EE411: Senior Design Project (Semester 182, 2019) Wireless Power Transmission
Supervisor: Prof. Mohamed Eleiwa
Done by: Eng. Mohammad Alomaim Eng. Ziyad Almotairi
Eng. Salim Alnekhelan 15 April,2019
Presentation Outline
1.Introduction 2.Advantages of WPT 3. WPT Applications 4.Objective 5.Techniques of WPT 6.What about Safety 7.Economic Impact of WPT 8. Explanation Operation 9. Inverter converter 10. Resonance circuit 11.Mutual Inductance circuit
Presentation Outline
12. The Result with K =0. 13. The Result with 0 1.Abstract Wireless power transmission is technology that enables an energy transferring from the source to the load over an air gap without interconnecting conductors. This technology using an electromagnetic induction method was discovered by Nikola Telsa in the year 1899. And based on that concept, this technology is developed to transfer power within a small range to feed small loads. 2. Advantages of WPT The advantages of wireless power transfer are: • Reduce the cost of wires and batteries. • Avoid the problem of the mess of wires. • Not subject to the weather conditions. • The ability transferring energy through barriers. 3. WPT Applications Some applications of wireless power transmission are showing in the followings: • Charging electronics devices. • Electric vehicle charging • Solar Power Stellate • Medical uses (Heart pieces maker) 4.Objective The purpose and our main objective from implement wireless power transmission technology are in the following points: • Study and analysis the result of resonate inductive coupling technique. • Research and exploration of ways to develop this technology. • Strengthen our understanding in wireless power transmission. • Study the different techniques of WPT. • Comparing the result of the different techniques. • Clarify the importance of coupling coefficient in WPT. • Analysis the effect of the distance in WPT. • Prove the effect of resonance frequency. 5.Techniques of WPT There are several major types techniques of wireless power transmission based on the distance are in the followings: • Short range: Inductive coupling • Medium range: Resonant inductive coupling (The used) • Long range: Microwave. • Long range: Light waves. 6.What about Safety Of course, WPT is not "electricity in the air," but a technique that uses magnetic fields that move between the coils. With proper design, electric and magnetic fields can be kept at the level of human safety limits. • First thing it is non radiative, the energy transferred by electromagnetic induction. • The electromagnetic field that used is safe for human. • It transmits energy to things that operate on the same frequency. 7.Economic Impact of WPT Many countries will benefit economically from this new technology. this technology will not need electric wires to transfer energy. 8. Explanation Operation At first we need to convert electricity into an electromagnetic field. And in order to generate an electromagnetic field, we need coil (the transmitted coil) which is connected to an electrical circuit with AC source so, this coil will generate an electromagnetic field as a result of pass the current through the coil and the higher the current passing through the coils, the more electromagnetic field. U1 LM7812CT Q3 R1 IRFZ44N LINE VREG VOLTAGE 470Ω COMMON D3 R3 D7 V1 BYV26E 10kΩ 1N4742A 12V C1 TX 312pF 5mH R4 D2 D4 10kΩ 1N4742A BYV26E R2 Q4 470Ω IRFZ44N D1 D6 BYV26E BYV26E 0V 10V 10ms 20ms Q1 RX C2 X1 arduino 2N2222A 312pF 5V 5mH D8 D5 BYV26E BYV26E The above circuits contents several parts which are in the followings: • Inverter convertor. • Resonant Circuit. • Mutual inductions Circuit. • Rectifier converter. • Amplify Current Circuit. 9. Inverter converter One of the most important parts of the project and the purpose of its use is to provide an AC power source so that we can generate electromagnetic field. In this project we used this type of half bridge invert which contains two MOSFET. It is considered as switch open and close very fast per second by controlling of it gate. The design also contains 4 diodes two of them are a Zener type and the purpose from them to control the opening and closing of the MOSFET. the resulting of open and close the MOSFET very fast per second will convert the form of sources from dc to ac and also amplify the electrons signals. As showing below the graph output of the inverter circuit. 10. Resonance circuit This circuit is the difference between resonant inductive coupling and inductive coupling techniques. This circuit is characterized by increasing the efficiency of transmission which we will verify it later. This circuit is responsible for controlling the frequency : RX C2 312pF 5mH 11.Mutual Inductance circuit Wireless power transmission technology based on that Mutual Inductance circuit, it occurs when a change of current in a coil affects an effort in another nearby coil. The efficiency of transferring energy depend on coupling coefficient (K) and it value from 0 to 1. 12. The Result with K =0 13. The Result with 0 An electrical device that converts an AC signal to a DC signal. Our Purpose from use it is feed the load with dc sources. 15.Design of the Coils We bought from the market ,copper wire that made from isolated wires of pure red copper and the design specifications of coils are : • 50 turns in each coil. • The diameter of each coil is 21 cm • The width is 1.5 cm . • The cross sectional area is 0.8 mm. 16. 50 turns VS 20 turns Number of turns Vo 50 5 V 20 1 V 17 .Resonant inductive coupling Vs Inductive coupling: Value of Capacitor Vo 312p F 5 V 0 F 1.8 V 18 . The result of different values of capacitor in TX & RX Value of Capacitor 312p F (RX) 100u F (TX) 19. The ability transferring energy through barriers. barriers Vo Yes 3.16 V No 3.16 V 20. The Distance: Wireless power transmission distance is one of the most important factors in efficiency. Where the greater the distance the less efficient the transfer between coils. It is also one of the most difficult challenges in this project to transfer energy as far as possible. Distance Vo 0 cm 5.5 V 3 cm 4.6 V 5 cm 4.16 V 7 cm 3.56 V 10 cm 2.7 V 15 cm 0.844 V 20 cm 0.475 V 30 cm 0.152 V 40 cm 50m V 50 cm 10m V 57 cm 0 V 21. The first model design: 22. The Results: • Input voltage Vin= 12 volts, • Output voltage Vo= 5.5 volts • Operation frequency f= 127 K Hz • Efficiency 46 % of transferring. 23.Where the rest of power is gone: Most the power is gone in mutual coupling losses between the coils. Or on other word to be more specific it happen in the inverter and the design of coils witch are provide the electromagnetic that the one transfer through air gap to the load. In the next slide we will show you how to improve the efficiency. 