than half countless challenges a local earthwork defect. The maintain success. civils for modular reactors are to the practicing classification indicates nominal works which e ngI neerI ng e Q u A l I ty Nuclear construction demands Add your essential if they are to commercially engineer. maintain the asset at a steady state. This quality, efficiency, safety and comments to succeed. WoMen can progress During a recent classification scheme has proved useful in programme reliability. Currently, our stories Harry Edwards harryedwards@ Without role Models David inspection of a defining the expectation of Network Rail and this is achieved almost entirely on online or email laingorourke.com Jowett section of cutting what interventions can be considered. site, with a large workforce toiling your letters to along the Liverpool to Inevitably the transition between away in adverse weather conditions nceedit@emap. Recent emails encouraging me Manchester railway intervention types is not entirely clear cut. The on a highly secure and very remote e nergy to nominate someone for the top I was reminded that this was the world’s first case of heavy cess support provides a good com site. It is little surprise that nuclear tiMe to end the women in engineering awards made inter-city passenger line, opening in 1830. It example. The presence of steel piles will help power stations are currently me reflect that during my 30 year struck me that providing earthwork solutions resist deep seated slope movement, but won’t completed years late and billions of hinkley farce career in civil engineering I have not for Britain’s rail network is unique in terms of necessarily protect against shallow instability pounds over budget. come across any female role models the age of the asset and the various constraints of the embankment flanks. For this, and other Modular precast elements can be The time has surely come to or mentors; however I would like on construction. Unlike other linear assets, scenarios, the project team must weigh up the manufactured in high-tech factories put an end to the farce that is to take the opportunity to publicly there is generally no opportunity for a rebuild benefits in terms of buildability and cost against before transport to site for efficient Hinkley Point C. After goodness thank the people who have taken and works must be carefully planned to limit employing more robust, but expensive options. and reliable construction – this knows how many years of the time and trouble to support and impact on rail operations. Combined with tight To ensure a successful project outcome process begins with design for frustration and procrastination hinkley point: the farce continues guide me during my early career working clearances, extensive electrification client, contractor and designer must manufacture and assembly (DfMA). over its construction, we now and more latterly challenge me to and trackside equipment and the remote collaborate to identify risks and constraints. As Skyscrapers, bridges, houses and find ourselves in the hands of the those from coal, and nearly as much be the best civil engineer I can be. nature of certain sites, you have an extremely new technology becomes available, the railways are already reaping the French government, the Chinese less than from oil, natural gas is the So thank you to Bill Cassano, challenging but rewarding environment. engineer must also embrace innovation to benefits in quality, efficiency, safety government and, hardly believably, most hydrogen-rich of the fossil fuels Frank Oldaker, John Greenwood, Understandably, given budgetary constraints provide robust, value-engineered solutions. and programme that DfMA brings. the French trade unions. Let us and therefore the best of them to use Stan Moore, Nick Gilbert, Ed White, and growing pressures on the railway, the asset Of course this won’t be possible without Can DfMA deliver for the nuclear be clear, the government has put if you care about climate change. George Woods, Keith Robinson management process is now underpinned adequate funding. Given the age of the industry too? Laing O’Rourke, Arup, the future of our main source The Joint Royal Academies’ and John Flett, not to mention the by risk assessment. With around 185,000 infrastructure, I feel future earthwork budgets BRE and Imperial College London of electricity in the hands of report of 2012 is only four years fantastic colleagues it has been my earthwork assets within Network Rail’s control, will need to increase significantly with collaborated on a three year, foreign entities who have no interest old, not “four years out of date” fortune to share the frustrations it is invariably a case of picking your battles to additional focus on monitoring and proactive £2M research project to find out. in our future energy supplies, only as he claims. Subsequent analyses and laughter of civil engineering ensure that critical assets are identified through interventions. Provided this investment is After 200t of reinforced concrete the editor, whether they can make profit from (for example, Scottish Government with. To any young woman who is inspection and monitoring. there, I see no reason why our railways won’t be structures, 20 laboratory strength new civil the subsidised tariffs. Expert Panel in 2014) have considering civil engineering as a The process of choosing the right solution around for another 100 years or until the next tests and four full scale trials we can engineer, A line should be drawn under this confirmed its findings. The Ryedale career I would say it won’t make for a failing earthwork is always a balancing great innovation in public transport arrives. present our results. fiasco, EDF shown the door, and planning permission is simply to you rich, but it is fulfilling and act between technical aspects, buildability and l David Jowett is associate director telephone By prefabricating both Rolls Royce Nuclear commissioned re-stimulate an existing well – a no-one will insist you wear high budget. Network Rail’s most recent earthworks at Byrne Looby house, substructure and superstructure in the national interest to routine task that would previously heels, although when you do it is asset policy provides useful clarification of components, we estimate that 70% 69-77 Paul construct a number of small have been done without further incredibly empowering to tower the earthwork solutions available, classifying of the nuclear civil engineering value Street, london, modular reactors (SMRs) using their ado until the tightening of rules over your colleagues occasionally them as renew, refurbish or maintain. Renewal can be delivered offsite. Time on site ec2A 4nQ proven submarine reactor design. following the Joint Royal Academies’ and remind them just who is in implies significant works to a cutting or was reduced by up to 80%, while email: nceedit@ Rolls Royce has already report. Not a single planning or charge. embankment to reduce the risk of instability. improving reliability and reducing emap.com made such a proposal to the environmental regulation has Karen Young [email protected] The expectation is that these works will be

16 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 17 SPECIAL REPORT Smart Infrastructure

OvERvIEw: ThE RISE Of RObOTICS And dATA CAPTuRE / PAGE 20 hARnESSInG KInETIC EnERGy fROm mOvInG InfRASTRuCTuRE/ PAGE 26 mAChInE COnTROL On ThE A1 wIdEnInG / PAGE 32 wILL RObOTS TAKE EnGInEERS’ jObS? / PAGE 35

AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 19 SPECIAL REPORT Smart Infrastructure

AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 19 We won’t be obsessed with building capacity and resilience, we’ll be “making infrastructure GETTING responsive to the user

time. And with contactless payment, now the concept of a ticket is fast disappearing. “Getting to work” – once a two step process of get on, get off – is now an interactive interplay of apps, route choice, electronic banking, real-time SMARTER feedback and cctv monitoring. More THE RISE OF BIG DATA WILL CHANGE THE WAY data naturally means more choice for passengers… or does it? “It might be positive for consumers, INFRASTRUCTURE IS PLANNED AND MANAGED from the perspective of increased BY ROBERT HENSON choice. But in a world where capacity is strained, and externalities reign supreme, that choice is not always the best outcome,” says TfL director Smart this revolution, radical and systemic of customer experience Shashi change is required now. Verma. Infrastructure KEY FACT One organisation at the vanguard “We base everything we do around of digitisation has been Transport for measuring customer metrics, but the 50bn London (TfL). With more than 5,000 fact is that at 8.45am on a weekday he House of Commons developers now using its open data we cannot provide enough capacity. science and technology Forecast website, about 400 apps have been When I joined TfL 14 years ago, select committee’s Big number of produced that inform operators and London’s population was 7.1M (2002). Data Dilemma report, save commuters untold hours of It is 8.6M today. In 14 years it’s grown published in April, said internet commuting and confusion. 25%.” that 90% of the electronic connected “[Management consultant] Deloitte KPMG director and former Costain data in the world was created in the devices by estimates about £58M/pa is saved, in airports sector director Ross Tlast two years. The total amount of terms of time and other benefi ts. And Agnew is a leading player in asset global data is predicted to grow 40% 2020 it costs us about £1M to make sure management in the UK. He says year on year for the next decade. those data feeds are reliable. So there infrastructure providers need to think By 2020 it is estimated about 50bn is a signifi cant gain there,” says TfL how consumers will respond in an devices will be connected to the £58M head of innovation technical strategy information-rich world. internet, and not just smartphones, Annual and performance Kuldeep Gharatya. “We will start to make but also wearable technology and savings TfL The idea behind the Oyster card fundamentally different decisions other objects. dates back to the 1980s after a about infrastructure. We won’t be Meanwhile, the report says has made seemingly innocuous development: obsessed with building capacity that only 1.7% of European Union through data passenger gates had to be opened and resilience, we’ll be making enterprises make full use of advanced and closed faster to accommodate infrastructure responsive to the digital technologies, while 41% do not digitisation more foot traffi c at underground user, we’ll be thinking about how use them at all. A digital skills gap is stations. From a humble beginning, it changes short term, how it can approaching “crisis levels”, and will Oyster now covers 652 stations, 8,500 respond,” Agnew says. only grow exponentially as big data buses and tracks every movement Operators can now track and reaches further into the economy. of millions of commuters in real respond to crises in real time, It comes as Transport for London’s monitoring customer satisfaction electronic Oyster cards for travel through facial recognition and social around the capital approach their 15th media activity. And as more is learned anniversary; autonomous car trials take about how infrastructure is used, it place around the world; and fi breoptics Nobody might be planned, insured and costed are increasingly on the spec sheet with wants to buy differently. concrete and steel. “The exciting thing about Incremental improvements aside, a ticket, they just technology is about linking many industry leaders believe that customers to infrastructure; it’s not if civil engineering is to capitalise on want to get to work about building more, but structuring 20 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 “ AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 21 We won’t be obsessed with building capacity and resilience, we’ll be “making infrastructure GETTING responsive to the user

As a work culture, things are still very Victorian, but the Qualify to lead same people at home Achieve the world’s most sought “ after professional status will book holidays online, and use RICS is the professional home for commercial managers in infrastructure. Our qualiﬁ cation provides a career path for those working on the commercial management Google Maps freely of infrastructure projects, demonstrating the highest standards of professionalism. As the leading chartered qualiﬁ cation in cost and commercial management, RICS offers: • Professional status it differently,” says Agnew. • Recognition of your proven leadership and strategic credentials But Agnew doesn’t think the • A genuine competitive advantage – increased earnings of £10k per year* industry is structured to respond to • A range of professional development future challenges. • A network of over 118,000 professionals worldwide. “Frankly I think the contractors *RICS and Macdonald & Company UK Rewards & Attitudes Survey 2015 and service industries have failed to respond to the new marketplace. I think it’s time to build the platform, Contact us today: t +44 (0)24 7686 8433 e [email protected] w rics.org/join allow the disruptors in, and build a new marketplace.” As with most revolutions, the young are leading the charge. But Getting to work is at home will book holidays online, “Data analytics can do a lot, but we a developing skills shortage might now an interplay and use Google Maps freely.” need a new type of governance, new mean companies will have to fight for between apps and Drones, augmented reality and business models,” says São Paulo City skilled applicants. route choices driverless cars are now reaching Hall innovation director professor Ciro “Working with schools and a rate of precision that they will Biderman. He leads mobiLab, the city’s universities, asking students whether soon reshape the most mundane of mobility laboratory for open data. they want to work in construction, everyday tasks. “Big players in the market are Designing this is what comes back: we’re not So, when automation becomes trying to find generic, global interested, it’s boring, it’s just concrete commonplace, how much actual solutions,” he says. “I encounter this and stuff,” says Skanska building engineering will be left to do? Mott as a practitioner a lot, they say they information modelling (BIM) and digital MacDonald director Mark Enzer have the magic silver bullet that will technology specialist Niall Kane. believes the nature of the job will solve all your problems. When what “We have a whole generation of inevitably change, as the harvest of you really have is small developers SuDS? hackers and gamers, and that’s the our ”digital abundance” is reaped. making small apps that solve a small, kind of knowledge and skills we really “Data collection was done with simple problem, using whatever data need,” he says. humans with clipboards, but we’ve libraries they can find on the web, MDSuDS Skanska has an ”engineering- migrated up the hierarchy, and will and doing it fast, and pointing to the games platform” that brings hackers, continue to do so as technology best solution.” gamers, estimators and surveyors develops,” says Enzer. Speaking at a metro rail conference together, resulting in video games Further up the hierarchy are in London, Biderman had a go-to list that simulate construction, on-site decisions about regulation and of tips for those wishing to engineer safety and a “how-to” for avoiding governance – how do you maintain the future: To comply with the latest guidance, use the latest software. cable strikes. reliability and remove uncertainty l Ditch large control centres “Those “In one example, students in a transport system, while still big video-walls. It’s nonsense. When must choose building components allowing the rapid pace of innovation? you think “control centre” you think for a classroom, balancing trade- How will governments adapt and centralisation. But everything is offs including protecting the change under radically different moving towards decentralisation – MDSuDS, the new module for MicroDrainage environment, saving costs, or funding models for transport? The smartphones in your pocket.” investing in durability.” question of what infrastructure to l Be aware “Big Data” often means But in the office, Kane says some make “smart”, when, and how much “Big Hype”. “It’s not important how xpsolutions.com/mdsuds in the industry are still dragging their carbon emissions it will create, will much data you have, it’s what you do design with confidence feet.“As a work culture, things are still ultimately be a question of political with that data. The term Smart Cities very Victorian, but the same people will and available resources. is more often than not a way to sell

22 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 Smart Infrastructure Introduction

• STRUCTURAL • ENVIRONMENTAL When you xxxxxxx • GEOTECHNICAL think ‘control • GEOPHYSICAL centre’ you think centralisation. MONITORING But everything is WHEN IT “ MATTERS moving towards decentralisation – smartphones in your pocket

hardware and software, technological products.” l Open your data “If you are serious about data, then you have to be serious about privacy. But my feeling www.soldata.co.uk about this in the field is that you are guarding against something that might happen, while missing out on something much bigger.” Entire houses are being printed in Oyster cards: for professional labour. For some young players in the China, while closer to home there is Generate metrics And despite being potentially market this is all assumed knowledge. research into subsurface robots to which enable proving ruinous for the construction Zipabout technical director Daniel repair potholes and pipe bursts. TfL to forecast industry as we know it, Parvin says The Chick says his company is already “Digital fabrication is going to passenger “rumours of the death of the design professionals using data (including Twitter and change the way we make buildings, movements profession have been overstated”. Facebook posts) on passenger but that’s just the most obvious bit,” “When you think about it, we’re in concrete sentiment to provide business says Wikihouse designer Alastair going to be on a planet with 9bn intelligence for transport companies. Parvin. The Wikihouse is an open people, and we’ve got to wean repair Meanwhile River Tamoor Baig, co- source design program which ourselves off fossil fuels in the same founder of Hack Partners, is pushing enables consumers to create their period. The odds of us running out of All CRA members: PROBLEM 25 a consultancy dedicated to driving own houses which can then be design problems is pretty slim.” 4 Are accredited to innovation within the railways. prefabricated for assembly on site. If there’s one thing that How can mining companies safely He says a major barrier to The leader of the non-profit HackTrain’s Baig and many BS EN ISO 90001 innovation is collection of data, which Wikihouse organisation is attempting other experts agree on, it’s that and BS EN ISO 14001 and efficiently secure the water is often carried out on train services to disrupt the housing industry and infrastructure providers must keep 4 Comply with once every six months. its current “buy, build, borrow and up with the pace of technological resources needed to sustain BS EN 1504 “We run the (train) service 365 bugger off” model, as he calls it. change. future mining operations? days a year, and take a survey on only “We are sharing design solutions as “The ones that stay safe, will 4 Can demonstrate two of them. It’s about collecting the [computer] code – so we’re moving probably over the next 10 to 15 years, a proven track record data more regularly, then passing it away from a system where the same lose market share, not realising where and capability back up for them (passengers), as problems are being solved again and or how it happened.” N and when it’s usable for them.” again.” 4 Comply with the If you want to know how Baig quoted examples of Netflix The Wikihouse model allows CRA’s stringent and Über as notable successes, which unskilled users to design and build a codes of practice #AskFugro have overturned business models home, inputting elements like cost, (including in some cases, their own) dimensions weight, environmental We are moving A member of: at breakneck speed. impact into easy-to-use software. into a different Get it right “The lack of fear, and the speed The design then gets sent out Get a professional www.fugro.com/ask at which they did that, was a reason to manufacturers, often in small why they’ve done well,” says Baig. factories or home garages. Then world. We are not Insist on CRA Open-source data, 3D printing and the “digital lego” or “mother of all talking about digital www.cra.org.uk advances in BIM also change the Ikea kits” is brought together and way infrastructure is constructed. assembled on-site, without the need “pieces of paper 24 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 Smart Infrastructure Introduction

hardware and software, technological products.” l Open your data “If you are serious about data, then you have to be serious about privacy. But my feeling www.soldata.co.uk about this in the field is that you are guarding against something that might happen, while missing out on something much bigger.” Entire houses are being printed in Oyster cards: for professional labour. For some young players in the China, while closer to home there is Generate metrics And despite being potentially market this is all assumed knowledge. research into subsurface robots to which enable proving ruinous for the construction Zipabout technical director Daniel repair potholes and pipe bursts. TfL to forecast industry as we know it, Parvin says The Chick says his company is already “Digital fabrication is going to passenger “rumours of the death of the design professionals using data (including Twitter and change the way we make buildings, movements profession have been overstated”. Facebook posts) on passenger but that’s just the most obvious bit,” “When you think about it, we’re in concrete sentiment to provide business says Wikihouse designer Alastair going to be on a planet with 9bn intelligence for transport companies. Parvin. The Wikihouse is an open people, and we’ve got to wean repair Meanwhile River Tamoor Baig, co- source design program which ourselves off fossil fuels in the same founder of Hack Partners, is pushing enables consumers to create their period. The odds of us running out of All CRA members: PROBLEM 25 a consultancy dedicated to driving own houses which can then be design problems is pretty slim.” 4 Are accredited to innovation within the railways. prefabricated for assembly on site. If there’s one thing that How can mining companies safely He says a major barrier to The leader of the non-profit HackTrain’s Baig and many BS EN ISO 90001 innovation is collection of data, which Wikihouse organisation is attempting other experts agree on, it’s that and BS EN ISO 14001 and efficiently secure the water is often carried out on train services to disrupt the housing industry and infrastructure providers must keep 4 Comply with once every six months. its current “buy, build, borrow and up with the pace of technological resources needed to sustain BS EN 1504 “We run the (train) service 365 bugger off” model, as he calls it. change. future mining operations? days a year, and take a survey on only “We are sharing design solutions as “The ones that stay safe, will 4 Can demonstrate two of them. It’s about collecting the [computer] code – so we’re moving probably over the next 10 to 15 years, a proven track record data more regularly, then passing it away from a system where the same lose market share, not realising where and capability back up for them (passengers), as problems are being solved again and or how it happened.” N and when it’s usable for them.” again.” 4 Comply with the If you want to know how Baig quoted examples of Netflix The Wikihouse model allows CRA’s stringent and Über as notable successes, which unskilled users to design and build a codes of practice #AskFugro have overturned business models home, inputting elements like cost, (including in some cases, their own) dimensions weight, environmental We are moving A member of: at breakneck speed. impact into easy-to-use software. Get it right “The lack of fear, and the speed The design then gets sent out into a different Get a professional www.fugro.com/ask at which they did that, was a reason to manufacturers, often in small why they’ve done well,” says Baig. factories or home garages. Then world. We are not Insist on CRA Open-source data, 3D printing and the “digital lego” or “mother of all talking about digital www.cra.org.uk advances in BIM also change the Ikea kits” is brought together and way infrastructure is constructed. assembled on-site, without the need “pieces of paper 24 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 Good vibes: Fixing the harvester xxxxxxxx to the Forth Road Bridge

