World Bank Document

IPP-115 v6 World Bank and British Government Co-financed

Public Disclosure Authorized

China Poor Rural Community Development (PRCDP)

Public Disclosure Authorized

Yongde County Minority Development Program

Public Disclosure Authorized

World Bank and British Government Co-financed PRCDP Leading

Group Office of Yongde County, Yunnan Province Public Disclosure Authorized CCCC at Sun Yat-sen University

August 2004 CONTENTS

Chapter 1. Minority Overview at Project Areas of Yongde County ...... 3 Section 1. Composition and Distribution of Nationalities in Project Areas...... 3 Section 2. History and Culture of Minorities in Project Areas ...... 4 Section 3. Resource Utilization of Minorities in Project Areas...... 5 Section 4. Means of Livelihood of Minorities in Project Areas ...... 6 Section 5. Social Organizations of Minorities in Project Areas...... 6 Section 6. Poor Situation of Minorities in Project Areas and Cause Analysis...... 6 Section 7. Reason for MDP Formulation Based on County ...... 7 Chapter 2. Minorities and Project in Project Areas of Yongde County ...... 8 Section 1. Forecast of Project Impacts...... 8 Section 2. Suggestions from Minority Villagers...... 9 Chapter 3. Legal Framework and Ideas for Formulation of Minority Development Program .. 9 Section 1. Legal Framework...... 9 II. All nationalities enjoy equal right to develop occupied lands and protect their lawfully earned income...... 10 Section 2. General Ideas for Formulation of Yongde Minority Development Program ...... 10 Chapter 2. Minorities and Project in Project Areas of Yongde County ...... 11 Section 1. Forecast of Project Impacts...... 11 Section 2. Suggestions from Minority Villagers...... 12 Chapter 3. Legal Framework and Ideas for Formulation of Minority Development Program 12 Section 1. Legal Framework...... 12 II. All nationalities enjoy equal right to develop occupied lands and protect their lawfully earned income...... 13 Section 2. General Ideas of Formulation of Yongde Minority Development Program...... 13 Chapter 4. Participation of Minority Villagers in the Project ...... 14 Section 1. Participatory Poverty Analysis and Participatory Community Development Plan ...... 14 Section 2. Execution, Supervision and Evaluation of Participatory Project...... 16 Chapter 5. 2005 Project Execution Plan and Budget...... 17 Section 1. Formation of Project Planning for Minority Villages ...... 17 Section 2. Year 1 Project Executive Plan and Budget for Minority Villages...... 18 Chapter 6. Project Supervision and Evaluation ...... 45 I. Supervision Mechanism ...... 45 II. Evaluation Mechanism ...... 45

2 The World Bank and British Department for International Development stress the importance of the minorities’ present situation of their equal benefits for the project’s execution, as well as the importance of joint development of multiple nationalities, and propose that a key index of result evaluation is the substantial development of the nationalities (especially minorities) in the project areas by participating in the project. Based on the above consideration and the requirements of the World Bank and British Department for International Development, the Foreign-funded Project Management Center at the National Poverty-relief Office entrusted the CCCC at Sun Yat-sen University to formulate the minority development programs (MDP) along with the 6 non-minority autonomous counties involved in the China Poor Rural Community Integrated Development Project (PRCDP). Yongde County, Yunnan Province is one of the 6 non-minority autonomous counties. As required by World Bank policy OD4.20, the Yongde Minority Development Program for PRCDP was made out based on the information of the distribution, politics, economy, national culture, participation of the minorities in the project areas of Yongde County investigated and collected. The references to this program came from the existing data and field investigation findings of the province, county and Xiangs (a sub-county administrative region).

Chapter 1. Minority Overview at Project Areas of Yongde County

Section 1. Composition and Distribution of Nationalities in Project Areas

Yongde County is one of the 73 key counties of the new national poverty relief/development effort in Yunnan Province approved by the State Council, a multi-nationality cross-inhabited county in mountain areas, with 22 nationalities, including Han, Yi, Wa, Bulang, Dai, Bai, Lahu, Lisu, Deang, Miao, Hui. In 2002, the total number of households of the county was 72,700, the total population 322,500, the minority population 67,500, accounting for 22.57% of the county’s total agricultural population.

PRCDP covers 7 Xiangs/towns and 40 administrative villages of this county. Among the 40 villages, 28 ones have a minority population of above 20, involving a minority population of 27,768. Considering the economic, social development level of the Dai, Hui and Bai people in the project areas has no marked difference from the local Han people, Songtu Village under Yongkang Town, Suanbagen Village under Xiaomengtong Town, Jianshan Village under Banka Xiang, Fangmachang Village under Banka Xiang that contain the above 3 minorities only are not considered in the project executive plan in 2005 under the minority development program. Therefore, this minority development program is prepared for 24 minority villages.

Table 1: Basic Information of Minorities of Project Xiangs/Villages:

Project area Minority information Xiang Village Yongkang Mangkuang 520 Bulang people, 36 Dai people Town Songgui 1453 Bulang people

3 Songtu 372 Dai people Manglao 430 Dai people, 213 Wa people Yatang 140 Bulang people, 38 Hui people, 36 Wa people Malishu 129 Bulang people, 93 Wa people, 32 Bai people Xiaomengtong Suanbagen Town 82 Hui people Lichai 56 Bai people, 33 Yi people Jueba 1222 Yi people, 36 Bai people Xiaocun 2361 Yi people 2545 Yi people, 162 Bai people, 130 Miao people, 77 Wumulong Wumulong Wa people Xiang Shihuidi 303 Yi people, 288 Bai people, 46 Hani people Xintang 1782 Yi people, 206 Miao people, 125 Bai people Muchang 1913 Yi people Bangmai 2262 Yi people Jianshan 379 Dai people Banka Xiang Fangmachang 39 Bai people Longzha 134 Bulang people Dashan Xiang Yuhua 250 Wa people, 168 Bulang people, 25 Deang people Malizhai 510 Bulang people, 162 Wa people Maowu 691 Wa people Minglang Xiangshui 44 Wa people Xiang Niuhuotang 432 Wa people, 227 Lisu people Manghai 341 Lisu people Dacaoba 428 Wa people Menggong Zuanshandong 1579 Wa people Xiang Daba 2447 Wa people Songlin 1104 Wa people, 123 Bulang people Notes: The above data comes from Social Evaluation Materials of Yongde County, minorities of above 20 people in 2002 only are listed here.

Section 2. History and Culture of Minorities in Project Areas

According to the historical data and folklores, the Wa, Bulang and Deang nationalities are the ancient indigenous residents in Yongde. The Dai nationality resided in Yongde since the Dali State period in the Song dynasty; the Yi, Han, Hui, Lahu nationalities entered Yongde in the Ming dynasty; the Bai, Miao, Lisu nationalities entered in the Qing dynasty. Accordingly, the above 11 nationalities are the nationalities living in Yongde for generations.

The minorities live with others largely and live together smally county-wide. The Xiang with more Yi people is Wumulong Yi Xiang, accounting for 62.3% of the county’s Yi population, followed by Yalian Xiang and Daxueshan Yi, Lahu, Dai Xiang; the Wa people mostly reside

4 in Menggong Wa Xiang, accounting for 47.2% of the county’s Wa population, followed by Mengban Xiang; the Bulang people mostly reside in Yongkang Town, accounting for 20.3% of the county’s Bulang population; the Dai people mostly reside in the dam area villages in Yongkang Town, accounting for 49.6% of the county’s Dai population; the Lahu people mainly reside in Daxueshan Yi, Lahu, Dai Xiang and Chonggang Xiang; the Deang people live together at Doufupu Village under Chonggang Xiang, the Miao people mainly reside in Wumulong Yi Xiang; the Bai, Hui and other minorities are scattered in the Xiangs and towns of the county.

Among the 10 minorities living in the country for generations, except that the Hui nationality speaks Chinese, the Yi, Bai, Lahu and Lisu nationalities’ languages belong to the Sino- Tibetan family, Tibetan-Burman group, Yi branch; the Miao language belongs to the Miao- Yao group, Miao branch; the Dai language belongs to the Zhuang-Dong group, Dai branch; the Wa, Bulang and Deang languages belong to the South Asia family, Mon-Khmer group, of which the Wa, Deang languages belong to the Wa-De branch, the Bulang language belongs to the Bulang branch. In the Yi nationality, only the Limi branch speaks the branch’s own language; all the other branches speak Chinese. The Lahu, Miao people also speak Chinese, only a small number of the elderly of the Bai nationality understand the Bai language. The minorities use written Chinese prevalently, only a small number of Dai, Wa, Bulang and Deang people (incl. temple presbyters, monks) know and use the written Dai language.

The national handicrafts include the “Tonghua cloth” (hand-loomed) of the Bulang nationality woven with self-grown kapok and the “stencil tissue paper” of the Dai nationality using the raw material of bark; the dress of the Dai, Wa and Bulang women is simple and decent, nice and unique, the Yi women have national dress with unique colors and fine workmanship; the dances and songs include the foot-stamping dance, drum dance, “ancient book singing”, and “roundelay”; the folk sports activities include “top-playing”, boxing and knife wielding.

The religious faiths in Yongde include Mahayana Buddhism and Christianity. Buddhism was introduced from Burma in the 16th century and belongs to the “Baizhuang Sect”, believed in by the Dai, Wa and Bulang nationalities, most villages have a Buddhism temple; Christianity was introduced from the Genmabeiyin Mountain in 1923, believed in by some Lisu people, the 3 churches are not in the project areas.

Section 3. Resource Utilization of Minorities in Project Areas

Since there are many minorities in the project areas, there are great differences in the resource utilization. The Dai, Bai, Hui nationalities, with higher economic levels, are not discussed here. The Wa and Bulang people live in dam areas and mountainsides, mainly deal with the planting, their cash crops include sugarcane. The other minorities, such as Yi, Miao, Lahu and Lisu, mostly live in mountain and semi-mountain areas featuring tough production and living conditions, harsh environment, poverty and backwardness. Although the single planting mode in the past has been gradually altered, resource utilization, environment protection, diversified operations and scientific management have entered most families, the overall economic and social level is still backward, and the income is by far lower than the county’s average. This is

5 because of: 1) the restriction of the geographical conditions; 2) the historical factors and the present human factors, weak sense of development; and 3) the low population quality.

Section 4. Means of Livelihood of Minorities in Project Areas

The minorities living in mountain and semi-mountain areas in Yongde County mainly deal with agriculture, their main grain crops are corn, buckwheat, potato, paddy rice, cash crops are sugarcane, radish, etc, their stockbreeding is centered on pig, cattle and sheet; some Yi and Wa people work in cities in the slack season for 2-3 months a year with a monthly pay of RMB200-300.

The Yi, Lahu, Lisu, Miao farmers in mountain areas and deep valleys have a low level of technology, low coverage of agricultural technology and their production is mainly traditional extensive cultivation. Some villages and teams centrally inhabited by minorities are still the blind spot of science ad technology, where the agricultural labor productivity and the land yield factor are low.

