RESEARCH OVERVIEW 2015 - 2019 EDUCATE ENGAGE INNOVATE MISSION • Educate students • Generate new scientific knowledge • Engage communities VISION Leading Innovation through Science and Technology NRF- RATED SCIENTISTS

Prof. Suren Singh B3 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Prof. Krishna Bisetty C1 Department of Chemistry Prof. Nirmala Deenadayalu C1 Department of Chemistry Prof. Tukayi Kudanga C2 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Prof. Oluwatosin Ijabadeniyi C2 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Prof. Megandhren Govender C2 Department of Mathematics Prof. Kugenthiren Permaul C2 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Prof Carin Napier C2 Department of Food and Nutrition: Consumer Sciences Prof Krish Bharuth-Ram C2 Department of Physics Prof. Bharti Odhav C2 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Prof. Robert Gengan C3 Department of Chemistry Prof. Gyanasivan Redhi C3 Department of Chemistry Dr Katharigatta Venugopala C3 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Dr. Lawrence Madikizela C3 Department of Chemistry Prof. Eric Amonsou Y2 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Dr. Saheed Sabiu Y2 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Dr. Myalowenkosi Sabela Y2 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology

FULL PROFESSORS

Prof. Suren Singh Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Prof. Tukayi Kudanga Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Prof. Kugenthiren Permaul Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Prof. Bharti Odhav Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Prof. Krishna Bisetty Department of Chemistry Prof. Robert M. Gengan Department of Chemistry Prof. Nirmala Deenadayalu Department of Chemistry Prof. Deonarain Brijlall Department of Mathematics Prof. Megandhren Govender Department of Mathematics

ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS

Prof. Oluwatosin Ijabadeniyi Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology Prof. Eric Amonsou Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology Prof. Feroz Mahomed Swalaha Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology Prof. John Mellem Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology Prof. Carin Napier Department of Food & Nutrition: Consumer Sciences Prof. Gyanasivan G. Redhi Department of Chemistry Prof Phumlane Mdluli Department of Chemistry Prof Sanja Bauk Department of Maritime Studies Prof. Darren Lortan Department of Mathematics Prof. David Day Department of Mathematics Prof. Ian J. Lazarus Department of Physics Prof. Cindy Pienaar Department of Sports Studies Prof. Glenda Matthews Department of Statistics CONTENTS

Executive Dean’s Foreword 7 Message from DVC: RIE 8 Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology 10 Department of Chemistry 50 Department of Food & Nutrition 78 Department of Horticulture 86 Department of Maritime Studies 95 Department of Mathematics 100 Department of Physics 111 Department of Sports Studies 120 Department of Statistics 127 Faculty Research Statistics 131 Research Day Highlights 136

EXECUTIVE DEAN’S FOREWORD

Take a moment to stop and think about where mankind would be today if Newton never asked the question. Following Bernard Baruch's contemplation, "Millions saw the apple fall but Newton was the only one who asked why". This here changed our rational view of the world and the face of science forever. His discoveries earned him the title of supreme genius and the most enigmatic character in the history of science. In the same light, it is rewarding to steer a thriving faculty that comprises many curious researchers who are just as willing to contribute to the future of science.

In pursuit of academic and research excellence, the faculty spans the knowledge spectrum from conventional academic fields to rapidly evolving fields of study. With 10 successful academic departments offering locally and globally relevant programmes, we are home to 3000 undergraduate and 150 postgraduate students. The faculty offers a wide range of specialized degrees and prides itself on being a multi-racial and culturally diverse environment for learning; grounded in the values of transparency, honesty, respect, integrity, and accountability.

The faculty places students in the front line of science with exposure to state-of-the-art facilities to promote individual and group work. We embrace innovation and encourage entrepreneurial thinking. We strive to undertake quality, collaborative, inter-disciplinary, and intra-disciplinary research which results in internationally recognized degrees. With a complement of 81 dedicated academic staff, of which, 56% have a doctoral degree, and a further 15% due to complete their doctorates by 2022, the faculty is without a doubt, equipped to prepare our student community for various science-related career opportunities.

Over the years, the faculty has cultivated a distinctive and highly impressive research component with continuous exponential growth. The research has propelled towards the social and economic development of South Africa in line with the National Development Plan 2030. The faculty strives to ensure that students understand the role of global education and assists students in maximizing their intellectual potential. To this end we have ensured student and staff mobility internationally as a result of several established and funded collaborations with lead institutions that has also served as an enabler to technology transfer.

The launch of this bulletin signifies a faculty footprint and speaks volumes about who we are and how best we can foster greater interaction within and outside our faculty. Our strength in attracting competitive external grants, high-quality research outputs in high impact factor journals, funded international collaborations, innovations in multiple BRICS partnerships and a strong cadre of nine Full - Professors, 13 Associate Professors, 17 NRF rated scientists, are but a few hallmarks of our success. We will continue to focus research on bringing competitive knowledge to the academic realm, industry and society.

The faculty and the university will remain eternally grateful for the funding received from our external agencies viz., NRF, TIA, DST, SASOL, EDTEA, and MKI. This and the funding received from DUT will also continue to assist us in ensuring that our researchers make significant and sustained contributions.

Prof. Suren Singh PhD (Microbiology)

7 MESSAGE FROM THE DEPUTY VICE-CHANCELLOR: RESEARCH, INNOVATION & ENGAGEMENT

Prof. Sibusiso Moyo

I am delighted to make a few remarks on the excellent research performance for the Applied Sciences Faculty over the period 2015-2019. Firstly, I congratulate the Faculty leadership led by the Executive Dean, Prof Suren Singh and his leadership team. Creating an enabling research and innovation culture and environment does not happen overnight. Over this period the University invested strategically on identified research focus areas which have preference in terms of funding for both their research and research students. We will need to continue applying for grants and leveraging resources to ensure the research and innovation capacity of the University and Faculty continues to grow.

Creating sustainable research teams lies at the core of sustainability, and without this, as has been seen in reduced funding even from external funders, our research can begin to diminish both in volume and value. Hence with my message, I would like to then focus of where to from here. The Faculty over this period (2015-2019) produced over 10 authors who had achieved a Field Weighted Impact (FWCI) of 1 and above. Note that a FWCI of 1 implies that the output is more cited than the expected global average of 1. In alignment with ENVISION2030’s perspective on Society where we measure impact, this measure is useful for us as a University to have a better perspective of what is happening across fields. Literatures shows that research areas such as medicine, biochemistry, for instance produce more outputs in large teams with long reference lists when compared to mathematics and education. So, if one only calculates citations that are not weighted, biochemistry and medicine will appear to dominate other fields where the culture is not the same. The FWCI accounts for these differences and levels the playing field. Having said this, in terms of Applied Sciences, Scival data shows that for this period Physics and Astronomy (8.1%) ranked highest followed by Medicine (6.4%), Chemistry (5.7%), Environmental Science (5.7%), Biochemistry, Genetics and MolecularBiology(4.7%), Mathematics (3.9%), Agricultural and Biological Sciences (3.8%), Immunology and Microbiology (2.3%) and Energy (5.2%) (see scival.com). Some of the research is inter-disciplinary and may very well be represented in other disciplines. It is important for us to keep an eye on this indicator because it plays a big role in showing how much of the outputs we produce are useable and what impact these have. They also play a big role in University rankings as Universities are ranked based on their research productivity and impact. Other indicators where the Faculty has done well include increasing numbers of NRF Rated Researchers, Full & Associate Professors and must be affirmed for that. Our focus beyond 2020 is increasing our postgraduate pools of students and emerging researchers that would be mentored to become the next generation of researchers. Parallel to this is the need to commercialize our research and innovations. This is how we will be known as one of the most entrepreneurial and innovative Universities. Quality research plays a significant role in ensuring we have high impact products and services that can be commercialized.

In ending, congratulations once again and let’s keep on with the excellent work with a focus as well on creating a potential pool of researchers that can add value to the work that is happening already and ensuring we enhance the capabilities of our research and innovation system while ensuring it is inclusive and considers gender representation as well.

8

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY

Research Focus Areas Enzyme Technology 11 Plant Biotechnology 24 Food and Nutrition Security 33 Water and Wastewater Technology 41

10 RESEARCH FOCUS AREA ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

The Enzyme Technology Research group at DUT, under the leadership of Prof. Suren Singh, Prof. Kugen Permaul and Prof. Tukayi Kudanga conducts research on the discovery, improvement, production and application of microbial enzymes. Many industries are moving towards greener processes based on the catalytic power of enzymes, by substituting the use of harsh chemicals with innocuous enzymes. Enzymes from microbial sources are generally preferred as their biochemical properties can be easily improved. Novel enzymes from various microorganisms isolated from extreme environments are able to function in the harsh environments that many industrial processes dictate. These enzymes have applications spanning agricultural, biomedical and industrial sectors. In addition to its expertise in screening, cloning and expression of enzymes and production by fermentative processes, the group is also researching the degradation of biological macromolecules to produce derivatives of industrial importance. Research in the area of Enzyme Technology is focused on the following areas:

• Investigation of the fundamental aspects associated with the production of fungal and bacterial enzymes, their characterisation and the modification of their characteristics to enhance industrial applications. • Investigation of the application of selected enzymes to produce various value-added products. Development of Thermomyces lanuginosus as high expression level enzyme factory using molecular • and bioinformatics methods and tools. • The use of laccasses in biocatalysis and modification of biomaterials. • The group currently comprises five investigators (three are NRF rated), two postdoctoral fellows, six doctoral students and 18 masters students. A long-term collaboration exists with TUST in China and the group is currently collaborating with groups in Brazil, Russia, India, USA, Germany and Austria. The group has previously had active collaborations with investigators from Sweden, Malaysia and Slovakia.

11 LEAD RESEARCHERS

CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF ENZYMES Prof. Kugen Permaul

NRF Rating C2

h-index (scopus) 21

Masters students (current) 6

Doctoral students (current) 2

Masters students (completed) 22

Doctoral students (completed) 8

Postdocs (completed) 4

Collaborators 11

Publications 54

National Conferences 35

International Conferences 49

Prof. K. Permaul obtained his undergraduate and students and 22 masters students have been successfully postgraduate degrees from the University of KwaZulu- supervised and a further eight postgraduates are currently Natal. His early research projects focused on bacterial being supervised or co-supervised. Prof. Permaul is an molecular genetics, especially plasmid biology. He graduated NRF C-rated researcher who has published in high-impact with a PhD in 1999 and spent a year as a postdoctoral scientific journals and is involved in peer-review of research fellow before being employed as a lecturer at the Durban for several international journals, as well as for international University of Technology (DUT) in 2000. He has steadily and local academic institutions and the NRF. progressed up the academic ranks, culminating in the award of a full professorship. He was appointed as Head Prof. Permaul is the principal investigator of a multinational of the Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology research project, BRICS-BEST (Bioenergy from Eco- in 2014. Prof. Permaul’s research projects have involved: Sustainable Technology) involving all five BRICS countries detection and quantification of mycotoxins in food and including 37 researchers. Total funding from each of the commodities; production of potable water by ultrafiltration; countries national research funding bodies is approximately characterisation and production of , inulinase and R14 million. The full title of the project is ‘BRICS technology enzymes; directed evolution and expression of a platform for integrated bioprocessing of agricultural residues enzyme and genomic sequencing of a thermophilic for eco-sustainable production of biofuels and by-products’ . Current research projects focus on expression of and the project entails the use of waste agricultural biomass xylanase, xylosidase, chitinase and other carbohydrase for the production of fuels and biochemicals. and the use of as a bioresource. Eight doctoral National Collaborations

Dr R. Govinden, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Prof. B. Sithole, Dr P. Lekha and Dr J. Andrew, CSIR.

International Collaborations

Prof. E. Nordberg-Karlsson, University of Lund, Sweden; Prof. L. Tong, Columbia University, USA; Prof. Z-X. Wang, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, China; Dr C.R. Soccol, University of Parana, Brazil; Prof A.P. Sinitsyn, Moscow State University, Russia; Dr S.K. Yadav, CIAB, India.

12 ENZYME DISCOVERY AND APPLICATIONS Prof. Suren Singh

NRF Rating B3

h-index (scopus) 30

google scholar 33

web of science 26

Masters students (current) 2

Doctoral students (current) 3

Masters students (completed) 25

Doctoral students (completed) 12

Postdocs (completed) 14

Collaborators 7

Publications 100

National Conferences 51

International Conferences 52

Prof. Suren Singh joined the Department in September 1997 xylanase and other hemicellulases as well as their application as a Lecturer and then moved to Full Professor and HOD have been completed from several T. lanuginosus strains. from 2004 to 2014, before becoming the Executive Dean of Strain comparisons at production, and genetic levels have Applied Sciences in February 2014, a position he currently revealed good data. The use of classical mutagenesis to holds. improve both xylanase and accessory enzyme production Since 1998 Prof Singh has made notable accomplishments and and their characteristics as well as their assessment of their contributions on the production (shake - flask and fermentor), potential in the pulp and paper industry were evaluated. purification and characterisation of hemicellulases from a sequencing and secretome analysis of T. lanuginosus novel thermophilic fungus, T. lanuginosus SSBP. Production has provided greater insight into unravelling the unique of has been exhaustively covered in from shake properties of this novel fungus. flask to fermentor level. Purification and characterisation of

International Collaborations

China 2014 – 2017 Title: Prospecting filamentous fungi for thermostable lipases and studies of their enzymatic properties; Prof. Fuping Lu, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology. USA – commenced September 2016 Title: Protein crystallography and structural elucidation; Prof. L. Tong, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York. USA – commenced April 2016 Title: Metagenomics in relation to African population; Prof. K. Nelson; President, JCVI, USA.

