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JAZZ HARMONY I Chord Symbols and Chord Extensions Subcourse MU 3320 EDITION A US Army Element, School of Music 1420 Gator Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23521-5170 8 Credit Hours Edition Date: 1991 SUBCOURSE OVERVIEW This subcourse is designed to teach you how to construct chords and label them with the correct chord symbols. Unless otherwise stated, the masculine gender of singular pronouns is used to refer to both men and women. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE ACTION: You will construct chords and label them with the correct chord symbols. CONDITION: Given the information in this subcourse. STANDARD: Demonstrated competency by achieving a minimum of 70% on the subcourse examination. This subcourse supports the following Soldier's Manual Tasks: 514-469-3001 Arrange Music For a Combo 514-469-3002 Score Music For The Marching Band 514-441-3501 Train The Section For Performance In A Marching/Ceremonial Setting 514-441-3702 Train The Section For Performance In A Non-Marching/Non-Ceremonial Setting 514-455-4501 Train The Ensemble For Performance In A Marching/Ceremonial Setting 514-455-4502 Train The Ensemble For Performance In A Non-Marching/Non-Ceremonial Setting 514-455-4723 Lead The Stage Band In Performance This subcourse supports the following Warrant Officer Bandmaster Tasks: 02-4407.00-0005 Conduct The Concert Band in Performance 02-4407.00-0007 Rehearse The Concert Band 02-4407.00-0012 Prepare Musical Score For Rehearsal/Performance S2-4409.00-0001 Compose/Arr/Trans Marches & Organizational Songs S2-4409.00-0002 Compose/Arr/Trans Openers/Fanfares S2-4407.00-0004 Compose/Arr/Trans Concert Band Selections S2-4409.00-0008 Compose/Arr/Trans Ensemble Music TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBCOURSE OVERVIEW ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS GRADING AND CERTIFICATION LESSON 1: TRIADS INTRODUCTION PART A - CHORD SYMBOLS PART B - MAJOR TRIADS PART C - MINOR TRIADS PART D - AUGMENTED TRIADS PART E - DIMINISHED TRIADS PRACTICAL EXERCISE ANSWER KEY AND FEEDBACK LESSON 2: SIXTH CHORDS INTRODUCTION PART A - MAJOR SIXTH CHORDS PART B - MINOR SIXTH CHORDS PART C - AUGMENTED AND DIMINISHED SIXTH CHORDS PRACTICAL EXERCISE ANSWER KEY AND FEEDBACK LESSON 3: SEVENTH CHORDS INTRODUCTION PART A - DOMINANT SEVENTH CHORDS PART B - MINOR SEVENTH CHORDS PART C - MINOR SEVENTH (FLAT FIVE) CHORDS PART D - AUGMENTED SEVENTH CHORDS PART E - DIMINISHED SEVENTH CHORDS PART F - MAJOR SEVENTH CHORDS PART G - MINOR/MAJOR SEVENTH CHORDS PRACTICAL EXERCISE ANSWER KEY AND FEEDBACK LESSON 4: EXTENDED CHORDS INTRODUCTION PART A - EXTENDED CHORD SYMBOLS PART B - EXTENSIONS PART C - INTERPRETING EXTENDED CHORD SYMBOLS PRACTICAL EXERCISE ANSWER KEY AND FEEDBACK LESSON 5: LESS COMMON CHORDS INTRODUCTION PART A - SUSPENDED FOURTH CHORDS PART B - SPECIFIED BASS NOTE CHORDS PART C - ADDED NOTE CHORDS PART D - ALTERED CHORDS PRACTICAL EXERCISE ANSWER KEY AND FEEDBACK EXAMINATION ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS 1. Number of lessons in this subcourse: 5. 2. Supervisory requirements: None. 3. References: You can read Chapters 10, 11, 15, and 19 of TC 12-41, Basic Music, to obtain information about intervals, triads, chords, and chord symbols. You can also take subcourse MU 1305, Intervals and Triads. NOTE: The triads and chords throughout this subcourse are in root position. GRADING AND CERTIFICATION INSTRUCTIONS Practice and Practical Exercises: Links are provided for practice and practical exercises so the answers can be written down and compared to the answer key at the end of each exercise. Examination: This subcourse contains a multiple-choice examination covering the material in five lessons. After studying the lessons and working through the Practical Exercises, complete the examination. Point and click on the small circle to the left of your choice for each question. NOTE: You may select only one choice for each question. We recommend you print out your completed examination before submitting. This will give you a record of your answers in case you need to resubmit due to electronic transmission. NOTE: Some older browsers may not support this function. To submit your exam for grading, point and click on SUBMIT. You will receive an interim examination score by electronic mail. You will receive a final score by surface mail after computer grading. You will receive eight credit hours for successful completion of this examination. LESSON ONE TRIADS OVERVIEW LESSON DESCRIPTION: In this lesson you will learn to construct triads based on the information contained in a chord symbol. You will also learn to label triads with the correct chord symbol. LESSON OBJECTIVE: OBJECTIVE: At the end of this lesson you will be able to construct major, minor, augmented, and diminished triads from a given chord symbol. You will also be able to label major, minor, augmented, and diminished triads with the correct chord symbol. CONDITIONS: Given the information in this lesson. ACTION: You will: 1. Construct major, minor, augmented, and diminished triads. 