BUILDING A BETTER FUTURE

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ibration-powered wireless monitoring technology has the potential to enable maintenance MACHINE free, autonomous measurement of the behaviour of structuralV elements of infrastructure. Backers are hoping the technology will reduce costs of obtaining masses of data, useful for managing capacity, maintenance and safety. The potential is vast: cars, jet engines, bridges, sewers are right now expelling untold amounts of FEEDER kinetic energy. And the process to collect this VIBRATION ENERGY HARVESTERS TO POWER energy seems simple at ﬁ rst glance: cantilevers, transducers, capacitors THE NEXT INFRASTRUCTURE SENSORS and wireless transmitters. “What’s changed is the BY ROBERT HENSON convergence of technology,” says Ashwin Seshia, head of sensors research for Cambridge University’s department of engineering’s Centre

26 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 Good vibes: Fixing the harvester xxxxxxxx to the Forth Road Bridge

BUILDING A BETTER FUTURE

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Smart Infrastructure ibration-powered wireless monitoring technology has the potential to enable maintenance MACHINE free, autonomous measurement of the behaviour of structuralV elements of infrastructure. Backers are hoping the technology will reduce costs of obtaining masses of data, useful for managing capacity, maintenance and safety. The potential is vast: cars, jet engines, bridges, sewers are right now expelling untold amounts of FEEDER kinetic energy. And the process to collect this VIBRATION ENERGY HARVESTERS TO POWER energy seems simple at ﬁ rst glance: cantilevers, transducers, capacitors THE NEXT INFRASTRUCTURE SENSORS and wireless transmitters. “What’s changed is the BY ROBERT HENSON convergence of technology,” says Ashwin Seshia, head of sensors research for Cambridge University’s department of engineering’s Centre

26 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 Smart Infrastructure Vibration Energy Travelling further for the rail industry energy can get conventional results. the dream to create a fully self- In areas of To generate more power, Dr Seshia sustaining sensor system becomes The Allround Bridging System has been investigating “parametric a reality. Seshia says the functions very high resonance”. requiring the highest energy usages, One way to imagine parametric or about 10 milliWatts, would be temperature, with resonance is playing on a swing in sending information and local From a footbridge spanning up to 30m to a heavy load support girder – linking the park. Rocking back and forth computing. safety, speed & versatile assembly with proven back-up & experience, every time. plenty of vibration will drive the natural harmonic Once the energy is harvested oscillation. But the swing can also be it must be stored. This can be a available, no access parametrically driven by alternately challenge for batteries as, ideally, “ standing and squatting at key points sensors would be installed for years to sunlight, no large in the swing arc. This changes or decades at a time. temperature gradients, moment of inertia of the swing and “You do run out of competing hence the resonance frequency, requirements in terms of sensing energy harvesting and the person on the swing can requirements and available energy to quickly reach larger amplitudes, so use…. potentially you do want them is of interest harnessing parametric resonances deployed for a long time, that’s when ought to be able to generate more batteries become very expensive. energy. And if you’ve got monitoring in areas Layher UK [email protected] www.layher.co.uk Research is going on to reduce that are remote, hard to access, in a Layher Ireland [email protected] www.layher.ie for Smart Infrastructure and the size of the devices from harsh environment, you want to have Construction (CSIC). “Particularly the about 200,000mm3 to a micro a ‘fit and forget solution’.” convergence of low power sensors electromechanical system (MEMS) Despite the challenges, the CSIC is The past, present and future of system scaffolding and wireless technology to collect scale: about the size of a computer already capitalising on what is a rapid 3 data, aggregate and make decisions microprocessor, or 1,000mm . The growth industry. The programme has Z-8.22.64 and Z-8-22-64.1 07 P VGS-L 10 FS 554413 Approved Training Provider for large-length time scales for research could allow for huge gains created a handful of patents and spin- monitoring city-scale infrastructure.” in the efficiency of vibration energy off companies.

CSIC was founded in 2011 to generation. “There are very active academic 4829 Layher NCE HP Railway Ad 186x110 SDAW.indd 1 28/06/2016 17:26 attract grants, push research, and “At the MEMs scale at the moment communities, organising a lot of importantly, apply the findings to we have a device that generates events, networking events, from small industry. about 15 microWatts for a 100mm2 scale workshops to international 1 Day Technical Seminar & Exhibition Space “We’ve been particularly targeting chip, with designs established last conferences, and we share a lot of our transportation, or sensor nodes in year. There’s work to increase that ideas very regularly,” Seshia says. Evolving closed locations, where access to to about 1 milliWatt peak (1,000 Spin-off Perpetuum has installed ® sunlight isn’t available, in London microWatts).” sensors underneath Southeastern Concrete Underground tunnels for instance, At this rate of size to power ratio Railway carriages to monitor bearing or where there are large temperature gradients,” says Seshia. “For instance on a bridge, there VIBRATION ENERGY HARVESTING Join us for a day of talks covering: are a lot of monitoring locations of H O W I T W O RKS PERFORMANCE, SPECIFICATION interest: you have vibration induced by traffic, response to wind, different EXTERNAL ENERGY EXTERNAL CONVERSION CAPTURE CIRCUIT LOAD CIRCUIT AND PRACTICE types of loading. This can be quite Followed by an optional evening dinner. Top substantial, in many cases it’s the electrode most plentiful source of ambient Sensor energy around that you can Regulation and actuator scavenge from.” Storage Bottom Battery KEYNOTE SPEAKERS Explaining how the harvester electrode Stephen Hodder Immediate Past President RIBA works, Seshia says it must be tuned Vibration Piezoelectric Celebrating Concrete; unlimited opportunities –an architect’s view to vibrations, which differ depending in structure layer Alan Crossman Current President of IStructE on the source. Challenge your team to 26 miles The Evolving Future. Personal viewpoints from an IStructE President Magnet + “This is typically limited to certain 2 Movement Piezoelectric 3 The AC current on foot, bike and canoe. types of monitoring scenario, for of the inertial layer is captured and careinternational.org.uk/nce mass across the Inertial converted to DC example a pump driven by a fixed mass Electrical 24 September 2016 020 7091 6111 20th October 2016 magnets induces load to power self frequency motor, in that case the current in the sustaining, Rutland Water, East Midlands [email protected] Royal Berkshire Conference Centre piezoelectric transmitting structural vibrations are stuck at a layer Electrodes sensors Madejski Stadium, Reading, certain frequency. Or if the structural Berkshire, RG2 0FL frequencies of a bridge don’t change - much, you can optimise for that.” 1 Vibration in structure Registered charity number: 292506 Visit: www.evolving-concrete.org But conventional resonant- Vibration causes movement in the Magnet cantilever transducer approaches to scavenging kinetic

28 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 Smart Infrastructure Vibration Energy Travelling further for the rail industry energy can get conventional results. the dream to create a fully self- In areas of To generate more power, Dr Seshia sustaining sensor system becomes The Allround Bridging System has been investigating “parametric a reality. Seshia says the functions very high resonance”. requiring the highest energy usages, One way to imagine parametric or about 10 milliWatts, would be temperature, with resonance is playing on a swing in sending information and local From a footbridge spanning up to 30m to a heavy load support girder – linking the park. Rocking back and forth computing. safety, speed & versatile assembly with proven back-up & experience, every time. plenty of vibration will drive the natural harmonic Once the energy is harvested oscillation. But the swing can also be it must be stored. This can be a available, no access parametrically driven by alternately challenge for batteries as, ideally, “ standing and squatting at key points sensors would be installed for years to sunlight, no large in the swing arc. This changes or decades at a time. temperature gradients, moment of inertia of the swing and “You do run out of competing hence the resonance frequency, requirements in terms of sensing energy harvesting and the person on the swing can requirements and available energy to quickly reach larger amplitudes, so use…. potentially you do want them is of interest harnessing parametric resonances deployed for a long time, that’s when ought to be able to generate more batteries become very expensive. energy. And if you’ve got monitoring in areas Layher UK [email protected] www.layher.co.uk Research is going on to reduce that are remote, hard to access, in a Layher Ireland [email protected] www.layher.ie for Smart Infrastructure and the size of the devices from harsh environment, you want to have Construction (CSIC). “Particularly the about 200,000mm3 to a micro a ‘fit and forget solution’.” convergence of low power sensors electromechanical system (MEMS) Despite the challenges, the CSIC is The past, present and future of system scaffolding and wireless technology to collect scale: about the size of a computer already capitalising on what is a rapid 3 data, aggregate and make decisions microprocessor, or 1,000mm . The growth industry. The programme has Z-8.22.64 and Z-8-22-64.1 07 P VGS-L 10 FS 554413 Approved Training Provider for large-length time scales for research could allow for huge gains created a handful of patents and spin- monitoring city-scale infrastructure.” in the efficiency of vibration energy off companies.

28 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 SmartSmart InfrastructureInfrastructure VibrationVibration Energyenergy Serious about Alltask are Scaffolding, Encapsulation and Asbestos Removal Specialists working with main contractors 360˚Solutions on Europe’s largest civil and infrastructure projects. We’re looking at reliability Smart infraS tructure view and lifetime in a lot Serious about Serious about 360° more detail, with more 360° Design Collaboration “deployments Customer foCus, maintenance. There is another company being set up, but it’s ‘hush Borough Market Thameslink Crossrail hush’ right now, says Seshia. Digital railway “The company’s still in what we call ‘stealth mode’ so I can’t provide CO details of what it’s doing. It should be LL N AB launched in a few months’ time with a IG O S R website and the detail that’s publicly With passenger Siemens is now starting to invest in finding and E A T D FOLD available at that point. journey numbers developing innovative approaches to respond to AF IN I SC G O

But he can reveal that the continuing to this challenge. A

B company is looking into road increase dramatically At the same time, we must also develop other N

vehicles: notorious consumers and across all modes of ways of optimising performance, including closer M KnowNow™ Management System Oﬃcial provider of scaffolding for London 2012

integration of control systems. distributors of energy. transport, operators L

Y M U

“In areas of very high temperature, must meet the Having signalling and control systems in the

O C

with plenty of vibration available, challenge of this same room as telecoms, public address and CM N

nick S N

no access to sunlight, no large growing demand passenger information is not necessarily new,

S I

Dunne

T V

temperature gradients, energy while delivering safe, but the additional integration of systems such

N harvesting is of interest. comfortable, fast and as closed-circuit television, lifts, escalators,

T S Dr Seshia says the research could efficient journeys. ventilation, power distribution and traction CMY play a part in the development in Central to this challenge in the rail sector is control systems is. Our systems bring all such automated vehicles which will require the development of the digital railway, with functions to a small number of multi-headed K more data and more sensors. the development of modern signalling and workstations, allowing operational savings Crossrail at Canary Wharf Station Lee Tunnel The company has also talked with communication systems integral to its success. through more efficient use of staff and more rapid aerospace companies interested in However, the solution doesn’t simply rely and effective response to unplanned events. applying sensors to jet engines. on introducing infrastructure improvements. Modern railways are a complex combination “These are currently wired up, Because the world isn’t simply a model of of systems working together. Many of these can but every kilogramme of cabling you clean, clear variables with defined interactions, operate automatically to set routes, regulate add on an aircraft is adding litres of human factors also have to be considered; trains and make decisions about passenger fuel. There are plenty of vibrations trains move people around and people interact flow, but performance and costs of the whole available, thousands of Gs’ force, so with one another. Commuters and tourists are system are optimised when they are fully Serious about Serious about we could be looking at these sorts of very different customers, all of whom behave integrated. This involves clear and detailed 360° Systems 360° Service systems that are entirely self-powered differently whether it’s sunny, cold or raining. system engineering to ensure information is and operated in an environment Having a signalling system and high- available to all systems that need it, including where it’s hard to get batteries to performance trains capable of achieving a the operators who need support to make work because of the temperature high-capacity service won’t help if a passenger’s decisions quickly and efficiently. conditions.” umbrella gets stuck in the doors, or if escalators As equipment manufacturers, we are making On how much the devices cost, and stairways get congested and people can’t strides in the development of new signalling Alltask are leading the way in scaffolding and asbestos For early contractor engagement with Seshia offers a tight-lipped “no quickly move off the platform. This problem is and control systems, trains, traction and removal service standards. Our innovative systematic access design for Major Projects contact comment”. But it will ultimately be increasing as ridership rises to a point where environmental control systems, but it is only approach, collaborative methodology, 24 years of experience [email protected] or on 07837 188717 market-driven, with the customer the entire system of trains, platforms and when we consider how these systems work combined with a new ﬂeet, new facilities and in-house design likely to pay for data, rather than stations approaches saturation. together, and design them to do so, that we electronics. So understanding how people behave and then start to deliver systems that can move people team make us the ﬁrst choice for many of the UK’s portfolio “Perpetuum doesn’t sell its predicting and responding to those behaviours around; not just trains. major civil and infrastructure projects. harvester as a separate component, is an area where mobile technology and data- l Nick Dunne, is technology director at they sell the data as part of an farming can start to be used. Engineers can then Siemens Rail Automation integrated monitoring solution. be better informed about the design of systems “They deploy it and then sell the to respond to such factors. Along with other ® data to the railway companies,” he companies, industry stakeholders and academia, explains. N Safety Campaign www.alltask.co.uk 30 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 SmartSmart InfrastructureInfrastructure VibrationVibration Energyenergy Serious about Alltask are Scaffolding, Encapsulation and Asbestos Removal Specialists working with main contractors 360˚Solutions on Europe’s largest civil and infrastructure projects. We’re looking at reliability Smart infraS tructure view and lifetime in a lot Serious about Serious about 360° more detail, with more 360° Design Collaboration “deployments Customer foCus, maintenance. There is another company being set up, but it’s ‘hush Borough Market Thameslink Crossrail hush’ right now, says Seshia. Digital railway “The company’s still in what we call ‘stealth mode’ so I can’t provide CO details of what it’s doing. It should be LL N AB launched in a few months’ time with a IG O S R website and the detail that’s publicly With passenger Siemens is now starting to invest in finding and E A T D FOLD available at that point. journey numbers developing innovative approaches to respond to AF IN I SC G O

But he can reveal that the continuing to this challenge. A

B company is looking into road increase dramatically At the same time, we must also develop other N

vehicles: notorious consumers and across all modes of ways of optimising performance, including closer M KnowNow™ Management System Oﬃcial provider of scaffolding for London 2012

integration of control systems. distributors of energy. transport, operators L

Y M U

“In areas of very high temperature, must meet the Having signalling and control systems in the

O C

with plenty of vibration available, challenge of this same room as telecoms, public address and CM N

nick S N

no access to sunlight, no large growing demand passenger information is not necessarily new,

S I

Dunne

T V

temperature gradients, energy while delivering safe, but the additional integration of systems such

N harvesting is of interest. comfortable, fast and as closed-circuit television, lifts, escalators,

T S Dr Seshia says the research could efficient journeys. ventilation, power distribution and traction CMY play a part in the development in Central to this challenge in the rail sector is control systems is. Our systems bring all such automated vehicles which will require the development of the digital railway, with functions to a small number of multi-headed K more data and more sensors. the development of modern signalling and workstations, allowing operational savings Crossrail at Canary Wharf Station Lee Tunnel The company has also talked with communication systems integral to its success. through more efficient use of staff and more rapid aerospace companies interested in However, the solution doesn’t simply rely and effective response to unplanned events. applying sensors to jet engines. on introducing infrastructure improvements. Modern railways are a complex combination “These are currently wired up, Because the world isn’t simply a model of of systems working together. Many of these can but every kilogramme of cabling you clean, clear variables with defined interactions, operate automatically to set routes, regulate add on an aircraft is adding litres of human factors also have to be considered; trains and make decisions about passenger fuel. There are plenty of vibrations trains move people around and people interact flow, but performance and costs of the whole available, thousands of Gs’ force, so with one another. Commuters and tourists are system are optimised when they are fully Serious about Serious about we could be looking at these sorts of very different customers, all of whom behave integrated. This involves clear and detailed 360° Systems 360° Service systems that are entirely self-powered differently whether it’s sunny, cold or raining. system engineering to ensure information is and operated in an environment Having a signalling system and high- available to all systems that need it, including where it’s hard to get batteries to performance trains capable of achieving a the operators who need support to make work because of the temperature high-capacity service won’t help if a passenger’s decisions quickly and efficiently. conditions.” umbrella gets stuck in the doors, or if escalators As equipment manufacturers, we are making On how much the devices cost, and stairways get congested and people can’t strides in the development of new signalling Alltask are leading the way in scaffolding and asbestos For early contractor engagement with Seshia offers a tight-lipped “no quickly move off the platform. This problem is and control systems, trains, traction and removal service standards. Our innovative systematic access design for Major Projects contact comment”. But it will ultimately be increasing as ridership rises to a point where environmental control systems, but it is only approach, collaborative methodology, 24 years of experience [email protected] or on 07837 188717 market-driven, with the customer the entire system of trains, platforms and when we consider how these systems work combined with a new ﬂeet, new facilities and in-house design likely to pay for data, rather than stations approaches saturation. together, and design them to do so, that we electronics. So understanding how people behave and then start to deliver systems that can move people team make us the ﬁrst choice for many of the UK’s portfolio “Perpetuum doesn’t sell its predicting and responding to those behaviours around; not just trains. major civil and infrastructure projects. harvester as a separate component, is an area where mobile technology and data- l Nick Dunne, is technology director at they sell the data as part of an farming can start to be used. Engineers can then Siemens Rail Automation integrated monitoring solution. be better informed about the design of systems “They deploy it and then sell the to respond to such factors. Along with other ® data to the railway companies,” he companies, industry stakeholders and academia, explains. N Safety Campaign www.alltask.co.uk 30 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 Widening A1 - UPGRADE the A1 using machine control across the entire site BARTON Barton Junction

New local Symmetrical Remote access road widening A66 MIDDLETON TYAS

Scotch Corner

Junction CTIO N S E Asymmetrical widening. Existing southbound becomes part of new A1 northbound contRol NORT H InFo tecH boosts eFFIcIency on tHe

A1 leemIng to bARton wIdenIng Existing northbound de-trunked to BY KATHERINE SMALE become local access road

BROMPTON- ON- Asymmetrical widening SWALE to the east. Existing A1 becomes River northbound Swale New motorway trial on the previous phase of the move around 3M.m3 of muck. Cuttings the project. “Even the old hands, after grade-separated junction SECTIO N Smart project. up to 9m deep have been created to a matter of hours, know what they’re PROJECT THE A1 WIdENING “It’s a culture on this project to high surface tolerances while other doing and by the end of the week they Catterick Central

Infrastrucure TRAL TEAM embrace technology,” says the JV’s areas are being filled with the excess don’t want anything else.” Junction planning manager Tom Stanton. material. The sensors on the plant Work on the £380M scheme, Carillion Morgan Sindall JV survey round the country, The system works by installing have also been used to lay all of the which includes £268M of manager Keith Kemp-Dillon adds that CATTERICK CE N construction sites are Client sensors on the plant equipment, layers of the pavement from the construction cost, started in the operators can now take more Existing A1 de-trunked changing. The days Highways for example, on a bucket of an sub base, through to the blacktop March 2014. Completion is control of their work and therefore to local access road of pegging out key excavator. These sensors send which comprises a base, binder have the systems in place to ensure planned for spring 2017. New A1 motorway points of a building or England accurate data about the plant’s and final surface course. Graders all fi les containing design information o -line a road are numbered location and combine it with the fitted with GPS were used to trim the It comprise a southern, central are the most up to date versions. This and pins are being phased out with 3D building information model and surface courses giving a high level makes the process more effi cient. Contractor and northern section. machinesA rising up to take up the survey models. This is then used by of accuracy on the horizontal and The southern and northern “The operators aren’t relying on challenge. Carillion- the plant’s operator to work more vertical axes. sections are being widened either someone to come and set it out for So-called “machine control” is now Morgan accurately and more efficiently. Up to Such is the demand for the new with one new lane on either side them, as long as they have the correct creeping onto site and if you do not date 3D models can be sent directly technology, that new plant leaving fi les then they’ve got everything they Symmetrical of the existing road or by building widening know about the technology – you Sindall JV to the screen in the cab without a factories of the principle industry two new lanes to one side and need to continue,” he says. should. piece of paper in sight. players is now fitted with brackets moving the central reservation Files are transmitted to the plant on