13 BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOMATERIALS Prof. Tukayi Kudanga

NRF Rating C2

h-index (scopus) 19

Masters students (current) 5

Doctoral students (current) 1

Masters students (completed) 4

Doctoral students (completed) 3

Postdocs (completed) 1

Collaborators 6

Publications 49

National Conferences 10

International Conferences 9

Professor Kudanga joined the department in 2014 and is as well as modifying enzymes for relevant biotechnological a Full Professor. His areas of expertise include enzyme applications. He has won several academic and research biotechnology, biocatalysis and biomaterials. His current awards including the Council Award in recognition of NRF research focuses mainly on enzymatic synthesis of bioactive rating (DUT and CPUT), Departmental Researcher of the compounds, enzymatic modification of food biopolymers, year 2018 (DUT), Vice Chancellor’s Prize at the National and development of green technologies for functionalisation University of Science and Technology (NUST), and NUST of lignocellulose materials. He is also interested in the Book Prize. Prof. Kudanga is also a member of several national search for novel biocatalysts, developing new applications and international scientific bodies.

National Collaborations

Dr Marilize Le Roes-Hill, Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Dr Maryna De Wit, University of the Free State; Dr Stephen Amoo, ARC; Dr Lester Davids, University of Cape Town. International Collaborations

Prof. Georg Guebitz, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria; Prof. Gibson Nyanhongo, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria; Dr Silvia Fademrecht, University of Stuttgart, Germany; Prof. Dr Juergen Pleiss, University of Stuttgart, Germany; Prof. Sergio Riva, Italian National Council of Research (C.N.R.), Italy; Prof. Tomasz Ciach, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland.

14 RESEARCHERS

Dr Santhosh Kumar Kuttan Pillai

h-index (scopus) 8

Masters students (current) 5

Doctoral students (current) 1

Masters students (completed) 4

Doctoral students (completed) 2

Postdocs (completed) 2

Collaborators 8

Publications 20

National Conferences 10

International Conferences 13

Dr Santhosh Pillai graduated with a DTech in Biotechnology animal feed) and exploring microbial enzyme systems from the Durban University of Technology in 2010. After for industrial applications (food, feed, detergent, pulp and completing his doctorate, he was employed as senior paper, pharmaceutical, bioremediation, etc.). His current research technician and part time lecturer at DUT and research focuses on exploring microbial and other has since steadily progressed up the ranks to become a full metabolites for food preservation as well as pharmaceutical time academic in 2014 and a senior lecturer in 2016. His applications. Dr Pillai has published in peer reviewed scientific areas of expertise are microbial enzymology, biocatalysis, journals and is a reviewer for several international journals as environmental microbiology, food microbiology and plant well as for academic institutions in South Africa and the NRF. pathology. His research area encompasses bioconversion of He is also successful in acquiring research funds from the biomass to bioenergy (bioethanol, biohydrogen, biobutanol) NRF and other funding agencies. and value-added products (oligosaccharides, organic acids,

National Collaborations

Dr Abe Gerrano, Agricultural Research Council (VOPI); Dr Samuel Ayodele Iwarere, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Mr Neo Moloi, Sawubona Mycelium; Ms Elaine Ram, Technology Innovation Agency (TIA). International Collaborations

Dr Peter Biely and Dr Vladimir Puchart, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia; Prof. Ashok Pandey, CSIR-Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, India; Dr Koel Mukherjee, Birla Institute of Technology, India

15 Dr Nokuthula Peace Mchunu

h-index 2

Masters students (current) 4

Doctoral students (current) 3

Collaborators 3

Dr Nokuthula Mchunu’s research focuses on cloning industrial interest and have considerable importance in the and expression of thermostable Glycosyl Hydrolases biotechnology industry due to their robustness and suitability (endoglucanases, glucosidases, xylanases and xylosidases) to harsh processing conditions. Dr Mchunu is currently and their applications and is part of the Enzyme Technology involved in the supervision of four masters students and Research group led by Prof. Singh and Prof. Permaul. co-supervising three doctoral students. Dr Mchunu has also Thermostable carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) recently spent time in China (Tianjin University of Science such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs), (hydrolyse the glyosidic and Technology and Fuzhou University of Science and bonds between two or more sugars or a sugar and a Technology) and Sweden (Lund University). non-sugar molecule within carbohydrates) are of special

Dr Adarsh Puri

h-index (scopus) 4

Masters students (current) 2

Doctoral students (current) 1

Masters students (completed) 3

Doctoral students (completed) 0

Postdocs (completed) 2

Collaborators ---

Publications 13

National Conferences 12

International Conferences 7

Dr Puri joined the Department of Biotechnology and sequestration and biocontrol of insect pests of KwaZulu- Food Technology as a postdoctoral fellow in the Enzyme Natal. More recently, he initiated research projects on Technology Research group during April 2013. His area nanobiotechnology and enhanced production of biofuels of expertise includes Enzyme Technology, Environmental using microbial thermostable enzymes. In addition, Dr Puri Biotechnology, Fermentation and Microbiology. His research is an indispensable member of key national (Agricultural projects have been focused on the production, purification Research Council, Technology Innovation Agency) and and characterisation of novel thermostable enzymes for international projects (BRICS, National Research Foundation enhanced bioethanol production, plant-growth-promotion, SA-China). global warming mitigation using biomimetic carbon

16 Dr Algasan Govender Dr Algasan Govender’s research is currently focused on the isolation and characterisation of novel fungal catabolic enzymes for the production and generation of bioactive compounds. These enzymes include xylosidases, , and N-acetylglucosidases. His research also focuses on the engineering of metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli for the synthesis of precursors required for the generation of industrially relevant compounds. Currently a significant amount of emphasis has h-index (scopus) 8 been given towards the production of biodegradable plastics from crustacean and fungal biomass.

HONORARY RESEARCH PROFESSORS

Dr Karen E. Nelson NRF Rating --- h-index (scopus, google scholar, web of 79 science) Masters students (current) 0

Doctoral students (current) 3

Masters students (completed) 2

Doctoral students (completed) 4

Postdocs (completed) 4

Collaborators ---

Publications 247

National Conferences 30

International Conferences 50

Karen E. Nelson, Ph.D. is the President of the J. Craig Venter Indian National Academy of Sciences in 2018; and being Institute (JCVI). Prior to being appointed President, she appointed an Honorary Professor at the University of held a number of other positions at the Institute, including the West Indies as well as a Helmholtz International Fellow. Director of JCVI's Rockville Campus, Dr. Nelson has extensive experience in microbial ecology, and Director of Human Microbiology and Metagenomics in microbial genomics, microbial physiology and metagenomics. the Department of Human Genomic Medicine at JCVI. Dr. Dr. Nelson has led several genomic and metagenomic Nelson received her undergraduate degree from the efforts, and led the first human metagenomics study that was University of the West Indies, and her Ph.D. from Cornell published in 2006. Additional ongoing studies in her group University. She has authored or co-authored over 200 peer include metagenomic approaches to study the ecology of the reviewed publications, edited three books, and is currently gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, studies on the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Microbial Ecology. Dr. Nelson is relationship between the microbiome and various human an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences. and animal disease conditions, reference genome Other honors include being named sequencing and analysis primarily for the human body, and ARCS Scientist of the Year 2017; a Fellow of the American other -omics studies. Academy of Microbiology; being inducted into the 17 Prof. Liang Tong NRF Rating --- h-index (scopus, google scholar, web of 81 science) Masters students (current) ---

Doctoral students (current) 2

Masters students (completed) ---

Doctoral students (completed) 17

Postdocs (completed) 26

Collaborators ---

Publications 300

National Conferences ---

International Conferences ---

Liang Tong is currently the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor in fundamental contributions to understanding the molecular the Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, mechanisms of many biological processes, especially New York. He received his B.Sc. from Peking University, metabolic enzymes and proteins involved in RNA processing. Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley, and was a post- Most recently, his lab determined the structure by cryo-EM doctoral fellow at Purdue University. He joined Boehringer of an active, reconstituted human histone pre-mRNA 3’-end Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, in 1992, processing machinery, revealing its molecular mechanism. where he established the first protein crystallography/ This is the first structure of an active pre-mRNA 3’-end structure-based drug design laboratory in the company. He processing machinery. He has many papers in journals of the moved to Columbia in 1997, served as Department Chair highest impact (Nature, Science and Cell). He was elected a from 2013 to 2019, and established a vigorous research fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of program in structural biology, using both crystallography Science in 2009. and cryo electron microscopy techniques. He has made

I I

11111

I i I

18 Prof. Ashok Pandey

NRF Rating --- h-index (scopus) 74

google scholar 103

web of science 47

Masters students (current) ---

Doctoral students (current) 2

Masters students (completed) 36

Doctoral students (completed) 19

Postdocs (completed) 7

Collaborators 100 Publications >800

Papers 580

Books 87 Book Chapters 175

National Conferences 91 International Conferences 404

Professor Ashok Pandey is currently Distinguished Scientist chapters with an h index of 103 and more than 47,000 citations at the Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, (Google scholar). He has transferred several technologies to CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, industries and has done industrial consultancy for about a India and Executive Director (Honorary) at the Centre for dozen projects for Indian/international industries.Professor Energy and Environmental Sustainability – India. Formerly, Pandey is the recipient of many national and international he was Eminent Scientist at the Center of Innovative and awards and honours. Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali and Chief Scientist & Head Professor Pandey is Founder President of the Biotech of Biotechnology Division and Centre for Biofuels at Research Society, Founder & International Coordinator of CSIR’s National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and International Forum on Industrial Bioprocesses, Chairman Technology, Trivandrum. His major research and technological of the International Society for Energy, Environment & development interests are industrial and environmental Sustainability, Editor-in-chief of Bioresource Technology, biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass Honorary Executive Advisor of Journal of Energy and to biofuels and chemicals, waste to wealth and energy, Environmental Sustainability, Journal of Systems Microbiology industrial enzymes, to name a few. and Biomanufacturing, Journal of Environmental Sciences Professor Pandey is Adjunct/Visiting Professor/Scientist in and Engineering, Subject Editor, Proceedings of National universities in France, Brazil, Canada, China, Korea, South Academy of Sciences, India and Associate Editor of Biologia Africa, and Switzerland and also in several universities in – Section Cellular and Molecular Biology and editorial board India. He has over 1400 publications/communications, which member of several international and Indian journals. include 16 patents, 87 books, over 700 papers and book

19 ENZYME TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH OUTPUTS NATIONAL CONFERENCES 2018

1. Arumugam, N., Puchart, V., Biely, P., Singh, S. and Pillai, S. Valorisation of peanut shells for the production of xylooligosaccharides by Thermomyces lanuginosus (GH11) xylanase. South African Society for Microbiology (SASM) Conference, Misty Hills Hotel, Johannesburg,7-9 April 2018. 2. Ranjan, B., Pillai, S., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Potential use of immobilised cyanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus in the bioremediation of wastewater. South African Society for Microbiology (SASM) Conference, Misty Hills Hotel, Johannesburg, 7-9 April 2018. 3. Okuofu, S.I., Singh, S. and Pillai, S. Optimisation of a microwave-assisted dilute acid pretreatment of cowpea residue for fermentable sugar production. South African Society for Microbiology (SASM) Conference, Misty Hills Hotel, Johannesburg, 7-9 April 2018. 4. Amobonye, A.E., Singh, S. and Pillai, S. Production of Glutaminase by niger. South African Society for Microbiology (SASM) Conference, Misty Hills Hotel, Johannesburg, 7-9 April 2018. 5. Yadav, D., Ranjan, B., Mchunu, N., Le Roes-Hill, M. and Kudanga, T. Secretory expression of SLAC from the Streptomyces coelicolor in Pichia pastoris, its characterisation and application in dye decolourisation. South African Society for Microbiology International Conference, Johannesburg, 4-7 April 2018. 6. Aruwa, C.E., Amoo, S. and Kudanga, T. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of extractable and macromolecular antioxidant extracts of Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes. South African Society for Microbiology International Conference, Johannesburg, 4-7 April 2018. 7. Mabotja, M.B., Amoo, S.O., Venter, S., Du Plooy, C.P. and Kudanga, T. Evaluation of phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Opuntia ficus-indica. South African Association of Botanist Conference, Pretoria, 9 – 12 January 2018. 8. Mabotja, M.B., Amoo, S.O., Venter, S., Du Plooy, C.P. and Kudanga, T. Nutritional value and bioactive property of spineless cactus pear. African Combined Congress, Cape Town, 14 – 18 January 2018. 2017