24. Recommendation for future work 25.Conclusion We have studied the different techniques of wireless power transmission using inductive coupling , resonant inductive coupling and microwave. Based on that study we choices to proceed our project by using resonant inductive coupling technique. And based on this study, we can say through the implementation of this project will achieve a reduction in the number of wires and batteries and thus reduce the cost, and also achieve greater welfare of users by the transfer of electricity wirelessly. Thank You… Any Questions please? Abstract The effectiveness of a solar tracker and PV technology in general, is directly correlated to the amount of sunlight that it is being exposed to; its power output is dependent on the amount of light that reaches the solar cell. The solar tracking will contribute significantly to increasing the efficiency of energy collection from the PV panels. The Dual-Axis solar systems allow for precise control of the elevation and azimuth angle of the panel relative to the sun. To produce an efficient solar generation system, a dual-axis solar tracker was designed, built and tested. Step 8: Connect Vcc in the shape of any DC source PROJECT OBJECTIVES (Batteries) and GND to the microcontroller and To design a solar tracker that will maximize the LDRs circuit. efficiency of solar power. Step 9: Verify that there are no loose wires that To prove that tracking indeed increase the could interfere with the movement of the device, efficiency greatly. and start working on the aesthetics of the device To program the circuit to compare the sensors’ outputs and command the tracker system to RESULTS & VALIDATIONS rotate towards the sun using Arduino Uno. The result of our work during this semester is a PROJECT PLAN perfectly working dual axis solar tracker. That is able to track the sun (or the strongest light This work is divided into two parts, hardware and available) wherever it goes, increasing the software system. In the hardware part, four light efficiency of the solar panel connected to it sensors are used to detect the utmost light greatly. Which was the original objective of the source from the sun. Two servo motors conjointly project. The panel outputs the most power when used to move the solar panel to the maximum the sun is at a 90o with the panel’s surface. So, by light source location perceived by the sensors. In tracking the sun, we make sure the sun is orthogonal to the panel during the entire day. the software part, the code is written by using the C programming language and has targeted to the Arduino UNO controller. DESIGN SPECIFICATION & CONSTRAINTS The purpose of the functional model is to be able to demonstrate to the students how the large scale model is going to work. The model should be small and light. Also, the prototype should include all the features of the real tracker system and must look appealing. The circuit design of solar tracker is not very complicated. But setting up the system must be done carefully to get the CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK correct angle of the sun, and for all the Working on this device have been very exciting computations to be accurate. and educational for all of us. We are all extremely DESIGN METHODOLOGIES happy that we set our minds on a project, worked hard on it, put all of our knowledge in it, Step 1: Upload the program to the Arduino Uno and finally to see it working perfectly as intended using a computer and a USB cable. in front of our eyes. This project can still be Step 2: Fix the solar panel to a base surface. improved a lot. There is still a possibility to add Step 3: Install four Light Dependent Resistors on the solar panel with a chargeable battery, a DC every corner of the surface. load of some kind. Or we can add a DC\AC Step 4: connect the LDRs and resistors in a Inverter and connect it to an AC load. Also, we voltage divider fashion. can make it a self-sustainable system if we Step 5: Take the outputs of the LDRs and send connect the panel to a battery through a them to the four analog input pins of the Arduino charging controller. And power the circuit and Step 6: Get the output of the Arduino micro-controller using that battery. microcontroller as Pulse Width Modulated signals, and send them to the servomotors ACKNOWLEDGMENTS controlling the movement of the panel from output pins 9 and 10. We would like to thank Dr. Anouar FARAH for Step 7: Install the whole thing on a wooden base helping us and giving us great advice and ideas. that’s specially made in such a way that allows us Also, we would like to extend our thanks to the to connect the two servo motors to the wooden entire EE department and COE for providing base and rotate them vertically and horizontally. support to us throughout the project. . Template ID: hypotheticalocean Size: 36x48 (—THIS SIDEBAR DOES NOT PRINT—) Electrical Engineering Dept, College of Engineering, University of Hail, KSA QUICK START By Students: DESIGN GUIDE 1- Hammam Fawzi ( c o n t . ) 2- Majid Mohammed This PowerPoint 2007 template produces a 100cmx200cm presentation poster. You can 3-Faisal Abdullah How to change the template color use it to create your research poster and Supervised by Dr. Khalid Alqunun theme save valuable time placing titles, subtitles, You can easily change the color theme of your poster by going to the DESIGN menu, click on COLORS, and text, and graphics. Minimization of Losses in Transformers choose the color theme of your choice. You can also We provide a series of online answer your create your own color theme. poster production questions. To view our template tutorials, go online to PosterPresentations.com and click on HELP ABSTRACT RESULTS & VALIDATIONS DESK. 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For a professional-looking poster, do not engineering design which they are using AutoCAD to If you are working in PowerPoint for Windows and have distort your images by enlarging them draw each part then manufacturing the parts by finished your poster, save as PDF and the bars will not disproportionally. using CAM program to make G code to make the be included. You can also delete them by going to VIEW > MASTER. On the Mac adjust the Page-Setup to machine cut the parts, one of these machines is laser match the Page-Setup in PowerPoint before you create machine, after that all the parts go to fabrication a PDF. You can also delete them from the Slide Master. department then assembly. Although there is an electrical part which are core and coil which has Save your work Save your template as a PowerPoint document. For ORIGINAL DISTORTED different manufacturing process starting from the printing, save as PowerPoint of “Print-quality” PDF. Corner handles silicon steel cutting to stacking and clamping together then the coil design process starting from winding wires and insulation as layers Image Quality Check CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE WORK Zoom in and look at your images at 100% DESIGN METHODOLOGIES magnification. If they look good they will print well. The senior design project was very helpful for us Upon my understanding design methodology and it improves our skills dramatically and provide to approach the projected problem by using us with a very good experience in power losses of printing quality printing printing quality printing transformer, also it was a great opportunity to do a Good Bad below equipment and technique. 1- By using power analyzer. lot of researches about transformer and its contents. Also we gained a new skills about how the 2- Winding resistance measurement machines. search to solve a problem. The power losses have a 3- Measurement of transformer turn ratio by relation with all the content of the transformer that TTR (Turns Ratio Measurement) machine. leading us to have experience about how to reduce 4- Testing results calculation and matching power losses that definitely will increase the with design references. efficiency of transformer. Finally, it help us to work 5- Measurement of HV / LV winding diameters. together and be a team worker. 6- Measurement of conductive materials like enamel wire or foils and busbars. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 7- Checking of core material / grade / We thank the MATCO factory for their measurement of bur thickness during silting cooperation with us in supporting the success Student discounts are available on our Facebook page. and cutting process. of our project. We also thank our supervisor Go to PosterPresentations.com and click on the FB icon. 8- Measurement of core stacking. Khalid Al-Qanoon and all the university doctors © 2013 PosterPresentations.com of the department. 