Section 5. Social Organizations of Minorities in Project Areas

Yongde County is a multi-nationality cross-inhabited county, where different nationalities live together and interact each other. It is found in the investigation that owing to the regional differences of residence, the minorities vary greatly. The Dai people mostly live in low dams, valleys with torrid climate; most Bulang and Wa people live in dam areas and mountainsides with hot climate. The Han, Bai people live in areas with mild climate and convenient traffic. The Yi, Lahu, Lisu and Miao people mostly live in mountain areas and deep valleys with cold climate.

Since the existence conditions of the Yi, Lahu, Lisu and Miao people are often worse than the Bulang, Wa, Dai people, they are poorer. Even so, the ongoing interaction between different nationalities makes the relations between nationalities appear as harmonious coexistence as follows.

(1) Most minority people aged below 50 years in the cross-inhabited areas can speak their own nationality’s language and the Chinese dialect;

(2) There is intermarriage between nationalities with similar natural and geographical conditions;

(3) Economic contacts between nationalities are more and more frequent.

Section 6. Poor Situation of Minorities in Project Areas and Cause Analysis

I. Poor Situation of Minorities in Project Areas

6 Of the 24 minority villages in the 7 Xiangs (towns) in the project areas, most are in mountain and semi-mountain areas, with less land resources, poor climatic conditions, inconvenient traffic and poor information, some are badly short of grains, education and health facilities.

The CCCC at the Sun Yat-sen University investigated Xintang Village, Wumulong Xiang, Yongde County. The poverty situation of the local minorities is as follows:

Table 2:

Develop Project Geographic Resourc Means of Opinion of project Nationality ment & village location e base livelihood officials poverty Complex High Totally 1731 1578 Han Per capita Yongde is one of the topography, altitude, laborers, 108 people, 1732 Yi net 73 State poverty Xintang situated in cold inconvenie people work people, 125 Bai income relief tackling Village, mountain area, nt traffic, outside people, 1 Dai 449yuan, counties in Yunnan, Wumulon 125km from short of seasonally, people, 206 poverty this village is a g Xiang, county seat, 20km land others deal Miao people, 1 incidence province level key Yongde from Xiang resources, mainly with Tibetans, 11 77% poverty relief County (town), 20km serious soil planting Bulang people village. The Xiang from the nearest loss (yam) is the poorest in the bazaar county

II. Cause Analysis of Poverty of Minorities in Project Areas

Table 3:

Villagers’ analysis (Xintang County Officials’ analysis Village) High altitude, barren land Unable to make planning, serious Deteriorating ecology, frequent shortage of grain natural disasters Inconvenient traffic Low level of social development Yongde No money for children’s school Low literacy of the population County education Single crop varieties Being sick, unable to work Backward production techniques, Want to work outside, but illiterate insufficient investment and without travel expense The Miao people live too remotely

Section 7. Reason for MDP Formulation Based on County

As discussed above, the minorities of Yongde County have been living together, coexisting harmoniously and associating frequently with the Han nationality. There is consistency in terms of causes and present situation of poverty. Accordingly, it is more suitable to formulate the MDP based on county.

7 Chapter 2. Minorities and Project in Project Areas of Yongde

County

Section 1. Forecast of Project Impacts

I. Positive impacts of the project

The project will have the following influences on the minority residents in the project areas:

1. The residents have got financial support and the solution to the greatest restriction on poverty relief; promote the unity of nationalities and the social stability by improving the social, economic level of the minority areas;

2. The human-based guideline of the project is clearly defined, the residents in the project areas are enthusiastic for the project construction in a participatory manner;

3. In the infrastructure subproject, the implementation of the methane, rural human drinking water works and low/medium yield field modifications works will improve the living and production conditions of the residents in the project areas;

4. The health, education subprojects and the technical training in the industrial development subproject will improve the education conditions of the project areas, solve the problems of nearby school attendance, dropout due to poverty and lingual barrier for education in minority areas, and improve the literacy of the residents in the project areas; the health subproject will improve the village-level medical conditions, the quality of village level health workers, make convenience for the masses in seeing a doctor and improve the health quality;

5. Improve the service conditions and functions of the poor areas through the organization capability building;

6. Promote the economic growth and increase the income of the residents in the project areas through industrial development activities; the abilities of the residents in the project areas can be further improved.

II. Negative impacts of the project

1. Capable and incapable minority farmers will develop unbalancedly after borrowing the loan. More care should be given to the disadvantaged poor families in the project to reduce the disparity between the rich and the poor.

2. Since the project areas are rainy, there might be some small natural disasters (e.g., flood, windstorm, crop disease and pest, traffic block, etc) to affect the project’s progress and reduce the output of crops. However, with seasonal changes and preventive measures, these minor impacts will disappear.

3. The difficulty in counterpart funds and loan repayment due to the financial difficulty at the county, Xiang and village levels will be a main influential factor of the project.

8 4. Affected by natural and social factors, a small part of farmers with difficulties might be unable to repay the loan on schedule.

Section 2. Suggestions from Minority Villagers

Most minority villagers show great interest in the project, think this project is a good chance for them to get rich and hope them to participate in the project. Their suggestions are focused mainly on the project’s coverage and loan, including:

1. Strong Will to Improve Village Infrastructure

Minority villagers say, the backward village infrastructure is a key reason for the poverty, so that the project must help them improve the infrastructure, such as water, power, road. Poor as they are, they may contribute labor.

2. Improve the village’s educational environment

A large number of villagers have realized the importance of their children’s school study. It is reflected by many villagers that, their children will travel a long way to school, boarding at school is too expensive or not assuring, or they have no money to support their children’s study. There are villagers at every village suggesting that the project improve the educational conditions.

3. Suggestions on loan

Except a small part of farmers daring not to borrow, most farmers say they are eager to get a loan from the project and believe that only if they do well and select a proper project, there will be no problem with repayment. Villagers further hope the loan under this project is low in interest rate, there has been usury with interest up to 20%. The term of repayment expected by the villagers is longer than 1 year, at least until when the product has made a profit.

4. Suggestions on productive projects

Suggestions from minority villagers on productive projects are their respective family development plans. Each villager has an individual plan for its own family’s development, which is not necessarily consistent with the project plan. According to the procedure of the participatory poverty-relief, officials of project offices will collect such ideas extensively, subject them to scientific demonstration and then discuss projects to be finally executed with farmers.

Chapter 3. Legal Framework and Ideas for Formulation of Minority

Development Program

Section 1. Legal Framework

I. Different nationalities share equal political, economic, social and cultural rights

9 Different nationalities in the People’s Republic of China shall have equal rights for social, economic, cultural development. At minority inhabited areas, the regional national autonomy system shall be implemented, and autonomous areas (autonomous region, prefecture, county) set up to exercise the autonomy and manage the nationality’s internal affairs. Pursuant to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the Regional National Autonomy Law of the People’s Republic of China, the minorities’ political rights shall be guaranteed so that they can manage their own affairs independently.

Except “Some Provisions of Yunnan Province on the Enforcement of the Regional National Autonomy Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Yunnan has also enacted the “Ordinance of Yunnan Province on the Promotion of Scientific and Technological Advance in Minority Autonomous Areas”. This ordinance aims to promote the scientific and technological advance in minority autonomous areas in Yunnan, drive the economic and social development there1.

In the multi-nationality cross-inhabited areas in the project areas of Yongde County, the inter- nationality relations are harmonious and the nationalities have also kept their respective national customs. In the national development policy and enforcement, different nationalities share equal rights and national discrimination is seldom seen.

II. All nationalities enjoy equal right to develop occupied lands and protect their lawfully earned income

“Law of Land Management of the People’s Republic of China”, “Method for Implementation of the Law of Land Management of Yunnan”, “Some Provisions on Determination of Land Ownership and Land-use Right”, “Rural Land Contracting Law of the People’s Republic of China” are the legal basis and institutional guarantee of the minorities’ land use right.

It is stipulated in the Regional National Autonomy Law that: “The autonomous organs at the autonomous minority area shall decide the ownership and use right of meadows and forests of the area under law”, “manage and maintain the local natural resources”, “No organization or individual is allowed to destroy grasslands and forests by any means”, “According to the law and the State’s unified planning, the natural resources that can be developed by the local area shall be developed and utilized rationally first”, etc.

The Multinational Development Program has a good legal foundation. Under the above legal framework, all ethnic groups can have the right to participate in the project and be developed. This also provides a legal guarantee to the project and its specific coverage.

Section 2. General Ideas for Formulation of Yongde Minority Development Program

The idea in formulating the MDP is to consider how to involve the nationalities in the project areas extensively and benefit them equally by executing the project, so that they can go on a benign path of sustainable growth.

1. Promote the coordinated development of the economy, ecology and culture in the areas;

1See Ordinance of Yunnan Province on the Promotion of Scientific and Technological Advance in Minority Autonomous Areas, Clauses 4, 10, 14, 23, 25, 26, 37, 41 and 43.

10 2. Promote the improvement of the household standard of living in the areas;

3. Promote the local development of high-quality human resources;

4. Promote the improvement of the agricultural, stockbreeding and technological level of different nationalities in the areas;

5. Promote and cultivate the market entry ability of the minorities in the areas;

6. Promote the participation of the minorities in the areas in the project and its execution, supervision.

Chapter 2. Minorities and Project in Project Areas of Yongde

County

Section 1. Forecast of Project Impacts

I. Positive impacts of the project

(1) Improve the traffic, irrigation, drinking water, basic farmland and housing conditions of the project areas, satisfy the people’s production and living needs in the project areas, promote the restoration of the local ecology, and enhance the sense and ability of external exchange.

(2) Give play to the resource advantage of the project areas, improve the means, conditions of production of farmers and the technical level of the agricultural production, solve the grain shortage problem of the minorities, increase the income of the farmers.

(3) Improve the basic education of the project areas the enrollment rate, study completion rate of the school-age children, especially girls, reduce the dropout rate, strengthen the literacy of the poor population of the project areas, enable poor population of the project areas to enjoy the right of education receiving.

(4) Promote the establishment of the rural community medical service system, improve the health and medical situation of the poor areas and the health level of the poor population, reduce the incidence of “falling in and returning to poverty due to illness”. Establish the mother and child health service system, give antenatal publicity, monitoring, examination to pregnant women, postpartum examination of lying-in women and baby examination, popularize the new delivery method, reduce the mortality of pregnant/lying-in women and infants, guarantee the right of the poor people in the project areas to enjoy the basic medical services.

(5) Enhance the capability building of the poor farmers, promote the project’s dual exchange and feedback mechanism at the community.

(6) Promote the unity of nationalities.

II. Negative impacts of the project

11 The project’s execution might result in some imbalances: firstly, the future imbalance between the project areas and the non-project areas in the county; secondly, the imbalance between the project villages and non-project villages in the project areas; thirdly, the imbalance between different farmer families with different investment.