9. Mabotja, M.B., Amoo, S.O. and Kudanga, T. Phytochemical and medicinal characterisation of spineless cactus pear cultivars. Indigenous Plant Use Forum Conference, Pretoria, 9 – 12 July 2017. 10. Seke, F., Amonsou, E.O., Venter, S. and Kudanga, T. The effect of laccase and xanthan gum on the properties of gluten-free amadumbe bread. South African Association for Food Science & Technology (SAAFoST), Cape Town, 3-6 September 2017. 11. Manhivi, V.E., Venter, S., Amonsou, E.O. and Kudanga, T. Amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and cactus (Opuntia spp) mucilages as potential hydrocolloids for gluten-free dough systems. South African Association for Food Science & Technology (SAAFoST), Cape Town, 3-6 September 2017. 2016

12. Nekhumbe, D., Ranjan, B., Kumar, S. and Singh, S. Comparative study of cyanate hydratase production by different strains of thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. 19th Biennial Conference South African Society for Microbiology (SASM), Coastlands Umhlanga Convention Centre, Durban, South Africa, 17-20 January 2016. 13. Puri, A.K., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Novel applications of thermostable and chitinases from Thermomyces lanuginosus. Abstract proceedings, 27th Annual SASM-KZN Symposium, 17-20 January 2016; 19th Biennial Conference South African Society for Microbiology (SASM), Coastlands Umhlanga Convention Centre, Durban, South Africa, 17-20 January 2016. 14. Chanderman, A., Puri, A.K., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Production, purification and characterisation of phytase from Enterobacter sp. ACSS. 19th Biennial Conference South African Society for Microbiology (SASM), Coastlands Umhlanga Convention Centre, Durban, South Africa, 17-20 January 2016. 15. Zininga, J., Puri, A.K., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Screening and production of a thermo and acid stable phytase producer. 19th Biennial Conference South African Society of Microbiology (SASM), Coastlands Umhlanga Convention Centre, Durban, South Africa, 17-20 January 2016. 16. Makolomakwa, M., Puri, A.K., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Batch and fed-batch production of phytase from Thermomyces lanuginosus. 19th Biennial Conference South African Society for Microbiology (SASM), Coastlands Umhlanga Convention Centre, Durban, South Africa, 17-20 January 2016. 17. Ranjan, B., Kumar, S., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Cloning, expression and characterisation of cyanate hydratase from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP. 19th Biennial Conference South African Society for Microbiology (SASM), Coastlands Umhlanga Convention Centre, Durban, South Africa, 17-20 January 2016. 18. Arumugam, N., Kumar, S., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Exploring lignocellulosic biomass of South African crops for xylooligosaccharide production. 19th Biennial Conference South African Society of Microbiology (SASM), Coastlands Umhlanga Convention Centre, Durban, South Africa, 17-20 January 2016. 19. Roy, J.K., Mukherjee, A.K. and Singh, S. Efficient extracellular expression of ¶¡-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis AS08E in Escherichia coli using Bacillus signal peptides. 19th Biennial Conference South African Society of Microbiology (SASM), Coastlands Umhlanga Convention Centre, Durban, South Africa, 17-20 January 2016. 20. Le Roes-Hill, M., Durrell, K.A., Kudanga, T. and Prins, A. Bioactive compound discovery from actinobacteria in the genomics era. South African Society for Microbiology Congress, Coastlands, Umhlanga, Durban, 17-20 January 2016. 21. Thabi, M.M., Marnewick, J., Kudanga, T. and Le Roes-Hill, M. Oxidation of phenolic compounds from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis): improving antioxidant potential. South African Society for Microbiology Congress, Coastlands, Umhlanga, Durban, 17-20 January 2016. 22. Visser, R., Le Roes-Hill, M. and Kudanga, T. Marine actinomycetes as a source of novel antimicrobial agents. South African Society for Microbiology Congress, Coastlands, Umhlanga, Durban, 17-20 January 2016. 23. Weels, S., Kudanga, T., Le Roes-Hill, M. and Welz, P.J. Determining antimicrobial properties of phenolics detected in peat samples. South African Society for Microbiology Congress, Coastlands, Umhlanga, Durban, 17-20 January 2016. 24. Seke, F., Amonsou, E.O., Venter, S. and Kudanga, T. The effect of laccase and xanthan gum on the properties of gluten-free amadumbe bread. 9th International South African Technology Network Conference, Cape Town, 2016.

20 2015

25. Puri, A.K., Makolomakwa, M., Chanderman, A., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Applications of thermostable phytases in enzymatic catalysis of phytate. Catalysis Society of South Africa (CATSA) Conference, Cape Town, 15-18 November 2015. 26. Ranjan, B., Kumar, S., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Amelioration of toxic soil contaminants using cyanate hydratase from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. Catalysis Society of South Africa (CATSA) Conference, Cape Town, 15-18 November 2015.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Pillai S., Arumugam, N., Okuofu, S. and Singh, S. Untapped agricultural biomass into a value-added product- An enzymatic approach. 14th World Bioenergy Congress and Expo. Heathrow, London. 6-7 June 2019. 2. Permaul, K. -Degrading and -Utilising Enzymes in the Thermophilic Fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. International Conference on New Horizons in Biotechnology (NHBT-2019), Thiruvananthapuram, India, 20-24 November 2019. 2018

3. Ranjan, B., Pillai, S., Permaul, K., Tong, L. and Singh, S. Synthesis and characterisation of nanobiocomposites for bioremediation of hazardous wastes. International Conference on Composites, Biocomposites and Nanocomposites, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 7-9 November 2018. 4. Ranjan, B., Pillai, S., Permaul, K., Tong, L. and Singh, S. Exploiting the untapped potential of a fungal cyanase in bioremediation. SIMB Annual Meeting, Chicago, USA, 12-16 August 2018. 5. Ranjan, B., Pillai, S., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Integrative enzymatic bioremediation approaches for environmental sustainability. International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Challenges (SEEC 2018), IIS, Bangalore, 31 Dec- 03 Jan 2018. 6. Kudanga, T., Yadav, D., Nemadziva, B., Mchunu, N.P. and Le Roes-Hill, M. Small laccase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): Secretory expression and application for the synthesis of antioxidants. 9th International Congress on Biocatalysis, Hamburg, Germany, 26–30 August 2018. 7. Le Roes-Hill, M. Durrell, K., Prins, A., Kirby-McCullough, B.M., Musengi, A. and Kudanga, T. Actinobacterial : A treasure trove of oxidative enzymes. 9th International Congress on Biocatalysis, Hamburg, Germany, 26–30 August 2018. 2017

8. Arumugam, N., Puchart, V., Biely, P., Singh, S and Pillai, S. Structural elucidation of xylan and xylooligosaccharides from selected underutilised African crops. Biotech France 2017 Conference and Exhibition, Paris, France, 28-30 June 2017. 9. Kudanga, T., Nwonu, V.E., Greimel, K.J., Nyanhongo, G.S. and Guebitz, G.M. Enzymatic approaches for the functionalisation of lignocellulose materials. Plenary speaker, International Symposium on Biomaterials and Biosensors (BIOMATSEN), Fethiye, Turkey, 22-26 April 2017. 2016

10. Chanderman, A., Puri, A.K., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Phytase from Enterobacter sp. ACSS: production, characteristics and applications. Bioprocessing India Conference, Mohali, India, 15-17 December 2016. 11. Ranjan, B., Puri, A.K., Tong, L., Permaul, K., Pillai, S.K. and Singh, S. Crystallisation and application of a novel cyanate hydratase for cyanate remediation. International Conference on Strategies for Environmental Protection and Management, New Delhi, India, 11-13 December 2016. 12. Arumugam, N., Puri, A.K., Permaul, K., Pillai, S.K. and Singh, S. Agricultural waste as potential biomass for xylooligosaccharide production. International Conference on Current Trends in Biotechnology, Vellore, India, 8-10 December 2016. 13. Ranjan, B., Kumar, S., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. A novel recombinant cyanate hydratase (rTl-Cyn) from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus for plant growth promotion. SIMB Annual Meeting and Exhibition, New Orleans, USA, 24-28 July 2016. 14. Kumar, S., Arumugam, N., Gerrano, A. and Singh, S. Xylooligosaccharides: An emerging dietary fibre for food-based applications. Abstract accepted for oral presentation, 18th World Congress of Food Science and Technology, IUFoST 2016, Royal Dublin Society, Ballsbridge, Dublin, Ireland, 21-25 August 2016. 15. Kudanga, T., Mthembu, S.M., Mellem, J.J. and Amonsou, E.O. Chemo-enzymatic modification of bambara and cowpea proteins for improved hydrogel properties. 18th World Congress of Food Science and Technology, IUFoST 2016, Royal Dublin Society, Ballsbridge, Dublin, Ireland, 21-25 August 2016. 16. Sipahli, S., Mohanlall, V. and Mellem, J. Stability and degradation kinetics of crude anthocyanin extracts from H. Sabdariffa. 18th World Congress of Food Science and Technology, IUFoST 2016, Royal Dublin Society, Ballsbridge, Dublin, Ireland, 21-25 August 2016. 2015

17. Singh, S., Puri, A.K., Mchunu, N.P., Winger, A. and Permaul, K. Unlocking the potential of a thermophilic fungus. Keynote, 2015 SIMB Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Philadalphia, USA, August 2-6 2015. 18. Kudanga, T., Nyanhongo, G. and Guebitz, G.M. Enzymatic surface functionalisation of lignocellulose materials for improving hygienic properties. Invited presentation, International Congress on Biomaterials and Biosensors (BIOMATSEN 2015), Fethiye-Mugla, Turkey, 16-19 April 2015. 19. Puri, A.K., Zininga, J., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. A thermo-acid-stable and protease-resistant phytase from a newly isolated thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus ginsengihumi. 5th Annual International Conference Advances in Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, 13-15 March 2015. 20. Singh, S., Puri, A., Mchunu, N., Kumar, S. and Permaul, K. Unravelling the sequence of a thermophilic fungus. International Conference on New Horizons in Biotechnology (NHBT-2015), Trivandrum, India, 22-25 November 2015. 21. Puri, A.K., Zininga, J., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. Immobilisation of phytase from Bacillus ginsengihumi on chitosan-alginate nanoparticles. Second International Conference on Composites, Biocomposites and Nanocomposites (ICCBN), Durban, 28-30 October 2015. 22. Singh, S., Puri, A.K., Mchunu, N.P., Winger, A. and Permaul, K. Unraveling the sequence of a thermophilic fungus. Plenary, International Conference on New Horizons in Biotechnology (NHBT-2015), Trivandrum, India, 22-25 November 2015. 23. Puri, A.K., Zininga, J., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. A thermo-acid-stable and protease-resistant phytase from a newly isolated thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus ginsengihumi. Proceedings: 172-177, International Conference on Advances in Biotechnology (BioTech), Singapore: Global Science and Technology Forum. 21 JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2019

1. Ranjan, B., Pillai, S., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. (2019). Simultaneous removal of heavy metals and cyanate in a wastewater sample using immobilized cyanate hydratase on magnetic-multiwall carbon nanotubes. Journal of Hazardous Materials 363: 73-80.

2. Zhang, M., Puri, A.K., Wang, Z., Singh, S. and Permaul, K. (2019). A unique xylose reductase from Thermomyces lanuginosus: Effect of lignocellulosic substrates and inhibitors and applicability in lignocellulosic bioconversion. Bioresource Technology 281: 374-381.

3. Okongo, R.N., Puri, A.K., Wang, Z., Singh, S. and Permaul, K. (2019). Comparative biocontrol ability of chitinases from bacteria and recombinant chitinases from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 127: 663-671

4. Arumugam, N., Biely, P., Puchart, V., Gerrano, A.S., Mukherjee, K.D., Singh, S. and Pillai, S. (2019). Xylan from bambara and cowpea biomass and their structural elucidation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 132: 987-993.

5. Zininga, J.T., Puri, A.K., Govender, A., Singh, S. and Permaul, K. (2019). Concomitant production of chitosan and lipids from a newly isolated Mucor circinelloides ZSKP for production. Bioresource Technology 272: 545-551.

6. Amobonye, A., Singh, S. and Pillai, S. (2019). Recent advances in microbial glutaminase production and applications - a concise review. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 39: 944-963.