The use of machine control is no All of the plant on the A1 project as standard to allow the system of to give three lanes on the non- site via radio signal and, in addition, Newly constructed H SECTIO N JV designer o -line T better demonstrated than on the is fitted with such sensors and choice to be easily attached. Older widened side. In the central to the main base stations, special local access road £380M A1 widening project between Aecom/ GPS technology. Here, dozers and plant can also be retrofitted with the section, the road is being realigned repeater units have been installed at Leeming and Barton, south of excavators, fitted with Trimble necessary equipment to carry the key locations to ensure that there is SO U Grontmij and the existing road detrunked. A1 Darlington. This last remaining 20km machine control, have been used to new technology. As of early July, the northern good coverage across the site. long section of dual carriageway on (Sweco) When it comes to the operators section is 70% complete, the “You do get radio interference, but the main road connecting Scotland who use the plant on a daily basis, central section is 75% complete we’ve put additional repeater units in to the south of England is being the new technology has been and the south section is 87% and the two base stations at Leeming Leeming Junction transformed into a three lane We’re confident embraced, even by those who might complete. The works are complex and at Scotch Corner have got their motorway in a long awaited upgrade. traditionally be thought to prefer with construction affecting 61 own unique [telecoms regulator] New local access road Here, specialist global positioning that we’re conventional techniques. structures. They include building Ofcom-approved licenses so they get New dual three system (GPS) 3D technology has “In terms of the operators on less interference,” says Kemp-Dillon. 13 new structures and demolishing lane motorway been embraced across the whole achieving sub site, there’s a good mix of old and 13. There is 125km of drainage, The system works to improve of the project by joint venture (JV) millimetre accuracy new,” says Sitech heavy civils sales 3M.m3 earthworks and 625,000t the accuracy of the work while it is contractors Carillion and Morgan consultant Peter Brooks. Sitech of road surfacing. being carried out, and also improves 1km N Sindall after an extremely successful “between the stations supplies the Trimble equipment to checking accuracy. 32 new civil engineer | August 2016 AUGUST 2016 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 33 Widening A1 - UPGRADE the A1 using machine control across the entire site BARTON Barton Junction

New local Symmetrical Remote access road widening A66 MIDDLETON TYAS

Scotch Corner

Junction CTIO N S E Asymmetrical widening. Existing southbound becomes part of new A1 northbound contRol NORT H InFo tecH boosts eFFIcIency on tHe

A1 leemIng to bARton wIdenIng Existing northbound de-trunked to BY KATHERINE SMALE become local access road

The use of machine control is no All of the plant on the A1 project as standard to allow the system of to give three lanes on the non- site via radio signal and, in addition, Newly constructed H SECTIO N JV designer o -line T better demonstrated than on the is fitted with such sensors and choice to be easily attached. Older widened side. In the central to the main base stations, special local access road £380M A1 widening project between Aecom/ GPS technology. Here, dozers and plant can also be retrofitted with the section, the road is being realigned repeater units have been installed at Leeming and Barton, south of excavators, fitted with Trimble necessary equipment to carry the key locations to ensure that there is SO U Grontmij and the existing road detrunked. A1 Darlington. This last remaining 20km machine control, have been used to new technology. As of early July, the northern good coverage across the site. long section of dual carriageway on (Sweco) When it comes to the operators section is 70% complete, the “You do get radio interference, but the main road connecting Scotland who use the plant on a daily basis, central section is 75% complete we’ve put additional repeater units in to the south of England is being the new technology has been and the south section is 87% and the two base stations at Leeming Leeming Junction transformed into a three lane We’re confident embraced, even by those who might complete. The works are complex and at Scotch Corner have got their motorway in a long awaited upgrade. traditionally be thought to prefer with construction affecting 61 own unique [telecoms regulator] New local access road Here, specialist global positioning that we’re conventional techniques. structures. They include building Ofcom-approved licenses so they get New dual three system (GPS) 3D technology has “In terms of the operators on less interference,” says Kemp-Dillon. 13 new structures and demolishing lane motorway been embraced across the whole achieving sub site, there’s a good mix of old and 13. There is 125km of drainage, The system works to improve of the project by joint venture (JV) millimetre accuracy new,” says Sitech heavy civils sales 3M.m3 earthworks and 625,000t the accuracy of the work while it is contractors Carillion and Morgan consultant Peter Brooks. Sitech of road surfacing. being carried out, and also improves 1km N Sindall after an extremely successful “between the stations supplies the Trimble equipment to checking accuracy. 32 new civil engineer | August 2016 AUGUST 2016 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 33 Smart Infrastructure A1 Leeming to Barton Smart Infrastructure Robots

Kemp-Dillon says that to check an area, the machine control GPS 360°VIdEO antenna can simply be removed Six GoPro video cameras secured to a pole record a 360° and replaced with a prism. This view of the site, which can then be used to train site can then be used in conjunction operators and for logistics planning with a total station via a radio link to give millimetre accuracy of work completed. Brooks also points out that the frequency with which the works are AuTOMATIC NuMBER PLATE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY checked is also increased. This allows Jobs for the model to be updated and changes Used predominantly by the police, it enables the which are required to be implemented contractor to allow only recognised vehicles to enter site faster and more smoothly. “You’re now controlling that model every centimetre of its distance rather than two guys pulling a string ELECTRIC CAR CHARGING POINTS line of 10m chainage – what’s in between those 10m is anybody’s The project has four in use all day, every day guess,” explains Brooks. “Now it’s the toys checking it 20 times a second and comparing it to the models and Can engineers be replaCed by robots? making fine changes.” BY Ro B e R t Henson But there is still a way to go to maximise the efficiency of the system, FINGER PRINT RECOGNITION says Carillion Morgan Sindall JV construction manager Ashley White. Tech A1: New It might sound a little bit 007, but the team has also obots currently Let’s be civil: are good at interacting, stakeholder Anything He points out that as the pace of installed a finger print recognition system for authorised do a lot of jobs – Honda’s Asimo management, talking with other change has overtaken the standards, personnel to get access to the site offices vacuuming your floor, robot can recognise humans,” Enzer says. that can designs are still not where they manufacturing your car, faces and interact But as artificial intelligence should be. counting your change at with gestures improves, higher order skills such as be automated, “The standards haven’t kept the supermarket – but design could be under threat. pace with technology,” says White. TABLET dEVICES could they do your job? “Ultimately, decision-making will will be automated “We’re now trying to shoehorn new A 2014 study from Deloitte and also be done by machines. That In the reception area these give an overview of the R technology into old standards. Oxford University found 35% of doesn’t mean there won’t be a role for project and relevant safety information and allow visitors “To fully use the potential of this today’s jobs have a high chance of humans anymore, it just means the money spent and customers. to browse who is who on site. All personnel are listed with “ technology, those standards need being automated. The study found nature of the task changes.” “There are lots of ways to do a photo and short synopsis of their role on the project. A revising. Only then will you get full jobs needing creative, technical and As robots take more of the basic this: reward the supply chain on a Facebook for site if you will efficiency out of the machines.” interpersonal skills are seen as the and mundane tasks away from percentage of savings made – that’s Despite this, the benefits of using safest roles. humans, reducing the necessary easy where there are energy savings. the system could not be clearer to the ELECTRONIC SNAGGING dOCuMENT One thing the experts agree on is hours and work required, the very Or it could be based on an allocation team on site. Kemp-Dillon says that Snags and problems on site are geographically linked that while civil engineers might have idea of “labour” will also change. of value, so for example, a reduced the vertical tolerances on the build and tagged in an electronic snagging document, allowing more breathing room, they are far This new digital world could mean a time of travel, or increase in certainty up of the different layers is able to be the history of an area to be brought up at the touch of a from immune. revolution in remuneration. of time for travel.” far tighter than the allowable range button “I think we can work “In the past, ‘hours spent’ was a “If you reward the supply chain on leading to a far more precise job. from the assumption good proxy for value… but in the those measures, they are aligned with “We’re permitted to have a [vertical] that anything that can digital world, the divergence between what you really want.” tolerance on the sub base of +10mm be automated, will be ‘value added’, and ‘hours spent’ is And creating this new customer- to -30mm,” says Kemp-Dillon. “On this “PERSONAL SHIELdS” automated,” says Mott becoming too unsustainable,” says focused model will require data. Lots project we’ve actually targeted 0mm to Plant is equipped with a new “personal shield” system. I f MacDonald director Mark Enzer. of it. If there’s one piece of advice +10mm on the sub base and generally a worker strays into the path of a machine, it is instantly Enzer. “So we have a choice, Enzer believes engineers of the Enzer wishes to pass on, it is: grab all we’ve achieved this tolerance without disabled and a warning is sent to the driver whether we do that ourselves, or wait future will need to maintain and of the data you can, and hold on to it. very much effort.” until somebody does it to us.” interconnect infrastructure assets, “The cost of storing data has gone Brooks says that this degree of So what can be done to prepare? rather than grow them. from $700,000 per gigabyte in 1981 to accuracy leads to a consistent finish With machines left to more menial “There is an increased focus 4c per gigabyte today. with the rideability as good as is tasks, humans can play to their on whole asset life management, “It’s good to go and search for the possible. LIVE TRAFFIC strengths, which increasingly appear customers, and outcomes. This data you need, in order to solve your Stanton agrees, “When you drive up Use of technology extends to live traffic using the A1 to be human-to-human skills. leads to a very different notion of problems. But it’s also handy to just and down there, you can tell it’s been during the widening work. In some areas, the second lane “Humans are definitely not as good value,” he says. collect all the data anyway, there’s no done with machine control. It really is is narrowed, with heavy goods vehicles banned to allow [as robots] at plugging numbers Enzer says this new value notion need to throw it away, because it’s so a beautiful bit of road.” N the extension works to be carried out into spreadsheets… But humans will create a closer link between cheap, and one day it will be useful.”

34 new civil engineer | August 2016 new civil engineer | August 2016 35 Smart Infrastructure A1 Leeming to Barton Smart Infrastructure Robots

34 new civil engineer | August 2016 new civil engineer | August 2016 35 ADVERTISING Project Pro le FEATURE

Amey Smart Infrastructure

team was formed in 2014. Since it Left: Rick But while some projects are what reached its present size last year, it Robinson he describes as “top-down”, driven has assessed 160 of what it terms by government and often publicly “candidate ideas”, which can be either funded, Robinson is equally excited internal or client-based projects about projects that are developed by involving technology or data. Of small businesses and communities these, the team has carried out or is themselves. carrying out around 20, with another Amey is working in Plymouth 10 in “active development”. with Design for Social Change, a An example of how one of these company which is carrying out a projects is helping a local authority programme to attempt to improve partner can be found in Staffordshire, local infrastructure, with a particular where Amey is working with the emphasis on cycling, by engaging county council and its utilities and with local people on social media Our markets telecoms providers using a “smart city and encouraging them to share platform” to coordinate streetworks information, ideas and data. create an between organisations. “To me that’s a great project as it The project is all about collecting demonstrates what happens when a incentive for us to data to help the council run its big company like us shares ideas and services better. challenges with the entrepreneurial invest in technology, “This means we can visualise the businesses and communities.” impact of our work and minimise Robinson believes that central to be competitive, the impact on the public,” enthuses government should also play a part in “ Robinson. “All of that directly creates helping drive the smart infrastructure to be e ective and cost efficiencies in streetworks, agenda, but this again requires a focus to keep our reduces the impact of disruption on outcomes. “In our conversations and, even more, we now have a whole with government we need to raise customers happy load of data about what’s going on in the economic argument about Staffordshire that we’re sharing with what the impact of technology is. If anything was likely to convince the persistent, multiply deprived areas just Cities: smart uneasy marriage” of two ideas born in underpin smarter infrastructure and the council and with local people and Then you can talk to people who market about the seriousness with outside the centre, which is also where infrastructure the mid 1990s: digital infrastructure make them palatable in a necessarily businesses.” are thinking seriously about things which Amey views the development you have highest concentration of can help improve and smart communities, both of which commercial environment. Amey is also involved in the UK like the devolution agenda and how of smart infrastructure, then the transport infrastructure,” he explains. quality of life began to arise in the early days of the “The challenging thing is it’s hard to Atomic Energy Authority’s self- that can be used to drive intelligent recruitment of Rick Robinson as its “That infrastructure was built in the internet. make a business case out of it,” says driving vehicle project being piloted infrastructure.” IT director must be it. interest of the city centre and not of Two decades on, Robinson says Robinson. “If you take these ideas to in Oxfordshire, alongside Oxford But while the money and the people who live next door to it. the question that any organisation a bank and they ask about return on University’s mobile robotics group motivation might have to come from Robinson, who joined to lead Amey’s “For me the point is that if we thinking about smarter infrastructure investment then it’s a really difficult Oxbotica. Robinson believes projects government, the ideas that can drive smart data and technology team 18 don’t get technology infrastructure must face up to is disarmingly question to answer. such as this can help Amey better better, smarter infrastructure should months ago, first began programming right in the city, real people will be simple: “Are we talking about just “The reason I joined Amey is serve its partners in the future. be driven by the entrepreneurial computers at the age of 10 and his affected. We can’t just do it in the technology, or are we talking about that the business model fits right “We’re interested for two reasons,” spirit that clearly fuels much of what passion for technology and how it can name of macroeconomic interest; social, economic and environmental into that. Our outcomes are about he explains. “First, several of our Robinson does. be used to improve the interaction it’s the overall social, economic and outcomes?” how we deliver our services to the local authority customers for whom He says his team at Amey has a of ordinary people with the built environmental outcomes, including His answer: “Smart for me is general public. We keep fresh water we manage local highways are very rare licence to try out ideas, both environment is infectious. local effects that are important.” about marrying up the tremendous flowing, we take away the sewage, interested in the impact that self- internally and externally. Although the idea of smart For Robinson, who leads a thriving new capabilities we have with the we keep power on. While we do all driving vehicles will have on them. “We don’t really know until we infrastructure has become something team of six at Amey, “outcomes” is outcomes we want to achieve in of these things, our markets create Secondly, there’s a more direct link try them,” he explains. “It’s the of a buzzword recently, for Robinson, a much repeated word. As he puts society.” an incentive for us to invest in to the technology we operate; there entrepreneurs’ mantra of ‘fail fast’. much of the thinking around it has it: “Outcome is the most important Robinson’s role at Amey is to do just technology: to be competitive, to be is clearly interaction between self- We try a lot of things but at every been wrong. Instead of starting with thing – if you’re not getting that right that, by working within the company effective, and to keep our customers driving vehicles and traffic lights, for step we ask ‘is this working?’ ‘Is this technology, he says we must start then you shouldn’t be doing it.” to develop new and better technology, happy. example.” the right thing to do?’ That’s where with people and think about how to And in Robinson’s view, those and even more importantly by working “So that investment in technology Robinson says the pilot project is you get to the point where you invest improve lives. outcomes of infrastructure in partnership with both the public and is about keeping services effective a key example of how, potentially, the appropriate amount of resources, To demonstrate, he makes a development – “smart” or otherwise private sector. and creating benefits that are social, new technology can “add value to by focusing only on the things that compelling analogy with transport – have been largely overlooked for too It is through collaboration, he economic and environmental because public sector infrastructure”, whether are working. If you look at the success infrastructure. long. He describes the idea of smart insists, that it is possible to take the that’s what our customers want.” through creating cost-efficiencies or of most leading companies they focus “Most of the UK’s cities have infrastructure and smart cities as “an outcomes based principles that should Amey’s smart data and technology providing data about how it is used. on the things that are working.”

36 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 37 ADVERTISING Project Pro le FEATURE

Amey Smart Infrastructure

36 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 37 ADVERTISING Project Pro le FEATURE

Flint & Neill Smart Infrastructure

analysis techniques need to be used together to get the most accurate QEII BRIDGE picture of what’s actually happening in the structure.” Percy adds: “These technologies let us analyse structures in a far more detailed way than ever before. And that information feeds into the management of the structure according to the owner’s resources. It is driven by the need to get the last ounce of capacity out of a structure. “Very often this is about providing a management strategy for a structure. Our job is to plot the optimum way to keep the structure in operation so that the client is spending money when it is most efficient to spend the money.” Bonnett and Percy agree that this type of analysis requires different Flint & Neill has undertaken a number of Specialist investigations were also conducted skills to those needed to design new projects to improve capacity on the Queen into vibration in the towers and cables. structures. Elizabeth II Crossing since 2010. Vibrations have been observed throughout the “It’s quite a different mind-set,” bridge’s history, and the aim of these studies was says Bonnett. “Often the focus is The crossing, which opened in 1991, is made up to identify the cause, quantify long term e£ ects, not an immediate fix to the problem; of an 812m cable stayed bridge between 1km and propose measures to gain better knowledge it’s on managing and optimising Most of the major developed One thing that makes it possible Assessment, major structural intervention and the long approach viaducts to the north and south. for future mitigation. the overall solution. Which means economies have a similar problem to consider increasing the capacity of monitoring disruption that goes with it.” The bridge carries southbound tra c from the A survey was undertaken to review and our task is very much about with their transport infrastructure: it many of these structures is the fact and inspection Percy adds: “It is now almost London orbital M25 motorway over the River confirm the geometrical profile of the towers understanding the client’s drivers and is getting old. “Ageing infrastructure that the technologies for assessment technologies inconceivable that you can close a Thames between Essex and Kent to the east and the deck of the main bridge, as well as on what constitutes an optimum strategy is a common problem in the and inspection have “come on in leaps are allowing structure while you are carrying out of London. It is one of the most heavily used site testing and measurement to enable the – which can be their contractual developed world, because of the age and bounds” over the last 10 years, increasingly the works. And even shutting lanes is and most critical pieces of infrastructure in the current cable stay tensions to be calculated. obligations and budgets, as well as the at which a lot of the infrastructure according to Flint & Neill director detailed analysis difficult, apart from for very limited national road network. Flint & Neill have designed the scheme safety of the structure.” development was carried out,” Robert Percy. of infrastructure periods.” Flint & Neill was initially commissioned to replace the large movement joints on the But is all this just delaying the explains Flint & Neill associate “Since around 2005, technologies The improvements in assessment, by M25 DBFO operator Connect Plus to structure. An innovative temporary ramp inevitable? Not so, says Percy: “The Joanna Bonnett. like laser scanning and GPS have monitoring and inspection carry out a structural load assessment of the system was developed in conjunction with technology is continuing to develop, became much cheaper and more technologies mean engineers can crossing and a bridge live loading assessment. Connect Plus and contractor Jacksons to and we will be in a different position But instead of knocking down and widely available, and their accuracy now carry out extremely detailed The consultant had previously identified that, minimise disruption. Laser scanning was in 15 years’ time. replacing ageing bridges and viaducts, has improved so that they have analysis of what is going on within a under some limited circumstances, actual employed in the development of a 4-D Laser surveys are getting to greater transport authorities and operators become applicable to our field,” structure. From this analysis, they can traffic loading was capable of exceeding the model to refine the sequence of works and accuracy, to the point where we are instead turning to engineers to get he explains. “And we now have the identify any immediate action that design code. minimise site risks. should be able to go through the extra capacity out of them. computing power to be able to needs to be taken to meet the current whole structure and produce a full “These structures are now very compute huge amounts of data.” capacity requirements, and prioritise structural model of every bolt size and heavily trafficked, and are often As a result, says Bonnett, clients replacement of elements like Percy adds: “Some of the by technologies associated with plate size to create a complete as built embedded in urban areas where the now realise that, by investing in movement joints and bearings; as well techniques give you a visual measuring strains, explains Bonnett: structural model. possibility of diverting traffic to carry detailed assessment and inspection, as calculating whether the structure representation and some are for “Strain measurement using very high “And in future we will be able to out a major replacement project is they may avoid expensive replacement is, in fact, capable of carrying even movement or accurate geometric resolution cameras is a promising send a drone throughout a structure very constrained,” says Bonnett. or reconstruction costs: “The balance more load or how to information. And there are all sorts technique being developed, and also and create a full structural model with “And, increasingly, operators are is changing because the cost of add more capacity. “We typically use of other technologies – such as there are fibre optic technologies every plate thickness represented.” typically working within constrained monitoring and detailed inspection a number of techniques, for example radar surveying – that are used in that have been used in tunnelling He adds: “There are also budgets – whether they are is coming down, while the cost of video walkthroughs, 3D modelling other industries like automotive and that are now being applied to developments in the tools we government-based spending plans or doing works on structures is going using photo rendering, and laser aerospace, and that are now finding bridge structures. And we still use might have to intervene, including DBFO contractors whose spending up. And we can do more with the surveys to give accurate geometric their way into civil engineering.” conventional strain gauges. technologies that are being used plans are tied up with their borrowing monitoring and smart infrastructure data about the as built structure,” This visual and geometric “What we often find is that the in other areas, such as structural requirements.” side that is more economic than a explains Bonnett. information is supplemented survey, strain gauging and detailed adhesives.”