Section 2. Suggestions from Minority Villagers

1. Strong Will to Improve Village Infrastructure

2. Improve the village’s educational environment

3. Suggestions on loan

4. Suggestions on productive projects

Suggestions from minority villagers on productive projects are their respective family development plans.

Chapter 3. Legal Framework and Ideas for Formulation of Minority

Development Program

Section 1. Legal Framework

I. Different nationalities share equal political, economic, social and cultural rights

12 Different nationalities in the People’s Republic of China shall have equal rights for social, economic, cultural development. At minority inhabited areas, the regional national autonomy system shall be implemented, and autonomous areas (autonomous region, prefecture, county) set up to exercise the autonomy and manage the nationality’s internal affairs. Pursuant to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the Regional National Autonomy Law of the People’s Republic of China, the minorities’ political rights shall be guaranteed so that they can manage their own affairs independently.

II. All nationalities enjoy equal right to develop occupied lands and protect their lawfully earned income

Section 2. General Ideas of Formulation of Yongde Minority Development Program

7. Promote the coordinated development of the economy, ecology and culture in the areas;

2See Ordinance of Yunnan Province on the Promotion of Scientific and Technological Advance in Minority Autonomous Areas, Clauses 4, 10, 14, 23, 25, 26, 37, 41 and 43.

13 8. Promote the improvement of the household standard of living in the areas;

9. Promote the local development of high-quality human resources;

10. Promote the improvement of the agricultural, stockbreeding and technological level of different nationalities in the areas;

11. Promote and cultivate the market entry ability of the minorities in the areas;

12. Promote the participation of the minorities in the areas in the project and its execution, supervision.

Chapter 4. Participation of Minority Villagers in the Project

The PDCDP will be executed in a participatory approach. The framework of the participatory approach includes 4 steps, namely, participatory poverty analysis, participatory community development plan, participatory project execution and participatory supervision/evaluation. At present, the effort in Yongde County is concentrated on the participatory poverty analysis and the formulation of the participatory community development plan.

Section 1. Participatory Poverty Analysis and Participatory Community Development Plan

I. Selection of Target Groups

Villages with high poverty coverage, high degree of poverty, high return to poverty; gathering minorities; harsh living environment; and strong will of poverty relief among villagers were selected as the project areas, in which key poverty relief villages account for above 80%. Of the 40 villages, 20 are centrally inhabited by minorities.

In the selection of project farmer families at the minority villages, aim at poor families, try to cover minority poor families, especially support some potential, capable and open-minded minority poor families as typical families.

II. Participatory Demand Analysis and Project Planning

The project officials went deep into the project villages in work teams to help the local people analyze the environmental conditions related to their production and life with their knowledge using the method of participatory rural assessment (PRA), formulate the future development plan and take corresponding actions, so as to finally benefit them. The minority villagers have been involved in the poverty analysis and project planning in the following ways:

1. Villager meeting

Hold many times of villager meetings involving different nationalities, sexes, ages, degrees of richness and residences to make the contents of PRCDP widely known, summarize and share the work results, obtain the villagers’ support and cooperation. Write the collected information

14 (such as issue sequencing, resource distribution layout, seasonal life calendar by sex and farm work calendar) on a large piece of paper, verify the information, analyze and summarize the problems, find out a solution together with the villagers.

2. Charting

The villagers draw the resource distribution plan of the village, marking the locations of the communes and the present situation of the rivers and roads on the chart. The work team has fully discussed the existing problems, difficulties in resource utilization and solutions thereto with the villagers, with special concern on the activities to be carried out in an area.

Make an analysis of women problem by drawing the seasonal life calendar by sex of different nationalities, learn the differences of the social genders and the women’s concern about the project’s activities by investigating the farming activities in different seasons of women and men of different nationalities and their roles in the family.

3. Farmer interview

Raise questions to the villagers and find answers by means of field or door-to-door interview to provide a numerical and theoretical basis to the design and analysis of the village planning.

4. Information feedback

Feed the work results arranged, classified and analyzed by the work team and the planning back to the village to consult the villagers for opinions and suggestions.

Flowchart of Participatory Village-level Planning at Minority Project Village

Teachers of provincial Prepare PRCDP investigation materials, Hold first villager meeting PO train trainees collect and learn the background of the involving all nationalities village’s national composition, history, culture, social organization, means of (Let trainees master PRA) (Briefly introduce the goals, livelihood, resources, poverty situation significance of PRCDP, objectives of the work team at the village, activities

Interview with farmers of Participatory charting Sum-up different nationalities (Systematic analysis, (Draw resource distribution discussion and summarization plan) (Find out problems, issue of collected information) sequencing, sex analysis)

Form preliminary framework Villager sum-up meeting Complete participatory and budget village-level plan (draft) (Report, analyze and discuss project planning with villagers) (Discussion, data collation)

Information feedback of participatory village-level plan to the village

15 III. Formulation of Participatory Manual

The PRCDP project requires maintaining a high-quality participatory approach to meet the requirements of the World Bank and the British Department for International Development, especially the requirements of the World Bank’s guarantee clause. Based on the data of the 3 project provinces and the discussion with the provinces, ITAD shall work out a participatory manual as required by the World Bank and BDID, specifying the basic principles, monitoring indicators, key steps, recommended methods and tools of the participatory approach and the typical cases introduced by the provinces to provide guidance to how the county, Xiang/town and village level project managerial personnel and coordinators should execute and monitor the participatory approach in the project.

Section 2. Execution, Supervision and Evaluation of Participatory Project

For more extensive and deeper participation of the minority villagers in the project, the future effort will be concerned about the following points:

I. Participatory Execution of the Project

The target of PRCDP is to involve the minority villagers in all aspects of the health, education, infrastructure, agricultural subprojects. The future effort shall ensure the operating principles and procedures (managerial structure, decision-making mechanism, mode of execution, fund appropriation and purchasing, etc) of the project, adapt the specific social, cultural traditions of the minorities to the participatory approach, so that the minorities can participate in the project in an extensive, deep and equal manner and benefit from it.

II. Supervision and Evaluation of Participation Quality of Minority Villagers

The design of the PRCDP monitoring and evaluation system is still at the initial stage. It will cover the following aspects:

1. Monitor the execution of the participatory approach, including: monitor the villages and families covered by the participatory approach; monitor the quality of the participatory approach on the basis of the indicators in the participatory manual.

2. Select minority villages as the trial units of participatory approach monitoring, feed back the experience and lessons to the project offices of the 3 project provinces.

3. Integrate the information and lessons from the community participatory monitoring and evaluation campaign at the minority villages.

III. Rolling popularization of Participatory Method

According to some feasible methods and ideas for the staged and rolling popularization of the participatory approach to be discussed in the participatory manual, more villages, especially minority villages, in Yongde County will be covered by the participatory method under the provincial participatory rolling popularization program.

16 Chapter 5. 2005 Project Execution Plan and Budget

Section 1. Formation of Project Planning for Minority Villages

1. Fix the project areas. According to the PRCDP requirements and the practical situation of Yongde County, 40 villages in 7 Xiangs/towns, including 20 villages centrally inhabited by minorities, were fixed as the project areas;

2. Representative villages will be selected to practice the participatory typical-village village-level planning;

3. Form the project framework of the “Project Proposal”. On the basis of a full collection of the basic information of the project areas, in conjunction with the farmers’ wills in the project design at typical villages, the county’s 10-year poverty-relief planning, industrial planning, national economy development planning, a project framework demonstration meeting will be held involving Party/political leaders, business departments, specialized technicians to conduct a full feasibility demonstration of the project, form a preliminary project framework and fix the rough investment proportions of the subprojects. On this basis, the business departments shall finalize the contents and scale of the subprojects in our county and form the project framework of the “Project Proposal” in consideration of the farmers’ wills, the project areas’ situation, relevant State requirements and technical standards through field investigation, repeated discussions, sufficient demonstration and overall balancing;

4. The experts from the Sun Yat-sen University shall carry out a social assessment of the project areas to further summarize and search for social and cultural differences that need attention in the process of project planning, such as differences in nationality, gender and residence, etc;

5. Conduct the participatory village-level planning at 20% of the project villages to provide a basis for the feasibility study;

6. Plan and design the project contents and scale in the feasibility study report. On the basis of the participatory village-level planning, the project areas and investment proportions of the subprojects have been adjusted pursuant to the “Project Proposal”, “Memorandum for the 2nd Preparation Group” and the “Memoranda” in March and June, 2004, in which community capability development is brought into the capability building subproject for separate demonstration. With reference to the technical standards for the Qinba Project, Butuo Project and Lugu Lake Project, the practical situation and market conditions of the project areas, the investment proportions, scale of construction, unit investment budget of the subprojects and the return on unit cost of productive projects have been revised again after repeated demonstration, quite objectively planning the project contents and scale in the feasibility study report. The whole building process of the project fully embodies the participatory concept.

17 7. The farmer development projects planned at the project villages in the county in 2005 are designed so that the minority farmers can organize productive activities and boost their development capabilities according their own wills. Pillar project will be formed to raise the farmers’ income by giving full play to the unique natural advantages and the existing pillar industry advantages of the county; in the infrastructure subproject, traffic, watery conservancy and other infrastructure will be constructed to meet the farmers’ needs and project development; the community development subproject aims to improve the quality of laborers to ensure the successful practice of the participatory approach at the minority villages; the education and health subproject is designed for the backward education and health conditions of the minority villages to gradually improve the population quality of the minorities.

Section 2. Year 1 Project Executive Plan and Budget for Minority Villages

The project planning involving minority project villages of Yongde County in 2005 shall include the 6 major parts of rural basic education, rural health, infrastructure construction, large scale agricultural development, community and organization capability building. See the table below for details.