7. Agunbiade, M.O., Sabiu, S., Van Heerden, E. and Pohl, C.H. (2019). In vivo toxicopathological evaluation of a purified bioflocculant produced byArthrobacter humicola. Pharmacognosy Journal 3(11): 486-492. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2019.11.x

8. Sabiu, S., Madende, M., Ajao, A.A., Ogundeji, O.A., Lekena, N. and Alayande, K.A. (2019). The scope of phytotherapy in southern African antidiabetic healthcare. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 74(1): 1-18. DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2019.1575927

9. Aladodo, R.A., Sabiu, S. and Sulyman, A.O. (2019). Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels (Combretaceae) aqueous stem bark extract extenuates oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat. Pharmacognosy Journal, 11 (1): 183-190

10. Balogun, F.O., Ashafa, A.O.T., Sabiu, S., Ajao, A.A., Perumal, C.P., Kazeem, M.I. and Adedeji, A.A. (2019). Pharmacognosy: Importance and drawbacks. Editor: Shagufta P. and Areej A. InTech, London. ISBN: 978-953-51-7755-5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82396.

11. Sabiu, S., Madende, M., Ajao, A.A., Aladodo, R.A., Nurain, I.O. and Ahmad, J.B. (2019). Bioactive food as dietary interventions for diabetes: The genus Allium (Amaryllidaceae: Alloideae): Features, phytoconstituents, and mechanisms of antidiabetic potential of Allium cepa and Allium sativum. Pp 137-154. Editor: Watson RR and Preedy VR. Academic Press, Elsevier, London. ISBN: 978-0-12-813822-9

12. Aruwa, C. E., Amoo, S. O., Kudanga, T. (2019). Phenolic compound profile and biological activities of Southern African Opuntia ficus-indica fruit pulp and peels. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 111, 337-344.

13. Aruwa, C. E., Amoo, S. O., Kudanga, T. (2019). Extractable and macromolecular antioxidants of Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes: Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. South African Journal of Botany 125: 402–410. 2018

14. Arumugam, N., Biely, P., Puchart, V., Singh, S. and Pillai, S. (2018). Structure of peanut shell xylan and its conversion to oligosaccharides. Process Biochemistry 72: 124-129.

15. Ranjan, B., Pillai, S., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. (2018). A novel strategy for the efficient removal of toxic cyanate by the combinatorial use of recombinant enzymes immobilised on aminosilane modified magnetic nanoparticles. Bioresource Technology 253: 105 -111.

16. Raghunandan, K., Kumar, A., Pillai, S., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. (2018). Production of gellan gum, an exopolysaccharide, from biodiesel-derived waste glycerol by Sphingomonas spp. 3 Biotech 8: 71.

17. Nemadziva, B., Le Roes-Hill, M., Koorbanally, N. and Kudanga, T. (2018). Small laccase-catalyzed synthesis of a caffeic acid dimer with high antioxidant capacity. Process Biochemistry 69: 99-105.

18. Yadav, D., Ranjan, B., Mchunu, N., Le Roes-Hill, M. and Kudanga, T. (2018). Secretory expression of recombinant small laccase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) in Pichia pastoris. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 108: 642-649.

19. Manhivi, V.E., Amonsou E.O. and Kudanga, T. (2018). Laccase-mediated crosslinking of gluten-free amadumbe flour improves rheological properties. Food Chemistry 264: 157-163.

20. Manhivi, V.E., Venter, S., Amonsou E.O. and Kudanga, T. (2018). Composition, thermal and rheological properties of polysaccharides from amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and cactus (Opuntia spp). Carbohydrate Polymers 195: 163-169.

21. Aruwa, C.E., Amoo, S.O. and Kudanga, T. (2018). Opuntia (Cactaceae) plant compounds, biological activities and prospects – A comprehensive review. Food Research International 112: 328-344.

22. Mabotja, M.B., Amoo, S.O., Venter, S., Du Plooy, C.P. and Kudanga, T. (2018). Evaluation of phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Opuntia ficus-indica. South African Journal of Botany 115: 293-293. 2017

23. Ranjan, B., Pillai, S., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. (2017). Expression of a novel recombinant cyanate hydratase (rTl-Cyn) in Pichia pastoris, characteristics and applicability in the detoxification of cyanate. Bioresource Technology 238: 582–588.

24. Reddy, K., Nasr, M., Kumari, S., Kumar, S., Gupta, S.K., Enitan, A. and Bux, F. (2017). Biohydrogen production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate: Effects of pH, S/X, Fe2+ and magnetite nanoparticles. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24: 8790-8804.

25. Kumari, S., Nasr, M. and Kumar, S. (2017). Technological advances in biohydrogen production from microalgae. In: Algal Biofuels, Recent Advances and Future Prospects, S.K Gupta (ed.), Springer, pp: 347-360.

26. Greimel, K.J., Kudanga, T., Nousiainen, P., Sipilä, J., Herrero Acero, E., Nyanhongo, G.S. and Guebitz, G.M. (2017). Two distinct enzymatic approaches for coupling fatty acids onto lignocellulosic materials. Process Biochemistry 59: 111-115.

27. Kudanga, T., Nemadziva, B. and Le Roes-Hill, M. (2017). Laccase catalysis for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 101: 13-33.

22 2016

28. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S., Ma, Y. and Amonsou, E.O. (2016). Influence of high-pressure homogenisation on the physicochemical properties of bambara complexed with lysophosphatidylcholine. LWT-Food Science and Technology 74: 120-7.

29. Khan, F.I., Bisetty, K., Gu, K.R., Singh, S., Permaul, K., Hassan, M.I. and Wei, D.Q. (2016). Molecular dynamics simulation of chitinase I from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP to ensure optimal activity. Molecular Simulation 23: 1-11.

30. Biely, P., Singh, S. and Puchart, V. (2016). Towards enzymatic breakdown of complex plant xylan structures: state of the art. Biotechnology Advances 34: 1260-1274. 31. Adapa, L.M., Azimi, Y., Singh, S., Porcelli, D. and Thompson, I.P. (2016). Comparative study of chemical and physical methods for distinguishing between passive and metabolically active mechanisms of water contaminant removal by biofilms. Water Research 101: 574–581.

32. Oladunjoye, A.O., Singh, S. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2016). Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 on fresh-cut tomato using nisin in combinations with organic salts. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 47: 757–763.

33. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S., Venter, S.L. and Amonsou, E.O. (2016). Effect of lipid types on complexation and some physicochemical properties of bambara groundnut starch. Starch-Stärke 69: 1600158.

34. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S., Ma, Y. and Amonsou, E.O. (2016). Effect of high-pressure homogenisation on structural, thermal and rheological properties of bambara starch complexed with different fatty acids. RSC Advances 6: 80174-80180.

35. Tian, K., Niu, D., Liu, X., Prior, B.A., Zhou, L., Lu, F., Singh, S. and Wang, Z. (2016). Limitation of thiamine pyrophosphate supply to growing Escherichia coli switches metabolism to efficient d-lactate formation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 113: 182-188.

36. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S. and Amonsou, E.O. (2016). Physicochemical properties of extracted from bambara groundnut landraces. Starch-Stärke 69: 1600089.

37. Gramany, V., Khan, F.I., Govender, A., Bisetty, K., Singh S. and Permaul, K. (2016). Cloning, expression and molecular dynamics simulations of a xylosidase obtained from Thermomyces lanuginosus. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 34: 1681-1692.

38. Kumar, A., Chanderman, A., Makolomakwa, M., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. (2016). Microbial production of phytases for combating environmental phosphate pollution and other diverse applications. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 46: 556-591.

39. Khan, F.I., Bisetty, K., Gu, K.R., Singh, S., Permaul, K., Imtaiyaz Hassan, M.D. and Wei, D.Q. (2016). Molecular dynamics simulation of chitinase I from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP to ensure optimal activity. Molecular Simulation 43: 480-490.

40. Chanderman, A., Puri, A.K., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. (2016). Production, characteristics and applications of phytase from a rhizosphere isolated Enterobacter sp. ACSS. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 39: 1577-1587.

41. Kumar, S., Arumugam, N., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. (2016). Thermostable enzymes and their industrial applications. In: Microbial Biotechnology: An Industrial Approach, Prof. P. Shukla (ed.), Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press, pp: 115-162.

42. Kumari, S., Nasr, M. and Kumar, S. (2016). Technological advances and prospects of pilot scale biohydrogen production from microalgae. Algal Biofuels, Recent Advances and Future Prospects, Springer, pp: 347-360.

43. Guldhe, A., Singh, P., Kumari, S., Rawat, I., Permaul, K. and Bux, F. (2016). Biodiesel synthesis from microalgae using immobilised Aspergillus niger whole cell lipase biocatalyst. Renewable Energy 85: 1002-1010. 2015

44. Khan, F.I., Bisetty, K., Singh, S., Permaul, K. and Hassan, M.I. (2015). Chitinase from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP and its biotechnological applications. Extremophiles 19: 1055-1066.

45. Gramany, V., Khan, F.I., Govender, A., Bisetty, K., Singh, S. and Permaul, K. (2015). Cloning, expression, and molecular dynamics simulations of a xylosidase obtained from Thermomyces lanuginosus. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 34: 1681-1692.

46. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S., Adebola, P.O., Gerrano, A.S. and Amonsou, E.O. (2015). Physicochemical properties of starches with variable contents extracted from bambara groundnut genotypes. Carbohydrate polymers 133: 171-178.

47. Naidoo, K., Kumar, A., Sharma, V., Permaul, K. and Singh, S. (2015). Purification and characterisation of an endoinulinase from Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli KM 24 mutant. Food Technology and Biotechnology 53: 146-153.

48. Zhang, M., Puri, A.K., Govender, A., Wang, Z., Singh, S. and Permaul, K. (2015). The multi-chitinolytic enzyme system of the -dwelling thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. Process biochemistry 50: 237–244.

49. Khan, F.I., Govender, A., Permaul, K., Singh, S. and Bisetty, K. (2015). Thermostable chitinase II from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP: Cloning, structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Theoretical Biology 374: 107-114.

50. Zhang, M., Puri, A.K., Govender, A., Wang, Z., Singh, S. and Permaul, K. (2015). The multi chitinolytic enzyme system of the compost dwelling thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. Process Biochemistry 50: 237-244.

51. Guldhe, A., Singh, B., Mutanda, T., Permaul, K. and Bux, F. (2015). Advances in synthesis of biodiesel via enzyme catalysis: Novel and sustainable approaches. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 41: 1447-1464.

52. Guldhe, A., Singh, B., Rawat, I., Permaul, K. and Bux, F. (2015). Biocatalytic conversion of lipids from microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus to biodiesel using Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase. Fuel 147: 117-124.

53. Kumari, S., Singh, P., Gupta, S.K. and Kumar, S.K. (2015). Genetic engineering tools for enhancing lipid production in microalgae. In: Algae and Environmental Sustainability, B. Singh and K. Bauddh (eds.), Springer, pp: 119-127.

54. Moodley, T., Amonsou, E.O. and Kumar, S.K. (2015). Nutritional quality and acceptability of Buddleja saligna herbal tea. Journal of Food Science and Technology 52: 7519-7524.

55. Khan, N., Le Roes-Hill, M., Welz, P.J., Grandin, K.A., Kudanga, T., Van Dyk, J.S., Ohlhoff, C., Van Zyl, W.H. and Pletschke, B.I. (2015). Fruit waste streams in South Africa and their potential role in developing a bio-economy. South African Journal of Science 111: 1-11.

56. Prins, A., Kleinsmidt, L., Khan, N., Kirby, B., Kudanga, T., Vollmer, J., Pleiss, J., Burton, S. and Le Roes-Hill, M. (2015). The effect of mutations near the T1 copper site on the biochemical characteristics of the small laccase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Enzyme and Microbial Technology 68: 23-32.

23 RESEARCH FOCUS AREA PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

The concept of growing crops for health rather than for food or fibre is slowly changing plant biotechnology and medicine. Plant phytochemicals provide us with thousands of novel compounds that provide medicines, fragrances, flavourings, dyes, fibre, foods, beverages, building materials, heavy metal chelators important in bioremediation, biocides, and plant growth regulators. Traditional knowledge from parts of Africa indicates that some of these are used for diverse activities such as making beer, wine, composting and controlling parasites, to name a few.

Plant biotechnology is a platform through which we aim to identify candidate plants and plant products from the range of local wild vegetables which are currently under cultivation or growing in the wild in areas of KwaZulu-Natal. Emphasis is on finding properties from local plants that will increase the commercialisation potential of local plants, which in turn would lead to agronomy development. Furthermore, through micro-propagation and bio-manipulation of the candidate plants the biotechnological potential will be exploited, which will lend the plant or product to be marketed on a large scale.