2117 Fourth Street , Unit C Berkeley CA 94710 RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2012 www.PosterPresentations.com [email protected] (—THIS SIDEBAR DOES NOT PRINT—) Optimal Solution of the Overload QUICK START Issues in South Hail ( c o n t . ) DESIGN GUIDE This PowerPoint 2007 template produces a By Students: 100cmx200cm presentation poster. You can How to change the template color use it to create your research poster and Hatim Rasheed Al-Mangoor 201007973 Supervised by: theme You can easily change the color theme of your poster save valuable time placing titles, subtitles, Mohammed Nasser Al-Tamimi 201403360 Ayoob Al-Ateeq by going to the DESIGN menu, click on COLORS, and text, and graphics. choose the color theme of your choice. You can also Mohammed Faraj Al-Shammari 201400297 We provide a series of online answer your create your own color theme. Electrical Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, University of Hail, KSA poster production questions. To view our template tutorials, go online to ABSTRACT RESULTS & VALIDATIONS PosterPresentations.com and click on HELP DESK. The study will provide a solution to the excess load that the Saudi When you are ready to print your poster, go Electricity Company faced in August 2018 in the southern part of Hail online to PosterPresentations.com by applying a simulation of the distribution substation's feeders data Need assistance? Call us at 1.510.649.3001 You can also manually change the color of your which recorded about the overload problem. The optimal solution of background by going to VIEW > SLIDE MASTER. After you finish working on the master be sure to go to VIEW this proposed method is Depend on the improving the voltages of the > NORMAL to continue working on your poster. QUICK START entire power system by the lowest cost. In addition, programming work How to add Text to achieve the vision of Saudi Arabia 2030. The template comes with a number Zoom in and out of pre-formatted placeholders for As you work on your poster zoom in and out PROJECT OBJECTIVES headers and text blocks. You can to the level that is more comfortable to add more blocks by copying and you. Go to VIEW > ZOOM. • Developing and improving the electrical system. pasting the existing ones or by adding a text box from the HOME • Manage loads in a flexible and efficient way to meet overload. menu. Title, Authors, and Affiliations • Energy efficiency and diversification of sources of electricity Start designing your poster by adding the title, the distribution by linking grids In a loop. Text size names of the authors, and the affiliated institutions. Load of s/s8907 before applying optimal Adjust the size of your text based on how much You can type or paste text into the provided boxes. • Reduce power interruptions by more than 60%. content you have to present. The default template The template will automatically adjust the size of solution • Ensure the stability of the feeding of the electrical grids of the A text offers a good starting point. Follow the 350 your text to fit the title box. You can manually conference requirements. override this feature and change the size of your text. region the next ten years at least. 300 TIP : The font size of your title should be bigger than SEC A How to add Tables your name(s) and institution name(s). PROJECT PLAN 250 To add a table from scratch go to the INSERT menu and click on TABLE. A drop- Results exceed 200 SEC B down box will help you select rows and expectations 150 columns. Simulating the optimal solution You can also copy and a paste a table from Word or SEC C by using PowerWorld Simulator 100 another PowerPoint document. A pasted table may need to be re-formatted by RIGHT-CLICK > FORMAT Finding an optimal solution at the lowest 50 SHAPE, TEXT BOX, Margins. Adding Logos / Seals cost 0 Most often, logos are added on each side of the title. Analyzing of recorded data for feeders loads in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Graphs / Charts You can insert a logo by dragging and dropping it from August 2018 Feeders NO You can simply copy and paste charts and graphs from your desktop, copy and paste or by going to INSERT > Excel or Word. Some reformatting may be required PICTURES. Logos taken from web sites are likely to be Searching for causes of the problem of overload Fig 2: s/s8907before applying optimal solution depending on how the original document has been low quality when printed. Zoom it at 100% to see what created. Seeing the overload problem, during COOP Training Period in Saudi the logo will look like on the final poster and make and the load capacities at each feeder. any necessary adjustments. Electricity Company How to change the column TIP: See if your company’s logo is available on our free poster templates page. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS & CONSTRAINTS configuration RIGHT-CLICK on the poster background and select LAYOUT to see the column options available for this Photographs / Graphics template. The poster columns can also be customized You can add images by dragging and dropping from on the Master. VIEW > MASTER. your desktop, copy and paste, or by going to INSERT > PICTURES. Resize images proportionally by holding down the SHIFT key and dragging one of the corner How to remove the info bars handles. For a professional-looking poster, do not If you are working in PowerPoint for Windows and have distort your images by enlarging them finished your poster, save as PDF and the bars will not disproportionally. be included. You can also delete them by going to VIEW > MASTER. On the Mac adjust the Page-Setup to match the Page-Setup in PowerPoint before you create a PDF. You can also delete them from the Slide Master. Load of s/s8907 after applying optimal solution Save your work A 350 Save your template as a PowerPoint document. For ORIGINAL DISTORTED printing, save as PowerPoint of “Print-quality” PDF. Corner handles 300 250 SEC A Image Quality Check 200 Zoom in and look at your images at 100% SEC B magnification. If they look good they will print well. Fig 1: Substations in south Hail including the 150 proposed substation. 100 SEC C DESIGN METHODOLOGIES 50 printing quality printing printing quality 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Bad Bad Good PowerWorld Simulator (Simulator) is a power system simulation Simulator has the power for serious engineering analysis, but it is also Feeders NO so interactive and graphical that it can used to explain power system operations. In this project, we used the PowerWorld to complete this Fig 3: s/s8907 after applying optimal solution work. The following design is an example of designing S/S 7928 " new substation “ in the PowerWorld simulator. and the load capacities at each feeder. CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE WORK This project provides a proposed solution to solve overloading problem in the south of Hail, taking into account the economic and technical aspects. Our goal is to work within the safety range and thus be able to meet the energy demand in the region with the growth of the load. We have obtained satisfactory results included in the plan. In addition to that, the proposed solution could meet the future demand within the coming five and ten years. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Student discounts are available on our Facebook page. Go to PosterPresentations.com and click on the FB icon. The supports of EE, COE and university of Hail Fig 2: designing S/S 7928 " new substation “ in are acknowledged by the EE students and © 2013 PosterPresentations.com the PowerWorld simulator. faculties. 