38 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 39 ADVERTISING Project Pro le FEATURE

Flint & Neill Smart Infrastructure

38 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 39 Technical Excellence Olympic bequest legacy is increasingly impOrtant fOr Olympic games hOst cities and Organisers BY D A ve P ARkeR

here was a time when an Olympic Games was seen The IOC as very much a one-off LeGACY realised it event. If the aftermath ISSUeS was considered, it was had to discourage almost entirely in terms of what would happen to the main 2004 host cities from Tstadium and its associated arenas, ATHeNS aquatic centres and competitor overreaching accommodation. The long term Arenas for “ impact on the host city itself was minority and creating often a minor concern. sports have All this has changed. As the cost of white elephants staging the Summer Games rocketed fallen into over the last several decades it dereliction became harder to justify the massive decaying after the Games. investment without spelling out “Legacy now has to be considered exactly what the legacy of the Games 2008 from day one.” would be. Cities bidding to host the BeIJING John cites Athens 2004 as Games now have to convince the an example of white elephant International Olympic Committee Main stadium proliferation, with arenas for minority (IOC) that they have thought the now sees little sports such as beach volleyball falling legacy needs through, and that their use, but has into dereliction. “They didn’t think proposals will have a long term about legacy until far too late,” he become a beneficial impact on the bidding city. says. London Olympic stadium architect major tourist And the iconic Beijing “Bird’s Populous senior advisor Geraint John attraction Nest” stadium now sees little use, says the focus began to shift around although it has become a major 10 years ago. tourist attraction. Barcelona 1992, is, Artist’s impression of “The IOC realised it had to however, one of the best examples of Rio’s Olympic Way, discourage host cities from what the IOC promotes as the ideal which runs through the overreaching themselves and creating legacy of any Summer Games. Olympic Park white elephants – expensive facilities After the 1992 Games an entire which then stand unused and post-industrial sector of the

40 new civil engineer | August 2016 AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 41 Technical Excellence Olympic bequest legacy is increasingly impOrtant fOr Olympic games hOst cities and Organisers BY D A ve P ARkeR

40 new civil engineer | August 2016 AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 41 The rise of smart infrastructure is disrupting asset delivery, operation and management. Infrastructure use patterns are about to change in a way you’ve never seen before. Your working skills and your business needs will have to be reassessed, again and again. Smart infrastructure is already here. The question is: how fast can you change?

We are Mott MacDonald. We open opportunities with connected thinking. Ready, set, mottmac.com go digital

NCE_Advert_TT.indd 8-9 30/06/2016 17:14:12 The rise of smart infrastructure is disrupting asset delivery, operation and management. Infrastructure use patterns are about to change in a way you’ve never seen before. Your working skills and your business needs will have to be reassessed, again and again. Smart infrastructure is already here. The question is: how fast can you change?

We are Mott MacDonald. We open opportunities with connected thinking. Ready, set, mottmac.com go digital

NCE_Advert_TT.indd 8-9 30/06/2016 17:14:12 Technical Excellence Olympic Legacy

Barcelona was revitalised. There were For Rio, massive investments in transport infrastructure, including new ring legacy was roads. Barcelona became one of the most visited cities in Europe in fundamental to subsequent years. In 2014 the IOC drew up its Olympic the planning and Agenda 2020 – basically a roadmap for all future Games. In it, the IOC says it design process from will “consider as positive aspects for “ a bid: the maximum use of existing the very start facilities and the use of temporary and demountable venues where no long term venue legacy need exists or reclaimed land bordered on two sides can be justified.” by a lagoon and with a spectacular It adds that the evaluation of mountain backdrop. Until 1990 it was competing bids requires “third party the location of the Brazilian Formula 1 independent advice in such areas Grand Prix, and motor racing continued as social, economic and political there until 2012. conditions, with a special focus on “One of the big challenges here sustainability and legacy.” was the timescale,” reports Aecom For this year’s Games in Rio de director and sports business unit Janeiro, translating these principles leader Peter Ayres. “At London, into a masterplan has been the design work began eight years ahead. responsibility of consultant Here we had just four.” Aecom, fresh from leading the There are three distinct phases in multidisciplinary team that developed masterplanning, he adds: preparation the masterplan for London 2012. for the events, a transitional phase “For Rio, legacy was fundamental to that begins after the Games are over, the planning and design process from and the long term legacy. the very start,” says Aecom executive “These had to be carried out in vice president and global sports parallel, with legacy an integral part leader Bill Hanway. “We see the Games of the entire process.” themselves as just one milestone in Consulting the local community the on-going legacy programme.” is vital, Hanway says. “We need to Most recent Olympics have understand their goals in terms of revolved around a new and usually new schools, community facilities, controversial main stadium. Rio has and urban transport, as well as legacy taken a different path. The opening sporting venues. and closing ceremonies will take “Our approach is always localised, place in the world-famous Maracanã our design for Rio is grounded in Rio’s stadium, while the existing João culture, lifestyle and biodiversity.” Havelange stadium built for the In the longer term, the Olympic 2007 Pan American Games will be Park will become a lushly planted upgraded to host the athletics. public open space, with promenades Most new venues will be and terraces and active spaces. concentrated in the new Olympic Park, All planting will be native Brazilian located to the south west of Rio. The species, and along the fringes site is a 120ha flat triangular area of more than 5ha of mangrove and sandbars will restore the waterfront to something close to its original condition and function long term as Our design a water-polishing component of the surface water drainage system. for Rio is There will be permanent legacy sports venues as well. The three grounded in Rio’s Rio Olympic Park: adjoining Carioca Arenas, scene Reclaimed land and of the judo, taekwondo, wrestling culture, lifestyle and former motor racing and basketball events, will become biodiversity circuit site respectively a sports-orientated “ municipal school, a multi-purpose 44 new civil engineer | August 2016 AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 45 Technical Excellence Olympic Legacy Our engineering services are offered to contractors and designers involved with concrete fastenings and structural connections in various construction environments including buildings, tunnels, industrial and energy infrastructure. It was almost FIXINGS / FASTENINGS & CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE In light of serious failures with very high the case that Industry vI ew consequences, the industry has been faced with an we were designing STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING increasing demand for relevant expertise both in the SPECIALIST design office and on site. This is also made evident in structures for their recent publications that are now the basis for anchor “use in 20 years’ time Closing the gap design, specification, and installation: community centre and a high performance athletics training centre. • The BS 8539:2012 “Code of practice for the The tennis centre will continue to to save Costs selection and installation of post-installed anchors” hold tournaments. However, Aecom has adopted an innovative design approach to other structures on • The Highways Agency IAN 104/15 “Anchorage Of the site. Post-Installed Fasteners and Reinforcing Bars in “We prepared preliminary designs Concrete” for six new venues and provided After many years full architectural services for the of driving costs out The expertise that International Broadcast Centre,” says of the construction contractors can offer • The Eurocode 2 – Part 4 “Design of Fastenings for Ayres. process, is there Use in Concrete” “Legacy use was the over-riding any more we can is not limited to design and factor – it was almost the case that do to offer greater we were designing structures for their value for money? I buildability use in 20 years’ time.” Adam would argue that if Temporary venues that could Bennett we persist with the Polytropos carries a state-of-the-art engineering be dismantled and reconstructed traditional structure “those that “build and operate” much earlier knowledge in the field of concrete fastenings and elsewhere were used extensively at that has been in the process to help shape programmes and structural connections. With our experience, from the 2012 Games, and were judged to embedded in the industry for decades, then achieve improved value for money. be a great success despite the fact scope for improvement is limited. However, This is a step change from the traditional design and testing to research and training, we can that the basketball court has yet to ways in which to leverage the skills and hierarchical model and fosters greater help you eliminate risks in design, specifications, and find a new role. At Rio Aecom took knowledge of organisations at different stages exchange of knowledge and innovative ideas installation of anchors. Specialist services include: the concept one key stage further. for delivering complex projects may yet yield between people. What the mayor of Rio dubbed more potential to bring a lot more savings to The expertise that contractors can offer “nomadic architecture” was adopted the process. is not limited to design and buildability. At for the handball arena, the aquatics A common example, is where a customer Costain we have staff working with Highways stadium and the massive broadcast engages a consultant to do some early work, England to run their building information • Safety benchmarking in the design and installation centre. This involves designing the and below that is a designer, then a contractor, modelling change programme; we are involved of fastenings and structural connections. structures to be easily demountable and then the maintainer or operator. These in supporting customers through behavioural and easy to transform into pre- organisations tend to be separate and safety programmes; and we are advising on planned end uses. contractually different. They all have their how to manage local stakeholders through • Design of non-standard anchorages and structural Basic designs featured highly different drivers, business demands and development consent order processes. There connections. standardised modular steel structures ambitions, and all get involved at a certain is a whole range of challenges that we can stacked and bolted together. Ease stage in the project life cycle. approach through the mindset of delivery and of dismantling was crucial, as was In my experience of this process, it has been achieve greater value for customers. • Assessment of damage and deterioration in straightforward re-assembly. a strong collaboration between the customer, I am not advocating contractors taking over existing fit-outs. Thus the handball arena will including their representative, and contractors someone else’s role, however, I am advocating become four new primary schools at project outset that has highlighted true potential for further cost savings and improved throughout Rio. The aquatics stadium potential for programme efficiencies and knowledge transfer by involving contractors will be reborn as two aquatics cost savings, because it is so often that the throughout the entire project life cycle. centres, both with 50m pools. contractor brings the practical buildability and ● Adam Bennett is Costain’s advisory and And structural steelwork from the safety context. consultancy services manager for highways. Contact: Panos Spyridis, Dr. Ing. CEng, MICE broadcast centre will become the This is often referred to as “early contractor — frame for the residential component involvement” (ECI) and there are many of a new high school. examples where this has brought considerable POLYTROPOS Ltd. 52 Angel Wharf All other temporary structures in benefits. I believe there is much greater benefit — 168 Shepherdess Walk the park will be removed after the to be achieved for customers by engaging www.polytropos.eu.com N1 7JL Games. N [email protected] London +44 (0) 20 81 236121 UK 46 new civil engineer | August 2016 Technical Excellence Olympic Legacy Our engineering services are offered to contractors and designers involved with concrete fastenings and structural connections in various construction environments including buildings, tunnels, industrial and energy infrastructure. It was almost FIXINGS / FASTENINGS & CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE In light of serious failures with very high the case that Industry vI ew consequences, the industry has been faced with an we were designing STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING increasing demand for relevant expertise both in the SPECIALIST design office and on site. This is also made evident in structures for their recent publications that are now the basis for anchor “use in 20 years’ time Closing the gap design, specification, and installation: community centre and a high performance athletics training centre. • The BS 8539:2012 “Code of practice for the The tennis centre will continue to to save Costs selection and installation of post-installed anchors” hold tournaments. However, Aecom has adopted an innovative design approach to other structures on • The Highways Agency IAN 104/15 “Anchorage Of the site. Post-Installed Fasteners and Reinforcing Bars in “We prepared preliminary designs Concrete” for six new venues and provided After many years full architectural services for the of driving costs out The expertise that International Broadcast Centre,” says of the construction contractors can offer • The Eurocode 2 – Part 4 “Design of Fastenings for Ayres. process, is there Use in Concrete” “Legacy use was the over-riding any more we can is not limited to design and factor – it was almost the case that do to offer greater we were designing structures for their value for money? I buildability use in 20 years’ time.” Adam would argue that if Temporary venues that could Bennett we persist with the Polytropos carries a state-of-the-art engineering be dismantled and reconstructed traditional structure “those that “build and operate” much earlier knowledge in the field of concrete fastenings and elsewhere were used extensively at that has been in the process to help shape programmes and structural connections. With our experience, from the 2012 Games, and were judged to embedded in the industry for decades, then achieve improved value for money. be a great success despite the fact scope for improvement is limited. However, This is a step change from the traditional design and testing to research and training, we can that the basketball court has yet to ways in which to leverage the skills and hierarchical model and fosters greater help you eliminate risks in design, specifications, and find a new role. At Rio Aecom took knowledge of organisations at different stages exchange of knowledge and innovative ideas installation of anchors. Specialist services include: the concept one key stage further. for delivering complex projects may yet yield between people. What the mayor of Rio dubbed more potential to bring a lot more savings to The expertise that contractors can offer “nomadic architecture” was adopted the process. is not limited to design and buildability. At for the handball arena, the aquatics A common example, is where a customer Costain we have staff working with Highways stadium and the massive broadcast engages a consultant to do some early work, England to run their building information • Safety benchmarking in the design and installation centre. This involves designing the and below that is a designer, then a contractor, modelling change programme; we are involved of fastenings and structural connections. structures to be easily demountable and then the maintainer or operator. These in supporting customers through behavioural and easy to transform into pre- organisations tend to be separate and safety programmes; and we are advising on planned end uses. contractually different. They all have their how to manage local stakeholders through • Design of non-standard anchorages and structural Basic designs featured highly different drivers, business demands and development consent order processes. There connections. standardised modular steel structures ambitions, and all get involved at a certain is a whole range of challenges that we can stacked and bolted together. Ease stage in the project life cycle. approach through the mindset of delivery and of dismantling was crucial, as was In my experience of this process, it has been achieve greater value for customers. • Assessment of damage and deterioration in straightforward re-assembly. a strong collaboration between the customer, I am not advocating contractors taking over existing fit-outs. Thus the handball arena will including their representative, and contractors someone else’s role, however, I am advocating become four new primary schools at project outset that has highlighted true potential for further cost savings and improved throughout Rio. The aquatics stadium potential for programme efficiencies and knowledge transfer by involving contractors will be reborn as two aquatics cost savings, because it is so often that the throughout the entire project life cycle. centres, both with 50m pools. contractor brings the practical buildability and ● Adam Bennett is Costain’s advisory and And structural steelwork from the safety context. consultancy services manager for highways. Contact: Panos Spyridis, Dr. Ing. CEng, MICE broadcast centre will become the This is often referred to as “early contractor — frame for the residential component involvement” (ECI) and there are many of a new high school. examples where this has brought considerable POLYTROPOS Ltd. 52 Angel Wharf All other temporary structures in benefits. I believe there is much greater benefit — 168 Shepherdess Walk the park will be removed after the to be achieved for customers by engaging www.polytropos.eu.com N1 7JL Games. N [email protected] London +44 (0) 20 81 236121 UK 46 new civil engineer | August 2016 The ﬁ nal design for the Olympic stadium introduced the classic oval form, with “covered grandstands LONDON’S alongside the straights

track for cycle racing. For the fi rst and only time, the Olympic swimming pool was located in the infi eld. Before that, all aquatic events had been held in open water. Webster’s fi nal design featured a LEARNING modular steel framed structure with 50mm thick reinforced concrete THE FIRST OLYMPIC STADIUM WAS IN LONDON platform units spanning nearly 7m between inclined rolled steel joists. AND IT SET THE TONE FOR FUTURE DESIGNS Latticed steel columns braced by “continuous channel bars” supported BY DAVE PARKER the joists. There were distinct echoes of seaside pleasure pier construction in the structural concept, and the design overall failed to win more than grudging approval from the architectural community. Thanks to the innovative design, contractor George Wimpey erected the stadium in just 10 months at a cost of £60,000 – about £3.5M in International Olympic Committee helpful to be gleaned from earlier of no more than 4,000. Its design today’s money. Technical (IOC) as it had become increasingly The 1900 events. For the 1896 Athens Games a was inspired by Roman arenas, As a legacy structure the White KEY FACTS obvious that Rome was unlikely to be marble reconstruction of an ancient and its only innovative feature was City Stadium was a great success. Excellence ready on time. Games in Paris Greek stadium was built on original the widespread use of reinforced Over nearly eight decades it hosted London was asked to step into the foundations. Although visually concrete. everything from championship ondon has hosted the 10 months breach, largely because it had already were a minor sideshow impressive, as an athletics stadium it So Webster had a virtually boxing to motorcycle speedway. In Summer Olympics three White City developed plans for the 1908 Anglo- had major shortcomings. clean sheet of paper when he 1927 the stadium was taken over by times since they were French Exhibition. Held to celebrate at the Paris World Not least of these was the began work on the White City the Greyhound Racing Association. Stadium fi rst staged in 1896 – but the “Entente Cordial” of 1904, the Fair. Athletics took horseshoe shaped running track, Stadium in late 1906. New covered terracing was built and it was the 1908 Olympic construction exhibition took place on 57ha of only 330m long. Competitors in races The priority was speed of a restaurant added. Stadium that set the farmland in west London, just north “ longer than 200m had to negotiate construction; there was only token Greyhound racing was to continue time place at a suburban pattern for almost all subsequent of Shepherd’s Bush. right angled corners in a melee of architectural input. Webster was until the stadium fi nally closed in Lvenues, thanks to the genius of the More than 100 elaborate, white- football fi eld fl ying elbows. Spectators sat or stood chosen not so much because of his 1985, with crowds of more than structural engineer responsible for its £3.5M painted pavilions in the Oriental style on marble terraces, and there was no track record in bridge design, more 90,000 for premier events. innovative design. surrounded a central artifi cial lake, permanent weather protection. because he had experience with less Athletics was not forgotten. A It was also the fi rst to have a Cost of White there were canals, funfair rides and a The 1900 Games in Paris were conventional structures. “four laps to the mile” running track signifi cant legacy effect on the City Stadium scenic railway. a minor sideshow at the Paris His crowning achievement was was installed in 1931 and used for host city. at today’s Plans for what was swiftly dubbed World Fair. Athletics took place at the Runcorn Transporter Bridge, the the Amateur Athletics Association Noted civil engineer John James the “Great White City” had originally a suburban football fi eld without a largest in the world. More relevant, Championships until 1970. In 1934 Webster received the commission to prices included a modest athletics stadium. cinder running track. So small was perhaps, were his designs for several the stadium hosted the second design the main stadium thanks to The British Olympic Association the venue that the best efforts of the elegant seaside piers around the UK. British Empire Games and the fourth an eruption of Mount Vesuvius near persuaded the exhibition organisers javelin throwers often ended up in the The fi nal design for the Olympic Women’s World Games. Naples in Italy. Originally Rome had 68,000 to build a larger facility suitable for trees surrounding the fi eld. So chaotic stadium introduced the classic oval The Great White City itself went on won the bidding ahead of London White City the Summer Games at their own was the organisation that many form, with covered grandstands to host four more major exhibitions, and Berlin, but in 1906 large parts Stadium expense, in return for a share of the athletes actually missed their events. alongside the straights and open before being progressively of Naples were devastated by a gate receipts. This was offi cially Nor was there much to be learned terraces at each end. Spectator demolished during the course of major eruption from Vesuvius and seating known as the “Great Stadium”, but from the next Games in Saint Louis, in capacity was 68,000, all seated. the 20th Century. Millions of visitors funds earmarked for the Summer capacity soon became better known as the the United States. The main stadium Following the precedent of Saint attended the exhibitions, and events Games had to be diverted to the White City Stadium. was originally commissioned by Louis a “three laps to the mile” at the Stadium, with attendant reconstruction of the historic city. This was to be only the fourth Washington University for its own running track was pencilled in, economic benefi ts for Shepherd’s This came as some relief to the Summer Games, and there was little Stadium engineer John James Webster use, and had a spectator capacity outside of which was a banked Bush and its neighbours. N