Currently, the group is investigating plants for:

• Nutritional value which can improve the nutritional status of our people • Bioactive compounds that can be used as pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals • Phytochemicals for therapeutic uses • Value addition by producing novel food commodities

Thus far, we have established a reference laboratory for the nutritional/anti-nutritional evaluation of local plants; established standardised assays for plant compound evaluation and chemical characterisation; and established plant tissue micro-propagation techniques. Studies undertaken by the research group over the years have initiated a knowledge bank regarding the nutritional composition (carbohydrate, proteins, vitamins, mineral contents) of many locally grown leafy vegetables. Research has also been directed wherein some of these field plants have been used to produce novel commodities. Some plants have been shown to produce unique phytochemicals with unique biological properties such as anti-microbial, anti-septic and anti-cancer properties.

The best prospect for market development of indigenously produced foods lies in the value-added products and the export markets. In both cases, this research is a crucial and necessary step for the development of a knowledge base to support these new market developments. This research can make a significant contribution to the development of transforming wild vegetables into highly successful commercial farming products. This will have a huge impact in that it will create entrepreneurial opportunities and also empower the local agronomy and marketing community.

24 LEAD RESEARCHERS Dr Viresh Mohanlall

h-index (scopus) 8

Masters students (current) 2

Doctoral students (current) 1

Masters students (completed) 6

Doctoral students (completed) 1

Publications 29

National Conferences 12

International Conferences ---

Dr Mohanlall joined the Department in 1996 and activity of plant metabolites that are known for important is a Senior Lecturer. His areas of expertise include pharmacological properties. His current research focuses biochemistry, phytochemistry, indigenous plant knowledge, on synthesis and structural elucidation of novel synthetic nanotechnology, drug development and discovery and coumarin scaffolds for their potential pharmacological analytical chemistry. New lead compounds isolated from properties. Several projects have been conducted by B.Tech, natural plant species will be synthesised and modified to MAppSc, PhD and Postdoctoral students which include the improve its biological activity. Current research in the structural elucidation of the novel secondary metabolites such field of synthetic chemistry includes the development of as alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, glycosylates, terpenoids, new benzopyridines and coumarins. The novel synthesised flavonoids and anthraquinones from indigenous plants. The coumarins showed tremendous potential as a treatment for use of different interventions to control persistent pathogens tuberculosis and was filed as a patent application in 2019 in foods also forms a vital part of his food safety research (PATENT APPLICATION NO: 2019/05328). In addition to interest. His interests further lie in studying the quality and the above our recent endeavors include chemical synthesis storage stability of fermented foods, in particular African and structural elucidation of analogues that mimic biologic indigenous fermented foods.

25 Honorary Professor Bharti Odhav

NRF Rating C2

h-index 25

Masters students (complete) 33

Doctoral students (complete) 6

Masters students (current) 18

Doctoral students (current) 4

Collaborators 4

Prof. Bharti Odhav was appointed as Honorary Research six doctorates, and 33 masters students and is currently Professor in the Department of Biotechnology and Food supervising four doctoral students and 18 masters students. Technology in 2016. She joined the university as a lecturer Many of her former BTech and masters students are now in 1988 and obtained her PhD in 1996. She is actively holding key positions at the Durban University of Technology, involved at all levels in the research fraternity and has played the University of Cape Town, the University of KwaZulu- a significant role in nurturing the careers and minds of Natal, the Medical Research Council, Technology Innovation colleagues and young people through her previous role as Agency and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Head of Department and now as a lecturer and professor. Others have gone on to conduct industry-specific research During her career she has taught and supervised numerous or hold management positions in the growing research and bachelors, honours, masters, doctoral students and development divisions in the industrial sector. postdoctoral fellows. Prof. Odhav is nationally and internationally recognised in Prof. Bharti has initiated a strong research culture in the her field and has made tremendous contributions to both Faculty of Applied Sciences and plays a key role in sustaining the university and scientific community through exposure research in biotechnology and food technology. Her and linkages with national institutions as well as international research interests are in the field of plant biotechnology and institutions in India, Brazil, China and the USA. on application of nanotechnology for drug delivery and drug The multiplier effect of Prof. Odhav’s efforts can be verified discovery. by her contributions to growing the ability and proficiency She has over 50 publications in peer-reviewed journals of young scientists. Being a pioneering, physically challenged, and has presented in National and Regional Conference black female scientist in a developing institute, she has Abstracts, as well as contributed to three chapters in books. furthered the causes of higher education and transferred her Her undergraduate and postgraduate supervision is evidence skills, knowledge and understanding to future researchers. of her keen sense for promoting learning. She has supervised

Collaborators

• Savannah State University/TELP Linkage Program • South African/Netherlands Research Program on Alternatives in Development (SANPAD) • University of Georgia, Department of Food Science and Technology (FST), Griffin Campus • India Bilateral Project – University of Coimbatore

26 DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT AND VIRAL METAGENOMICS Dr Saheed Sabiu

NRF Rating Y2

h-index (scopus) 13

Masters students (current) 2

Doctoral students (current) 2

Masters students (completed) ---

Doctoral students (completed) ---

Collaborators 3

Publications 41

National Conferences 10

International Conferences 4

Dr. Saheed joined the Department of Biotechnology and journals in his field. He also serves as external examiner for Food Technology in 2019 as a Senior Lecturer. He has several universities. Due to his interest and contributions special interests in phytopharmacology, drug discovery and to the field of phytopharmacology and redox biology, development, redox biology and molecular biotechnology. he has just been appointed the Guest Editor of a Special He is currently researching into the detailed concepts Issue on ‘Mechanistic roles of plant secondary metabolites of therapeutic mechanisms of secondary metabolites in in oxidative stress-linked diseases’ by the Evidence Based degenerative and microbial diseases while reporting health Complimentary Alternative Medicine Journal (ECAM). He is benefits. This is done in a way that provides valuable data also an affiliate of the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) which will lead to new small molecule targets that could Unit of the University of the Free State (UFS), where he is potentially be lead for drug discovery. Dr. Saheed reviews focusing on molecular dynamics of enteric and respiratory bursary and scholarship applications for the NRF and is viruses using whole genome sequencing and metagenomic actively reviewing for more than 15 good impact factor approaches.

National Collaborations

Dr MM Nyaga, UFS-NGS Unit; Dr. S. Amoo (ARC). International Collaborations

Prof. MN Arul (KTH, Sweden).

27 RESEARCH ASSOCIATES

Dr. Katharigatta N. Venugopala

NRF Rating C3

h-index (scopus) 18

Masters students (current) ---

Doctoral students (current) 2

Masters students (completed) 9

Doctoral students (completed) 3

Postdocs 1

Collaborators 9

Publications 157

National Conferences 14

International Conferences 5

Dr. Katharigatta N. Venugopala joined the department in suitable method development for heterocyclic synthesis, drug 2011 and is a Research Fellow. His areas of expertise include discovery, and development on anti-TB, anti-viral, anticancer, the design and synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds anti-mosquito, and anti-inflammatory agents. His interests of pharmacological interest, isolation, and identification further lie in the development of single crystals of active of secondary plant metabolites from indigenous plants, pharmaceutical ingredients and heterocyclic compounds of structural elucidation, and single-crystal X-ray studies for pharmacological interest for polymorphism behavior. polymorphism properties. His current research focuses on

Prof. Francis Shode

NRF Rating ---

h-index (scopus) 20

Masters students (current) ---

Doctoral students (current) 1

Masters students (completed) 12

Doctoral students (completed) 7

Postdocs 4

Collaborators 8

Publications 75

National Conferences 10

International Conferences 12

Professor Francis Oluwole Shode joined the Department of phytomedicines, and herbal cosmetics to fight infectious Biotechnology and Food Technology in 2017 as a Research and non-infectious diseases rampant in Africa. Currently, Associate. His current research focuses on the isolation, Prof. Shode is working on the development and fortification characterisation, and biological evaluation of secondary of plant-based foods for enhanced nutrition and improved metabolites from medicinal plants for development of immunity against chronic diseases, viral infections, and sickle chemotherapeutic drugs, nutraceuticals/functional foods, cell disease (SCD).

28 Prof. Himansu Baijnath

Professor Himansu ‘Snowy’ Baijnath is an Honorary Research one of the only botanists who have had a wasp named after Professor in the School of Biological and Conservation him. Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. He has a Over the past 24 years at Pemary Ridge Primary School he passion for plants and conservation, which he enthusiastically has taken it upon himself to plant trees that are completely shares with his students. unique to KwaZulu-Natal, exposing teachers and inspiring Many of the plants that Professor Baijnath has researched students to nurture their natural inheritance. At the are endemic to the Durban area, such as the Durban Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, he Guava, which he discovered and named, and the Racecourse supervises and mentors postgraduate students for their Lily, Durban’s rarest indigenous plant, once thought to be higher degrees. extinct in the wild. He is responsible for the re-discovery, propagation and active protection of this beautiful lily. Professor Baijnath has for many years been planting seeds Prof. Baijnath has also been involved in projects focusing of knowledge on the importance of caring for our natural on the utilisation of plants, both as sources of nutrition and world, and is a great inspiration for countless minds, young traditional medicinal preparations, for many years. He is also and old.

29 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH OUTPUTS NATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Sabiu S. An update on NGS in infectious disease diagnosis and management. 2019 PathRed Conference. Destiny Hotels, Johannesburg, South Africa, 18 – 22 July 2019. http://www.pathred.co.za/

2. Ogunbayo AE, Mogotsi MT, Sabiu S, Nyaga MM. Application of next generation sequencing and metagenomics in deciphering the respiratory and enteric virome. Conference on Genomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics eMpangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 27th -28th July 2019. https://cpgmb.weebly.com/ 3. Sabiu S, Mwangi PN, Mogotsi MT, Rasebotsa SP, Simwaka JC, Magagula NB, Rakau K, Seheri ML, 4. Mphahlele MJ, Mwenda JM, Nyaga MM. Variability of the Ptypes in stable genotype constellations pre- and post vaccine introduction in Rwanda. The 12th African Rotavirus Symposium (ARS). Johannesburg, South Africa, 30th July-1st Aug 2019. http://ars.samrc.ac.za 5. Rasebotsa SP, Mwangi PN, Mogotsi MT, Sabiu S, Uwimana J, Mutesa L, Muganga N, Murenzi D, Tuyisenge L, Magagula NB, Rakau K, Seheri LM, Mphahlele MJ, Mwenda JM, Nyaga MM. Whole genome analysis of surveillance rotavirus strains from Rwanda identifies reassortants post-rotavirus vaccine introduction. The 12th African Rotavirus Symposium (ARS). Johannesburg, South Africa, 30th July-1st Aug 2019 http://ars.samrc.ac.za/ 6. Mwangi PN, Mogotsi MT, Rasebotsa SP, Sabiu S, Simwaka JC, Magagula NB, Rakau K, Seheri ML, 7. Mphahlele MJ, Mwenda JM, Nyaga MM. Molecular characterization of Zambian rotavirus strains at whole genome level reveals unique changes post-vaccination. 2019 Faculty of Health Sciences Research Forum and the 12th African Rotavirus Symposium (ARS). Johannesburg, South Africa, 30th July-1st Aug 2019 http://ars.samrc.ac.za/ 8. Ndwiga HM, Mugweru JN, Njiru DM, Kinyua J, Sabiu S, Nyaga J, Nyaga MM. Rotavirus vaccination in a level hospital in Kenya reveals poor compliance rate. The 12th African Rotavirus Symposium (ARS). Johannesburg, South Africa, 30th July-1st Aug 2019. http://ars.samrc.ac.za/. 9. Sabiu S. Plant metabolites in the management of type 2 diabetes: Enzyme kinetics and in silico consideration. Conference on Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics: All in Bioinformatics. University of Zululand, Empangeni, South Africa, 27 – 28 July 2019. https://cpgmb.weebly.com/. 2016

10. Ally, F., Mohanlall, V. and Odhav, B. Analysis of tropane alkaloids in field grown, plant cell, and hairy root cultures of Datura stramonium. South African Society for Microbiology Congress, Coastlands, Umhlanga, Durban, January 2016.

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2019

1. Morsy, M.A., Patel, S.S., El-Sheikh, A.A., Savjani, J.K., Nair, A.B., Shah, J.N. and Venugopala, K.N. (2019). Computational and biological comparisons of plant steroids as modulators of inflammation through interacting with glucocorticoid receptor. Mediators of Inflammation 2019: 1-9.

2. Tratrat, C., Haroun, M., Xenikakis, I., Liaras, K., Tsolaki, E., Eleftheriou, P., Petrou, A., Aldhubiab, B., Attimarad, M., Venugopala, K.N., Harsha, S., Elsewedy, H.S., Geronikaki, A. and Soković, M. (2019). Design, synthesis, evaluation of antimicrobial activity and docking studies of new thiazole- based chalcones. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19: 356-375.