2117 Fourth Street , Unit C Berkeley CA 94710 [email protected] SENIOR DESIGN PROJECT PRESENTATION RFID BASED AUTOMATIC ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM MAY, 2019 Classification: Internal Use INTRODUCTION • The aim of this project is to develop RFID based automatic access to the parking system. This will increase the efficiency of existing manual parking systems and reduce operational and cost by reducing personnel requirement, cost of operation, depend up processing and check out etc. • This would help in tackling the increasing demand for parking facilities by decreasing capital requirement per car slot. • It will also provide a platform for monitoring parking demand at different times of the day. 2 Classification: Internal Use PROJECT OBJECTIVES 1- Reduced manpower. 2- Reduced maintenance costs. 3- Accurately identification of authorized vehicles. 4- Time saving. 5- Improved security. 6- Use of information as a database. 3 Classification: Internal Use RFID READER & TAGS • The use of RFID reader is to detect the tag on the vehicle arriving at the entrance and providing the tag's ID to the microcontroller. • It has an inbuilt small antenna, which emits radio waves continuously when it is in active mode, and the RFID tag responds to the radio waves by sending its data to the reader. • A Radio Frequency Identification tag/card usually known as RFID tags are electronic gadgets that can be attached with a product, person, animal or many more for their identification or tracking using radio waves. • Every tag has its own identity or tag number. 4 Classification: Internal Use CONNECTION FOR THE READER 5 Classification: Internal Use IR SENSOR • IR Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor Module has a pair of infrared transmitting and receiving tubes. • When the transmitted light waves are reflected back, the reflected IR waves will be received by the receiver tube. • Figure below show the connection: - 6 Classification: Internal Use SERVO MOTOR The motors are chosen according to the requirement of the system under consideration. In this regard, various approaches have been recorded in literature. This servo can rotate approximately 180 degrees (90 in each direction). connection of servo IN/OUT 7 Classification: Internal Use LCD • This is a 16x2 LCD display screen with I2C interface. It is able to display 16x2 characters on 2 lines, white characters on a blue background. • Usually, Arduino LCD display projects will run out of pin resources easily, especially with Arduino Uno. And it is also very complicated with the wire soldering and connection. Connection for LCD 8 Classification: Internal Use SOFTWARE CODE • It is an open source software available directly at Arduino's website & program, for beginners and professionals to carry out projects like this as well as more projects and stuff. • Language Used: C • Language C is a very similar language to C and C++ with few of its libraries and function name being different it serves as an easy and simple language to make embedded systems work according to the coders need. 9 Classification: Internal Use DESIGN 10 Classification: Internal Use CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE WORK • This project provides a solution to the problem of controlling access to restricted areas by using RFID tags. This may really contribute to reduce the deployment of man power in such areas hence maintaining the cost, saving time and offers improved security to the areas under surveillance. • The whole system can be applied to real time scenarios for controlled access. • Active tags, with power supply. • Put solar panels above the car umbrellas to feed the project. 11 Classification: Internal Use 12 University of Hail Electrical Engineering Department Senior Design Project Final Simulation and Implementation of Flame Detection System by Khaled Marfoua Alshammri 201410767 Yasir Fehaid Alshammari 201410032 Supervised by Dr. Ahmed Althunian Abstract Fire detection system is very important for early detection and promptly extinguishing fire in short time. In this project, the flame detection system is designed to detect a fire by using YG1006 flame sensor existing on servo motor to monitor and cover several angles which are (45,90,135) degree and using a water pump to provide water flow. The system design consists of two main functions: An early alarm will be raised so that people can be evacuated to an assembly area. A fire pump is activated to provide a water flow to put out the fire. Project Objective The main objective of the project is to develop a system that can detect fire and extinguish it in the shortest time before it spreads. Save human lives. Save time by fast extinguish fire before it spreads. Fast fire detection. Reduce fire damage costs. Reduce fire risks. Software requirements In this project we used these programs Arduino 1.8.7 compiler to write code, TinkerCAD to implement the software and Fritzing program to show wiring connection. Hardware requirements We need these hardware requirements Arduino Uno, Flame sensor, Resistor, Bread Board, LED, Buzzer, Wires, Relay, Water pump, Servo motor and 9v battery for project implementation. Main components 1) Arduino Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED. 2) Flame sensor In this project we are using an IR based flame sensor. It is based on the YG1006 sensor which is a high speed and high sensitive NPN silicon phototransistor. It can detect infrared light with a wavelength ranging from 700nm to 1000nm and its detection angle is about 60°. Item Min Typical Max Unit 5.00 5.30 VDC Voltage 4.75 20 - mA Current - 940 1000 nm Range of Spectral 700 Bandwidth 15 μS Response Time - 1 m Detection range 0 Simulation by using TinkerCAD Wiring connection by using fritzing program Hardware The hardware consists of three main parts: sensor part, control part and pump & water tank part. Sensor part In this part there are flame sensor and water hose mounted in servo motor as shown in Figure below. The servo motor helps flame sensor to covers several angles. Pump and water tank part In this part there are pump and small water tank to provide a water flow to put out fire. Control part In this part there is Arduino Uno which represent the controller and other things like relay, breadboard, buzzer and wires. 90⁰ 15.3 cm 135⁰ the dimensions and angles Conclusion and future directions What we have designed is not a robot but an automatic fire fighting system that detects and put out the fire. it provide enhanced flexibility of building design and increase the overall level of fire safety and decrease the chance of fire accident. Also this system can be used in Houses, laboratories, offices, factories, facilities, storages, hospitals, …etc. Thank you Senior Design Project Presentation (Optimal Solution of the Overload issues in South Hail) By Mohammed F. Al-Shammari Mohammed N. Al-Tamimi Hatim R. Al-Mangour Outlines • Seeing the overload problem, during COOP Training Period in Saudi Electricity Company. • Searching for causes of the problem of overload. • Analyzing of recorded data for feeders loads in August 2018 . • Finding a optimal solution at the lowest cost. • Simulating the optimal solution by using PowerWorld Simulator • Results exceed expectations • Conclusion. Optimal Solution of the Overload Issues in South Hail Seeing the overload problem, during COOP Training Period in Saudi Electricity Company We stayed two weeks at the main distribution control center in the SEC in August 2018 during the training period, and we saw the overload problem that occurred at AlNugrah S/S 8907 in the south of the city. The