48 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 49 The ﬁ nal design for the Olympic stadium introduced the classic oval form, with “covered grandstands LONDON’S alongside the straights

48 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 49 FUTURE TECH FORUM 2016 DETAILS h TTp S ://fuT urETEchnoL gy. n E wcI v ILEngI n EEr.com

Future Tech aul Fuentes has a it. It causes a sinkhole that creates data about road surface condition. bold vision: a city massive disruption. That’s a 1mm Then on the ground robots would be which experiences crack causing chaos. His vision – and doing 3D printing maybe to fix the zero disruption from the vision his colleagues on the grand pavements. streetworks by 2050. vision project is to fix that crack using “This is the thing that has really How? Through robots. robotics, before it gets to 1mm wide. captured the press imagination,” he It’s all wrapped up in a Grand “The vision is to use robots like adds. RChallenge Project – one of seven white blood cells in the human body, The final concept is above street research projects that are currently detecting problems and then solving level. Known as Perch & Repair it is a sharing a £21M five-year funding pot them.” PROFILE drone that perches on an asset – say a from the Engineering and Physical The principle is Fire and Forget – RAuL streetlight – that then does something Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). send a robot into the asset – in this FuENtES as it is perched – say replace a bulb. It has funded four of these “grand case a water main – and leave it there, “Today, you have to close a lane, challenges” and this one seeks out with the robot powering itself using Current which is a two man job, bring in a new ways of using robotics and the water flow to turn a turbine and Before recently cherry picker, which means working autonomous systems to “restore attaching itself to the inner surface joining the from height. It happens everywhere the balance between engineered of the pipe to carry out any repairs it university of around the world. Why not use a and natural systems in the cities detects are necessary. Leeds, worked as drone? of the future” (the others relate There’s already a prototype, called a lecturer at ucL This work is being led by one of to infrastructure resilience, water Djedi. It was used to probe its way Leeds’ partners, the University of scarcity and atomic engineering). The into cavities in the Great Pyramid of Experience Southampton. It is clearly early days, University of Leeds is leading it, and Giza. It’s 170mm tall, 170mm wide and previously worked and clearly existing infrastructure is has £4.2M to spend on it. 800mm long. in industry for not robot-friendly (push fittings are “Cities have been slowly That’s hardly micro enough for companies like much easier than screw fittings for mechanised. But our vision is that water pipes. Yet. Atkins, may example). the city heals itself,” says Fuentes, “We have a workstream looking at gurney and But you can see the thinking. associate professor in infrastructure that. Inch worm locomotion is the Arup where he And Fuentes is not hanging around engineering at the university. inspiration. The ultimate aim is to go gained substantial waiting. “We have intermediate How? Through micro-robots living smaller. The whole thing will be 3D experience in the visions,” he says. “For example by in below-ground infrastructure and printed except the metallic spine. The planning, design 2035 we want Leeds to be the first city healing it as it fails, bigger robots vision is for it to be underground for and delivery in the word maintained by robots.” zapping around and fixing ground- years, bracing itself against the pipe, of diverse civil And he insists he is not a lone wolf. level highways as need requires and, going about its business and repairing engineering “The city council is really on board up in the sky, perching drones that where it can.” This could involve small projects with this,” he says, adding it is all part buzz around and repair things like scale welding and glueing. of a bigger plan. “We want to make street lights. There are early discussions with Research Leeds the internationally recognised It’s all fantastic stuff. But Fuentes Northern Gas Networks about getting fuentes’ research centre for robotics and smart has plenty of examples in mind – Djedi or one of his derivatives into its ethos is to “get infrastructure technology.” and prototypes either real or under pipes to look for corrosion. That’s not done what the Nonetheless, some may need development for all of them. yet funded. world wants assuaging on the social question. A He knows, that in our industry, you Moving up to street level, part two done” which city that maintains itself puts a lot of need examples. Before recently joining of the research covers what is being reflects his highway maintenance workers out Robotic the University of Leeds, Fuentes called perceive and patch. This is highly practical of work. Fuentes takes this seriously. worked as a lecturer at University pothole repair but truly roboticised. approach, Part of the work does include a College London (UCL), and before that “The idea is to use drones flying always based on researcher looking at the social in industry for companies including above cities, collecting and sending sound scientific implications of the programme. Atkins, May Gurney and Arup where principles “We’ve done a lot of reading on he gained substantial experience in this,” says Fuentes. “We’ve looked the planning, design and delivery of at Charlotte Bronte’s writing on the diverse civil engineering projects. We want to industrial revolution, which was the He still acts as consultant in projects same argument. But there are always in the areas of instrumentation and make Leeds jobs created somehow,” he insists. Roads monitoring, tunnelling and ground Bronte, the novelist and poet of Raul Fuentes is heading ReseaRch into engineering. the internationally Jane Eyre fame, considered in her His research ethos is to “get done follow-up novel Shirley the plight what the world wants done” (stolen recognised centre of workers’ during the Industrial automated Road inFRastRuctuRe RepaiRs from a Harvard ex-president), which Revolution and specifically the rise of reflects his highly practical approach, for robotics and the Luddites under leader Ned Ludd BY MARK HANSFORD based on sound scientific principles. “ where workers would smash up the smart infrastructure Let’s begin below ground. A pipe machinery they were employed to leaks. It disturbs the ground around technology operate. N

50 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 51 FUTURE TECH FORUM 2016 DETAILS h TTp S ://fuT urETEchnoL gy. n E wcI v ILEngI n EEr.com

50 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 51 READ MORE DEBATES AT NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/NCE-LIVE

ast year New Civil Engineer constant battle surveyed 1,300 engineers to “It’s a constant battle with gravity,” argued establish levels of knowledge Balfour Beatty tunnelling manager Roger around the design, selection Bridge, “And what we expect these fixings and installation of fixings. to do. DEBATE Confidence levels of contractors “We hear about the projects that have had and consultants in anchor installation were failings, but for me it is further down the Linconsistent with 34% of consultants and supply chain where people don’t understand designers, and 12% of contractors and sub- the fixings and how structures perform. And GETTinG A contractors not confident that chemically how the interactions with the fixings can secured fixings are properly installed on potentially be catastrophic.” sites. Steve Denton, head of bridges and ground The survey also found that levels of engineering at WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff is awareness about the code of practice for involved in a research project around the the selection and installation of anchors issue. He explained that there was work at in concrete and masonry, were also the design stage of a project to make future surprisingly low – 38% of those surveyed management easier. GRiP on sAfE said they had not heard of the standard “There are decisions you can take at the Denton: concern about guidance application while only 28% said they were “not sure” if design stage that give you the ability to they were aware of the standard. test things later, or by choosing the way to At at recent round table debate in install something to increase the robustness There is a very association with Hilti, engineers, designers of an asset.” and contractors discussed the underlying high degree issues with concrete fixings and how the Research project of confidence in the woRkinG industry could ensure the design, selection The research project, which is being and installation of anchor fixings stay safe. managed by Highways England, is concerned quality of the guidance, about the risk associated with the concrete fixings it already has installed, and asking if but the concern was existing design and installation guidance is adequate. “ about its application “The strong feedback that we got was that there is a very high degree of confidence in PRAcTicE the quality of the guidance, but the concern repetitive nature of the work, suggested was about its application,” added Denton. WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff technical director So do we need to make sure that the safety Audrey McIver. Bridge thought so too. critical nature of installation is properly “You give a guy a drill and tell him to drill a communicated? thousand holes, he is going to lose the will oUnD Trained competent installers of safety- to live. You train him to operate a robot, you R T critical fixings are needed, argued Costain have elevated his status and he takes pride

E A

H B

T chief engineer Calvin Blacker. “Other areas in what he does.” L

D T of the industry have qualified installers, we E A fixinGs B need this for fixings too.” certifying skills WITH MI c H a I la Hancock Bridge agreed, but added that the work Blacker thought it was a shame that the is “repetitive” and that supervision would skills were not certified and workers have be critical. “Relying on that person to to complete the training again when moving Bridge: lack of supply chain understanding put the concrete fixings in right would be from project to project. superfluous if the supervision was good Hilti has been investigating possible enough.” certification. Its head of engineering Kirsty We hear a lot about David Dunne, a senior engineer at Aecom Walton explained that in Germany certain thought site workers should be given more roles on site had been certified so those projects that have credit and that blame should not be passed carrying them out could be offered a down the supply chain. certified course. failings, but for me it is “We should be explaining why the “There are things from different markets work needs doing and in that way so they that we would like to implement here. further down the supply understand the reason as opposed to doing Working with the Construction Fixings something for the sake of it.” Association (CFA) we are looking to see if we chain where people don’t “And that there should be more education could offer anchor installer training,” “ around materials in general, not just she said. understand the fixings and concrete fixings” added Dunne. Walton added that different manufacturers’ how structures perform Robots could be the answer, given the fixings have different installation methods,

52 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 AUGUST 2016 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 53 READ MORE DEBATES AT NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/NCE-LIVE

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T chief engineer Calvin Blacker. “Other areas in what he does.” L

52 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 AUGUST 2016 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 53 Round Table Fixings World View INSPIRING CIVILS ACROSS THE GLOBE If people NEwCIVILENGINEER.COm/wORLd-VIEw actually read aRoUnD THE TaBlE the British Standard, Calvin Blacker P anaM a Chief engineer Costain EXPanDED then would many of Roger Bridge PanaMa these issues go away? Tunnelling manager Balfour Beatty canaL oPEnS “ David Caiden The first mega-cargo Director Arup ship measuring 300m but there was scope to offer training via long and 48m wide has a third party so certification could be Matthew Cook passed through the newly taken from site to site. “Rather than having Director Building Design Consultants expanded Panama Canal. something relevant for one Hilti fixing, let’s The $5.2bn (£3.1bn) have something that says you understand Steve Denton expansion programme how to install all fixings,” she urged. Head of bridges and ground engineering Walton: needs input from the profession was the most significant WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff construction project on Empowering the workforce the canal since it opened in So if empowering the workforce is beneficial, David Dunne We need input 1914. The project involved how can we make sure that installation is Senior engineer Aecom the construction of a completed to the required standard? Denton from the “third set of locks”: two argued that when dealing with risk, there Mark Hansford complexes of three-step were multiple ways of mitigating it. Editor New Civil Engineer profession so we can up locks, including three “If risk can be resolved at design stage basins for reusing water, that’s great. If not, then you want competent Audrey McIver our game and keep it up with one set on the Pacific people all the way along the chain – a Technical director WSP Parsons side and another on the competent designer to a competent installer. Brinckerhoff Safety assurance Atlantic. The new locks are Having one does not negate the other.” “This could improve safety too. “At the 427m long, 55m wide and “If people actually read the British Ponciano Perez Lupi moment if we do have some failings – we 18.3m deep, 21m wider and Standard, then would many of these issues Project manager Ferrovial Agroman don’t know who installed which anchor, 5.5m deeper than those in actually go away?” asked Denton. He felt that which gang, where else they have been the original canal. standards were often criticised for being Alan Skarda installing.” prescriptive, while others criticised them for Section engineer Kier So do clients have the appetite to being too flexible. invest in improving safety? WSP Parsons TajikisT an GERManY “You need to write standards that enable Katherine Smale Brinckerhoff’s Denton used the example £1.5bn contract north SEa Technical reporter New Civil Engineer the competent designer to be able to apply of a research project looking at the risk on WorLD'S taLLESt them safely. But you don’t want to inhibit associated with installed concrete fixings WinD turbinE the expert.” Kirsty Walton and existing guidance. DaM WorK aWarDED contractS Head of engineering Hilti Arup director David Caiden thought that “It’s clear they have. Major infrastructure aWarDED safety could be improved by considering the clients have come together and invested in Salini Impregilo has been assigned this work to design new fixings to enable the first lot of work worth $1.95bn use of each type of fixing and being aware of better future management.” (£1.5bn) to build what will The Norwegian the circumstances and consequences of a But it’s the sharing of knowledge across reportedly be the world’s tallest Geotechnical Institute possible failure. the whole industry that needs to be dam in Tajikistan. The complete (NGI), Framo and Dong “The consequences of failure may or improved thought Hilti’s Walton, speaking package to build the Rogun dam Energy have signed a may not be severe, and need to considered on behalf of the whole fixings industry. as part of the larger hydroelectric contract to supply 20 in the design. If one fixing fails, then it is “We want to put the safest products on project, comprises four lots and is wind turbines to a wind threatening the others. This is now standard the market but we need input from the worth a total of £2.9bn. The Italian n o R waY farm in Germany’s North practice, whereas probably 20 years ago it profession so we can up our game and contractor is expected to sign the SKanSKa WinS Sea region. The turbines wasn’t.” keep it up.” contracts for the three remaining £65M norWEGian will be installed at the Hilti’s Walton agreed, adding: “Again it is lots by the end of September. The Borkum Riffgrund 2 wind making it clear at site level to the installer 335m high rockfill dam will have MotorWaY farm. Dong Energy’s 187m why you are asking for one more fixing than a clay core and will be built on high turbines each have they might expect.” the Vakhsh River in Pamir, one Skanska has won the £65M contract a 164m span, and will be Costain’s Blacker said he thought the In association with of Central Asia’s main mountain to rebuild part of the E16 motorway capable of generating installer’s skills should be recognised. “If ranges. The first package of work in Norway. Commissioned by up to 8MW. A suction installers were given a bit of self worth, they would include the diversion of the the Norwegian Public Roads bucket jacket will provide would be proud to say that they installed a Vakhsh River which will be spilt into Administration, the work involves the foundations for the caiden: consider fixings during design phase certain anchor on a certain day. two diversion tunnels. construction of a new road. turbines.

54 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 AUGUST 2016 | NEw CIVIL ENGINEER 55 Round Table Fixings World View INSPIRING CIVILS ACROSS THE GLOBE If people NEwCIVILENGINEER.COm/wORLd-VIEw actually read aRoUnD THE TaBlE the British Standard, Calvin Blacker P anaM a Chief engineer Costain EXPanDED then would many of Roger Bridge PanaMa these issues go away? Tunnelling manager Balfour Beatty canaL oPEnS “ David Caiden The first mega-cargo Director Arup ship measuring 300m but there was scope to offer training via long and 48m wide has a third party so certification could be Matthew Cook passed through the newly taken from site to site. “Rather than having Director Building Design Consultants expanded Panama Canal. something relevant for one Hilti fixing, let’s The $5.2bn (£3.1bn) have something that says you understand Steve Denton expansion programme how to install all fixings,” she urged. Head of bridges and ground engineering Walton: needs input from the profession was the most significant WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff construction project on Empowering the workforce the canal since it opened in So if empowering the workforce is beneficial, David Dunne We need input 1914. The project involved how can we make sure that installation is Senior engineer Aecom the construction of a completed to the required standard? Denton from the “third set of locks”: two argued that when dealing with risk, there Mark Hansford complexes of three-step were multiple ways of mitigating it. Editor New Civil Engineer profession so we can up locks, including three “If risk can be resolved at design stage basins for reusing water, that’s great. If not, then you want competent Audrey McIver our game and keep it up with one set on the Pacific people all the way along the chain – a Technical director WSP Parsons side and another on the competent designer to a competent installer. Brinckerhoff Safety assurance Atlantic. The new locks are Having one does not negate the other.” “This could improve safety too. “At the 427m long, 55m wide and “If people actually read the British Ponciano Perez Lupi moment if we do have some failings – we 18.3m deep, 21m wider and Standard, then would many of these issues Project manager Ferrovial Agroman don’t know who installed which anchor, 5.5m deeper than those in actually go away?” asked Denton. He felt that which gang, where else they have been the original canal. standards were often criticised for being Alan Skarda installing.” prescriptive, while others criticised them for Section engineer Kier So do clients have the appetite to being too flexible. invest in improving safety? WSP Parsons TajikisT an GERManY “You need to write standards that enable Katherine Smale Brinckerhoff’s Denton used the example £1.5bn contract north SEa Technical reporter New Civil Engineer the competent designer to be able to apply of a research project looking at the risk on WorLD'S taLLESt them safely. But you don’t want to inhibit associated with installed concrete fixings WinD turbinE the expert.” Kirsty Walton and existing guidance. DaM WorK aWarDED contractS Head of engineering Hilti Arup director David Caiden thought that “It’s clear they have. Major infrastructure aWarDED safety could be improved by considering the clients have come together and invested in Salini Impregilo has been assigned this work to design new fixings to enable the first lot of work worth $1.95bn use of each type of fixing and being aware of better future management.” (£1.5bn) to build what will The Norwegian the circumstances and consequences of a But it’s the sharing of knowledge across reportedly be the world’s tallest Geotechnical Institute possible failure. the whole industry that needs to be dam in Tajikistan. The complete (NGI), Framo and Dong “The consequences of failure may or improved thought Hilti’s Walton, speaking package to build the Rogun dam Energy have signed a may not be severe, and need to considered on behalf of the whole fixings industry. as part of the larger hydroelectric contract to supply 20 in the design. If one fixing fails, then it is “We want to put the safest products on project, comprises four lots and is wind turbines to a wind threatening the others. This is now standard the market but we need input from the worth a total of £2.9bn. The Italian n o R waY farm in Germany’s North practice, whereas probably 20 years ago it profession so we can up our game and contractor is expected to sign the SKanSKa WinS Sea region. The turbines wasn’t.” keep it up.” contracts for the three remaining £65M norWEGian will be installed at the Hilti’s Walton agreed, adding: “Again it is lots by the end of September. The Borkum Riffgrund 2 wind making it clear at site level to the installer 335m high rockfill dam will have MotorWaY farm. Dong Energy’s 187m why you are asking for one more fixing than a clay core and will be built on high turbines each have they might expect.” the Vakhsh River in Pamir, one Skanska has won the £65M contract a 164m span, and will be Costain’s Blacker said he thought the In association with of Central Asia’s main mountain to rebuild part of the E16 motorway capable of generating installer’s skills should be recognised. “If ranges. The first package of work in Norway. Commissioned by up to 8MW. A suction installers were given a bit of self worth, they would include the diversion of the the Norwegian Public Roads bucket jacket will provide would be proud to say that they installed a Vakhsh River which will be spilt into Administration, the work involves the foundations for the caiden: consider fixings during design phase certain anchor on a certain day. two diversion tunnels. construction of a new road. turbines.