3. SreeHarsha, N., Hiremath, J.G., Chilukuri, S., Aitha, R.K., Al-Dhubiab, B.E., Katharigatta, N., Venugopala, Alzahrani, A.M. and Meravanige, G. (2019). An approach to enhance the dissolution rate of tamoxifen citrate. Biomed Research International 2161348:1-11. (https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2161348). 4. Chandrashekharappa, S., Venugopala, K.N., Venugopala, R. and Padmashali, B. (2019). Qualitative anti-tubercular activity of synthetic ethyl 7-acetyl- 2-substituted-3-(4-substituted benzoyl) indolizine-1-carboxylate analogues. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 9(02):124-128 (DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2018.8801).

5. Tratrat, C., Haroun, M., Xenikakis, I., Tsolaki, E., Eleftheriou, P., Petrou, A., Aldhubiab, B., Attimarad, M., Venugopala, K.N., Heba, S., Elsewedy, Geronikaki, A. and Soković, M. (2019). Design, synthesis, evaluation of antimicrobial activity and docking studies of thiazole-based chalcones. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19;356-375 (DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190129121933).

6. SreeHarsha, N., Ghorpade, R., Alzahrani, A., Aldhubiab, B. and Venugopala, K. (2019). Immobilization Studies of Candida Antarctica Lipase B on Gallic Acid-Resin Grafted Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. International Journal of Nanomedicine 14:3235-3244. (DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S203547)

7. SreeHarsha, N., Al-Dhubiab, B.E., Kumar, R.T., Venugopala, K.N., Ghorpade, R.V., Meravanige, G. and Alqadheeb, A. (2019). Novel preparation and effective delivery of mucoadhesive nanoparticles containing the anti-diabetic drug. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 53(2):43-49. (DOI: 10.5530/ ijper.53.2s.47). 8. Padmashali, B., Chidananda, B.N., Govindappa, B., Basavaraj, S.M., Chandrashekharappa, S. and Venugopala K.N. (2019). Synthesis and characterization of novel 1,6-dihydropyrimidine derivatives and their pharmacological properties. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 9(5):133-140. (DOI: 10.7324/ JAPS.2019.90517).

9. Katharigatta, N., Chandrashekharappa, V.S., Pillay, M., Hassan, H., Abdallah, F.M., Mahomoodally, S.B., Chopra, D., Aldhubiab, B.E., Attimarad, M., Anroop, B., Nair, N.S., Mors, M.A., Venugopala, R., Odhav, B. and Mlisana, K. (2019). Computational and crystallographic studies on substituted 7-methoxy indolizine analogs for anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity. PLOS ONE. 14(6): e0217270;1-22. (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217270).

10. Katharigatta, N., Venugopala, S., Chandrashekharappa, M., Pillay, S., Bhandary, M., Kandeel, F.M., Mahomoodally, M.A., Morsy, D., Chopra, B.E., Aldhubiab, M., Attimarad, O.I., Alwassil, SreeHarsha, K., Mlisana, and Odhav, B. (2019). Synthesis and structural elucidation of novel benzothiazole derivatives as anti-tubercular agents: In-silico screening for possible target identification. Medicinal Chemistry 14(3):311-326. (https://europepmc.org/abstract/ med/29968540).

11. Venugopala, K.N., Tratrat, C., Chandrashekharappa, S., Attimarad, M., Sreeharsha, N., Pottathil, S., Venugopala, R., Al- Attraqchi, O.H.A., Morsy, M.A., Haroun, M. and Odhav, B. (2019). Anti-tubercular potency and computationally-assessed drug-likeness and toxicology of diversely substituted indolizines. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 53(3):545-552. (doi:10.5530/ijper.53.3.87).

12. Nair, A., Gupta, S., Al-Dhubiab, B., Shinu, P., Jacob, S., Shah, J., Morsy, M., SreeHarsha, N., Attimarad, M., Venugopala, K.N. and Akrawi, S. (2019). Effective therapeutic delivery and bioavailability enhancement of pioglitazone using drug in adhesive transdermal patch. Pharmaceutics 11 (7):359. (https://doi. org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11070359). 30 13. Attimarad, M., Bandar, E., Aldhubaib, Venugopla, K.N., Anroop, B. and Nair, S.H. (2019). Development of UV spectrophotometry methods for concurrent quantification of amlodipine and celecoxib by manipulation of ratio spectra in pure and pharmaceutical formulation,PLOS ONE 16;14(9): e0222526. (doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0222526).

14. Mohamed Morsy, Mahmoud El-Daly, Anroop Nair, Katharigatta Venugopala, Khaled Greish, Sumeet Gupta. (2019). Protective effect of Spirulina platensis extract against dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Nutrients 11;(10):2309. (https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102309).

15. Al-Attraqchi, O.H.A., Attimarad, M., Venugopala, K.N., Nair, A. and Al-Attraqchi, N.H.A (2019). Adenosine A2A receptor as a potential drug target – Current status and future perspectives. Current Pharmaceutical Design 25:2716-2740. (doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190716113444).

16. Alwassil, O.I., Chandrashekharappa, S., Nayak, S.K., Venugopala, K.N. (2019). Design, synthesis, and structural elucidation of novel NmeNANAS inhibitors for the treatment of meningococcal infection. PLoS ONE 14(10): e0223413. (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223413

17. SreeHarsha, N., Maheshwari, R., Bandar, E., Al-Dhubiab, Tekade, M., Mukesh, C., Sharma, Venugopala, K.N., Kumar, R., and Alzahrani, A.M. (2019). Graphene-based hybrid nanoparticle of doxorubicin for cancer chemotherapy. International Journal of Nanomedicine (14):7419-7429 (DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/ IJN.S211224).

18. SreeHarsha, N., Hiremath, J.G., Aitha, R.K., Domb, A.J., Al-Dhubiab, B.E., Ramnarayanan, C., Alzahrani, A.M., Venugopala, K.N., Akrawi, S.H., Attimarad, M., Nair, A.B (2019). Paclitaxel loaded poly (DL lactic acid co castor oil) 60:40 with poloxamer-F68 rod shape cylindrical nanoparticle preparation and in vitro cytotoxicity studies. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 30(10):2613-2622 (https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.4719).

19. Katharigatta N. Venugopala, O., H.A. Al-Attraqchi, Christophe Tratrat, Susanta K. Nayak, Mohamed A. Morsy, Bandar E. Aldhubiab, Mahesh Attimarad, Anroop B. Nair, Nagaraja Sreeharsha, Rashmi Venugopala, Michelyne, H., Meravanige, B.G., Chandrashekharappa, S., Alwassil, O.I. and Odhav, B. (2019). Novel series of methyl 3-(substituted benzoyl)-7- substituted-2-phenylindolizine-1-carboxylates as promising anti-inflammatory agents: Molecular modeling studies. Biomolecules 9(11);661. (https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/11/661).

20. Keshab M. Bairagi, Priyanka Pal, Subhrajyoti Bhandary, Katharigatta N. Venugopala, Deepak Chopra, Susanta K. Nayak. (2019). Crystal structure of a 1:1 cocrystal of nicotinamide with 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid. Acta Crystallographica Section E E75;1712–1718 (https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019013859).

21. Nagaraja SreeHarsha, Chandramouli Ramnarayanan, Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab, Anroop Nair, Jagadeesh Hiremath, Katharigatta N. Venugopala, Roopashree Satish, Mahesh Attimarad and Arshia Shariff. (2019). Mucoadhesive particles: A novel prolonged release nanocarrier of sitagliptin for the treatment of diabetics. BioMed Research International 2019;3950942:1-9. (https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3950942).

22. Mohamed Morsy , Rania Abdel-Latif, Anroop Nair, Katharigatta Venugopala, Amira Ahmed, Heba Elsewedy, Tamer Shehata. (2019). Preparation and Evaluation of Atorvastatin-Loaded Nanoemulgel on Wound-Healing Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2019;11:6 0 9. (doi:10 . 3390/phar maceu tics111106 0 9).

23. Katharigatta, N., Venugopala, M.A., Khedr, M.P., Susanta, K., Nayak, S., Chandrashekharappa, Bandar, E., Aldhubiab, S., Mahesh, A. and Bharti, O. (2019). Benzothiazole analogs as potential anti-TB agents: Computational input and molecular dynamics. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics 2019;37(7): 1830-1842 (https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2018.1470035).

24. Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, Z., Katharigatta, N. Venugopala. and Mahomoodally F. (2019). Antiglycation, comparative antioxidant potential, phenolic content and yield variation of essential oils from 19 exotic and endemic medicinal plants. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2019;26(7):1779-1788. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.05.002).

25. Heerasingh, T., Zakariyyah, M. Aumeeruddy, Kannan R.R Rengasamy, Katharigatta N. Venugopala, R. Jeewon, Gokhan Zengin, and Fawzi M Mahoomodally. (2019). A systematic review on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): From folk uses to pharmacological applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2019 59(sup1):S210-S243 (https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1565489).

26. Omar Husham Ahmed Al-Attraqchi, Katharigatta N. Venugopala. (2019). 2D- and 3D-QSAR modeling of imidazole-based glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors. Current Computer-Aided Drug Design in press (doi: 10.2174/1573409915666190918150136).

27. Agunbiade M.O, Sabiu, S., Van Heerden, E., Pohl, C.H. (2019). In vivo toxicopathological evaluation of a purified bioflocculant produced by Arthrobacter humicola. Pharmacognosy Journal 3(11): 486-492. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2019.11.x

28. Sabiu, S,, Madende, M., Ajao, A.A., Ogundeji, O.A., Lekena, N. and Alayande, K.A. (2019). The scope of phytotherapy in southern African antidiabetic healthcare. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 74(1): 1-18. DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2019.1575927

29. Aladodo, R.A, Sabiu, S. and Sulyman, A.O. (2019). Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels (Combretaceae) aqueous stem bark extract extenuates oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat. Pharmacognosy Journal 11 (1): 183-190

30. Balogun, F.O., Ashafa, A.O.T., Sabiu, S., Ajao, A.A., Perumal, C.P., Kazeem, M.I. and Adedeji, A.A. (2019). Pharmacognosy: Importance and drawbacks. Editor: Shagufta P. and Areej A. InTech, London. ISBN: 978-953-51-7755-5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82396.

31. Sabiu, S., Madende, M., Ajao, A.A., Aladodo, R.A., Nurain, I.O. and Ahmad, J.B. (2019). Bioactive food as dietary interventions for diabetes: The genus Allium (Amaryllidaceae: Alloideae): Features, phytoconstituents, and mechanisms of antidiabetic potential of Allium cepa and Allium sativum. 137-154. Editor: Watson RR and Preedy VR. Academic Press, Elsevier, London. ISBN: 978-0-12-813822-9. 2018

32. Khedr, M.A., Pillay, M., Chandrashekharappa, S., Chopra, D., Aldhubiab, B.E., Attimarad, M., Alwassil, O.I., Mlisana, K., Odhav, B. and Venugopala, K.N. (2018). Molecular modeling studies and anti-TB activity of trisubstituted indolizine analogues; molecular docking and dynamic input. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 36: 2163-2178.

33. Chandrashekharappa, S., Venugopala, K.N., Nayak, S.K., Gleiser, R.M., García, D.A., Kumalo, H.M., Kulkarni, R.S., Mahomoodally, F.M., Venugopala, R., Mohan, M.K. and Odhav, B. (2018). One-pot microwave assisted synthesis and structural elucidation of novel ethyl 3-substituted-7- methylindolizine-1-carboxylates with larvicidal activity against Anopheles arabiensis. Journal of Molecular Structure 1156: 377-384.

34. Haroun, M., Tratrat, C., Kositzi, K., Tsolaki, E., Petrou, A., Aldhubiab, B., Attimarad, M., Harsha, S., Geronikaki, A., Venugopala, K.N., Elsewedy, H.S., Sokovic, M., Glamoclija, J. and Ciric, A. (2018). New benzothiazole-based thiazolidinones as potent antimicrobial agents. Design, synthesis and

31 biological evaluation. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18: 75-87.

35. Chandrashekharappa, S., Bairagi, K.M., Mohan, M.K., Mohanlall, V., Kasumbwe, K., Venugopala, K.N. and Nayak, S.K. (2018). Crystal structure of 1-[3,5-bis­(tri­fluoro­meth­yl)phen­yl]-2-bromo­ethan-1-one. Acta Cryst 74: 868-870. 2017

36. Venugopala, K.N., Khedr, M.A., Attimarad, M., Padmashali, B., Kulkarni, R.S., Venugopala, R. and Odhav, B. (2017). Review on chemistry of natural and synthetic indolizines with their chemical and pharmacological properties. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy 8: 49-60.

37. Sánchez-Borzone, M.E., Mariani, M.E., Miguel, V., Gleiser, R.M., Odhav, B., Venugopala, K.N. and García, D.A. (2017). Membrane effects of dihydropyrimidine analogues with larvicidal activity. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 150: 106-113.

38. Viola, A.N., Udedi, S.C., Ezeonu, F.C., Orji, F.A., Ezeanyanaso, C.S., Bartholomew, I.C.B., Shode, F.O. and Elemo, G.N. (2017). An analysis of food value and some selected secondary metabolites of Emilia coccinea (Asteraceae) leaf. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research 2: 1-11.

