Losing the Iron Horse?
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The Blood-Horse ◀ MAJOR INDICES DROP SPECIAL A study by AT FASIG-TIPTON shows a decline in starts KENTUCKY SALE REPORT ■ GIO PONTI’S VA. DERBY/3708 per foal since 1970 ■ DEL MAR OPENS/3710 BloodHorse.com ® International Thoroughbred Breeding and Racing July 26, 2008/No.30 Losing the Iron Horse? EXAMINING RACEHORSE PERFORMANCE BY SIRE OVER THE LAST FOUR DECADES U.S. $4.95 (CAN. $7.95) Display Through August 9 Cover-0626.indd 3637 7/21/08 10:21:53 AM BLACK YELLOW MAGENTA CYAN BH30-3637.pgs 07.21.2008 10:25 TheBloodHorse More info at SPECIAL REPORT The starts per foal BloodHorse.com OVERVIEW statistic should not be To access the full Losing the Iron Horse? misconstrued to rep- 232-page PDF resent a ny sor t of com- report, or to down- load the report prehensive indicator by decade, go to of soundness or du- BloodHorse.com rability of a stallion’s progeny. The number is one slice of a com- One Slice of a Complex plex statistical pie. It is, however, a number that can be applied uniformly across the decades in order to identify trends. Statistical Pie As discussed earlier, not all racehorses are managed the same way. Anecdotally, BY ERIC MITCHELL industry professionals will say horses with more residual value as breeding stock tend he toughness of the modern Thoroughbred racehorse has been questioned for to race less. Trainers and owners are likely years. A steady decline in average starts per starter reported by The Jockey Club more selective in the races they pick for Tsince 1950 has fueled speculation that the runners of 30 to 40 years ago were made higher-priced horses. Once a horse has of sterner stuff. Speculation has grown into genuine industry-wide alarm beginning shown an ability to run, the exit to the with the high-profile breakdown of Barbaro in the 2006 Preakness Stakes (gr. I) and breeding shed can come quickly. peaking with the tragic collapse of Eight Belles following this year’s Kentucky Derby In order to make more uniform compar- Presented by Yum! Brands (gr. I). isons by quality, The Blood-Horse further subdivided the stallions by the quality of their runners. Originally, the plan was Study shows average starts per foal to subdivide stallions by stud fee, but re- liable stud fee data is not available back has dropped significantly since the 1970s to the 1970s, when a large percentage of commercial stallions were listed with pri- Compiling figures on starts per starter le a s t a c u r s or y i nd ic at ion of how m a ny fo a l s vate fees. Instead, it was decided to group for all runners in North America yields were sturdy enough to withstand training stallions according to whether they had an interesting statistic, but it doesn’t pro- and become racehorses, then indicate their sired a grade I winner, a grade II or grade vide any insight. After all, graded stakes longevity once they began racing. III winner, a non-graded stakes winner, or winners are lumped together with $5,000 With the help of statistician Dr. Richard had not sired any stakes winners. claimers, and these two groups of racehors- Thalheimer, president of Thalheimer Re- Within each stallion subgroup, the de- es are managed very differently. In order to search Associates, The Blood-Horse iden- cline in starts per foal between 1970 and begin understanding the scope of the prob- tified starts per foal as the key indicator. 2003 was consistent. The starts per foal lem, The Blood-Horse set out four months Starts per foal is statistically equivalent to among the sires of grade I winners was ago to first identify whether a problem combining the percentage of runners from 19.32 in the ’70s, falling to 13.10 for the even existed. We had one question to an- named foals and the percentage of starts 2000-03 crops. The sires of non-graded swer: Is there real evidence that racehorses from starters. From that data came starts stakes winners collectively had 21.51 starts aren’t as tough as they once were? The per foal for each stallion in the study. per foal in the ’70s, which has fallen to 13 short answer is “yes.” The average starts for the foals of 2000-03. per foal has fallen 35.6% from 20.42 for Sire Trend Line The study did produce some sur- foals born in the 1970s to 13.15 for the prises. The sires of graded stakes and foals of 2000-2003. The average starts non-graded stakes winners had