18 Table 4: Planning of 24 Village Projects Involving Minority of Yongde County in 2005 (since individual villages are not differentiated in detail in the financial plan, minority-involving villages are in bold font)

Investment estimate Of which Subproject Location Content and quantity Total Benefit Remarks investment World Bank Domestic loan counterpart I. Education 600 319.98 280.02 Yongkang: Songgui Village, In Years 1-3, build 6513.5m2 school houses, invest RMB3.24 million at Yongkang: Mangkuang Village, Zhongshan Songgui Village, Mangkuang Village, Zhongshan Village, Dika Village; Village, Dika Village; Xiaomengtong: Xiaomengtong: Yumingzhu, Suanbagen, Yakou Village, Yakou Village, Hebian Yumingzhu, Suanbagen, Yakou Village, Village; Wumulong: Bangmai Village, Shihuidi, Wumulong, Jueba Village, Yakou Village, Hebian Village; Xiaocun Village, Xintang Village, Muchang Village; Banka: Mangzhong Village, Wumulong: Bangmai Village, Shihuidi, Mangdong Village, Fangniuchang, Jianshan Village; Dashan: Yuhua Village, Mali Wumulong, Jueba Village, Xiaocun Village, Shuifang Village, Yuhua Village, Shuifang Village; Minglang: Manghai Removing 1. Schoolhouse Village, Xintang Village, Muchang Village, Mingxinba, Xiangshui Village, Mingxinba, Niuhetang; Menggong: 6513.5m2 modification and 360 191.99 168.01 Village; Banka: Mangzhong Village, Zuanshandong, Dacaoba, Daba Village, Zuanshandong; of which: in Year 1, build dilapidated construction Mangdong Village, Fangniuchang, 2240m2, invest RMB1.1983 million, purchase 650 sets of teaching equipment, 7857 houses Jianshan Village; Dashan: Yuhua books at the investment of RMB360,000 at Yongkang: Dika Village, Mangkuang Village, Mali Village, Shuifang Village; Village, Songtu Village, Xiaomengtong: Hebian Village, Yumingzhu, Suanbagen, Minglang: Manghai Village, Xiangshui Yakou; Wumulong: Muchang Village, Wumulong, Jueba Village, Xintang Village, Village, Mingxinba, Niuhetang; Shihuidi; Banka: Mangzhong Village, Mangdong Village, FangniuchangJianshan Menggong: Zuanshandong, Dacaoba, Village; Dashan: Yuhua Village, Shuifang Village; Minglang: Manghai Village, Daba Village Mingxinba; Menggong: Dacaoba, Daba Village, Zuanshandong 5. Community study 12 6.40 5.60 center II. Health 480 336.00 144.00 In Year 1, health organization building completed investment of RMB542,100 for 7 Xiangs/towns, i.e., Menggong Xiang, Xiaomengtong, Yongkang Town, Dashan 1. Health 7 project Xiangs/towns and 39 project Xiang, Minglang Xiang, Wumulong Xiang, Banka Xiang; village health organization 185 129.50 55.50 villages organization building: 7 delivery kits for department of obstetrics and gynecology, construction invest RMB2,100; village health station construction: complete investment of RMB496,000, of which newly build 880 M2 village health station, complete investment of RMB440,000, i.e., 80M2 in Menggong Xiang: Dacaoba Village, Minglang Xiang240 M2: Maowu Village, Xiangshui Village, Niuhuotang Village, 160 M2 in Xiaomengtong Town: Hebian Village, Malishu Village, 160 M2 in Yongkang Town: Dika Village, Manglong Village, 160M2 in Dashan Xiang: Longzha Village, Shuifang Village, 80M2 in Wumulong Xiang: Xiaocun Village; village health station modification and expansion 112 M2, complete investment of RMB56,000, 70 M2 at Manghai Village under Minglang Xiang, 42M2 at Zangba Village under Wumulong Xiang; equipment refrigeration pack for 40 villagers’ committees, complete investment of RMB4,000; common drug revolving fund, complete investment of RMB40,000. In Year 1, public health service, complete investment of RMB260,000, namely mother and child healthcare: man-hour cost RMB32,000, consumables cost 2. Public health 40 project villages RMB38,000; health education: man-hour cost RMB32,000, consumables cost 130 91.00 39.00 service RMB88,000; planned immunity: man-hour cost RMB32,000, consumables cost RMB38,000. In Year 1, medical aid for the extremely poor, complete investment of 3. Medical aid for the RMB271.900, medical aid for extremely poor pregnant and lying-in women 40 project villages 130 91.00 39.00 extremely poor RMB81,900, medical aid for extremely poor population RMB120,000, medical aid for major diseases RMB70,000. In Year 1, health technician training, complete invest RMB70,000 for health 4. Health technician 7 project Xiangs/towns and 39 project technician training, RMB50,000 for Xiang-level health worker training, of which 35 24.50 10.50 training villages RMB30,000 for long-term training and RMB20,000 for short-term training; RMB20,000 for village health station health worker training; III. Infrastructure 3516.2 2257.30 1258.90 2. Medium/low yield 0.00 0.00 field modification Dashan: Shangwangou, Yongkang: In Year 1, invest RMB458,000 in total: of which 11km of auxiliary works to be Dikagou, Songtu: Zhonggou, restored at Shangwangou, Dashan, invest RMB458,000. Shimashangou, Wujiazhaigou, (3) Irrigation canal 591.2 379.53 211.67 Duifangwagou, Malishugou, Banka: Fangniuchanggou, Xiaomengtong::Maibagou 3. Methane tank Yongkang: Songtu, Xiaomengtong Town: In Year 1, build 1250 8m3 methane tanks, invest RMB2 million, namely 300 at 0.00 0.00 construction Yakou, Hebian, Malishu, Muchang, Songtu, Manglao and Yatang each in Yongkang; 100 at Yakou, 200 at Hebian and 50

20 Jueba, Xiaocun, Banka: Mangdong, at Malishu in Xiaomengtong Town; Fangmachang, Jianshan; Dashan Xiang: Malizhai, Shuifang, Longzha; Minglang Xiang: Maowu, Xiangshui; Menggong Xiang: Daba, Songlin. IV. Agricultural 2456 1964.80 491.20 development 1. Southern medical 848 678.40 169.60 plant planting Yongkang Town: Songtu Village, In Year 1, grow 1500mu myrobalan fruit at Yongkang Town: Songtu Village, (1) Myrobalan fruit Manglao; Xiaomengtong Town: Banlao Manglao Village each, invest RMB1.89 million; 378 302.40 75.60 planting Village, Hebian Village In Year 1, grow 200mu kusnezoff monkshood Yongkang: Mangkuang. Zhongshan, (2) Kusnezoff Songgui; Xiaomengtong: Yakou, Yumingzhu, Malishu; Wumulong: Jueba, Xintang, 260 208.00 52.00 monkshood planting Bangmai each, 2000mu in total, invest RMB1.3 million; Dika, Mangkuang, Zhongshan, Songgui; In Year 1, grow 336mu safflower at Yongkang: Dika, Mangkuang, Zhongshan, Xiaomengtong: Yakou, Hebian, Songgui; Xiaomengtong: Yakou, Hebian, Yumingzhu, Malishu, Banlao, Suanbagen, Yumingzhu, Malishu, Banlao, LichaiBanka: Mangdong each, 4200mu in total, invest RMB1.05 million. Suanbagen, Lichai; Banka: Mangdong, (3) Safflower Jianshan, Fangmachang, Fangniuchang, 210 168.00 42.00 planting Mangzhong; Dashan: Shuifang, Longzha, Zhichang, Yuhua; Minglang: Maowu, Xiangshui, Niuhuotang, Manghai, Mingxinba Dika, Zhongshan, Songgui; In Year 1, grow 200mu walnut at Yongkang: Dika, Zhongshan, Songgui; Xiaomengtong: Yakou, Yumingzhu, Xiaomengtong: Yakou, Yumingzhu, Suanbagen, Lichai; Wumulong: Jueba, Suanbagen, Lichai; Wumulong: Jueba, Shihuidi, Muchang; Banka: Mangdong each, 2500mu in total, invest RMB2.21 Shihuidi, Muchang; Banka: Mangdong, million. Fangmachang, Fangniuchang, 2. Walnut planting 442 353.60 88.40 JianshanDashan: Shuifang, Longzha, Zhichang, Yuhua, MalizhaiMinglang: Maowu, Xiangshui; Menggong: Dacaoba, Zuanshandong, Daba, Songlin

21 4. Stockbreeding 1056 844.80 211.20 Yongkang: Mangkuang, Songtu, In Year 1, raise 225 heads of cattle at Yongkang: Mangkuang, Songtu, Manglao, Manglao, Yatang; Xiaomengtong: Yatang; Xiaomengtong: Lichai, Suanbagen, Banlao, Malishu, Hebian; Minglang: Lichai, Suanbagen, Banlao, Malishu, Maowu each, 2250 heads in total, invest RMB2.7 million. Hebian; Minglang: Maowu, Xiangshui, (1) Cattle raising 540 432.00 108.00 Niuhuotang, Manghai, Mingxinba; Banka Xiang: Mangzhong, Mangdong, Jianshan; Menggong: Dacaoba, Daba, Songlin Yongkang: Mangkuang, Songgui, Dika, In Year 1, raise 185 heads of cattle at Yongkang: Mangkuang, Songgui, Dika, Songtu, Manglao, Zhongshan, Yatang; Songtu, Manglao, Zhongshan, Yatang; Xiaomengtong: Lichai, Suanbagen, Banlao, Xiaomengtong: Lichai, Suanbagen, Malishu, Hebian, Yakou, Yumingzhu; Wumulong: Jueba, Xiaocun, Wumulong, Banlao, Malishu, Hebian, Yakou, Shihuidi, Xintang, Muchang, Bangmai; Minglang: Maowu each, 3,700 heads in Yumingzhu; Wumulong: Jueba, total, invest RMB1,48 million. Xiaocun, Wumulong, Shihuidi, (2) Pig raising 296 236.80 59.20 Xintang, Muchang, Bangmai; Minglang: Maowu, Xiangshui, Niuhuotang, Manghai, Mingxinba; Banka Xiang: Mangzhong, Mangdong, Jianshan; Menggong: Dacaoba, Daba, Zuanshandong Village, Songlin, Yongkang: Dika, Mangkuang, Songgui, In Year 1, raise 5000 chicken at Yongkang: Dika, Mangkuang, Songgui, Songtu, Songtu, Manglao, Zhongshan, Yatang; Manglao, Zhongshan, Yatang; Xiaomengtong: Yakou, Lichai, Suanbagen, Banlao, Xiaomengtong: Yakou, Lichai, Malishu, Hebian, Yumingzhu; Wumulong: Jueba, Xiaocun, Wumulong, Shihuidi, Suanbagen, Banlao, Malishu, Hebian, Xintang, Muchang, Bangmai; Minglang: Maowu each, 100,000 chickens in total, Yumingzhu; Wumulong: Jueba, invest RMB1.1 million. Xiaocun, Wumulong, Shihuidi, (3) Chicken raising Xintang, Muchang, Bangmai; Banka: 220 176.00 44.00 Jianshan, Fangmachang, Mangdong, Fangniuchang, Mangzhong; Dashan Xiang: Shuifang, Longzha, Zhichang, Yuhua, Malizhai, Minglang Xiang: Maowu, Xiangshui, Niuhuotang, Manghai, Mingxinba; Banka Xiang:

22 Mangzhong, Mangdong, Jianshan; Menggong: Dacaoba, Daba, Zuanshandong Village, Songlin V. Community 415 232.32 182.68 capability building In Year 1, conduct crop planting field demonstration, technical training, practical 1. Training 40 project villages 350 195.93 154.07 technical training at 40 project villages, invest RMB1.043 million in total; 2. Farmer In Year 1, invest RMB2,000 in the farmer participatory monitoring teams of participatory 40 project villages Yongkang TownDika, Mangkuang, Zhongshan, Songgui, Songtu, Manglao, Yatang 1 0.56 0.44 monitoring team In Year 1, farmer exchange, villager meeting and booklet for Dika, Mangkuang, 3. Exchange between 40 project villages Zhongshan, Songgui, Songtu, Manglao, Yatang under Yongkang Town, invest 64 35.83 28.17 farmers RMB212,000 VI. Organization 249 116.80 132.20 capability building In Year 1, set up project management information network system, purchase 1. Project County Project Office, 7 project Xiangs working vehicles, computers, telephones and fax machines for county project office, 87 40.81 46.19 management and 40 project villages Xiang/town project offices and project villages, invest RMB870,000, In Year 1, set up expert monitoring, farmer monitoring point, farmer file, project 3. Monitoring & County Project Office, project supervision, data investigation and processing monitoring report discussion, etc, 61 28.61 32.39 evaluation Xiangs/towns and project villages invest RMB122,000; In Year 1, set up daily management activity, follow-up management activity, 4. Project County Project Office, project financial, purchase activities, community management activity, etc, invest 58 27.21 30.79 management Xiangs/towns and project villages RMB136,000; 5. Exchange between County Project Office, project In Year 1, exchanges, seminars and investigational activities between project areas,, 25 11.73 13.27 project areas Xiangs/towns and project villages invest RMB50,000;

Table 5: Schedule of 24 Village Projects Involving Minority of Yongde County in 2005 (projects whose construction location is at an administrative village are listed only) Year 1 Location (admin Year of Unit price Total World Bank Domestic No. Subproject Convent Qty. Unit Total World Domestic village) execution (RMB) investment loan counterpart Qty. investment Bank loan counterpart

23 I. Education Rural basic education 600.00 319.98 280.02 119.83 63.91 55.92 Schoolhouse modification & 1 360.00 191.99 168.01 119.83 63.91 55.92 construction Teaching building of 1.3.4 Muchang Complete Primary Muchang Village 1 Renovation 200 m2 650 13.00 6.93 6.07 200 13.00 6.93 6.07 School Classroom of Niuhetang 1.3.8 Niuhetang 1 Renovation 250 m2 300 7.50 4.00 3.50 250 7.50 4.00 3.50 Complete Primary School Teaching building of 1.3.9 Zuanshandong Complete Zuanshandong 1 Renovation 120 m2 650 7.80 4.16 3.64 120 7.80 4.16 3.64 Primary School II. Rural health subproject Project areas 480.00 336.00 144.00 114.4 80.08 34.32 1.3 village health station Health center 2007 House 2978.5 0.05 148.93 104.25 44.68 992 49.6 34.72 13.94 Construction of village Villagers’ 3 1.3.1 health station committee House 2560 m2 0.05 128.00 89.60 38.40 880 44 30.8 13.2 Villagers’ 1 1.3.1.1 committee House 80 m2 0.05 4 2.8 1.2 80 4 2.8 1.2 1.3.1.2 Dacaoba Village 1 House 80 m2 0.05 4 2.8 1.2 80 4 2.8 1.2 1.3.1.3 Maowu Village 1 House 80 m2 0.05 4 2.8 1.2 80 4 2.8 1.2 Niuhuotang 1 1.3.1.4 Village House 80 m2 0.05 4 2.8 1.2 80 4 2.8 1.2 1.3.1.6 Malishu Village 1 House 80 m2 0.05 4 2.8 1.2 80 4 2.8 1.2 1.3.1.9 Manglong Village 1 House 80 m2 0.05 4 2.8 1.2 80 4 2.8 1.2 1.3.1.10 Longzha Village 1 House 80 m2 0.05 4 2.8 1.2 80 4 2.8 1.2 Village health station 2007 1.3.2 modification/expansion House 418.5 m2 0.05 20.93 14.65 6.28 112 5.6 3.92 0.735 Villagers’ 3 committee House 70 m2 0.05 3.5 2.45 1.05 70 3.5 2.45 0.105 Manghai Village 1 House 42 m2 0.05 2.1 1.47 0.63 42 2.1 1.47 0.63 Villagers’ 2 1.4.1 Refrigerator committee Equipment 40 Unit 0.25 10.00 7.00 3.00 40 0.4 0.28 0.12 Suanbagen 2009 1.4.2 Refrigeration pack Village Equipment 40 Unit 0.01 0.40 0.280 0.120 40 0.4 0.28 0.12

24 Villagers’ 1 Refrigeration pack committee Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Dacaoba Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Songlin Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Malishu Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Manglong Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Songgui Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Yatang Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Manglao Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Longzha Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Yuhua Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Mali Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Maowu Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Xiangshui Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Niuhuotang 1 Refrigeration pack Village Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Xiaocun Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Wumulong 1 Refrigeration pack Village Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Shihuidi Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Xintang Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Bangmai Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Mangzhong 1 Refrigeration pack Village Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Zuanshandong 1 Refrigeration pack Village Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Daba Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Yumizhu Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Lichai Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Manghai Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Refrigeration pack Zangba Village 1 Equipment 1 Unit 0.01 0.01 0.007 0.003 1 0.01 0.007 0.003 Revolving fund for common Suanbagen 7 Xiangs/ 1.5 drugs Village towns Revolving fund 8 RMB10,000 8 5.6 2.4 4 4 2.8 1.2

25 Villagers’ 1, 2, 3, 4 committee Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Dacaoba Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Songlin Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Yakou Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Malishu Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Manglong Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Songgui Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Yatang Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Manglao Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Longzha Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Yuhua Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Mali Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Maowu Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Xiangshui Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Niuhuotang 1, 2, 3, 4 Village Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Xiaocun Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Wumulong 1, 2, 3, 4 Village Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Shihuidi Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Xintang Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Bangmai Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Muchang Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Zuanshandong 1, 2, 3, 4 Village Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Daba Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Yumizhu Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Lichai Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Manghai Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Zangba Village 1, 2, 3, 4 Revolving fund 0.2 RMB10,000 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.03 Suanbagen Project 2 Public health services Village areas Public health 133000 Man-day 130 91 39 26600 26 18.2 7.8

26 Villagers’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2.1 Mother and child healthcare committee Man-hour cost 4000 Man-day 40/man-day 16 11.2 4.8 800 3.2 2.24 0.96 Villagers’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2.2 Mother and child healthcare committee Consumables cost 14000 Person 13.57/person 19 13.3 5.7 2800 3.8 2.66 1.14 Villagers’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2.3 Health education committee Man-hour cost 4000 Man-day 40/man-day 16 11.2 4.8 800 3.2 2.24 0.96 Villagers’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2.4 Health education committee Consumables cost 100000 Person 4.4/person 44 30.8 13.2 20000 8.8 6.16 2.64 Villagers’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2.5 Planned immunity committee Man-hour cost 4000 Man-day 40/manday 16 11.2 4.8 800 3.2 2.24 0.96 Villagers’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2.6 Planned immunity committee Consumables cost 7000 Person 27.14/person 19 13.3 5.7 1400 3.8 2.66 1.14 Villagers’ 2.7 Parasite prevention and cure committee 2.8 Other activities Medical aid to the extremely 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 3 poor Medical aid 3446 Person 130 91 39 728 27.19 19.03 8.16 Extremely poor Villagers’ 639.85/ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 3.1 pregnant/lying-in women committee Medical aid 546 Person person 35 24.5 10.5 128 8.19 5.73 2.46 Villagers’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 3.2 Extremely poor population committee Medical aid 2500 Person 240/person 60 42 18 500 12 8.4 3.6 Villagers’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 3.3 Major disease committee Medical aid 500 Person 700/person 35 24.5 10.5 100 7 4.9 2.1 Villagers’ 4 Health technician training committee 35 24.5 10.5 7 4.9 2.1 4.1 County-level health worker 4.1.1 Long-term training 4.1.2 Short-term training 4.2 Xiang-level health worker 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Personnel training 25 17.5 7.5 5 3.5 1.5 4.2.1 Long-term training Health center 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Personnel training 100/300 Man/month 500 15 10.5 4.5 20/60 3 2.1 0.9 4.2.2 Short-term training Health center 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Personnel training 250/250 Man/week 400 10 7 3 50/50 2 1.4 0.6 4.3 Village health station Health center 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Personnel training 2000/2000 Man/day 50 10 7 3 400/400 2 1.4 0.6 Health worker Health station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

27 4.3.1 Long-term training Project 4.3.2 Short-term training areas Personnel training 2000/2000 Man/day 50 10 7 3 400/400 2 1.4 0.6 5 Other Health station III. Infrastructure construction 3516.20 2353.79 1162.41 45.80 29.40 16.40 3.1 Build irrigation canal Build irrigation canal 125.00 km 591.2 591.2 379.5 211.7 45.8 29.4 16.4 5.1 Build methane tank Build 8m3 methane tank 5000 Place 1600 800.00 547.52 252.48 200.00 136.87 63.13 5.1.2 Manglao 1 Build 8m3 methane tank 300 Place 1600.00 48.00 32.85 15.15 48.00 32.85 15.15 5.1.3 Yatang 1 Build 8m3 methane tank 300 Place 1600.00 48.00 32.85 15.15 48.00 32.85 15.15 5.1.6 Malishu 1 Build 8m3 methane tank 100 Place 1600.00 16.00 10.95 5.05 8.00 5.47 2.53 IV. Agricultural development 2456.00 1964.80 491.20 11700.00 1173.00 938.40 234.60 Planting of advantageous 2 cash crops mu 848.000 678.400 169.600 9200.000 424.000 339.200 84.800 Southern medical plant 2.1 planting mu Artificial planting of 1, 2 2.1.1 Myrobalan fruit myrobalan fruit 6000 mu 630.00 378.000 302.40 75.60 3000 189.000 151.200 37.800 Artificial planting of 1 2.1.1.2 Myrobalan fruit Manglao Village myrobalan fruit 1500 mu 630.00 94.500 75.60 18.90 1500 94.500 75.600 18.900 Kusnezoff monkshood 2.1.2 Kusnezoff monkshood planting 4000 mu 650.00 260.000 208.00 52.00 2000 130.000 104.000 26.000 Kusnezoff monkshood 1 2.1.2.1 Kusnezoff monkshood Mangkuang planting 200 mu 650.00 13.000 10.40 2.60 200 13.000 10.400 2.600 Kusnezoff monkshood 1 2.1.2.3 Kusnezoff monkshood Songgui planting 200 mu 650.00 13.000 10.40 2.60 200 13.000 10.400 2.600 Kusnezoff monkshood 1 2.1.2.6 Kusnezoff monkshood Malishu planting 200 mu 650.00 13.000 10.40 2.60 200 13.000 10.400 2.600 Kusnezoff monkshood 1 2.1.2.7 Kusnezoff monkshood Jueba planting 200 mu 650.00 13.000 10.40 2.60 200 13.000 10.400 2.600 Kusnezoff monkshood 1 2.1.2.8 Kusnezoff monkshood Xintang planting 200 mu 650.00 13.000 10.40 2.60 200 13.000 10.400 2.600 Kusnezoff monkshood 1 2.1.2.9 Kusnezoff monkshood Bangmai planting 200 mu 650.00 13.000 10.40 2.60 200 13.000 10.400 2.600