39. Kasumbwe, K., Venugopala, N.K., Mohanlall, V. and Odhav, B. (2017). Synthetic mono/di-halogenated coumarin derivatives and their anticancer properties. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 17: 276-285.

40. Mammo, F.K., Mohanlall, V., and Shode, F.O. (2017). Gunnera perpensa L.: A multi-use ethnomedicinal plant species in South Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 9: 77-83. 2016

41. Venugopala, K.N., Nayak, S.K., Gleiser, R.M., Sanchez-Borzone, M.E., Garcia, D.A. and Odhav, B. (2016). Synthesis, polymorphism, and insecticidal activity of methyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-iodo-2-methyl-6-oxo-1, 6-dihydro-4h-pyrimido [2, 1-b] quinazoline-3-carboxylate against Anopheles arabiensis mosquito. Chemical Biology and Drug Design 88: 88–96.

42. Bairagi, K.M., Venugopala, K.N., Mondal, P.K., Odhav, B. and Nayak, S.K. (2016). Crystal structure of methyl 4 (4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate monohydrate. Acta Crystallographica Section E: Crystallographic Communications 72: 1335-1338.

43. Singh, A., Venugopala, K.N., Khedr, M.A., Pillay, M., Nwaeze, K.U., Coovadia, Y., Shode, F. and Odhav, B. (2016). Antimycobacterial, docking and molecular dynamic studies of pentacyclic triterpenes from Buddleja saligna leaves. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 35: 2654-2664.

44. Chandrashekharappa, S., Venugopala, K.N., Gleiser, R.M., Chetram, A., Padmashali, B., Kulkarni, R.S., 45. Venugopala, R. and Odhav, B. (2016). Greener synthesis of indolizine analogues using water as a base and solvent: study for larvicidal activity against Anopheles arabiensis. Chemical Biology and Drug Design 88: 899-904.

46. Naicker, L., Mohanlall, V. and Odhav, B. (2016). Genetic transformation of Ceratotheca triloba for the production of anthraquinones from hairy root cultures. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine 13: 85-94. 2015

47. Naicker, L., Venugopala, K.N., Shode, F. and Odhav, B. (2015). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of piperidine derivatives. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 9: 783-792.

48. Mellem, J., Baijnath, H. and Odhav, B. (2015). Antidiabetic potential of Brachylaena discolour. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 12: 38-44.

49. Venugopala, K.N., Govender, R., Khedr, M.A., Venugopala, R., Aldhubiab, B.E., Harsha, S. and Odhav, B. (2015). Design, synthesis, and computational studies on dihydropyrimidine scaffolds as potential lipoxygenase inhibitors and cancer chemopreventive agents. Drug Design, Development and Therapy 9: 911-921.

50. Chandrashekharappa, S., Padmashali, B., Venugopala, K.N., Kulkarni, R.S., Venugopala, R. and Odhav, B. (2015). Synthesis and characterisation of ethyl 7-acetyl-2-substituted 3-(substituted benzoyl) indolizine-1-carboxylates for in vitro anticancer activity. Asian Journal of Chemistry 28: 1043-1048.

51. Chandrashekharappa, S., Venugopala, K.N., Venugopala, R. and Odhav, B. (2015). Silica-sulfuric acid: novel, simple, efficient and reusable catalyst for hydration of nitrile to amide. Asian Journal of Chemistry 28: 2177-2180.

32 RESEARCH FOCUS AREA FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY

The Food Science and Technology Research (FSTR) group was founded in 2013 and is directed to the innovation of nutritious and health promoting products for household nutrition and the food industry. Main research areas within the FSTR group include food processing, major food bioplymers characterisation, modification and application in food and non-food systems as well as food safety regulator, with emphasis on mechanisms of adaptation, resistance and persistence of food-borne pathogens.

The research team has been combining indigenous knowledge and modern technology to develop nutrient-rich rural household consumption. Major food bioplymers research focuses on characterisation of plant protein, polysaccharides and their complexes for development of high value functional ingredients, such as antioxidant peptides, that will interest the food industry. Potential application of protein-polysaccharide complexes are in the field of emulsion stabilisation, formation of hydrogen and complex caocervates for encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive compounds.

The Food Science and Technology team currently focuses its research on indigenous climate smart crops for value addition. Indigenous Climate Smart Crops (ICSC) refers to a range of crops with good nutrient profiles that are well-adapted to the changing climate. ICSC currently experience low levels of utilisation as they are traditionally grown by local farmers, in many cases solely for subsistence. Examples of these crops include bambara groundnuts, cowpea, pigeon pea, millet and amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta). These crops may play a role in addressing agricultural and food challenges.

33 LEAD RESEARCHERS

Prof. Eric Amonsou

NRF Rating Y2

h-index (scopus) 12

Masters students (current) 3

Doctoral students (current) 5

Masters students (completed) 8

Doctoral students (completed) 4

Postdocs 1

Collaborators 10

Publications 50

National Conferences 5

International Conferences 5

Professor Eric Amonsou joined the Department of in emulsion stabilization, hydrogels, biocomposite films and Biotechnology and Food Technology in 2013 and is an associate encapsulation of bioactive compounds, also forms a vital part Professor. His area of expertise is in plant protein application of his research. Other areas of research interest include food in foods. His current research mainly focuses on structure- rheology and innovative product development for scale-up composition and modification of major of food biopolymers and commercialisation. In 2018, Prof Amonsou received for improved functionality and applications in dough systems the DUT innovator of the year award for the successful and beverages. The formation of protein-polysaccharide development of “Multilife” breakfast cereal prototype based complexes and nanostructured materials, which, when applied on Amadumbe, a traditional South African tuber crop. Prof Oluwatosin A. Ijabadeniyi

NRF Rating C2

h-index (scopus) 10

Masters students (current) 3

Doctoral students (current) 3

Masters students (completed) 8

Doctoral students (completed) 4

Postdocs 1

Collaborators 11

Publications 44

National Conferences 11

International Conferences 11

Prof. Ijabadeniyi joined the Department in 2011 and is an of food borne pathogens that constitute a public health risk, Associate Professor in the Department of Biotechnology and including Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, E. coli OI57:H7 Food Technology at the Durban University of Technology. and Aspergillus flavus. The use of different interventions to His areas of expertise include food safety, food quality, control persistent pathogens in foods also forms a vital part traditional fermented foods, food microbiology, crop of his food safety research interest. His interests further lie in processing and value addition and empowerment of small studying the quality and storage stability of fermented foods, holder farmers. His current research focuses on incidences in particular African indigenous fermented foods. 34 National Collaborations

• Dr Obiro C. Wokadala; ARC – Institute of Tropical and Subtropical crops, Nelspruit. • Dr Anthony Olusegun Obilana, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town International Collaborations

• Prof Claudia Narvaez (University of Manitoba, Canada) • Dr. Mrs. Oluwatoyin Oluwole (Federal Institute of Industrial Research Nigeria) • Dr Didier Montet, (CIRAD, Montpellier France) • Piet Stouten (SELAMAT, Netherlands) • Prof Dennis Sandris Nielsen (University of Copenhagen, Denmark). • Prof Rotimi Aluko (University of Manitoba, Canada). • Dr Tatyana Fedorova, Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Russia • Prof Obadina Adewale, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria • Dr Modesto Olanyaa, USDA, USA

Prof. John Mellem

NRF Rating ---

h-index (scopus) 6

Masters students (current) 6

Doctoral students (current) 2

Masters students (completed) 5

Doctoral students (completed) 2

Postdocs 2

Collaborators 6

Publications 28

National Conferences 14

International Conferences 4

Professor Mellem joined the department in 2007 and communicable diseases [viz. diabetes, cancer, CVD (cardio is an Associate Professor. His areas of expertise include vascular diseases)] resulting in value addition to existing development of food functional ingredients/ nutraceuticals underutilized or neglected crops thereby increasing their for their antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activity. adoption by farmers and contributing to food security. His His current research focuses on the identification and interests further lie in the development of bionanomaterials characterization of bioactive peptides from selected South for the delivery of bioactive compounds against cancer cells African under-utilized grains and legumes to address non-

National Collaborations

Dr Abe Gerrano, Agricultural Research Council (VOPI), South Africa. Dr Sonja Venter, Agricultural Research Council (VOPI), South Africa. Dr Michael Bairu, Agricultural Research Council (VOPI), South Africa. Dr Anthony Obilana, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa Prof. Himansu Baijnath, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

35 International Collaborations

Prof. Ralf Greiner, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Karlsruhe, Germany Prof. Alain Dufresne, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Pangora, France

FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH OUTPUTS NATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Busu,N.M. and Amonsou, E.O. Contribution of ionic strength and biopolymer ratio to bambara protein-gum Arabic complex formation, encapsulation and release. 23rd Biennial SAAFoST Conference, Johanesburg, 1- 4th September 2019. 2. Alabi, O.O. and Amonsou, E.O. Comparative study of Vicilin 7S and legumin 11S from Bambara groundnut. Presented at the SAAFoST’S 23rd Biennial International Congress and Exhibition: Food Science and Technology for the 21st Century, Johannesburg, 1-4 September 2019. 3. Oyedeji, A.B., Mellem, J.J. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. Potential for enhanced soy storage protein breakdown and allergen reduction in soy-based foods produced with optimized sprouted soybeans. SAAFoST Congress, Johannesburg, 1-4 September 2019. 2018

4. Ijabadeniyi, O.A. The role of agro-processing technology and food entrepreneurship in the empowerment of Kwazulu-Natal women small holder farmers. International Conference on Urban Biodiversity and Food Security, Cape Town, 11-14 September 2018. 2017

5. Seke, F., Amonsou, E.O., Venter, S. and Kudanga, T. The effect of laccase and xanthan gum on the properties of gluten free amadumbe bread. SAAFoST 2017, Century City Conference Centre, Cape Town, South Africa, 3-6 September 2017. 6. Manhivi, V.E., Amonsou, E.O. and Kudanga, T. Amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and cactus (Opuntia spp) micilages as potential hydrocolloids for gluten-free dough systems Part 1: Mucilage characterisation. SAAFoST 2017, Century City Conference Centre, Cape Town, South Africa, 3-6 September 2017. 7. Sipahli, S., Mohanlall, V. and Mellem, J.J. (2017). Stability and degradation kinetics of crude anthocyanin extracts from H. sabdariffa. Food Science and Technology (Campinas) 37: 209-215. 2016

8. Amonsou, E.O. Traditional food crops hold great promise for improved food, nutrition security and health. 4th Annual eThekwini-University Research Symposium, EURS, 5-6 April 2016. 9. Arise, A.K., Alashi, A.M., Nwachukwu, N.D., Sunday, M.A., Aluko, R.E. and Amonsou, E.O. Inhibitory properties of bambara protein hydrolysate and its membrane fractions against angiotensin converting enzymes, renin and free radicals. Food Safety and Security 2016 Autumn Scientific Conference (FSaS), Johannesburg. South African, 16-18th May 2016. 10. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S. and Amonsou, E.O. Promoting bambara groundnut starch utilisation through complexation with lipids. Food Safety and Security Conference, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, 15-19 May 2016. 11. Ijabadeniyi, O.A. Adding value to soybean and small-holder farmers’ empowerment. Paper presented at Fourth Soy Seminar and Workshop, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa, 20 - 24 June 2016. 12. Jula, M. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. Quality and Microbiological study of Bamjera (injera fortified with Bambara groundnuts). Paper presented at 2016 Autumn International Scientific Conference on Food Security and Safety, University of Johannesburg, South Africa 16-18 May 2016. 13. Oladunjoye, A.O., Ijabadeniyi, O.A. and Singh, S. Synergistic combination of nisin and salts of organic acid to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 on fresh-cut tomato stored at different temperatures. Presented at 2016 Autumn International Scientific Conference on Food Security and Safety, University of Johannesburg, South Africa 16-18 May 2016. 14. Olagunju, O.F., Mchunu, N.K and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. Mycotoxins in Food and Feed – a review of incidence, detection and management. Paper presented at 2016 Autumn International Scientific Conference on Food Security and Safety, University of Johannesburg, South Africa 16-18 May2016 . 15. Oyedeji, A.B., Sobukola, O.P., Henshaw, F.O, Adegunwa, M.O., Ijabadeniyi, O.A. Sanni, L.O. and Tomlins, K.I. Kinetics of mass transfer during deep fat frying of yellow fleshed cassava root slices. Paper presented at 2016 Autumn International Scientific Conference on Food Security and Safety, University of Johannesburg, South Africa 16-18 May 2016. 16. Ijabadeniyi, O.A. Adding Value to Soybean and Small-holder Farmers Empowerment. Paper presented at Four th Soy Seminar and Workshop, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa 20 – 24 June 2016. 2015