continuous overload of the substation caused severe damage and short circuit which leaded to many continuous interruptions, making the substation (Black Out) at more than one time. Seeing the overload problem, during COOP Training Period in Saudi Electricity Company SEC C SEC B SEC A 253.5241928 191.872467 127.015 283.8744049 139.885 55.53964615 51.72099113 207.2920303 238.8790512 74.56467724 128.3957787 161.3816757 95.99420547 193.2811279 213.0114517 132.7355 170.951561 50.21131229 138.83 263.4923401 192.7967758 198.343689 306.4762039 141.23 207.5722427 196.6417923 93.2 113.105 192.0047722 126.385 205.64 139.66 134.47 Total ( A ) 1755.905 2129.9 1534.11 5419.7 A This table shows that the all feeders value of Al-Nugrah S/S 8907 Searching for causes of the problem of overload The annual increase in buildings during the past three years indicates that there is a large urban growth in Hail moving south of the city due to the proliferation of residential plans for a large number of neighborhoods and expansions in the population density and construction. This growth is the reason for the increase in the demand for electricity service, thus increasing loads in the south of Hail. Analyzing of recorded data for feeders loads in August 2018 To make the AL-Nugrah s/s8907 in a safe position, the load ratio of any power transformer should not exceed 66% of its total capacity. This figure shows that the transformer B exceeds by 19% and the transformer C exceeds by 4%. The override rate is 23%. So:- Total overload of S/S 8907 = ( 129MVA/100 )* 23% = 29.67MVA Analyzing of recorded data for feeders loads in August 2018 Load of s/s8907 A 350 300 250 SEC A 200 150 SEC B 100 50 SEC C 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Feeders NO To make the feeders of AL-Nugrah s/s8907 in a safe position, the load value of any feeder should not exceed 200A of its total capacity which is 400A. This chart shows that the all feeders value so:- The overload = 29MVA= ( 29MVA)/(√3*13800 V) = 1234 A Finding a optimal solution at the lowest cost Design a distribution substation of 33 / 13.8 KV in the south of Hail city . The substation was named Al-Wadi s/s7928. We will work to connect the Al-Wadi s/s7928 with a 33KV from the GHARNADA s/s8904 by the Bus A(feeder M9 ) and Bus C ( feeder M26 ) with capacity 45MVA for each feeder the total of them 90 MVA. s/s7928 will be designed by three transformers 33KV - 13.8KV with total power capacity 60MVA for each transformer, so the safe of capacity should not exceed 39.7MVA. That means the Al-Wadi s/s7928 will be able to loaded 10 years coming. Finding a optimal solution at the lowest cost The picture shows the proposed interconnection between The Gharnada s/s8904 and Al-Wadi s/s7928 with double circuit and length of 11 km Finding a optimal solution at the lowest cost This is the single line diagram of Al-Wadi s/s7928. This substation will be able to loaded 29MVA which is the value of overload in S/S8907. The 29MVA distributed for 7 feeders out of 12 feeder available. Finding a optimal solution at the lowest cost SEC C SEC B SEC A Loads transferred 186 170 170 from the s / s8907 205 163 163 substation. 0 172 0 13 0 13 Total ( A ) 404 505 346 1255 SEC C SEC B SEC A loads after five 191 170 170 years. 200 163 163 100 172 109 13 0 13 Total ( A ) 504 505 455 1464 SEC C SEC B SEC A loads after ten 191 170 170 200 163 183 years 153 172 191 13 52 13 Total ( A ) 557 557 557 1671 Simulating the optimal solution by using PowerWorld Simulator A 250 Load of S/S7928 200 150 SEC A SEC B 100 SEC C 50 0 1 2 3 4 Feeders NO Simulating the optimal solution by using PowerWorld Simulator A Load of S/S7928 after five years 250 200 150 SEC A 100 SEC B 50 SEC C 0 1 2 3 4 Feeders NO Simulating the optimal solution by using PowerWorld Simulator Load of S/S7928 after ten years 250A 200 150 SEC A 100 SEC B 50 SEC C 0 1 2 Feedrs NO 3 4 Results exceed expectations After applying the optimal solution to the problem of overload. The Al-Nugrah S/S 8907 become to safe operating situation Results exceed expectations Load of s/s8907 After A 350 300 250 SEC A 200 SEC B 150 100 SEC C 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Feeders NO Conclusion This project provides the best solution for the problem of overloading in the south of Hail, taking into account the economic and technical aspects. The goal here is to be able to work within the safety range and thus be able to meet the energy demand in the region with the growth of the load. We have obtained satisfactory results included in the plan. Bander Yousif Fahad Abdulmohsen Mukhlef Ghazi Supervised by: Dr. Anouar FARAH Presentation Outline Introduction to Renewable and solar energy and tracking systems. Comparison between Single Axis and Dual axis w.r.t Fixed Panels. Project objectives , component and procedure. Reviewing the final product Renewable Energy Renewable energy is a form of energy that meet our today’s demand of energy without putting them in danger of getting expired or depleted and can be used over and over again. Solar Energy The solar energy is the most important form of sustainable energy, and the form with the brightest future. Because the sun is a very abundant source of power. Even so, only a fraction of the entire energy is harnessed and that too not efficiently. The main cause of this is the high cost of installation of solar cells. Solar cells are mostly kept fixed, so they do not obtain the optimum amount of sunlight throughout the day. Tracking Systems There are four main kinds of tracking systems, they are the following: Single Axis or Dual Axis Active Tracking or Scheduled Tracking Fixed vs. Single Axis vs. Dual Axis Dual Axis Tracking Dual axis trackers have two degrees of freedom that act as axes of rotation. These axes are typically normal to one another. The axis that is fixed with respect to the ground can be considered a primary axis. The axis that is referenced to the primary axis can be considered a secondary axis. No matter where the Sun is in the sky, dual axis trackers are able to angle themselves to be in direct contact with the Sun. Project Objectives To design a device that will maximize the efficiency of solar power. To prove that tracking indeed increase the efficiency greatly. To program the circuit to compare the sensors’ outputs and command servomotors to rotate towards the sun. Project Components Arduino Uno + USB Cable. 2x MG995 Servo motors. 4x 100KΩ Resistors (1/4W). 4x Photoresistors (LDR) 12mm. 30cm male-male & male-female Wires. Solderer. Wood pieces in different sizes. Circuit Diagram Project Procedure 1. Upload the program to the Arduino Uno using the USB cable and a computer. 2. Fix the solar panel to a base surface. 3. Install four Light Dependent Resistors on every corner of the panel. 4. connect the LDRs and resistors in voltage divider fashion. 5. Install the whole thing on a wooden base that’s specially made in such a way that allows us to connect two servo motors to the wooden base and rotate them vertically and horizontally. 6. Connect Vcc and GND to LDRs circuit. 7. Verify that there are no loose wires that could interfere with the movement of the device, and start working on the aesthetics of the device. Final Product Conclusion Working on this device have been very exciting and educational for all of us. Future improvements by adding panels, battery storages, loads and inverters. Also, self-cleaning with mechanical vibration. We would like to thank Dr. Anouar and all of EE department lead by Dr. Mohammed Eliwafor their support throughout the project. THANK YOU FOR LESTENING Senior Design Project Traffic board powered by solar PV ID: Student name : 201406926 Abdullah Muflih S. Alghaythi 201406017 Adel Khalid Mohammed Alshaya 201402469 Ali Khalaf Ali Alkhalaf Advisor name: Dr. Abdullah Fahad Albaker 1 Introduction Project background System components Software simulation construction Simulation results Hardware work Conclusion 2 Electronic traffic signs provide significant information for cars' drivers and pedestrians. Electronic traffic signs are used within parking guidance and information systems to guide drivers to available car parking spaces, besides many other applications. 