28 Kusnezoff monkshood 1 2.1.2.10 Kusnezoff monkshood Fangmachang planting 200 mu 650.00 13.000 10.40 2.60 200 13.000 10.400 2.600 2.1.3 Safflower 1, 2 Safflower planting 8400 mu 250.00 210.000 168.00 42.00 4200 105.000 84.000 21.000 2.1.3.2 Safflower Mangkuang 1 Safflower planting 336 mu 250.00 8.400 6.72 1.68 336 8.400 6.720 1.680 2.1.3.4 Safflower Songgui 1 Safflower planting 336 mu 250.00 8.400 6.72 1.68 336 8.400 6.720 1.680 2.1.3.8 Safflower Malishu 1 Safflower planting 336 mu 250.00 8.400 6.72 1.68 336 8.400 6.720 1.680 2.1.3.11 Safflower Lichai 1 Safflower planting 336 mu 250.00 8.400 6.72 1.68 336 8.400 6.720 1.680 Economic forest/fruit 3 planting 442.000 353.600 88.400 2500.000 221.000 176.800 44.200 3.1 Walnut planting Walnut planting 5000 mu 884.00 442.000 353.60 88.40 2500 221.000 176.800 44.200 3.1.3 Walnut planting Songgui 1 Walnut planting 200 mu 884.00 17.680 14.14 3.54 200 17.680 14.144 3.536 3.1.7 Walnut planting Lichai 1 Walnut planting 200 mu 884.00 17.680 14.14 3.54 200 17.680 14.144 3.536 3.1.8 Walnut planting Jueba 1 Walnut planting 200 mu 884.00 17.680 14.14 3.54 200 17.680 14.144 3.536 3.1.9 Walnut planting Shihuidi 1 Walnut planting 200 mu 884.00 17.680 14.14 3.54 200 17.680 14.144 3.536 3.1.10 Walnut planting Muchang 1 Walnut planting 200 mu 884.00 17.680 14.14 3.54 200 17.680 14.144 3.536 4, Stockbreeding 1056.000 844.800 211.200 528.000 422.400 105.600 4.1 Cattle raising 1, 2 4500 Head 1200.00 540.000 432.00 108.00 2250 270.000 216.000 54.000 4.1.1 Cattle raising Mangkuang 1 Beef cattle raising 225 Head 1200.00 27.000 21.60 5.40 225 27.000 21.600 5.400 4.1.3 Cattle raising Manglao 1 Beef cattle raising 225 Head 1200.00 27.000 21.60 5.40 225 27.000 21.600 5.400 4.1.4 Cattle raising Yatang 1 Beef cattle raising 225 Head 1200.00 27.000 21.60 5.40 225 27.000 21.600 5.400 4.1.6 Cattle raising Malishu 1 Beef cattle raising 225 Head 1200.00 27.000 21.60 5.40 225 27.000 21.600 5.400 4.1.9 Cattle raising Lichai 1 Beef cattle raising 225 Head 1200.00 27.000 21.60 5.40 225 27.000 21.600 5.400 4.1.10 Cattle raising Maowu 1 Beef cattle raising 225 Head 1200.00 27.000 21.60 5.40 225 27.000 21.600 5.400 4.3 Pig raising 1, 2 Pig raising 7400 Head 400.00 296.000 236.80 59.20 3700 148.000 118.400 29.600 4.3.2 Pig raising Mangkuang 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480 4.3.4 Pig raising Songgui 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480 4.3.6 Pig raising Manglao 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480 4.3.7 Pig raising Yatang 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480 4.3.11 Pig raising Malishu 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480 4.3.14 Pig raising Lichai 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480 4.3.15 Pig raising Jueba 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480 4.3.16 Pig raising Xiaocun 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480 4.3.17 Pig raising Wumulong 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480

29 4.3.18 Pig raising Shihuidi 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480 4.3.19 Pig raising Xintang 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480 4.3.20 Pig raising Muchang 1 Pig raising 185 Head 400.00 7.400 5.92 1.48 185 7.400 5.920 1.480 4.4 Chicken raising 1, 2 Chicken raising 200000 Head 11.00 220.000 176.00 44.00 100000 110.000 88.000 22.000 4.4.2 Chicken raising Mangkuang 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 4.4.4 Chicken raising Songgui 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 4.4.6 Chicken raising Manglao 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 4.4.7 Chicken raising Yatang 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 4.4.11 Chicken raising Malishu 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 4.4.14 Chicken raising Lichai 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 4.4.15 Chicken raising Jueba 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 4.4.16 Chicken raising Xiaocun 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 4.4.17 Chicken raising Wumulong 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 4.4.18 Chicken raising Shihuidi 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 4.4.19 Chicken raising Xintang 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 4.4.20 Chicken raising Muchang 1 Chicken raising 5000 Head 11.00 5.500 4.40 1.10 5000 5.500 4.400 1.100 Community capability V. building 415.00 232.32 182.67 20316.00 116.95 65.49 51.45 1 Training Man-time 350.0 195.93 154.07 95.6 53.5 42.0 1.1 Participatory training 40 10.0 5.60 0.44 20 5.0 2.8 2.2 Participatory planning 1 1.1.2 Participatory training Mangkuang training 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110 Participatory planning 1 1.1.4 Participatory training Songgui training 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110 Participatory planning 1 1.1.6 Participatory training Manglao training 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110 Participatory planning 1 1.1.7 Participatory training Yatang training 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110 Participatory planning 1 1.1.11 Participatory training Malishu training 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110 Participatory planning 1 1.1.14 Participatory training Lichai training 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110 1.1.15 Participatory training Jueba 1 Participatory planning 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110

30 training Participatory planning 1 1.1.16 Participatory training Xiaocun training 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110 Participatory planning 1 1.1.17 Participatory training Wumulong training 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110 Participatory planning 1 1.1.18 Participatory training Shihuidi training 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110 Participatory planning 1 1.1.19 Participatory training Xintang training 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110 Participatory planning 1 1.1.20 Participatory training Muchang training 1 Village 2500.00 0.250 0.14 0.01 1 0.250 0.140 0.110 1.2 Field demonstration 22.40 12.54 9.86 40 22.40 12.54 9.85 1.2.2 Field demonstration Mangkuang 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.4 Field demonstration Songgui 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.6 Field demonstration Manglao 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.7 Field demonstration Yatang 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.11 Field demonstration Malishu 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.14 Field demonstration Lichai 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.15 Field demonstration Jueba 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.16 Field demonstration Xiaocun 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.17 Field demonstration Wumulong 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.18 Field demonstration Shihuidi 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.19 Field demonstration Xintang 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.20 Field demonstration Muchang 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.21 Field demonstration Bangmai 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.28 Field demonstration Longzha 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.30 Field demonstration Yuhua 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.31 Field demonstration Malizhai 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.32 Field demonstration Maowu 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.33 Field demonstration Xiangshui 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.34 Field demonstration Niuhuotang 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.35 Field demonstration Manghai 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.37 Field demonstration Dacaoba 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246

31 1.2.38 Field demonstration Zuanshandong 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.39 Field demonstration Daba 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.2.40 Field demonstration Songlin 1 Crop planting demonstration 1 Village 5600.00 0.560 0.313 0.247 1 0.560 0.314 0.246 1.3 Technician training 0.6 0.3 0.3 20 0.3 0.2 0.1 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.2 Technician training Mangkuang training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.4 Technician training Songgui training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.6 Technician training Manglao training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.7 Technician training Yatang training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.11 Technician training Malishu training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.14 Technician training Lichai training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.15 Technician training Jueba training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.16 Technician training Xiaocun training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.17 Technician training Wumulong training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.18 Technician training Shihuidi training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.19 Technician training Xintang training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Planting, breeding technical 1 1.3.20 Technician training Muchang training 1 Village 150 0.015 0.01 0.01 1 0.015 0.008 0.007 Farmer practical technical 1 1.4 training 200.00 111.988 87.987 40000 40.000 22.398 17.597 Farmer practical technical Planting, breeding technical 1 1.4.2 training Mangkuang training 5000 Man-time 10.0 5.000 2.80 2.20 5000 5.000 2.800 2.200 1.4.4 Farmer practical technical Songgui 1 Planting, breeding technical 5000 Man-time 10.0 5.000 2.80 2.20 5000 5.000 2.800 2.200

32 training training Farmer practical technical Planting, breeding technical 1 1.4.6 training Manglao training 5000 Man-time 10.00 5.000 2.80 2.20 5000 5.000 2.800 2.200 Farmer practical technical Planting, breeding technical 1 1.4.7 training Yatang training 5000 Man-time 10.00 5.00 2.80 2.20 5000 5.00 2.800 2.20 Farmer practical skill 1.5 training 40.00 22.40 17.60 10000 10.00 5.60 4.40 Farmer practical skill Planting, breeding skill 1 1.5.2 training Mangkuang training 1000 Man-time 10.00 1.000 0.56 0.44 1000 1.000 0.560 0.440 Farmer practical skill Planting, breeding skill 1 1.5.4 training Songgui training 1000 Man-time 10.00 1.000 0.56 0.44 1000 1.000 0.560 0.440 Farmer practical skill Planting, breeding skill 1 1.5.6 training Manglao training 1000 Man-time 10.00 1.000 0.56 0.44 1000 1.000 0.560 0.440 Farmer practical skill Planting, breeding skill 1 1.5.7 training Yatang training 1000 Man-time 10.00 1.000 0.56 0.44 1000 1.000 0.560 0.440 Stockbreeding technical Stockbreeding technical 1.6 training training 6.00 3.36 2.64 14 2.10 1.18 0.92 Stockbreeding technical Stockbreeding technical 1 1.6.2 training Mangkuang training 1 Village 1500.00 0.150 0.08 0.07 1 0.150 0.084 0.066 Stockbreeding technical Stockbreeding technical 1 1.6.4 training Songgui training 1 Village 1500.00 0.150 0.08 0.07 1 0.150 0.084 0.066 Stockbreeding technical Stockbreeding technical 1 1.6.6 training Manglao training 1 Village 1500.00 0.150 0.08 0.07 1 0.150 0.084 0.066 Stockbreeding technical Stockbreeding technical 1 1.6.7 training Yatang training 1 Village 1500.00 0.150 0.08 0.07 1 0.150 0.084 0.066 Stockbreeding technical Stockbreeding technical 1 1.6.11 training Malishu training 1 Village 1500.00 0.150 0.08 0.07 1 0.150 0.084 0.066 Stockbreeding technical Stockbreeding technical 1 1.6.14 training Lichai training 1 Village 1500.00 0.150 0.08 0.07 1 0.150 0.084 0.066 Economic forest technical 1.8 training 10.00 5.60 4.40 25 10.00 5.60 4.40 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.3 Walnut cultivation techniqueSonggui management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176