higher per 2-year-old starter is down 30.4%, the GSW Sires Starts/Foal starts per foal than sires that had not SW Starts/Foal average starts per 3-year-old starter has (excluding GSWs) produced any stakes winners. The sires dropped 31.3%, and the average starts No SWs Starts/Foal of grade II or grade III winners con- per starter that were 4 years old and up sisently had the highest starts per foal. has fallen a dramatic 50%. Also, the percentage of starters from These statistics were derived from foals has tracked upward since the ’70s. detailed worldwide race records sup- Overall, the starters from named foals plied by The Jockey Club Information increased to 78.6% for the 2000-03 Systems. The Blood-Horse compiled foals, up from 70.3% in the ’70s. Among the records for foals born in 1970-1979, the sires of all graded stakes winners, 1980-1989, 1990-1999, and 2000-2003. the percentage of starters from foals The records were aggregated by type rose from 73% in the ’70s to 82% for the of stallions and by decade. To be sure 2000-03 crops. the stallions represented had enough Determining what these numbers runners to provide meaningful statis- mean is the next step in the evolution of tics, the study only includes stallions this study. Is there a genetic component with a minimum of 40 named foals of to the decline, or is it caused by how race- racing age during each of the 10-year horses are managed today? The Blood- periods (with the obvious exception of Horse began the discussion by inviting the 2000-2003 group, which only covers Bar graph shows average starts per foal for sires that six industry participants for a round- four years). have sired graded stakes winners (blue line), sires that table discussion, which is excerpted on The next step was to identify a mean- have sired stakes winner (no GSWs; burgundy line), and page 3694. Additional comments will be ingful statistic that could be uniformly provided in a video presentation appear- sires that have sired no stakes winners (green line) applied to each decade and provide at ing on BloodHorse.com. b 3682 THE BLOOD-HORSE ■ JULY 26, 2008 BloodHorse.com SPECIAL REPORT Losing the Iron Horse? OVERVIEW STATISTICS BY DECADE N. Am. Foals No. of of Racing Age Decade Stallions (named) Starters % Strter (Fls) Starts/Foal Starts Starts/Starter Starters_2yo Starts_2yo 2yo Strts/Str 1970-1979 Stallions 1,753 156,986 110,416 70.3% 20.42 3,205,033 29.03 47,397 232,057 4.90 1980-1989 Stallions 2,834 310,571 233,152 75.1% 17.84 5,539,772 23.76 116,278 487,629 4.19 1990-1999 Stallions 2,016 244,810 189,669 77.5% 16.89 4,133,658 21.79 96,364 361,875 3.76 2000-2003 Stallions 925 100,350 78,914 78.6% 13.15 1,319,378 16.72 39,370 134,348 3.41 BY STAKES WINNERS No. of N. Am. Foals 1970-1979 Foal Crops Stallions of Racing Age (named) Starts Starts/Foal Strters (% Fls) Starts/Strter 2yo Starters 2yo Starts 2yo Strts/Str G1SW Sires 197 33,568 648,588 19.32 24,211 (72%) 26.79 11,069 50,918 4.60 G2 & G3 Sires 262 29,667 658,189 22.19 21,887 (74%) 30.07 10,141 50,779 5.01 All GSW Sires 459 63,235 1,306,777 20.67 46,098 (73%) 28.35 21,210 101,697 4.79 SW (no GSWs) 885 70,316 1,512,197 21.51 50,271 (72%) 30.08 21,680 108,706 5.01 Sires with no SWs 409 23,435 386,059 16.47 14,047 (60%) 27.48 4,507 21,654 4.80 No. of N. Am. Foals 1980-1989 Foal Crops Stallions of Racing Age (named) Starts Starts/Foal Strters (% Fls) Starts/Strter 2yo Starters 2yo Starts 2yo Strts/Str G1SW Sires 337 74,908 1,423,327 19.00 60,210 (80%) 23.64 30,494 120,664 3.96 G2 & G3 Sires 365 58,338 1,227,352 21.04 46,472 (80%) 26.41 24,619 108,240 4.40 All GSW Sires 702 133,246 2,650,679 19.89 106,682 (80%) 24.85 55,113 228,904 4.15 SW (no GSWs) 1,364 129,817 2,284,601 17.60 96,432 (74%) 23.69 48,443 206,832 4.27 Sires with no SWs 768 47,508 604,492 12.72 30,038 (63%) 20.12 12,722 51,893 4.08 No. of N. Am. Foals 1990-1999 Foal Crops Stallions of Racing Age (named) Starts Starts/Foal Strters (% Fls) Starts/Strter 2yo Starters 2yo Starts 2yo Strts/Str G1SW Sires 284 75,155 1,328,866 17.68 62,229 (83%) 21.35 33,235 118,722 3.57 G2 & G3 Sires 346 54,701 1,033,748 18.90 44,215 (81%) 23.38 23,471 92,832 3.96 All GSW Sires 630 129,856 2,362,614 18.19 106,444 (82%) 22.20 56,706 211,554 3.73 SW (no GSWs) 978 89,924 1,473,503 16.39 67,460 (75%) 21.84 33,309 127,477 3.83 Sires with no SWs 408 25,030 297,541 11.89 15,765 (63%) 18.87 6,349 22,844 3.60 No.