3 Electronic traffic signs may also ask vehicles to take alternative routes, limit travel speed, warn of duration and location of the incidents, or just inform of the traffic conditions. 4 System will not require any external power sources aside from the PV electronics System should not be excessively heavy or large System parts cost $1000 System will be able to operate for two days without sunlight 5 Figure 1: Block diagram of the PV electronic traffic sign system. 6 Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System. • The stand-alone photovoltaic systems are normally used in remote or isolated places where the electric supply from the power-grid is unavailable. • PV system offers a reliable, low maintenance with zero fuel costs and does not require an attendant to be present during operation. 7 Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System. • PV stand-alone system can supply power from milliwatts to several kilowatts. • The system do not have any connection to an electricity grid. Therefore, since most moving message displays are connected to local power supplies; Thus a stand-alone PV system is used to power these panel in this work. 8 Battery charge controller : • The charger controller in the stand-alone PV system is to maintain the battery at its highest possible state of charge and protect it from overcharging by the PV array and from over- discharging by the loads 9 BATTERY SELECTION: • The battery serves as the direct source of power for the LED electronic traffic sign at night. • A battery with a capacity rating of 65 amp hours was selected, which means the battery could theoretically provide 1 amp of current for 65 hours, or 5 amps of current for 13 hours and so on. 10 BATTERY SELECTION: • A capacity of 65 amp hours was selected as it is desired to have the system be functional for at least 2 days without sunlight to account for cloudy days, without over discharging and damaging the battery. 11 DC- AC inverter • A power inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. The inverter does not produce any power; the power is provided by the DC source (Solar PV). 12 AC – DC Rectifier • A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. 13 DC-DC converter • The step up DC-DC converter is an electronic circuit which converts a source of direct current from one voltage level to another. • The converter is designed to operate in the continuous mode. Moreover, the DC-DC converter is used for maximum power point tracking. 14 Figure 2: Simulink simulation of the solar PV model. 15 Figure 3: The above figure shows voltage, current and the current State of Charge, respectively. 16 Figure 4: Shows the DC signal coming out of the MPPT. 17 Stand Alone system • Designing the stand and taking in account : 1. It can hold the component of the system. 2. You can rotate the solar in 360 degree. 3. It had wheels so it is easy to move. 18 Electronic Traffic Sign • Programing the load by using : 1. LedShow Software 2. LAN Cable Characteristics of the load Voltage 5 V Current 4 A Power 20 W Frequency 50-60 Hz Temperature -20 C to 50 C Table 1: Characteristics of the load 19 Hardware Component : a) 100 W solar PV b) Charge controller c) 1000 W inverter d) 65 Ampere Battery e) Electronic traffic sign (20W,5V,4A) f) Electrical connector g) MC4 connector h) 4MM cable 20 21 In the 14 weeks we searched about the project and read about all the components that we need. We also simulate the project in Matlab, bought the components for the hardware and Connect them together. 22 Thank you for Listening 23 Final Senior Design Project Presentation Minimization of Losses in Transformer OUTLINE - Introduction - Project Objective - Transformer - Losses In Transformer - Results - Recommendations - Conclusion Introduction • The transformer always having losses, but the idea is to minimization the losses as possible as we can. • Doing the minimization is to sell transformers with excellent value and the treatment of high power losses after manufacturing. Project Objective • The treatment of high power losses after manufacturing. • Increasing of transformers efficiency. • To sell transformers with excellent value. • Improve the work of transformers. • Avoid losing money. • To transfer the quantities you want with the same value. • To improve the quality of transformers. • For high security and work well done. Transformer It is transmission of energy is generally divided in two parts: • Transmission over long distances at high voltages, which is supported by power transformers. • The second parts distribution of the energy from substations to the various users. Distribution Transformer • Distribution transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. Types of Distribution Transformers: 1- Three-Phase Distribution Transformers:- Large Distribution Transformers. Ground Mounted Transformers. Pole Mounted Transformers. Substation Type Transformers. • 2-Single-Phase Distribution Transformer:- Losses In Transformer ‘Losses’ are the difference between input power and output power. A transformer only consists of electrical losses (iron losses and copper losses). Types of Losses in Transformer: 1.Core loss or Iron loss. 2.Copper losses. 3.Stray Losses. 4.Dielectric Losses. • (i) Core loss or Iron loss Hysteresis losses: This loss is due to magnetic properties of iron part or core. Hysteresis loss is to reversal of magnetization in the transformer core. This loss depends on the volume and grade of the iron, frequency of magnetic reversals and value of flux density. It can be given by, Steinmetz formula: • Eddy current losses: In transformer, AC current is supplied to the primary winding which sets up alternating magnetizing flux. When this flux links with secondary winding, it produces induced emf in it. But some part of this flux also gets linked with other conducting parts like steel core or iron body or the transformer, which will result in induced emf in those parts, causing small circulating current in them. This current is called as eddy current. Due to these eddy currents, some energy will be dissipated in the form of heat. The equation of the eddy current loss is given as • (ii) Copper losses: Copper loss is due to ohmic resistance of the transformer windings. Copper loss for the primary winding is I12R1 and for secondary winding is I2^2R2. Where, I1 and I2 are current in primary and secondary winding respectively, R1 and R2 are the resistances of primary and secondary winding respectively. It is clear that Cu loss is proportional to square of the current, and current depends on the load. Hence copper loss in transformer varies with the load. Therefore, the total copper losses will be • (iii) Stray Losses The percentage of these losses are very small as compared to the iron and copper • (iv) Dielectric Losses Dielectric loss in the insulating material of the transformer that is in the oil of the transformer, or in the solid insulations. When the oil gets deteriorated or the solid insulation get damaged, or its quality decreases, and because of this, the efficiency of transformer is effected. Measurement of Power losses • No load losses test: No load losses divided into 