33 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.7 Walnut cultivation techniqueLichai management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.8 Walnut cultivation techniqueJueba management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.9 Walnut cultivation techniqueShihuidi management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.10 Walnut cultivation techniqueMuchang management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.16 Walnut cultivation techniqueLongzha management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.18 Walnut cultivation techniqueYuhua management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.19 Walnut cultivation techniqueMalizhai management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.20 Walnut cultivation techniqueMaowu management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.21 Walnut cultivation techniqueXiangshui management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.22 Walnut cultivation techniqueDacaoba management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.23 Walnut cultivation techniqueZuanshandong management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.24 Walnut cultivation techniqueDaba management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 Walnut cultivation, 1 1.8.25 Walnut cultivation techniqueSonglin management technique 1 Village 4000.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 1 0.400 0.224 0.176 1.9 Cash crop technical training Village 46.00 25.76 20.24 5 5.75 3.22 2.53 Field demonstration of southern medical plant 1 Southern medical plant cultivation, management 1.9.2 cultivation technique Mangkuang technique 1 Village 11500.00 1.150 0.64 0.51 1 1.150 0.644 0.506 Southern medical plant Field demonstration of 1 1.9.4 cultivation technique Songgui southern medical plant 1 Village 11500.00 1.150 0.64 0.51 1 1.150 0.644 0.506

34 cultivation, management technique Farmer participatory 2 monitoring team 1.0 0.6 0.5 8 0.2 0.1 0.1 Farmer participatory Farmer participatory 1 2.1.2 monitoring team Mangkuang monitoring team 1 Unit 250.00 0.025 0.01 0.01 1 0.025 0.014 0.011 Farmer participatory Farmer participatory 1 2.1.4 monitoring team Songgui monitoring team 1 Unit 250.00 0.025 0.01 0.01 1 0.025 0.014 0.011 Farmer participatory Farmer participatory 1 2.1.6 monitoring team Manglao monitoring team 1 Unit 250.00 0.025 0.01 0.01 1 0.025 0.014 0.011 Farmer participatory Farmer participatory 1 2.1.7 monitoring team Yatang monitoring team 1 Unit 250.00 0.025 0.01 0.01 1 0.025 0.014 0.011 Exchange and information communication between 3 farmers 64.0 35.8 28.2 20308 21.2 11.9 9.3 3.1 Villager meeting 16.0 9.0 7.0 160 3.2 1.8 1.4 3.1.2 Villager meeting Mangkuang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.4 Villager meeting Songgui 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.6 Villager meeting Manglao 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.7 Villager meeting Yatang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.11 Villager meeting Malishu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.14 Villager meeting Lichai 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.15 Villager meeting Jueba 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.16 Villager meeting Xiaocun 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.17 Villager meeting Wumulong 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.18 Villager meeting Shihuidi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.19 Villager meeting Xintang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.20 Villager meeting Muchang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.21 Villager meeting Bangmai 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.28 Villager meeting Longzha 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.30 Villager meeting Yuhua 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.31 Villager meeting Malizhai 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.32 Villager meeting Maowu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035

35 3.1.33 Villager meeting Xiangshui 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.34 Villager meeting Niuhuotang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.35 Villager meeting Manghai 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.37 Villager meeting Dacaoba 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.38 Villager meeting Zuanshandong 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.39 Villager meeting Daba 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.1.40 Villager meeting Songlin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Villager meeting 20 Man-time 200.00 0.400 0.22 0.18 4 0.080 0.045 0.035 3.2 Site visit Time 8.0 4.5 3.5 100 2.0 1.1 0.9 3.2.2 Site visit Mangkuang 1 Site visit 10 Man-time 200.00 0.200 0.11 0.09 10 0.200 0.112 0.088 3.2.4 Site visit Songgui 1 Site visit 10 Man-time 200.00 0.200 0.11 0.09 10 0.200 0.112 0.088 3.2.6 Site visit Manglao 1 Site visit 10 Man-time 200.00 0.200 0.11 0.09 10 0.200 0.112 0.088 3.2.7 Site visit Yatang 1 Site visit 10 Man-time 200.00 0.200 0.11 0.09 10 0.200 0.112 0.088 3.3 Broadcast equipment 15.0 8.4 6.6 8 3.0 1.7 1.3 3.3.2 Broadcast equipment Mangkuang 1 Broadcast equipment 1 Set 3750.00 0.375 0.21 0.16 1 0.375 0.210 0.165 3.3.4 Broadcast equipment Songgui 1 Broadcast equipment 1 Set 3750.00 0.375 0.21 0.16 1 0.375 0.210 0.165 3.3.6 Broadcast equipment Manglao 1 Broadcast equipment 1 Set 3750.00 0.375 0.21 0.16 1 0.375 0.210 0.165 3.3.7 Broadcast equipment Yatang 1 Broadcast equipment 1 Set 3750.00 0.375 0.21 0.16 1 0.375 0.210 0.165 3.4 TV set, VCD 40 villages 1 TV set 40 Unit 2500.00 10.0 5.60 4.40 40 10.000 5.599 4.399 3.5 Booklet 15.0 8.4 6.6 20000 3.0 1.7 1.3 3.5.2 Booklet Mangkuang 1 Booklet 2500 Copy 1.50 0.375 0.21 0.16 2500 0.375 0.210 0.165 3.5.4 Booklet Songgui 1 Booklet 2500 Copy 1.50 0.375 0.21 0.16 2500 0.375 0.210 0.165 3.5.6 Booklet Manglao 1 Booklet 2500 Copy 1.50 0.375 0.21 0.16 2500 0.375 0.210 0.165 3.5.7 Booklet Yatang 1 Booklet 2500 Copy 1.50 0.375 0.21 0.16 2500 0.375 0.210 0.165 Organization capability building & project VI. monitoring/ management 249.00 116.80 132.20 268.00 131.80 69.98 69.98 Set up project management 1 information network system 87.00 40.81 46.19 228.00 87.00 46.19 46.19 1.1 Office equipment 69.60 32.65 36.95 216.00 69.60 36.95 36.95 County Project 1 1.1.1 Notepad PC Office Purchase of Notepad PC 4 Unit 15000 6.00 2.81 3.19 4 6.000 3.19 3.186 1.1.2 Desktop PC 25.00 11.73 13.27 50.00 25.00 13.27 13.27 1.1.2.1 Desktop PC County Project 1 Purchase of desktop PC 3 Unit 5000 1.50 0.70 0.80 3 1.500 0.80 0.796

36 Office 1.1.2.2 Desktop PC Yongkang Town 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 Xiaomengtong 1 1.1.2.3 Desktop PC Town Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.4 Desktop PC Wumulong Xiang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.500 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.5 Desktop PC Banka Xiang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.6 Desktop PC Dashan Xiang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.7 Desktop PC Minglang Xiang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.8 Desktop PC Menggong Xiang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.10 Desktop PC Mangkuang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.12 Desktop PC Songgui 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.14 Desktop PC Manglao 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.15 Desktop PC Yatang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.19 Desktop PC Malishu 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.22 Desktop PC Lichai 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.23 Desktop PC Jueba 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.24 Desktop PC Xiaocun 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.25 Desktop PC Wumulong 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.26 Desktop PC Shihuidi 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.27 Desktop PC Xintang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.28 Desktop PC Muchang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.29 Desktop PC Bangmai 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.36 Desktop PC Longzha 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.38 Desktop PC Yuhua 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.39 Desktop PC Malizhai 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.40 Desktop PC Maowu 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.41 Desktop PC Xiangshui 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.42 Desktop PC Niuhuotang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.43 Desktop PC Manghai 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.12 Desktop PC Songgui 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.14 Desktop PC Manglao 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.15 Desktop PC Yatang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.19 Desktop PC Malishu 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265

37 1.1.2.22 Desktop PC Lichai 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.23 Desktop PC Jueba 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.24 Desktop PC Xiaocun 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.25 Desktop PC Wumulong 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.26 Desktop PC Shihuidi 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.27 Desktop PC Xintang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.28 Desktop PC Muchang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.29 Desktop PC Bangmai 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.36 Desktop PC Longzha 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.38 Desktop PC Yuhua 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.39 Desktop PC Malizhai 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.40 Desktop PC Maowu 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.41 Desktop PC Xiangshui 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.42 Desktop PC Niuhuotang 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.43 Desktop PC Manghai 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.45 Desktop PC Dacaoba 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.46 Desktop PC Zuanshandong 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.47 Desktop PC Daba 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.2.48 Desktop PC Songlin 1 Purchase of desktop PC 1 Unit 5000 0.50 0.23 0.27 1 0.500 0.27 0.265 1.1.3 Laser printer 3000 15.00 7.04 7.96 50.00 15.00 7.96 7.96 County Project 1 1.1.3.1 Laser printer Office Purchase of laser printer 3 Unit 3000 0.90 0.42 0.48 3 0.900 0.48 0.478 1.1.3.2 Laser printer Yongkang Town 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 Xiaomengtong 1 1.1.3.3 Laser printer Town Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.4 Laser printer Wumulong Xiang 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.5 Laser printer Banka Xiang 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.6 Laser printer Dashan Xiang 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.7 Laser printer Minglang Xiang 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.8 Laser printer Menggong Xiang 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.10 Laser printer Mangkuang 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.12 Laser printer Songgui 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.14 Laser printer Manglao 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159

38 1.1.3.15 Laser printer Yatang 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.19 Laser printer Malishu 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.22 Laser printer Lichai 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.23 Laser printer Jueba 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.24 Laser printer Xiaocun 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.25 Laser printer Wumulong 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.26 Laser printer Shihuidi 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.27 Laser printer Xintang 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.28 Laser printer Muchang 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.29 Laser printer Bangmai 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.36 Laser printer Longzha 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.38 Laser printer Yuhua 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.39 Laser printer Malizhai 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.40 Laser printer Maowu 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.41 Laser printer Xiangshui 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.42 Laser printer Niuhuotang 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.43 Laser printer Manghai 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.45 Laser printer Dacaoba 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.46 Laser printer Zuanshandong 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.47 Laser printer Daba 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.3.48 Laser printer Songlin 1 Purchase of laser printer 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 1.1.4 Copying unit 15.00 7.04 7.96 10.00 15.00 7.96 7.96 County Project 1 1.1.4.1 Copying unit Office Purchase of copying unit 3 Unit 15000 4.50 2.11 2.39 3 4.500 2.39 2.389 1.1.4.2 Copying unit Yongkang Town 1 Purchase of copying unit 1 Unit 15000 1.50 0.70 0.80 1 1.500 0.80 0.796 Xiaomengtong 1 1.1.4.3 Copying unit Town Purchase of copying unit 1 Unit 15000 1.50 0.70 0.80 1 1.500 0.80 0.796 1.1.4.4 Copying unit Wumulong Xiang 1 Purchase of copying unit 1 Unit 15000 1.50 0.70 0.80 1 1.500 0.80 0.796 1.1.4.5 Copying unit Banka Xiang 1 Purchase of copying unit 1 Unit 15000 1.50 0.70 0.80 1 1.500 0.80 0.796 1.1.4.6 Copying unit Dashan Xiang 1 Purchase of copying unit 1 Unit 15000 1.50 0.70 0.80 1 1.500 0.80 0.796 1.1.4.7 Copying unit Minglang Xiang 1 Purchase of copying unit 1 Unit 15000 1.50 0.70 0.80 1 1.500 0.80 0.796 1.1.4.8 Copying unit Menggong Xiang 1 Purchase of copying unit 1 Unit 15000 1.50 0.70 0.80 1 1.500 0.80 0.796 1.1.5 Fax machine 6.00 2.81 3.19 50.00 6.00 3.19 3.19