54 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 AUGUST 2016 | NEw CIVIL ENGINEER 55 World View usinesses from across the mega-project is palpable, creating Grands Projets, Per Aarsleff, Royal Europe gathered in an estimated 3,000 jobs in Denmark Bam Group (with its three arms Bam IN FINANCE early June at the site of and 1,000 in Germany during the Infra, Bam International and Wayss what will be the world’s predicted eight and a half year & Freytag Ingenieurbau), Solétanche- NUMBERS longest immersed road construction phase, not counting Bachy International, CFE and Max and rail tunnel to hear spin-off work for subcontractors. Bögl Stiftung. £5.6bn In July 2015 the European how the cross-border mega-project But amid the positivity, there is no Dredging International (Deme Value of Commission approved the might provide work and boost fi rm timeline for delivering the tunnel Group) is subcontractor for the B Fehmarnbelt public financing model of economies. connecting Scandinavia to Central tunnel contracts and Cowi is acting as the Fehmarnbelt scheme, The £5.6bn Fehmarn Belt Fixed Europe. a consultant. project ruling it was within European Link proposes to connect the Danish “When I started with this, eight Some more recent estimates Union state aid rules. island of Lolland, with the German years ago, the Fehmarn project was were for a start in June 2018. But 18km island of Fehmarn. going to start in 2012, then it was environmental groups based on the Length of Under a state-guarantee, While the distance across the Belt postponed two years, another two German shore are expected to make the £5.6bn tunnel will be CORNER (or strait) is a mere 18km, the tunnel years, now the German planning claims for added mitigation work, tunnel repaid by users over time – is expected to carve out an important approval will come in a year’s time, which could add a six to 18 months an estimated 36 years. The economic corridor between Germany so with that from the Danish side delay, and cause further uncertainty Danish Parliament will decide and Sweden. they will fi nally be able to start the about a starting date. on the price of tunnel tolls, While contracts are signed and land construction work,” says Winther. “Also the local ferry company but project promoter Femern lies in wait, German environmental A crucial milestone came in late (Scandlines) has been very against A/S uses a benchmark of approvals are the fi nal hurdle. May when the selected contractor it, because of course they might lose 494 Danish Krone (£52) per The Femern Belt Development consortium signed contracts. The their business. The investment fund passenger car in its financial (FBD) organisation is the chief co- team includes Vinci Construction that owns Scandlines has publicly modelling. ordinator for stakeholders of the announced they will do whatever By comparison, ferry Danish Zealand Region, the cross- they can to prevent a fi xed link,” passengers travelling on CUTTER border project is now courting The tunnel is Winther says. Scandlines (which has a international investors. “We have seen recently that an monopoly on the route) pay “I’m very satisfi ed that so many expected to analysis of the pros and cons on DENMARK AND GERMANY PREPARE about €100 (£79) one-way – foreign businesses have made their the German side and this analysis which is “ridiculous” according way here today to participate,” carve out an important showed 53% of population for, 34% to one local resident who FBD managing director Stig Romer economic corridor don’t know, and 14% are defi nitely spoke to New Civil Engineer TO START THE FEHMARNBELT TUNNEL Winther told New Civil Engineer at the against it.” on the ferry. Fehmarn Link Business Conference between Germany As recent as 2014 Danish public BY ROBERT HENSON last month. opinion has been as high as 20% The buzz and excitement around “and Sweden against the tunnel, but political,

GERMANY DENMARK FEHMARNBELT Puttgarden Rødbyhavn

FEHMARN 18 km LOLLAND

Upper till Postglacial sand Postglacial sand GRAPHIC Palaeogene clay 30m 40m Lowest point of DENMARK tunnel Copenhagen SWEDEN Meltwater sand Malmö Tunnel Odense Upper till

Flensburg

Meltwater sand Lower till FEHMARNBELT Folded palaeogene clay TUNNEL PROJECT Hamburg Folded palaeogene clay

GERMANY Lower till

N Berlin

56 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 57 World View usinesses from across the mega-project is palpable, creating Grands Projets, Per Aarsleff, Royal Europe gathered in an estimated 3,000 jobs in Denmark Bam Group (with its three arms Bam IN FINANCE early June at the site of and 1,000 in Germany during the Infra, Bam International and Wayss what will be the world’s predicted eight and a half year & Freytag Ingenieurbau), Solétanche- NUMBERS longest immersed road construction phase, not counting Bachy International, CFE and Max and rail tunnel to hear spin-off work for subcontractors. Bögl Stiftung. £5.6bn In July 2015 the European how the cross-border mega-project But amid the positivity, there is no Dredging International (Deme Value of Commission approved the might provide work and boost fi rm timeline for delivering the tunnel Group) is subcontractor for the B Fehmarnbelt public financing model of economies. connecting Scandinavia to Central tunnel contracts and Cowi is acting as the Fehmarnbelt scheme, The £5.6bn Fehmarn Belt Fixed Europe. a consultant. project ruling it was within European Link proposes to connect the Danish “When I started with this, eight Some more recent estimates Union state aid rules. island of Lolland, with the German years ago, the Fehmarn project was were for a start in June 2018. But 18km island of Fehmarn. going to start in 2012, then it was environmental groups based on the Length of Under a state-guarantee, While the distance across the Belt postponed two years, another two German shore are expected to make the £5.6bn tunnel will be CORNER (or strait) is a mere 18km, the tunnel years, now the German planning claims for added mitigation work, tunnel repaid by users over time – is expected to carve out an important approval will come in a year’s time, which could add a six to 18 months an estimated 36 years. The economic corridor between Germany so with that from the Danish side delay, and cause further uncertainty Danish Parliament will decide and Sweden. they will fi nally be able to start the about a starting date. on the price of tunnel tolls, While contracts are signed and land construction work,” says Winther. “Also the local ferry company but project promoter Femern lies in wait, German environmental A crucial milestone came in late (Scandlines) has been very against A/S uses a benchmark of approvals are the fi nal hurdle. May when the selected contractor it, because of course they might lose 494 Danish Krone (£52) per The Femern Belt Development consortium signed contracts. The their business. The investment fund passenger car in its financial (FBD) organisation is the chief co- team includes Vinci Construction that owns Scandlines has publicly modelling. ordinator for stakeholders of the announced they will do whatever By comparison, ferry Danish Zealand Region, the cross- they can to prevent a fi xed link,” passengers travelling on CUTTER border project is now courting The tunnel is Winther says. Scandlines (which has a international investors. “We have seen recently that an monopoly on the route) pay “I’m very satisfi ed that so many expected to analysis of the pros and cons on DENMARK AND GERMANY PREPARE about €100 (£79) one-way – foreign businesses have made their the German side and this analysis which is “ridiculous” according way here today to participate,” carve out an important showed 53% of population for, 34% to one local resident who FBD managing director Stig Romer economic corridor don’t know, and 14% are defi nitely spoke to New Civil Engineer TO START THE FEHMARNBELT TUNNEL Winther told New Civil Engineer at the against it.” on the ferry. Fehmarn Link Business Conference between Germany As recent as 2014 Danish public BY ROBERT HENSON last month. opinion has been as high as 20% The buzz and excitement around “and Sweden against the tunnel, but political,

GERMANY DENMARK FEHMARNBELT Puttgarden Rødbyhavn

FEHMARN 18 km LOLLAND

Upper till Postglacial sand Postglacial sand GRAPHIC Palaeogene clay 30m 40m Lowest point of DENMARK tunnel Copenhagen SWEDEN Meltwater sand Malmö Tunnel Odense Upper till

Flensburg

Meltwater sand Lower till FEHMARNBELT Folded palaeogene clay TUNNEL PROJECT Hamburg Folded palaeogene clay

GERMANY Lower till

N Berlin

56 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 57 World View Fehmarnbelt Tunnel

business and union on both sides Below: Artists out in the months ahead. of the divide are in support of the impression of Comply Serve technical account We will BUILDING THE CUT AND COVER TUNNEL project. the completed manager, UK and Europe Mark need a lot Right now little-to-no actual work Fehmarnbelt Rogers was among the handful of UK on the tunnel is happening. The wide Tunnel companies representing the UK at the of foreign workers, swathes of green pasture on either conference. “Eighty nine concrete segments are to side of the belt sit ready and waiting. “It’s significant that there’s this to accomplish, not The next step will be to examine number of people, when the project is be produced on site in Rodbyhavn, Denmark” an expected shortage of workers still a few years away,” Rogers says. only the Fehmarn through a conference on labour It’s the third foray in Scandinavia markets in late autumn. for the company that offers a cloud “link, but connecting “This might sound strange but data-management service for major we really do suffer from very low projects, including work on Qatar rail, rail projects in east unemployment [about 4.2% in Dohar Metro and Crossrail. Denmark]: the local businesses will “Scandinavians are very open, Denmark struggle to find workers, that’s a fact very happy to hear innovative ideas of life. But we are working very hard and other options, wherever they Existing Stone to solve it,” Winther says. come from. They see what’s working, every half hour, and the trip takes seabed protection “In my opinion, the UK has take the best from elsewhere. It’s 45 minutes (not counting the time it F E layer H M very good chances. We will need refreshing.” takes to queue to board). A R N a lot of foreign workers, to With the tunnel built, journeys from The project will also join up with B E LT accomplish, not only the Fehmarn Hamburg to Copenhagen will take £1.01bn of extra work on rail in East link, but connecting rail projects in under three hours by train, rather Denmark to further enhance the 8.9m east Denmark.” than at least four and a half hours Germany-Sweden link. Central These comments were made before at present via the 160km detour More than 100 bridges will gallery 1m Britain voted to leave the European northwest across the bridges of the be raised and widened to fit Union. And if the referendum Great Belt archipelago. electrification and higher speeds. campaigns were any indication, Vehicles will take 10 minutes to The 120km of line north from the immigration and the free movement navigate the tunnel, while trains will tunnel to Ringsted will be electrified, of workers are among the more take 7 minutes. given a new signals system and politically fraught issues to be ironed Currently, ferries cross the strait upgraded to 200km/h. N Gravel bed

General ﬁll Road 42.2m Road Locking ﬁll Rail Rail

The tunnel trench will be 18km long. ends with steel bulkheads for buoyancy, 72 hours and the element must be placed Sixteen million cubic metres of dredge then raised up to sea level in a dedicated to a 50mm tolerance, using GPS and echo quantity will have to be excavated, harbour next to the factory. sounding technology. and 2.7M.t of rock will placed. The Using two submersible pontoons, each Using a hydraulic arm, the elements trench will be 40m below sea level at element will be floated out to position by are dragged together in the trench, with its lowest depth. four tugboats, accompanied by surveying rubber gaskets joining the ends. and support vessels and supervised by Pumps remove water from between the The tunnel will be a four lane motorway with maritime authorities. bulkheads, with the resulting pressure emergency lanes, with a twin track railway A system of internal ballast tanks will differential forcing the concrete together. in separate tubes enable each element to balance and sink. Reinforced concrete is used to complete Eighty nine concrete segments are to be These tanks will be remotely controlled the joint. produced on site in Rodbyhavn, Denmark from the bridge on the immersion pontoons, The elements rest on a foundation of in a dedicated factory/harbour, with each allowing managers to fine tune an element’s crushed stone up to 1m thick, with coarse tunnel segment taking 61 days to produce. position in the water according to waves and gravel infilled on the sides to hold the Each concrete segment will be 217m long, currents. elements in place. 42.2m wide, 8.9m high, will weigh 73,000t, Once at the site, the elements will Sand will be placed on the gravel, and use 2,282,665m3 of concrete and 309,994t be anchored in a holding area near the about 1m-thick layer of stone will be placed reinforced steel. tunnel trench. Depending on conditions, on the element roof to form a protective The tunnel elements will be sealed at both immersion will then take between 24 and layer flush with the seabed.

58 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER AUGUST 2016 AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 59 World View Fehmarnbelt Tunnel

General ﬁll Road 42.2m Road Locking ﬁll Rail Rail

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irports around the world change in that time.” are growing rapidly to cope Harrison also highlighted the often with increasing numbers conflicting requirements of an airport of passengers. But are the operator’s two main client groups: the airport operators getting the passengers and the airlines: “Airlines are DEBATE best from their supply chains? much more interested in the operational While the wait goes on for a government impact airside than what goes on within the decisionA on airport capacity in the South terminal. The last thing we want to do is East, this does not mean a hiatus in airport disappoint them, which means we have to Doing morE construction and development – far from describe what will be done, and then do it it. The airport operators continue to spend when we said we’d do it. What they want is billions of pounds every year expanding certainty.” and modernising their facilities to meet the changing demands of passengers and Imagination required airlines, as well as addressing the current Neil Thomson, Manchester Airport Group’s security situation. asset management & capital programme And, with all this work being done within director at Stansted Airport, agrees that Thomson: Innovators should not fear failure To sATisfy existing operational airports, there are certainty is a priority, but he also want to significant challenges for the contractors see the supply chain being more imaginative. and consultants working within the sector. “There are so many bits of airport work As WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff aviation going on across the world – surely we should We really do need to director Tim Morrison says: “This is an be seeing something new and innovative,” exciting time in the industry. We’re facing he said. look for new ideas – some interesting challenges: more people are “If you look at runway resurfacing, for otherwise we will be doing AirlinEs AnD flying to more places than ever before. But example, we’ve been doing the same thing there are still a few hurdles to overcome.” for 20 years. There must be ways of doing it the same thing in 10 years’ Morrison made this comment at a better and shortening the timescale. That’s round table event organised by New Civil where the value comes from. time Engineer and sponsored by WSP Parsons “There must be things that can be brought Brinckerhoff that brought major airport from other industries to help freshen things “ operators together with key members of the up. What’s happening elsewhere that can be up,” he says. “It’s not one or other: what infrastructure supply chain. used to respond to the challenges we have?” we’re looking for are options that can be pAssEngErs He added: “Every airport is so busy – investigated. Smooth operation we are back to 2008 [passenger] levels at “The airlines are willing to be pushed in Heathrow Airport development director Manchester and Stansted – so the value of terms of their operational requirements if Phil Wilbraham outlined what he, as an biting a [construction] programme back a there’s something in it for them. So we really airport operator, wants from infrastructure month is huge.” do need to look for new ideas – otherwise oUnD suppliers: “What we want is the operation Thomson says consultants and we will be doing the same thing in 10 years’ r T of the airport to run smoothly – that is contractors should not let the risk of time.”

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T absolutely clear – and for the passengers to failure hold back innovation. “There are l

D T have a fantastic experience.” risk professionals who will balance that E A AirporTs B Timing is the key He added: “We have framework Wilbraham agrees. “I’m happy to move WITH Margo cole agreements with our supply chain, so we things on, but it’s all about timing,” he told are collaborating together. We believe our the suppliers at the event. “You can come supply chain needs to understand us as up with an idea, but it has to be at the right much as we need to understand them, time in the process. We need to have them which is why this is not about lowest cost quite early on. Hopefully you will bring tendering: it’s about value.” innovative ideas, and we can balance with For Dublin Airport managing director the experience we’ve got at the airport. Vincent Harrison the priority is flexibility. “Whatever happens, we can’t risk the “We had 25 plus years of solid growth, operation,” he added. “We maintain and then the economy – and the airport – went operate these airports for years and years. into a very sharp correction between 2008 You could put in all the best innovation, but and 2012,” he explained. “Since then we’ve if you can’t maintain and operate it, you are had recovery, and last year Dublin was the in a mess.” fastest growing airport in Europe. Mace director Nigel Cole responded by “You somehow have to be able to react saying: “It comes down to the procurement to that. There is nothing of any impact in strategy of the individual airport. That an airport that you can build in less than decides whether a construction organisation two years, but there can be an awful lot of Morrison: exciting times for aviation gets involved at an early stage – and that

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60 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 AUGUST 2016 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 61 Round Table Airports

You need to talk aroUND THe TaBle SINK HOLE to contractors who can add value during the Hiro Aso Aviation & transportation practice design process area leader, Gensler Matthew Butters Director, Pascall & Watson Stephen Byrne “decision comes through trust that you, as Head of design & delivery, Dublin the constructor, are going to add value to Airport Authority the process. Keith Cannin “In the last few years we have gone Aviation director, Morgan Sindall further towards the front end,” he added. Darren Colderwood “The traditional route of doing design then Delivery director, Heathrow Airport going to market means you lose that benefit. Nigel Cole We could have ideas but it’s almost too late Director, Mace Harrison: reacting to rapid growth to significantly change the design. You need Jason Fowler to talk to contractors who can add value Partner, Gardiner & Theobald during the design process. Mark Hansford consultants are “Getting contractors involved as early Editor, New Civil Engineer as you can, will give certainty to cost and Vincent Harrison not fully attuned to programme.” Managing director, Dublin Airport Chris Mead what’s happening in terms Tailoring procurement Director, of regulation, security But Dublin Airport Authority head of WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff TO SINK design & delivery Stephen Byrne says that Tim Morrison and the changing needs of different projects need different types of Aviation director, procurement. “Some projects are quite WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff “ airlines utilitarian, and for those we are quite happy Peter Sharratt ARDENT. Keep your work flowing. to go traditional design and build, where the Head of strategic consulting, designer sets out the functional needs and WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff issues a performance specification. But for Neil Thomson airport operator.” something like our new runway, we would Asset management & capital Wilbraham agrees. “I do think the probably go with competitive dialogue. programme director, Stansted contractors have taken a bigger interest in It’s about tying it in with our overall Airport our business than the consultants,” he said. infrastructure, and competitive dialogue Phil Wilbraham “Consultants have been busy taking what offers us the ability to control the design.” Development director, they’ve learned from the UK around the It was obvious from the discussion that Heathrow Airport world, and we don’t necessarily see a return the airport operators feel they are not being on that. best served by the supply chain – especially “Consultants tell us Heathrow is a great marketing tool. What we would like is to get regulated airports like Dublin and Heathrow. ideas brought back to the UK from around These airports have to negotiate their the world. We go to places like [Changi annual charges with their regulator, as well Airport] Singapore, and we can see that they as any money they want to spend on capital do great things, but we don’t always get the projects. ideas brought back to us.” While the consultants in the room may consultants fall short have found these comments a little difficult With the combined resources of established companies One Call and Fork Rent, Ardent “We’ve gone through the last regulatory to hear, they did admit that there was process and engaged the top consultants probably more they could do to understand has the strength to deliver the right equipment at the right price, on time, every time. in world and asked them how we should their UK airport clients better. develop,” said Byrne. “They didn’t all hit the nail on the head – in fact they were quite far Ardent Hire Solutions – Job Done√ away. “The consultants are not fully attuned In association with to what’s happening in terms of regulation, security and the changing needs of airlines. There’s a gap, and we’ve paid a price on Call COMBINING 03333 202 555 Wilbraham: Timing for new ideas is crucial that gap while they’ve learned from us as an & www.ardenthire.com 62 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 Round Table Airports