3 types of losses: a. Hysteresis Losses. b. Eddy current Losses. c. Dielectric losses. • load losses test: Load losses divided into three main types: a. Copper losses. b. Stray losses. c. Leakage flux losses Results • Case1: Here we will explain how to calculate power losses of transformer with apply one example of calculating the losses. According to IEC 60076-1 international standard. • Step 1: HV rated current =KVA / V1* ퟑ LV rated current =KVA / V2* ퟑ HV rated current = 1500K/13800*1.732 = 62.76 Amps LV rated current = 1500k/400*1.732 = 2165.13 Amps • Step 2: 퐈ퟐ R Losses HV = (퐈ퟐ * R *1.5) 퐈ퟐ R Losses LV = (퐈ퟐ * R *0.5*3) I2 R Losses HV = (62.76) ^2 * 0.6014 * 1.5 = 3553 Watts I2 R Losses LV = (2165.13) ^2 * 0.000644 * 0.5 * 3 = 4528.4 Watts • Step 3: Total 퐈ퟐ R Losses at amb temp = (퐈ퟐ R)푯푽 + (퐈ퟐ R)푳푽 Total stray 퐈ퟐ R Losses amb temp = LL - {(퐈ퟐ R)푯푽 + (퐈ퟐ R) 푳푽 } Total I2 R Losses at amb temp = 3553 + 4528.4 = 8081.4 Watts Total stray I2 R Losses amb temp = 10900 – 8081.4 = 2818.6 Watts • Step 4: 퐈ퟐ R Losses @ 75 ℃ = (total 퐈ퟐ R Losses at amb temp * 310) / (235 + amb temp) Stray 퐈ퟐ R Losses @ 75 ℃ =Total stray Losses at amb temp*(235 +amb temp) / 310 I2 R Losses @ 75 ℃ = (8081.4 * 310) / (235 + 32.2) = 9375.8 Watts Stray I2 R Losses @ 75 ℃ = 2818.6 * (235 + 32.2)/310 = 2429.5 Watts Note: Material constant (235 for copper, 225 for aluminum) & Temperature constant (310 for copper, 300 for aluminum) • Step 5: LL @ 75 ℃ = 퐈ퟐ R Losses @ 75 ℃ + Stray 퐈ퟐ R Losses @ 75 ℃ . LL @ 75 ℃ = 9375.8 + 2429.5 = 11805.3 Watts • Case2: We decided to study the transformers production rate passed and failed in this section. Figure in the next slide filled by the monthly target of testing transformers. This process consider for these last four months in our training in MATCO. We worked on transformers that failed in August and explain the reasons and how to solve them and avoid repeating the same mistakes in the future. • Case3: • Transformer design and active part number: 1006-1320 • Transformer rating: 1000 KVA, 13.8/0.400 KV • Date of Testing: 20/Aug./2018 • Type of Failure: No Load Loss (NLL). • Reason of Failure: In testing analysis found this transformer failed in NLL at U phase. During dismantling the defective coil, there were some issues: - Overlap in many layers and not uniformed winding in HV. - Unsymmetrical winding started from lead 7 as shown in figure. • Corrective Action: Removed HV wire and rewind new HV wire properly. • Case4: • Transformer design: 4662 • Transformer rating: 1500 KVA, 13.8/0.400 KV • Date of Testing: 16/Aug./2018 • Type of Failure: No Load Loss (NLL). • Reason of Failure: TR failed in NLL (U- Phase) during in routine test, on 29/12/2018. • Investigation: During the routine test found this TR failed in NLL at U phase. QC request to dismantle the coil to find out the reason of failure. Coil has dismantled and found out there is short circuit occurred between LV turns (14& 13) may be caused by small practical in the foil (not clear evidence). • Corrective Action: Clean the effective spot by sand paper on layer 13 and 14 and add double DDP on the last two layers. • Case5: • Transformer design: 5187 • Transformer rating: 1000KVA-13.8/.400-.230- .133kv • Date of Testing: 09/aug/2018 • Type of Failure: High load losses • Reason of Failure: TR failed in Load losses (High load losses) during in routine test, on dated 20/01/2019. • Investigation: Active part # 37, 42 we open in repair area and found loose connection in LV risers. • Corrective Action: Re- tight all LV riser jumpers by torque wrench. • Case 6: • Transformer design: 5127 • Transformer rating: 1000KVA-13.8/0.400kv. • Date of Testing: 15/Nov/2018 PASS • Procedure: After confirming the quality section in the assembly section, use the torque wrench instead of using manual hand and continuous monitoring to assembly the coil. We have achieved positive results. Recommendations: We recommend the quality department to focus in the work of the workers to reduce the human mistake, because these small problems is cost them a lot of money. We recommend to provide a testing machine single coil, because a lot of the mistakes are coming from assembly coil. We have to check all material before to start assembly. Also we recommend to check all the materials before start assembly the transformer. We recommend to use torque wrench instead of the manual tight. We notice that the design department don’t have a quality man to check the design before start production line and that will reduce the filed transformers. Conclusion The senior design project was very helpful for us and it improves our skills and provide us with a very good experience in power losses of transformer, also it was a great opportunity to do a lot of researches about transformer and its contents. Also we gained a new skills about how the search to solve a problem. The power losses have a relation with all the content of the transformer that leading us to have experience about how to reduce power losses that definitely will increase the efficiency of transformer. Finally, it help us to work together and be a team worker. Thank You Senior Design Project Presentation Solar Powered Backpack Done by Turki Altamimi 201411973 Saad Alsaif 201412074 Thamer Motlaq 201300670 Omar Albadran 201000387 Solar Powered Backpack outline: Abstract Renewable energy Solar energy Solar powered backpack Solar panel Charge control DC DC booster Steps to execute the project Abstract The main purpose of this senior project is to show how to make solar powered backpack explaining its main components and its operation. This project will convert the sun’s energy into reusable electric energy. The purpose of this senior project is to develop a solar powered backpack that can charge certain portable USB devices for students. Renewable Energy Renewable energy is energy take from Natural Resources like water, wind and sun. It called renewable because it can be easily replenished. There are many forms of renewable energy: 1. Solar Energy. 2. Hydropower. 3. Wind Power. Solar Energy Solar energy is free, environmentally clean, and therefore is recognized as one of the most promising alternative energy recourses options. Photovoltaic (PV) cell: It is an energy harvesting technique, so there are several different types of photovoltaic cells that all use semiconductors such as polycrystalline solar panels Solar Powered Backpack A solar backpack is a backpack equipped with thin film solar cells and batteries. Solar backpack has many advantages such as: 1. It is light-weight . 2. It carry a green energy source for the environment . Goals of Project There are many goals of the project and it benefit most of people such as : 1. Students and workers. 2. Emergency relief staff. 3. Field workers. 4. Emergency staff. Project Objectives The main objectives of the project include the following: 1. To design a solar powered backpack. 2. To help the people in far areas to charge their mobiles. 