2. Label triads with the correct chord symbols. STANDARDS: IAW the information in this lesson. INTRODUCTION Triads provide the foundation of western harmonic theory and the basic color and harmonic texture of our music. The four basic triads are the major triad, the minor triad, the augmented triad, and the diminished triad. The triad consists of a root note, the note an interval of a third above the root note, and the note an interval of a fifth above the root note. Triads can also be extended by adding notes the interval of a sixth, seventh, ninth, eleventh, or thirteenth above the root of the basic triad. PART A - CHORD SYMBOLS 1. Chord Symbols. Chord symbols are shorthand expressions used to describe triads and extended chords. A chord symbol may contain several components that designate information about the basic triad, alterations of chord members, and extensions of the triad. a. The root note name is the first component of a chord symbol. b. The second component of the chord symbol is a quality designator. The four quality designators that we will use in abbreviated form are major (Maj), minor (min), diminished (dim), and augmented (Aug). c. The third component of the chord symbol is a numerical designator that can indicate an alteration to a note of the basic triad or an extension of the basic triad by a sixth, seventh, ninth, eleventh, or thirteenth. d. These three components can be combined and compounded in many different ways. Figure 1-1 shows some chord symbols. Figure 1-1. Chord Symbols. 2. Rules for Chord Symbol Writing. This subcourse follows the chord writing procedures currently used in Army resident training. Chord notation is not standardized among music writers and publishers, and you will find other methods of notation in printed music. Some of the variations you may encounter in printed music are discussed in each lesson of this subcourse. Careful attention to the basic principles presented in this subcourse will enable you to understand and interpret any chord symbol you may encounter in printed music. NOTE: You can read Chapter 15, TC 12-41, Basic Music, to obtain more information about chord symbols. PART B - MAJOR TRIADS 3. Major Triad Construction. A major triad is constructed by stacking a minor third on top of a major third. Figure 1-2 shows a major triad. Figure 1-2. Major Triad Construction. NOTE: You can read Chapters 10 and 11, TC 12-41, Basic Music , to obtain more information about intervals and triads. You can also take subcourse MU 1305, Intervals and Triads. 4. Chord Symbol for Major Triads. Musicians have developed a shorthand way of writing the chord symbol for a major triad. The chord symbol for a major triad consists of the root note name. The major quality of the triad is understood, so the quality designator "Maj" is not written. Figure 1-3 shows the chord symbol for major triads. Figure 1-3. Chord Symbol for Major Triads. NOTE: Whenever a chord symbol consists of only the root note name without any additional quality designators, the chord is always understood to be a major triad. PART C - MINOR TRIADS 5. Minor Triad Construction. A minor triad is constructed by stacking a major third on top of a minor third. Figure 1-4 shows a minor triad. Figure 1-4. Minor Triad Construction. 6. Chord Symbol for Minor Triads. The first component of the chord symbol for a minor triad is the root note name. The root note name is followed by the letters "min". The quality designator "min" prescribes the minor third of the triad. Figure 1-5 shows the chord symbol for minor triads. Figure 1-5. Chord Symbol for Minor Triads. NOTE: The quality designator "min" is used throughout this subcourse. Other indicators which may be seen in some printed music are "-", "m", and "mi". PART D - AUGMENTED TRIADS 7. Augmented Triad Construction. An augmented triad is constructed by stacking a major third on top of a major third. Figure 1-6 shows an augmented triad. Figure 1-6. Augmented Triad Construction. 8. Chord Symbol for Augmented Triads. The first component of the chord symbol for an augmented triad is the root note name. The root note name is followed by the letters "Aug". The quality designator "Aug" prescribes the augmented fifth of the triad. Figure 1-7 shows the chord symbol for augmented triads. Figure 1-7. Chord Symbol for Augmented Triads. NOTE: The quality designator "Aug" is used throughout this subcourse. Other indicators which may be seen in printed music are "+", "(+5)", and "(#5)". PART E - DIMINISHED TRIADS 9. Diminished Triad Construction. A diminished triad is constructed by stacking a minor third on top of a minor third. Figure 1-8 shows a diminished triad. Figure 1-8. Diminished Triad Construction. 10. Chord Symbol for Diminished Triads. The first component of the chord symbol for a diminished triad is the root note name.
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