Engineering Equality

o a Google search boasts that 99% of professionals in We want an for “engineer” and the industry are covered by a signing KeY FACts you will find a body. engineering- preponderance of Greenish remains realistic about hard hats, girders and the progress made. 94% wide recognition of the xy chromosomes. “There’s been a slight In the real world, women make improvement, but it’s still a lousy White male need for diversity and Dup 51% of the UK working age figure,” he says. proportion population, yet only account for 8% Business, Innovation and inclusion of the of professional engineers. Meanwhile Skills secretary Sajid Javid says “ 29% of primary school children are that it is “staggering” that 94% of engineering She says work must happen at all black or minority ethnic (BME), yet the engineering profession is white. workforce levels, to change the mindset across 6% of professional engineers are BME. “Nobody is suggesting that women the profession: “That means not just A review of the Royal Academy of or people from ethnic minorities turning up and reading the report, but Engineering’s Diversity Programme are somehow unsuited to careers in 8% actively championing the cause. (2011-2016) was released on 1 June. engineering, so there must be other “We want an engineering-wide It says the long-standing problem factors in play.” Proportion of recognition of the need for diversity will need to be addressed in the light Outgoing Diversity Committee professional and inclusion. of a looming skills shortage. chair professor Dame Wendy Hall engineers She made a direct plea for Estimates for how many extra calls the report “a milestone”, but as engineers to “deliver the project”. engineers will be needed by 2022 an engineer for more than 30 years, who are “We deliver projects in our day range from 500,000 to 1.8M. Either Hall says she is “frustrated at the women jobs all the time. Think of diversity as way, this would roughly equate to a current pace”. another project to deliver on.” doubling of the number of graduates “I liken it [diversity] to making a The report attempts to “build a and apprentices coming out of clearing in the jungle, it requires a business case” for diversity. universities. huge amount of effort and people. It quotes studies that show a The origins of the Academy's And then suddenly, we’ve all gone connection between diversity and diversity programme date back to somewhere else and the jungle grows company performance: firms with discussions in 2008. In 2011, £200,000 back. a diverse range of staff delivered from the Department Business, “It’s about constant vigilance in higher financial returns on average Innovation and Skills kicked off the this area, because it’s too fragile, too compared to their industry programme. embryonic, too early to say ‘tick, counterparts, as well as greater Royal Academy of Engineering we’re done’ innovation, staff motivation and chief executive Philip Greenish “At this rate, it will be another increased customer satisfaction. makes light of the meagre funding, century before we see a real In addition, regulators will soon saying it forced the Academy to difference. The skills gap is getting require large companies (more actively engage with its partners and wider. We need to create a buzz that than 250 people) to report on their professional institutions. says anyone can enjoy a career in gender pay gap, and there are nine Thirty two professional engineering engineering.” characteristics (including gender, institutions are signed up to a Incoming chair of the Royal race, age, disability, pregnancy and concordat (a non-binding voluntary Academy of Engineers’ newly religion) are currently protected Moving agreement) with the stated goals to named Diversity and Inclusion under law. commit, take action and measure Programme Dervilla Mitchell says The National Equality Standard progress on diversity. she is pleased with the work to date, (NES) is an initiative launched Perhaps interestingly, three but that the industry is changing and by management consultant EY to professional engineering institutions needs to evolve. develop a diversity assessment tool did not sign, but the Academy now The Arup director says she is for employers. “quite frequently surprised” by the NES chief executive Arun Batra lack of progress. says companies should show a strong “Our focus going forward is to public commitment to diversity, the skills gap is be more explicitly centred on what dedicate resources to the problem target we can do well to galvanise the and monitor data on progress. is too Much lip service being paid to getting wider. profession and increase inclusion.” “Companies are willing to In the four-year strategy ahead, Main image: discuss risk when it comes to We need to create a Mitchell said there would be a three- Inspiring young mergers or takeovers, but when efforts to proMote diversity at work? stage process: students into it comes to taking on new staff, buzz that says anyone l inspiring students from a young age engineering is a risking engagement with somebody BY Ro B e R t Henson can enjoy a career in l developing professionals mid- key step towards from a different background, it career achieving somehow becomes a different “ l building leadership. equation.” N engineering diversity

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Engineering Equality

64 new civil engineer | August 2016 AUGUST 2016 | new civil en Gineer 65 ADVERTISING Project Pro le FEATURE

Toureen Group and Wates Victoria & Albert Museum was dug. It was also used for parking Client: Victoria wagons while they were loaded with the and Albert excavated material – ensuring they were Museum kept off Exhibition Road. Main contractor: The project involves three areas of Wates excavation: Construction G the main box, measuring 35m by 40m Specialist in plan, and predominantly 17m deep contractor: G the “dog leg” – a 30m by 9m by Toureen Group 17m deep corridor that extends from Structural the north east corner of the main box engineer: Arup between two existing buildings Project manager G a link structure beneath the existing LendLease “Western Range” of buildings on the Architect north side of the box, which is where Amanda Levete the new galleries will connect with the Dog leg: Horizontal propping Western ranges: Propped support Architects existing museum space. Cost consultant The three areas were dug using Exhibition Road – and left a flat surface basement walls were complete, Toureen Aecom excavators ranging in size from 1.5t for the piling contractors Keller and installed a capping beam on top of the to 13t, with the material having to be Martello Piling to come in and install a piles, and then started to excavate the double- and triple-handled to get it secant piled wall –formed from 600mm massive underground box. within reach of the long reach excavator and 900mm piles in the main box As the work progressed, Toureen perched on top of the platform. On around the entire perimeter of the new installed a temporary steel platform at average, 35 tipper trucks a day were subterranean building and this included a street level, supported on three sides removing spoil from the site. The top 7m temporary retaining wall 4m high, which by the secant piled wall and on the third of the dig is through gravels, with London supported an operating 70t piling rig. by temporary piles. This heavy steel clay below. Toureen stayed on site while the piling structure was key to the success of As the excavations progressed, Toureen was going on, providing wagons to dispose the excavation as it provided a working installed some very intricate temporary of the arisings that were displaced as platform for the 30t long reach excavator works throughout the dig, but especially the piles went in. Then, when the piled that removed excavated material as it around and below the Western Range. Deep dig: Gantry, London’s Victoria and Albert Museum The £28M contract to turn Amanda engineer Arup and client the Victoria and The Western Range excavation main box and may be best known for its fabulous Levete Architects’ vision into reality was Albert Museum. involved supporting the rear façade and dog leg EXHIBITION ROAD COURTYARD PLAN collections of art and design, but it is also won by Wates Construction, which in turn Nolan says Wates initially approached parts of the internal structure with a currently showcasing some impressive appointed London-based Toureen Group Toureen because of its expertise in deep Ceramic Staircase system of temporary plunge columns in engineering. The 150-year old museum to undertake the demolition of existing level basements. The group includes City Tension piles, and needles, before digging 10m is spending £49M on an extension to structures; remove spoil for the piling Basements, which specialises in complex, piles below ground to form the link between Art School its home in South Kensington, and as subcontractor; carry out excavation work; multi-level basements in the capital; the old and new parts of the museum. a result, there is currently a 17m deep prop the main box and two additional and Tilley & Barrett which specialises in Western Ranges These temporary works were designed excavation nestled between the Grade subterranean structures; and construct demolition. Western ranges: Propped support by Wates and Toureen whose in-house I-listed Victorian buildings. the internal concrete substructures for The firm’s first task was to demolish a Dog leg temporary works department used sti ness the basement galleries. series of old boilerhouses in the existing and loading parameters speciﬁ ed by the The extension has been designed by Toureen Group was formed 24 courtyard. They were up to 8.5m deep Aston project’s structural engineer, Arup. Webb Amanda Levete Architects, which won years ago, and operates in a range of and surrounded by very sensitive Grade “Engineering a solution to support the Main box Building an international design competition in specialist sectors that include demolition, I-listed buildings. “We had to do it in Western Range façade required a very 2011. The competing designers were asked groundworks and civil engineering, multi- a meticulous fashion to split the old Henry Cole coordinated approach,” explains Wates Building to create a new subterranean gallery for level basement construction and high-rise substructure from the foundations Construction’s senior temporary works temporary exhibitions, a public courtyard reinforced concrete frames. of the adjoining structures, and then engineer Colin Luckhurst Approx. line of section set within the existing buildings, and a new “This project drew in the skill set demolish them,” explains Eddie McDaid, The carefully coordinated scheme entrance on the west side of the museum. and talent of all disciplines within the operations manager of Toureen Group meant Toureen was able to strategically The new gallery will be below street Toureen Group, we felt like custodians subsidiary Tilley & Barrett Demolition. place the piled plunge columns, needle level, with a courtyard above, so it is being of the Grade I-listed building during the “Understandably, we had to work within Exhibition the sensitive structure, jack it up by created by digging a massive box that works,” explains Toureen Group managing very strict vibration limits..” Road 1mm to mobilise its static load, partially Temporary props fills almost the entire footprint of the director Denis Nolan. Having demolished the boilerhouses excavate under it, install the permanent available space, bounded on three sides by He says that the success of the project and their extensive foundations, Toureen Secant pile wall new support beams, then excavate to museum buildings and on the other by the was down to team work between Toureen, backfilled the area to lower ground level Four temporary gantry piles depth, bracing the columns as it went. LUL pedestrian tunnel busy Exhibition Road. main contractor Wates, structural – 2m below the level of the adjoining The main contractor also engineered

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INSTITUTION INFRASTRUCTURE a temporary works solution to enable the piling in the Western Ranges to be carried out in one visit as opposed to 3D MODEL Broyd seeks the two proposed on the original Arup State of the Nation report sequence drawings. Presidential This involved utilising parts of the Apprentices permanent rectangular steel frames that sets out devolution priorities were to be installed to allow the removal of internal cross-walls, to act in the Tim Broyd, who succeeds Sir temporary condition. This created the John Armitt as ICE President Infrastructure must be clear space required for Martello’s mini- in November, is looking for piling rig to install the 600mm diameter graduates and technicians to part of plans to devolve piles in one visit. Wates worked closely join his team as ICE Presidents power to the regions with Arup to develop an acceptable Apprentices. solution that did not exert any undue Each year the President says ICE stresses on the structure. selects six apprentices to All props and associated walings were mentor throughout their year Putting infrastructure positioned such that the permanent in office. improvements at the heart of works could be constructed without the They will work on projects the devolution agenda could need to reposition the props. Arup structural model across the whole spectrum of significantly boost local growth, Walings took the form of capping ICE activities, including policy, environmental sustainability beams, steel universal beams or concrete Toureen gantry model public engagement and industry and quality of life, according to transformation. Apprentices a new ICE report. beams formed within the permanent Bourne steel model works lining walls, the latter being used choose a project and work with The report adds that to avoid any re-propping during the top Wates propping model the team at ICE to shape and combined local authorities can down construction where the lining walls deliver it. realise these benefits with the had structural requirements. Wates temporary The scheme also provides right investment, frameworks Meanwhile, in the “dog leg” section works model an intensive development and skills. of the new building – constructed using programme including gaining The ICE’s State of the Nation: conventional “bottom up” methods – A 3D federated model of the building was steel beams which were to be installed later. experience on strategic ICE Devolution report backs Toureen propped the excavation as it went compiled in-house by Wates from different This model provided a vital role in coordinating projects, media training and the government’s efforts to down, installing four layers of temporary sources including Arup, Amanda Levene structural components, some of which were access to industry leaders. rebalance the economy with “Transformational” infrastructure requires easier access to flexible finance props as the excavation proceeded. Architects, Bourne Steel, Wates, and Toureen via engineered with minimal clearance between The apprentices become part a focus on infrastructure as The internal walls have since been a number of different 3D platforms. permanent and temporary works. Several passes of the President’s apprentice the key driver. It also supports and how they will drive growth. mean feat, but with the right constructed using insitu reinforced of clash detection were carried out as the scheme alumni network, and will have the creation of new combined It claimed a more integrated frameworks, investment and concrete, with shutters and This allowed the temporary works, gantry and developed including incorporating as-built the opportunity to continue to authorities and transport approach would produce skills in place they can succeed. reinforcement threaded through the main façade support to be accurately positioned while positions of props once they were installed. work on an ICE project after bodies. broader benefits and could “We would like to see the box excavation and the props. not fouling the very complex permanent works Numerous design workshops between Toureen, Broyd’s presidency ends if they But the ICE has called for attract more public support for restrictions on combined “We had to line up all the temporary structure. Arup, Wates and the V&A Museum were held, so wish. greater efforts to deliver the devolution. authorities accessing additional props to create enough clear space to Details were taken right down to the modelling that the best possible workable temporary works Technician and graduate benefits of devolution. It said “The benefits of effective financing streams lifted, so they thread the formwork and reinforcement of the flanges which connected the tubular props solutions were develop to satisfy the constraints members working towards their local authorities should be infrastructure are well can invest in infrastructure through,” explains Toureen Contractors as these were positioned to fall between permanent and concerns of all parties. professional qualification must allowed easier access to flexible established – it can boost – and skills – that can really site engineer Donal O’Shea. apply, by 5 September 2016. financing streams to supplement economic growth, create jobs, transform a region. “The positioning of the temporary l Find out more at: www.ice.org. central government funding. regenerate communities, “To ensure decisions works was meticulously planned to make uk/presidents-apprentices This could enable investment in connect people and places on spending are strategic, sure we didn’t have any clashes and that “transformational” infrastructure, and drive environmental overarching infrastructure we had as many apertures as possible to SOUND AND VIBRATION MONITORING and the development of skills to sustainability,” said ICE vice strategies should be developed, get materials through,” says O’Shea. deliver it. president, Adrian Coy. based on need. Midlands Three intermediate concrete floors All buildings surrounding the site have vibration, was carried out without exceeding any of the The ICE said an infrastructure “It is right that infrastructure Connect and Transport for the have since been formed within the dog sound and movement monitoring with strict trigger levels for ground movement, which were strategy based on need should investment is the driving force North have provided greater leg using insitu concrete. trigger levels. set by Arup after it carried out a finite element be established for every current behind the government’s plans focus for transport services and Unlike the dog leg, the main box has analysis of the dig to understand how the and emerging economic area to rebalance the economy, we should build on this success, been constructed using the “top down” The vibration sensors are very sensitive and when surrounding buildings and ground would react. to ensure money is directed at and we hope to see ongoing establishing strategies for all method. Toureen excavated down to B2 acceptable levels are exceeded (this happened This analysis was also pivotal in rationalising the the right projects. The strategy commitment to the devolution networks– recognising their basement level, installing props as the typically during the demolition stage), a text propping scheme Arup proposed at tender stage, includes rural areas without a agenda during the European interdependent nature – and excavation progressed. It then cast the message is sent to selected personnel to make as it meant that fewer props could be installed multi-city make up. Union exit negotiations, so all wider areas as they emerge. concrete slab that will eventually form them aware of the issue. without compromising the structural ability of the The ICE also recommended momentum is not lost. The National Needs Assessment the floor at this level. Works in the vicinity of the triggered sensor then secant piles to support the ground and prevent the that all new devolution “Looking forwards, combined ICE is leading, which will feed The new galleries, courtyard and cease while the cause is investigated, evaluated, subsequent reaction of the surrounding buildings proposals clearly set out how authorities must now take into the National Infrastructure entrance are due to open to the public in and a solution agreed. The basement excavation to any movement induced. they will improve environmental the helm and deliver these Commission, offers a workable spring 2017. Broyd: Next ICE President sustainability and quality of life, benefits locally. This will be no model.”

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L ATEST suggested the record attempt, said: “The design and construction M A j OR PROj ECT VIEW of the Lego bridge would ICE to build world’s demonstrate civil engineering in action in a fun and accessible way to all ages.” longest Lego bridge Bridge Engineering will also house interactive and World record bid to create longest span will kick educational displays of historic Gotthard Base bridge engineering. The off a new bridge engineering exhibition at Great exhibition will include major nineteenth century engineering George Street in the autumn innovations including the struggle of Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Sarah Guppy to tunnel: the journey ICE members and a professional frame, glue or other supports. span the Avon Gorge; and the Lego accredited artist will join Construction management construction of Telford and forces this autumn to create a software company Cemar is Robert Stephenson’s road and The recent opening of huge bridge made entirely out of the first sponsor of the Bridge rail crossings of the treacherous Switzerland’s Gotthard It was popular support Lego bricks. Engineering exhibition. It has Menai Strait. Often considered Base Tunnel provides that drove the political This will to mark the opening helped to fund the exhibition the cream of nineteenth century another example of of “Bridge Engineering” – a as it believes it will enable the bridge design invention, the today’s engineers will for this project new exhibition space at ICE ICE to reach a wider audience three bridges helped shape all creating engineering headquarters. of potential engineers. It also long span bridge engineering wonders that supplant The design and construction believes the exhibition will around the world. Mike the achievements of team hopes to break an official educate the public about the The Bridge Engineering Chrimes a century ago. The population effectively revolted, and work was Guinness world record by vital role of civil engineers in exhibition will also cover the new Gotthard Tunnel “initially only approved for a diversionary tunnel building the longest bridge society. The ICE is now seeking 21st century, showing how is set to revolutionise while work to repair the existing tunnel took span in the world made entirely more industry sponsorship modern civil engineers have transport through the place. The preferred alternative was for a new from interlocking plastic bricks. industry to help fund the created the longest spans the Alps. These modern megaprojects have been railway tunnel, or rather a series of tunnels, with The rules state the bridge must exhibition. world had ever seen. achieved with relative ease compared with the a view to taking freight traffic on the Rotterdam- be completely free standing ICE member and Cemar l For sponsorship inquiries original schemes, despite their larger scale. Genoa axis off Switzerland’s roads. without the aid of a reinforcing director Nick Woodrow, who Severn Bridge: The exhibition celebrates pioneering bridge projects contact [email protected] The original 15km long Gotthard tunnel The original Gottardbahn follows a broke through in 1880. Although not the first winding route, the new high speed line or Alp transalpine railway tunnel, it was the most Transit project includes the Lötschberg Base P ROCUREMENT ICE impressive achievement. Tunnel between Bern and Valais, and the Ceneri PaSS LIStS, ByLaw 16 The contractors lost 12.45M francs on the Base Tunnel (scheduled to open in 2020) to Backing for new Editorial panels job, having completed it over two years late. the south. It will cut the Zürich-Milan journey The principal contractor Louis Favre died time for passenger trains by one hour. Although As New Civil Engineer is now project framework members needed of a heart attack in the tunnel in 1879. The project costs were exceeded by about 10%, it published monthly, the names workings were wet from the first, water to power was completed ahead of schedule. of candidates recently awarded A new project initiation route ICE is inviting members to apply compressed air for the drilling equipment was The idea was first proposed in 1947 by Carl a professional qualification with map was launched at ICE last to join the Editorial Panels of in short supply, and the serpentine rock was Eduard Gruner, an engineer from Basel, who had ICE will only be published online month, by the Infrastructure ICE journals. ICE Publishing unexpectedly hard. Lining was made difficult the visionary idea of a Gotthard Base Tunnel as at newcivilengineer.com/latest/ and Projects Authority. The produces 34 international by areas of weak rock with the consistency of an element in a high speed transit system. The icenews. They will no longer be route map was first published journals on all aspects of civil flowing clay. Dust and fumes crippled workers idea was under serious consideration from the published in the print edition. in 2014 in response to findings engineering. Editorial Panel and hookworm took a heavy toll, resulting 1960s, but it was only the environmental impact from the government’s members can network with overall in more than 310 deaths and 877 of road freight traffic that created the political The pass lists will also be published Infrastructure Cost Review. This others in their fields of interest permanent disabilities. will to undertake such a project. At the launch: (left to right) ICE director general Nick Baveystock, on ICE’s website, along with the indicated that delivery failures and study, and gain deeper In 1980 the 16.9km long Gotthard Road It is of interest, in the context of the arguments Transport for London transformation programme manager Arnab names of all candidates applying can often be traced back to a understanding and knowledge Tunnel, the longest road tunnel in the world was in the UK about High Speed 2, that it was Banerjee, Infrastructure Projects Authority (IPA) chief executive Tony for professionally qualified project’s initial set up. The route of a subject area. Panel completed. Forming part of the A2 motorway popular support that drove the political will Meggs, Tideway chief executive Andy Mitchell and IPA head of strategy membership (Bylaw 16). Both map provides a framework to membership also contributes route from Basel to Chiasso, it comprises only for this project, and it was support based and policy Alan Couzens can be viewed at www.ice.org.uk/ help project leaders identify to CPD. ICE Publishing is also one bidirectional tube with two lanes. Parallel on widespread understanding of the lack of bylaw16 under “newest qualified and mitigate problems often update, which includes new Client Group which developed inviting expressions for project to the rail tunnel, it was built to deal with the capacity on the Swiss transport network. This member”. Lists will remain on the encountered in the early modules on risk and asset it in collaboration with the papers to be published in ICE enormous post war growth in road traffic. kind of understanding can be lacking when site for 28 days. To view lists on stages of a project. ICE director management, will further government. I encourage use journals. For more details Road freight through Switzerland continued to megaprojects are considered. Perhaps this new the New Civil Engineer website, general Nick Baveystock strengthen clients’ capabilities. of the framework and welcome about the panels contact ben. grow unabated, but when a proposal was made Swiss wonder will help. visit newcivilengineer.com/latest/ urged major clients to use the The ICE is delighted to have feedback on it, so we can [email protected] or visit to increase this tunnel’s capacity the Swiss ● Mike Chrimes is an engineering historian ice-news document. “This route map supported the Infrastructure continue to improve.” www.icevirtuallibrary.com