3. Generating the electricity from the solar panel. Project Requirements The main requirements of this project include the following: 1. Battery 2. Backpack 3. Solar panel 4. TP4056 Charge control 5. DC-DC booster 6. Board 7. Diode 8. Wires for connection Solar Panel In the following table, the panel produce 5W and voltage open circuit mean calculate the voltage without load. Current short circuit mean it connect positive and negative terminal together then calculate current by current measurement. Power 5 W VMP 9 V IMP 0.55 A Voc 12 V Isc 0.6 A Max system voltage 1000 V STC 1000 W/m²AM 1.5 25C° TP4056 Charge Controller The TP4056 is a Lithium Ion battery charger controller IC. It supports a constant current and constant voltage charging mechanism for single cell Li-Ion Battery. DC-DC booster This regulator will boost 0.9V-5V to regulated 5V. It has a USB connector to charge phones or iPod from a lower voltage battery. Block diagram of the solar powered backpack Steps to execute the project Step 1: In this step, we measured the open circuit output voltage of the solar. Step 2: the solar panel should be connected to the board as shown in the figure. Step 3: In this step, we connect the diode between solar panel and charging controller. Step 4: The lithium battery (2500mAh) is then connected with charge controller. Step 5: we connect the booster and the red led means the booster is working. Step 6: The output voltage should be 5 V. The output voltage of this circuit can charge any portable electronic device Assembling solar powered battery charge Conclusion Solar-powered backpacks are a great innovation in the fields of solar technology and backpacks. Now, people can also use their backpack as an on go outlet (charging station) when traveling, hiking, trekking, biking or doing other activities. This project provides a potential solution to the very real problem of needing to charge portable electronic devices. In the future, the design can be altered to charge laptops instead of only USB devices. Another useful improvement can be to add a GPS tracker. Final Presentation HOMER Location Resources Load Profile Month Clearness Index Daily Radiation (kWh/m2/day) Jan 0.547 4.654 Feb 0.545 5.061 Mar 0.576 5.810 Apr 0.572 6.037 May 0.606 6.415 Jun 0.573 6.017 Jul 0.534 5.610 Aug 0.565 5.928 Sep 0.583 5.942 Oct 0.625 5.923 Nov 0.636 5.509 Dec 0.572 4.711 Month Average Speed (M\s) Jan 6.960 Feb 6.280 Mar 5.270 Apr 3.830 May 4.320 Jun 8.300 Jul 10.230 Aug 9.730 Sep 6.290 Oct 4.290 Nov 5.850 Dec 6.700 Hour January February March April May June July August September October November December 0 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 1 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 2 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 3 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 4 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 5 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 6 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 7 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 8 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 9 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 10 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 11 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 12 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 13 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 14 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 15 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 16 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 17 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 18 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 19 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 20 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 21 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 22 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 23 376 433 373 410 485 546 801 621 670 489 455 331 HOMER Simulation Model Schematic Hybrid Power System HOMER Simulation Model System Components PV Array Quantity Value Units Rated capacity 500 Kw Minimum Output 0 kW Maximum Output 499.95 kW Hours of Operation 4,340 hrs/yr Efficiency 17.3 % Life time 25 Year HOMER Simulation Model System Components Wind Turbine Quantity Value Units Rated capacity 250 Kw Total rated capacity 36000 Kw Minimum Output 0 kW Maximum Output 36,000 kW Hours of Operation 7,552 hrs/yr Hub height 48 M Life time 20 Year HOMER Simulation Model System Components Converter and Battery Converter Capacity 900 kw Lifetime 10 year Battery Lifetime 20year Connection type Parallel Bus Voltage 48 v Simulation Results Result Solar Wind Grid Converter Battery Wind PV(kw) number turbine turbines numbers 1 Yes Yes Yes No No 144 8,117 2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 144 11,059 3 No Yes Yes No No 144 ---- 4 No Yes Yes Yes Yes 144 ----- 5 Yes No Yes NO NO ----- 9,178 6 Yes No Yes Yes Yes ---- 9,154 7 NO No Yes No NO ------ 8 No No Yes Yes Yes ------ Electrical Output Production results Production kWh/yr % PV 2,114,926 2.66 Wind turbine 2,114,926 96.7 Grid Purchases 491,475 0.617 Total 79,648,940 100 Renewable fraction 99.4% Electrical Output Monthly Average Electric Production Electrical Output PV output (kW) Electrical Output Wind Turbine Output Electrical Output Renewable Energy Output Simulation and Implementation of Flame Detection System By Students: Yasir Fehaid Alshammari 201410032 Khaled Marfoua Alshammri 201410767 Supervised by Dr. Ahmed Althunian Electrical Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, University of Hail, KSA ABSTRACT RESULTS & VALIDATIONS Fire detection system is very important for early detection and promptly extinguishing fire in short time. In this project, the flame detection system is designed to detect a fire by using YG1006 flame sensor existing on servo motor to monitor and cover several angles which are (45,90,135) degree and using a water pump to provide water flow. The system design consists of two main functions: ➢ An early alarm will be raised so that (wiring people can be evacuated to an assembly diagram) area. ➢ A fire pump is activated to provide a water flow to put out the fire. PROJECT OBJECTIVES ➢ The main objective of the project is to develop a system that can detect fire and extinguish it in the shortest time before it spreads. ➢ Save human lives. ➢ Save time by fast extinguish fire before it spreads. ➢ Fast fire detection. ➢ Reduce fire damage costs. Sensor part In this part there are flame sensor ➢ Reduce fire risks. and water hose mounted in servo motor. The PROJECT PLAN servo motor helps flame sensor to covers several ➢ To implemented flame detection system. angles. ➢ To detect and respond to the presence of Pump and water tank part In this part there are a flame. Responses can include an alarm pump and small water tank to provide a water and activating a fire suppression system. flow at a high pressure to put out fire. ➢ To protect our Houses, laboratories, Control part In this part there is an Arduino Uno offices, factories, facilities, storages, which represent the controller and other things hospitals, …etc. like relay, breadboard, buzzer and wires. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS & CONSTRAINTS CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE WORK What we have designed is not a robot but an automatic fire fighting system that detects and put out the fire. By mounting it and making it into a fire monitoring system we can target only the fire flame and decrease the chance of collateral damage. This system can overcome deficiencies in risk management, building construction, DESIGN METHODOLOGIES and emergency response. it also provide ➢ Programming of Arduino according to enhanced flexibility of building design and requirement. increase the overall level of fire safety. ➢ Selection of suitable water pump. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ➢ Calculation of flame sensor distance to First and foremost, We would like to thank our detect fire supervisor Dr. Ahmed Althunian for his guidance ➢ Fritzing program to show wiring and advice on this project. We also would like to connection thank my group and friends for sharing ➢ Simulation and implementation of information to complete this senior design project project successfully. RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2012 www.PosterPresentations.com