39 County Project 1 1.1.5.1 Fax machine Office Purchase of fax machine 3 Unit 1200 0.36 0.17 0.19 3 0.360 0.19 0.191 1.1.5.2 Fax machine Yongkang Town 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 Xiaomengtong 1 1.1.5.3 Fax machine Town Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.4 Fax machine Wumulong Xiang 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.5 Fax machine Banka Xiang 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.6 Fax machine Dashan Xiang 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.7 Fax machine Minglang Xiang 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.8 Fax machine Menggong Xiang 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.10 Fax machine Mangkuang 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.12 Fax machine Songgui 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.14 Fax machine Manglao 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.15 Fax machine Yatang 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.19 Fax machine Malishu 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.22 Fax machine Lichai 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.23 Fax machine Jueba 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.24 Fax machine Xiaocun 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.25 Fax machine Wumulong 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.26 Fax machine Shihuidi 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.27 Fax machine Xintang 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.28 Fax machine Muchang 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.29 Fax machine Bangmai 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.36 Fax machine Longzha 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.38 Fax machine Yuhua 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.39 Fax machine Malizhai 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.40 Fax machine Maowu 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.41 Fax machine Xiangshui 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.42 Fax machine Niuhuotang 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.43 Fax machine Manghai 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.45 Fax machine Dacaoba 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.46 Fax machine Zuanshandong 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 1.1.5.47 Fax machine Daba 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064

40 1.1.5.48 Fax machine Songlin 1 Purchase of fax machine 1 Unit 1200 0.12 0.06 0.06 1 0.120 0.06 0.064 County Project 1 1.1.6 Digital camera Office Digital camera 1 Unit 3000 0.30 0.14 0.16 1 0.300 0.16 0.159 County Project 1.1.7 Camera Office Camera 1 Unit 1 1.1.8 Scanner Scanner Unit 1000 County Project 1 1.1.9 Video camera Office Video camera 1 Unit 15000 1.50 0.70 0.80 1 1.500 0.80 0.796 1.1.10 Telephone 0.80 0.38 0.42 50.00 0.80 0.42 0.42 County Project 1 1.1.10.1 Telephone Office Purchase of telephone set 3 Unit 160 0.048 0.02 0.03 3 0.048 0.03 0.025 1.1.10.2 Telephone Yongkang Town 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 Xiaomengtong 1 1.1.10.3 Telephone Town Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.4 Telephone Wumulong Xiang 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.5 Telephone Banka Xiang 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.6 Telephone Dashan Xiang 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.7 Telephone Minglang Xiang 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.8 Telephone Menggong Xiang 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.10 Telephone Mangkuang 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.12 Telephone Songgui 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.14 Telephone Manglao 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.15 Telephone Yatang 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.19 Telephone Malishu 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.22 Telephone Lichai 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.23 Telephone Jueba 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.24 Telephone Xiaocun 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.25 Telephone Wumulong 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.26 Telephone Shihuidi 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.27 Telephone Xintang 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.28 Telephone Muchang 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.29 Telephone Bangmai 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.36 Telephone Longzha 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008

41 1.1.10.38 Telephone Yuhua 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.39 Telephone Malizhai 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.40 Telephone Maowu 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.41 Telephone Xiangshui 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.42 Telephone Niuhuotang 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.43 Telephone Manghai 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.45 Telephone Dacaoba 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.46 Telephone Zuanshandong 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.47 Telephone Daba 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.1.10.48 Telephone Songlin 1 Purchase of telephone set 1 Unit 160 0.016 0.01 0.01 1 0.016 0.01 0.008 1.2 Office furniture 1 2.40 1.13 1.27 12.00 2.40 1.27 1.27 County Project 5 1.2.1 County level Office Purchase of office desk/chair 5 Set 2000 1.000 0.47 0.53 5 1.000 0.53 0.531 1.2.2 Xiang level Purchase of office desk/chair Set 2000 1.2.3 Purchase of office desk/chairYongkang Town 1 Purchase of office desk/chair 1 Set 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 Xiaomengtong 1 1.2.4 Purchase of office desk/chairTown Purchase of office desk/chair 1 Set 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 1.2.5 Purchase of office desk/chairWumulong Xiang 1 Purchase of office desk/chair 1 Set 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 1.2.6 Purchase of office desk/chairBanka Xiang 1 Purchase of office desk/chair 1 Set 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 1.2.7 Purchase of office desk/chairDashan Xiang 1 Purchase of office desk/chair 1 Set 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 1.2.8 Purchase of office desk/chairMinglang Xiang 1 Purchase of office desk/chair 1 Set 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 1.2.9 Purchase of office desk/chairMenggong Xiang 1 Purchase of office desk/chair 1 Set 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 Set up farmer monitoring 3.2 point 8.000 3.753 4.247 1.000 0.531 0.531 Set up farmer monitoring Set up farmer monitoring 1 3.2.2 point Mangkuang point 4 Unit 500 0.200 0.09 0.11 4 0.200 0.11 0.106 Set up farmer monitoring Set up farmer monitoring 1 3.2.4 point Songgui point 4 Unit 500 0.200 0.09 0.11 4 0.200 0.11 0.106 3.3 Set up farmer file 10.00 4.691 5.309 8.000 2.000 1.062 1.062 3.3.2 Set up farmer file Mangkuang 1 Set up farmer file 1 Copy 2500 0.25 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133 3.3.4 Set up farmer file Songgui 1 Set up farmer file 1 Copy 2500 0.25 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133 3.3.6 Set up farmer file Manglao 1 Set up farmer file 1 Copy 2500 0.25 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133 3.3.7 Set up farmer file Yatang 1 Set up farmer file 1 Copy 2500 0.25 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133

42 3.4 Project supervision 8.000 3.753 4.247 8.000 1.600 0.849 0.849 3.4.2 Project supervision Mangkuang 1 Project supervision 1 Village 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 3.4.4 Project supervision Songgui 1 Project supervision 1 Village 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 3.4.6 Project supervision Manglao 1 Project supervision 1 Village 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 3.4.7 Project supervision Yatang 1 Project supervision 1 Village 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 Data investigation and 3.6 processing 8.000 3.753 4.247 5.000 1.000 0.531 0.531 Data investigation and Data investigation and 1 3.6.2 processing Mangkuang processing 1 Unit 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 Data investigation and Data investigation and 1 3.6.4 processing Songgui processing 1 Unit 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 3.7 Monitoring report discussion 10.000 4.691 5.309 8.000 2.000 1.062 1.062 3.7.2 Monitoring report discussionMangkuang 1 Monitoring report seminar 1 Time 2500 0.250 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133 3.7.4 Monitoring report discussionSonggui 1 Monitoring report seminar 1 Time 2500 0.250 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133 3.7.6 Monitoring report discussionManglao 1 Monitoring report seminar 1 Time 2500 0.250 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133 3.7.7 Monitoring report discussionYatang 1 Monitoring report seminar 1 Time 2500 0.250 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133 4 Project management 58.000 27.206 30.794 40.000 11.600 6.159 6.159 4.1 Daily management activity 15.000 7.036 7.964 8.000 3.000 1.593 1.593 4.1.2 Daily management activity Mangkuang 1 Daily management activity 1 Village 3750 0.375 0.18 0.20 1 0.375 0.20 0.199 4.1.4 Daily management activity Songgui 1 Daily management activity 1 Village 3750 0.375 0.18 0.20 1 0.375 0.20 0.199 4.1.6 Daily management activity Manglao 1 Daily management activity 1 Village 3750 0.375 0.18 0.20 1 0.375 0.20 0.199 4.1.7 Daily management activity Yatang 1 Daily management activity 1 Village 3750 0.375 0.18 0.20 1 0.375 0.20 0.199 Follow-up management Follow-up management 1 4.2.2 activity Mangkuang activity 1 Village 1250 0.125 0.06 0.07 1 0.125 0.07 0.066 Follow-up management Follow-up management 1 4.2.4 activity Songgui activity 1 Village 1250 0.125 0.06 0.07 1 0.125 0.07 0.066 Follow-up management Follow-up management 1 4.2.6 activity Manglao activity 1 Village 1250 0.125 0.06 0.07 1 0.125 0.07 0.066 Follow-up management Follow-up management 1 4.2.7 activity Yatang activity 1 Village 1250 0.125 0.06 0.07 1 0.125 0.07 0.066 4.3.2 Financial, purchase activitiesMangkuang 1 Financial, purchase activities 1 Village 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 4.3.4 Financial, purchase activitiesSonggui 1 Financial, purchase activities 1 Village 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 4.3.6 Financial, purchase activitiesManglao 1 Financial, purchase activities 1 Village 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106

43 4.3.7 Financial, purchase activitiesYatang 1 Financial, purchase activities 1 Village 2000 0.200 0.09 0.11 1 0.200 0.11 0.106 Community management 4.5 activity 10.000 4.691 5.309 8.000 2.000 1.062 1.062 Community management Community management 1 4.5.2 activity Mangkuang activity 1 Village 2500 0.250 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133 Community management Community management 1 4.5.4 activity Songgui activity 1 Village 2500 0.250 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133 Community management Community management 1 4.5.6 activity Manglao activity 1 Village 2500 0.250 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133 Community management Community management 1 4.5.7 activity Yatang activity 1 Village 2500 0.250 0.12 0.13 1 0.250 0.13 0.133

44 Chapter 6. Project Supervision and Evaluation

I. Supervision Mechanism

The supervision and evaluation of the project’s execution also applies to the execution of the Yongde Minority Development Program. As required by the World Bank, 3 independent and closely cooperating supervisory mechanisms will be established:

a. Supervisory mechanism set up by the farmers in the project areas;

b. Supervision and evaluation by the supervisory personnel of the World Bank;

c. Supervision by all levels of government supervisory departments.

II. Evaluation Mechanism

The project’s social assessment is an important basis of the project design and establishment, and also an essential procedure in the project’s execution and supervision. To guarantee the MDP’s execution, the project assessment shall include the assessment of the Yongde Minority Development Program’s execution, the understanding of the MDP’s execution, the provision of an observation report submitted to the World Bank and the Provincial Project Office. The project’s social assessment must be:

a. Executed by an independent academic institution outside the project region or province;

b. The supervisory and observational organ must be determined by the World Bank and the Provincial Project Office through negotiation;

c. The observation report must be submitted to the World Bank and the Provincial Project Office;

d. The observation results shall be fed back to all levels of project offices timely for timely rectification. 46