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EDItORIaL ENQUIRIES Email: [email protected] Editor | Mark Hansford (020) 3033 2821 mark.hansford M & J Drilling has established a reputation Why should I Deputy Editor | Alexandra Wynne of delivering outstanding service (020) 3033 2822 alexandra.wynne News Editor | Nadine Buddoo to its broad client base over the past 34 years. (020) 3033 2669 nadine.budoo Operating a ﬂ eet of modern geotechnical drilling rigs Features editor | Robert Henson throughout the United Kingdom. (020) 3033 2852 robert.henson Commercial editor | Michaila Hancock Volunteer? (020) 3033 2612 michaila.hancock to tender documents, • Stabilisation of Mine Workings Paint a thousand words technical reporter | Katherine Smale • Rotary Core Drilling Investigations bid submissions, interview shows and pre-construction (020) 3033 4279 katherine.smale technical reporter | Tom Hart • Location & Treatment of Mine Shafts presentations with Marsotti’s digital construction service (020) 3033 2951 • Sewer Abandonment Grouting From logistics layouts to phasing diagrams, our graphics will help you Chief Sub Editor | Andy Bolton • Ground Anchors & Soil Nails I have written before Volunteering boosted (020) 3033 2823 | andy.bolton clarify tenders, win bids, convey intentions and improve planning about the importance ONLINE aCCESS ENQUIRIES • Utility Pipeline Annulus Grouting to the Institution my conﬁ dence and Email: [email protected] • Sonic Rotary Core Drilling Visit www.marsotti.co.uk or call 0114 345 0323 of volunteering and • Ground Source Heating Boreholes of the variety of ways EDItORIaL aDVISORy BOaRD helped to prepare me for some Robert Mair (chair), Bill Grose, Alan that we can support Clucas, Andrew Mylius, Martin Knights, APPLYING REALISTIC SOLUTIONS TO COMPLEX PROBLEMS Glen our profession – of the workplace situations Michelle Hicks, Mike Napier, Miles whether it is writing Ashley, Rob Naybour, Tim Chapman, [email protected] | Tel: +44 (0)1902 885241 preCast ConCrete Owen articles for ICE that I have faced in my career Tony Gates, Zakiyya Adam, Aimi Elias, www.mandjdrilling.com journals, joining “ John Dillon, David Caiden, Andrew the local committee, giving a presentation, Crudgington, Fay Bull, Sophie McPhilips, Stephen Wells, Jennifer Cooke supporting a school careers fair or mentoring into our careers because we knew an engineer or GeoteChniCal a fellow engineer. There are many ways to had parents who were engineers. This isn’t the Magazine of the help. However, why should you and what is case for everyone, and so telling children about Institution of Civil Engineers in it for you? your career at the very least informs them about 1 Great George Street, I have volunteered for the ICE for longer than some of the alternatives to the work that their London SW1P 3AA 020 7222 7722 www.ice.org.uk I care to think about, but got into it because I family members or family friends might do. And thought it might help further my career. And the helping others is a lovely way to spend your day. ICE MEMBERS’ aDDRESS thing is – it did. I organised evening meetings for Finally, one thing that really helps to keep CHaNGES/ SUBSCRIPtIONS my local association and this meant I had a good me engaged with the volunteering activities of QUERIES Geotechnical Solutions reason to talk to some of the most senior people the ICE is that it can be very enjoyable. I have www.ice.org.uk/myice to update your in my workplace. recently spent a few days travelling around my address quickly online. For subscription queries, please phone 020 7665 It seemed they were impressed by my region to visit all the entrants to our annual 2227, or email [email protected] enthusiasm for the profession and opportunities awards. This is a highlight of my year and opened up for me. The challenge of doing while it is a bit of a commitment, it is hugely SUBSCRIPtIONS something a little bit different to the stuff I was rewarding, informative and fun. You get to spend For subscription queries contact; 01236 467 000 doing at work also helped to make me a better your day with lots of engineers who talk about dsb.net Ltd 3 Queensbridge www.bamritchies.co.uk GeophysiCal surveys timber software employee. I got the opportunity to hone my their projects enthusiastically and are proud of Macrete NCE 93x50mm Oct 14-paths.indd 1 10/10/2014 12:41 Northampton NN4 7BF presentation skills, chair meetings – it boosted what they have achieved. Telephone: 01604 251030 my confi dence and helped to prepare me for There are many different types of volunteering GeoteChniCal testinG & investiGation some of the workplace situations that I have activities available at ICE and you can get as All rights reserved © 2016 New Civil faced in my career. much out of them as others receive from your Engineer. An EMAP service – Powered Meeting and motivating the next generation is commitment to them. If you would like to help by ASCENTIAL; Printed by Headley Ltd Registered as a newspaper with the a great way to give something back to society. I the Institution and promote civil engineering, Post Office ISSN 0307-7683; Geotechnical MATERIALS have worked in schools where children do not we would love to hear from you – we just need Issue No: 2040 investiGation & CONSULTANCY desiGn, RadaR & UKAS-ACCREDITED hear about the diversity on offer in the world of some details about you and the areas you are Statements made or opinions otheR Geophysical LABORATORIES seRvices STRUCTURAL work, and don’t really understand their place interested in. expressed in New Civil Engineer do not GeoenviRonmental INVESTIGATION & assessment TESTING within it. Meeting an enthusiastic engineer does l To register your interest visit www.ice.org. necessarily reflect the views of ICE UKas-accRedited ROPE ACCESS & Council or ICE committees laboRatoRies CONFINED SPACE help many pupils understand that they can have uk/ about-us/what-we-do/register-your-interest- Remediation SERVICES seRvices EXPERT WITNESS a meaningful career. Meeting working engineers and-get-involved SERVICES Tel: 01442 437500 newCivilenGineer.Com also helps to raise aspirations. Many of us got l Glen Owen is ICE East of England director www.rsk.co.uk www.rsk.co.uk [email protected] [email protected] Tel: 01442 416673

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76 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 JUNE 2016 | NEw civil ENgiNEEr 76 Careers Careers c O n TAc T steven fox 020 3033 2859 STeven.fO x@emA p.cO m CONTACT STEVEN FOX 020 3033 2859 [email protected]

Civil Engineer £32,422 - £35,402 Ref: 1496572 18 month Fixed Term Appointment Wendover, Buckinghamshire Trusted recruitment advisors Forestry Commission England is the government department responsible for protecting, You will have 5 years post qualifi cation experience in a civil engineering role, including expanding and promoting the sustainable management of woodlands and increasing design and contract management, together with a degree or equivalent in civil bringing candidates and their value to society and the environment. East England Forest District (EEFD) manages engineering. You will be competent in the use of AutoCAD and Microsoft Offi ce software 35000ha of public forest estate in Norfolk, Suffolk, Kent, East Sussex and the Chilterns, and be a strong communicator with enthusiasm and energy to deliver to time and to including the popular Wendover Woods Forest Centre, near Aylesbury, Bucks which will budget. If you share our passion for maintaining the nation’s woodlands and have the organisations together to be the main focus of this post. Plans are in place for a major redevelopment of the Forest experience, skills and competencies outlined above we would like to meet you. Centre over the next few years including a new café, car park and play trail to facilitate To fi nd out more and apply visit our website build outstanding careers. and promote enjoyment of Wendover Woods and the wider Chilterns AONB (Area of www.forestry.gov.uk/vacancies using the above job Outstanding Natural Beauty). reference number. Further your career today; Take on this role and you will develop the technical designs for a new car park, play Closing date: 15 August 2016. trail, connecting pathways and car park management system at Wendover; you will Director, Development Infrastructure No recruitment agencies please. then procure contract services and project manage through to delivery. You will also £80k - £100k + benefits, Birmingham support the delivery of the wider EEFD civil engineering programme including forest We are committed to providing equal opportunities for all sectors of our Leading consultancy / large UK & international schemes road and facility construction, maintenance and repair. diverse community. Senior Infrastructure Engineer £50k - £55k + benefits, Hertfordshire High quality residential & commercial / prestigious developer www.forestry.gov.uk/vacancies Senior Infrastructure Engineer £54k - £58k + benefits, Central London “Conrad Consulting is Multi-discipline / broad sector base / award winning the leader of the class in consultancy Civil and Structural Principal Engineer £45k - £50k, Newcastle Engineering recruitment” Global firm / expanding the team / seeking Chartered MICE SENIOR ENGINEER Associate Director Circa £50,000 per annum, Excellent benefits package including company car £45k - £50k + flexible benefits, Hertford International award winning firm / high profile schemes Caterham, Surrey Senior Engineer, Development Infrastructure Croudace Homes is an award-winning, family-owned house £40k - £45k + benefits, Glasgow / Edinburgh builder constructing skilfully designed homes in the south east of Multi-discipline / international schemes / England. We have an exciting opportunity for a Senior Engineer good career progression to be based at our Head Office in Caterham. The role involves responsibility for all technical matters throughout the design and construction process, including the preparation of concept and detailed designs, taking the lead on project matters and supervising less experienced members of our technical team. You will have extensive experience of highway and drainage design, sound commercial understanding and have excellent interpersonal skills. You should have some proficiency in the use of Autocad, WinDes and PDS and will hold either Incorporated or Find all jobs at conradconsulting.co.uk Architecture Chartered status with the Institution of Civil Engineers. London 0203 1595 387 Building Services This is a fantastic opportunity to work for a Company that truly To advertise in the next issue of Suffolk 01728 726 120 Civil & Structural values its people. New Civil Engineer please contact Leeds 01132 805 840 Construction Manchester 0161 209 3246 MEP - Design & Sustainability To apply send a covering letter with your CV to: Steven Fox on 020 3033 2859 or Birmingham 0121 698 2085 Human Resources, Croudace Homes Limited, Croudace House, Surveying Caterham, Surrey, CR3 6XQ or email [email protected] email [email protected] [email protected] Traffic & Transport

78 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 79 Careers Careers c O n TAc T steven fox 020 3033 2859 STeven.fO x@emA p.cO m CONTACT STEVEN FOX 020 3033 2859 [email protected]

78 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 79 Careers Careers c O n TAc T steven fox 020 3033 2859 STeven.fO x@emA p.cO m CONTACT STEVEN FOX 020 3033 2859 [email protected] Where can you help build better communities? Menasa & Partners is a Dubai based Executi ve Search & Naturally Skanska Recruitment company that places qualiﬁ ed Senior level Civil

Engineering professionals globally. Skanska, MWH and Balfour Beatty were selected as joint of work covers water, wastewater, infrastructure (pipes) venture partners to deliver Thames Water’s capital delivery and non-infrastructure schemes. programme under the eight2O alliance. Other alliance Skanska is currently looking for people to join the eight O partners include the Costain and Atkins joint venture, IBM 2 From our hub in the Centre of the world, and a further oﬃ ce in Singapore, we have excellent client relati onships team in a number of diverse roles, whether your focus is as the technology partner and Thames Water as both technical expertise, leading people or project delivery. spanning The Middle East, South East Asia, Southern & Eastern Europe, South America and Africa. partner and client. Make your next career move with us: skanska.co.uk/ Our vacancies exist with Civil Engineering Consultancies as well as Project Management Companies and private/ The seven-year contract is the largest of its kind in Europe. It careers will help to ensure the resilience of the water infrastructure government clients. We cover: Highways, Bridges & Traﬃ c/Transportati on, Ports, Coastal & Mariti me, in London and the south for future generations. The scope Water & Wastewater, Airports & Rail, Architecture, Buildings & Property & MEP, Quanti ty Surveying, Commercial & Project Management and Executi ve Leadership/Management roles.

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Most of our vacancies require a minimum of degree qualifi cati on and 7+ years’ experience in a certain verti cal. Take on In the fi rst instance, for a confi denti al discussion about the roles Take on we have on off er, please email your CV to Tomorrow [email protected] Tomorrow

Sydney and Melbourne are going through an infrastructure boom, with exciting new projects across urban regeneration, road, rail, airports and freight shaping these urban metropolises for the future. Develop your skills and grow a brilliant career working alongside the industry’s best and brightest. We are seeking collaborative team players with 5-15+ years’ experience in the following areas:

• Civil Engineers • Traffic Engineers/Modellers • Highway Engineers • Rail Engineers • Civil Engineers • Traffic Engineers/Modellers • Drainage Engineers • Civil Drafters/Designers • Highway Engineers • Rail Engineers • Structural Bridge Engineers • MX/12D Designers • Drainage Engineers • Civil Drafters/Designers •AECOM Structural is a great Bridge place Engineersto work. We offer a fun and engaging• MX/12D work environment Designers where career development and mentoring opportunities are prioritised, and where social interaction and work flexibility is the norm. We have been recognised for our commitment to gender equity and value Searching Executi ve TalentGlobally www.menasaandpartners.com diversity. For further information or to apply, visit our website.

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80 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 aecom.com/au/careers AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 81 Careers Careers c O n TAc T steven fox 020 3033 2859 STeven.fO x@emA p.cO m CONTACT STEVEN FOX 020 3033 2859 [email protected] Where can you help build better communities? Menasa & Partners is a Dubai based Executi ve Search & Naturally Skanska Recruitment company that places qualiﬁ ed Senior level Civil

aecom.com/au/careers All applications will be treated as strictly confidential.

80 new civil engineer | AUg UST 2016 aecom.com/au/careers AUGUST 2016 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 81 Future Engineer Burt Browne UK’s Number One For Technical Recruitment

It’s time to reach new heights Ready foR As the UK’s No.1 Technical Recruiter,* we have thousands of I’m excited positions for construction specialists. by the people I meet, and learning We also help candidates take the leap into a new job by assisting about their experience every step of the way. From CV support to interview tips, we do everything we can to help find roles that best fit the person. “ The areas we cover include: anythingBY MIcH a I la Hancock Architecture Public Health Building Roads/Highways urt Browne is a consultant I’m excited by the people I meet, engineers have gotten so good at Civil Structural at Phase Consultants. Here and learning about their experience. refining what we do. he describes what it takes Sometimes people who I had figured Building Services Water/Utilities to do his job. out, surprise me with the breadth and How did you get into the job/what was depth of the experience they have your career route? Landscape to offer. There’s mutual appreciation I got into the job by seeing hard hats when people are acknowledged for in a shop window with the word BDescribe your job what they bring to the table. “consultants” above it. I thought I provide advice to businesses about I’ve worn hard-hats and I want to be property, health and safety and What stands out as the most consulted on the matter. So I knocked Contact [email protected] environmental matters, in particular interesting project you’ve worked on? on the door and was fortunate to be businesses with a diverse range of I’m currently working on an invited back. My mother pointed out or call 0161 464 8960 enterprises. My job is delivering interesting project which ranges from to me that mining companies were advice to clients. The work is upskilling people in rehabilitation, to offering bursaries to study geology See what is on offer at morson.com/construction interesting and varied, and involves advising on a Hollywood production. and I had taken a childhood interest preparing and running training The production is adapted from a because the Durban campus of Natal *Top 250 Report 2015, published by Recruitment International. sessions and technical briefings. book which describes an all-female University, where she worked as a PA, science, technology, engineering and had a geology museum. Why does your job matter? maths (STEM) team setting out into My job matters to me because I an area abandoned by civilisation. It’s How far removed from the traditional role value sustainable development. The going to be interesting to see if the of the civil engineer do you think your environment is my major concern. film stays true to the gender spec. job is? When I have finished my career, I want I don’t think I am removed from the there to be better protection of earth, How do you explain what you do to your traditional role of the civil engineer. more exploration of space – more friends and family? Brunel was an apprentice of clock- dealing with its problems and its If it’s too late in the day, I’m the making and horology and Bazalgette energy. “health and safety guy”. If friends began his career working on and family have time, where do I end railway projects. So I’m still waiting What’s the most exciting part of your explaining? I usually begin as any for someone to tell me what the week? consultant would, I ask them what traditional role of a civil engineer is. I’m all about the unexpected. they do. Once I understand, I draw Discovery excites me. Whether it’s their attention to their reliance on What would you be if you weren’t in this educating myself about transport and civil engineering. To me, perfection role? traffic engineering, or commenting is civil engineering. Society doesn’t I’d be a customer solutions designer on industry exposure to legislation. see civil engineering because civil for a civils product supplier.

82 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | AUGUST 2016

410208 Morson A4 New Civil Engineer ad_alt.indd 1 01/07/2016 14:14 Future Engineer Burt Browne UK’s Number One For Technical Recruitment

82 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | AUGUST 2016

410208 Morson A4 New Civil Engineer ad_alt.indd 1 01/07/2016 14:14 ON DANGEROUS GROUND?

Uretek is the world’s leading geopolymer ground engineering Talk to company; for 40 years we have pioneered the use of ground URETEK injection systems, using expansive resins to control and manage We improve the ground under the built the soils underneath the built environment. environment through pioneering ground injection techniques. Our solutions can be applied to virtually any scheme to depths in excess of 20 metres, with an accuracy of up to 250 microns. We have engineered the ground beneath major UK airports, railways and road networks and we operate across the industrial property sector where major facilities require re-leveling, load Slabs drop due We inject directly Our resins expand Slabs raised capacity increase and structural support. Globally, our solutions to weak ground through the slab and strengthen back to level by expansive forces have now been applied on almost 200,000 projects.

To read more about URETEK solutions scan the QR code, or visit www.uretek.co.uk or call WE KEEP YOUR WORLD RUNNING www.uretek.co.uk 0800 084 3503

70286_URETEK_NCE Ad 265x210mm.indd 1 17/05/2016 11:54