17. Mellem, J. Soy applications: Non-dairy ice-cream - Processing of a soybean based ice-cream. Imagine the possibilities with soy: Market Trends and Workshop, 27-31 July 2015. 18. Essack, H., Odhav, B. and Mellem, J. Screening of traditional South African leafy vegetables for specific anti-nutritional factors before and after processing. 21st South African Association for Food Science and Technology (SAAFoST) Biennial International Congress and Exhibition, Durban, South Africa, 6-9 September 2015. 19. Arise, A.K., Ijabadeniyi, O.A. and Amonsou, E.O. Composition, solubility profile and thermal properties of protein isolate from bambara groundnut Vigna( subterranea) landraces. 21st South African Association for Food Science and Technology (SAAFoST) Biennial International Congress and Exhibition, Durban, South Africa, 6-9 September 2015. 36 20. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S. and Amonsou, E.O. Properties of biocomposite films made from bambara groundnut starch and stearic acid. 2nd International Conference on Composites, Biocomposites and Nanocomposites, Durban, South Africa, 28-30 October 2015. 21. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S. and Amonsou, E.O. Structure, in-vitro digestibility and other functional properties of starch isolated from bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) landraces. 21st South African Association for Food Science and Technology (SAAFoST) Biennial International Congress and Exhibition, Durban, South Africa, 6-9 September 2015. 22. Jula, M. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. Quality and storage stability of Bambara kunun-zaki, a fermented cereal legume gruel. 21th SAAFoST Biennial International Congress and Exhibition 2015. Durban South Africa 6 – 9 September 2015. 23. Mveli, C.M and Ijabadeniyi, O.A Household- level food safety handling and preparation of food in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. 21th SAAFoST Biennial International Congress and Exhibition 2015. Durban South Africa 6 – 9 September 2015.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Ntshangase, M., Erukainure, O. and Amonsou, E.O. Combining plant mucilages with corn starch-phenolic complexes significantly improves in-vitro starch digestibility and antioxidative effects in oxidative pancreatic injury, 33rd EEFoST International Conference, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 12-14 November 2019. 2. Ijabadeniyi, O.A and Haniff, J. Food borne pathogens in soft cheeses and their inactivation with lactic acid bacteria. 33rd EFFoST International Conference, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 12 -14 November 2019. 2018

3. Ijabadeniyi, O.A. and Pillay, M. Foodborne pathogens in fish product samples and their inactivation with nisin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. International Association for Food Protection Annual Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, 8-11 July 2018. 4. Ajibola, O., Mellem, J., Nielsen, D.S. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. Microbial community of naturally fermented soymilk and soymilk-kefir produced from sprouted soybeans under optimised sprouting conditions. International Association for Food Protection Annual Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, 8-11 July 2018. 5. Ijabadeniyi, O.A. International Conference on Herbal Dietary Supplement, Authenticity, Quality, Safety & Regulation, Emerald Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand, 9 November 2018. 6. Olagunju, O., Mchunu, N., Durand, N., Alter, P., Montet, D., Venter, S. and Ijabadeniyi, O. Effect of milling, roasting and lactic acid bacteria fermentation on growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) flour. 32nd EFFoST International Conference, Nantes, France, 6-8 November 2018. 2017

7. Sipahli, S., Mohanlall, V. and Mellem, J.J. (2017). Stability and degradation kinetics of crude anthocyanin extracts from H. sabdariffa. Food Science and Technology (Campinas) 37: 209-215.

8. Ijabadeniyi, O.A. and Pillay, Y. Microbial safety of edible low-water activity foods: Study of simulated and Durban household samples. International Association for Food Protection Conference, Tampa, Florida, USA July 9 – 12, 2017. 9. Devnath, S., Oyedeji, A. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. Occurrence of spore formers in processed milk from household refrigerators and the effect of heat treatment on Bacillus spore activation. International Association for Food Protection Conference, Tampa, Florida, USA July 9 – 12 2017. 2016

10. Mtolo, M., Gerrano, A., Adebola, P. and Mellem, J. Effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the phenol content and in-vitro antioxidant capacity of processed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars. IUFoST 18th World Congress of Food Science and Technology in the Royal Dublin Society, Ireland, 21-25 August 2016. 11. Kudanga, T., Mthembu, S., Mellem, J. and Amonsou, A. Chemo-enzymatic modification of bambara and cowpea proteins for improved hydrogel properties. IUFoST 18th World Congress of Food Science and Technology in the Royal Dublin Society, Ireland, 21-25 August 2016. 12. Arise, A.K., Alashi, A.M., Nwachukwu, N.D., Ijabadeniyi, O.A., Aluko, R.E. and Amonsou, E.O. Antioxidant activities of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) protein hydrolysates and their membrane ultrafiltration fraction. IUFoST 18th World Congress of Food Science and Technology in the Royal Dublin Society, Ireland, 21-25 August 2016. 13. Oyeyinka, S.A., Ma, Y., Singh, S. and Amonsou, E.O. Enhancing the industrial potential of bambara starch through complexation with fatty acids using high pressure homogenisation. IUFoST 18th World Congress of Food Science and Technology in the Royal Dublin Society, Ireland, 21-25 August 2016. 14. Mukurumbira, A., Mellem, J. and Amonsou, E.O. Preparation and characterisation of amadumbe starch nanocrystals for potential application in bio-composite films. IUFoST 18th World Congress of Food Science and Technology in the Royal Dublin Society, Ireland 21-25 August 2016. 15. Ajibade, O.B, Ijabadeniyi, O.A. and Wokadala, O.C. Effect of Pectin and Emulsifiers on Nutritional Quality and Consumer Acceptability of Wheat Composite Bread. 30th EFFoST International Conference, Vienna, Austria 28-30 November

16. 2016. 17. Yusuf A.O, Shode F. O; Ijabadeniyi O.A. Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Novel Non-Dairy Probiotic Yoghurt from Pigeon Pea Milk. 18th World Congress of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST) Conference, , Dublin, Ireland 21-25 August 2016. 18. Ijabadeniyi O. A., Mveli M. C. Food Safety Knowledge at Kwazulu-Natal South Africa Households and the Microbiological Quality of Their Ready-to-Eat Foods and Food Contact Surfaces. International Association for Food Protection Conference, St Louis Missouri, USA Jul 31 - Aug 3 2016. 2015

19. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S. and Amonsou, E.O. In-vitro digestibility and other functional properties of starches from Bambara landraces. 29th European Federation of Food Science and Technology (EFFoST) Conference, Athens, Greece 10-12 November 2015.

37 20. Ijabadeniyi, O.A and Jula. Overview of migration, poverty and food safety risks in developing countries. 29th EFFoST International Conference. Athens Greece November 10 – 12 2015. 21. Ijabadeniyi, O.A. and Powys, O.M. Microbial Safety of Cold Cuts and Fate of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 in Chicken Cold Cuts Prepared with Antimicrobials. International Association for Food Protection meeting. Portland Oregon, USA July 25 – 28 2015.

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2019

1. Busu, N.M. and Amonsou, E.O. (2019). Fractionation pH of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) protein impacts degree of complexation with gum Arabic. Food Hydrocolloids 87: 653-660.

2. Venter, S. L., Fouche, J. H., De Wit, M. Mavengahama, S., Coetzer, GM wart, W. J. S. Amonsou EO. (2019). The effect of fostering partnerships on broadening the food base: the role of cactus pear, an underutilised crop with unlimited potential-the South African perspective. Acta Horticulturae 1247: 237-244.

3. Ajibade, B.O. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2019). Effect of pectin and emulsifiers on physical, nutritional quality and consumer acceptability of wheat composite dough and bread. Journal of Food Science and Technology 56: 83-92.

4. Naiker, T., Gerrano, A. and Mellem, J. (2019). Physicochemical properties of flour produced from five cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars of Southern African origin. Journal of Food Science and Technology 56(3): 1541-1550.

5. Olanya, O.M., Hoshide, A.K., Ijabadeniyi, O.A., Ukuku, D.O., Mukhopadhyay S, Niemira B. A and Ayeni O (2019). Cost estimation of listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes) occurrence in South Africa in 2017 and its food safety implications. Food Control 102: 231-239.

6. Ajayeoba, T.A., Dula, S. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2019). Properties of poly-γ-glutamic acid producing Bacillus species isolated from Ogi liquor and lemon-Ogi liquor. Frontiers in Microbiology-Food Microbiology doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00771.

7. Ajayeoba, T.A. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2019). Characterization and antioxidant ability of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria in Ogi liquor and lemon juice-Ogi liquor. Annals of Microbiology doi.org/10.1007/s13213-019-01469-4. 8. Gajadhar, S. and Mellem, J. (2019). Isolation and Characterization of a Microbial Pigment Obtained from Serratia marcescens as a Natural Food Colourant. Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati, Fascicle VI: Food Technology, 43(1): 137-154.

9. Rengadu, D., Gerrano, A. and Mellem, J. (2019). Prebiotic effect of resistant starch from Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (cowpea) using an in vitro simulated digestion model. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14304]

10. Naiker, T., Baijnath, H., Amonsou, E. and Mellem, J. (2019). The effect of soaking, steaming and dehydration on the microstructure, physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of flour produced from Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (hyacinth bean). Journal of Food Processing and Preservation.

11. Ajayeoba, T.A., Bamidele, T.S., Oyawoye, O.M. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A .(2019). Efficacy of lemon juice ogi-steep liquor in the reduction of aflatoxigenic fungi growth during processing of dried sliced yam. LWT Food Science and Technology. doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.013.

12. Ijabadeniyi, O., Naraindath, K. and Ajayeoba, T. (2019). Prevalence of some foodborne pathogens in the processed meat products from Durban and their growth after treatment with vinegar and lemon juice. International Food Research Journal.

13. Venter, S.L., Fouché, H.J., De Wit, M., Mavengahama, S., Coetzer, G.M., Swart, W.J., Amonsou, E.O. (2019). The effect of fostering partnerships on broadening the food base: The role of cactus pear, an underutilised crop with unlimited potential – the South African perspective. Acta Horticulturae 1247: 237-244. 2018

14. Oyedeji, A.B., Mellem, J.J. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2018). Improvement of some quality attributes of soymilk through optimisation of selected soybean sprouting parameters using response surface methodology. CyTA - Journal of Food 16: 230-237.

15. Olagunju, O.F., Ezekiel, O.O., Ogunshe, A.O., Oyeyinka, S.A. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2018). Effects of fermentation on proximate composition, mineral profile and antinutrients of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed in the production of daddawa-type condiment. LWT - Food Science and Technology 90: 455 – 459.

16. Erukainure, O.L., Hafizur, R.M., Kabir, N., Chaudhary, M.I., Atolani, O., Banerjee, P., Preissner, R., Chukwuma, C.I., Muhammad, A., Amonsou, E.O. and Islam, Md.S. (2018). Suppressive effects of Clerodendrum volubile P beauv. [labiatae] methanolic extract and its fractions on type 2 diabetes and its complications. Frontiers in Pharmacology 9: 8.

17. Chukwuma, C.I., Islam, Md.S. and Amonsou, E.O. (2018). Comparative study on the physicochemical, anti‐oxidative, anti‐hyperglycemic and anti‐lipidemic properties of amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) mucilage. Journal of Food Biochemistry 42: 12601.

18. Olagunju, O., Mchunu, N., Venter, S., Gnibert, B., Durand, N., Metayer, I., Montet, D. and Ijabadeniyi, O. (2018). Fungal contamination of food commodities in Durban, South Africa. Journal of Food Safety 38: 12515.

19. Manhivi, V.E., Amonsou, E.O. and Kudanga, T. (2018). Laccase-mediated crosslinking of gluten-free amadumbe flour improves rheological properties. Food Chemistry 264: 157-163.

20. Manhivi, V.E., Venter, S., Amonsou, E.O. and Kudanga, T. (2018). Composition, thermal and rheological properties of polysaccharides from amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and cactus (Opuntia spp). Carbohydrate Polymers 195: 163-169.

21. Mkhungo, M.C., Oyedeji, A.B. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2018). Food safety knowledge and microbiological hygiene of households in selected areas of Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. Italian Journal of Food Safety 7: 126 -130.

22. Ijabadeniyi, O.A. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2018). Governance of nanoagriculture and nanofoods. In: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Advances and Developments in Nano-sized Materials. De Gruyter, pp: 88-100.

23. Olagunju, O.F., Mchunu, N.P., Montet, D., Durand, N., Alter, P. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2018). Effect of milling, fermentation and roasting on water activity, fungal growth and aflatoxin contamination of bambara groundnut (Vigana subterranea (L.) Verdc). LWT- Food Science & Technology 98: 533-539.

24. Oyedeji, A., Mellem, J. and Ijabadeniyi, O. (2018). Potential for enhanced soy storage protein breakdown and allergen reduction in soy-based foods produced with optimised sprouted soybeans. LWT – Food Science and Technology 98: 540-545.

25. Oloo, B.O., Mahungu, S., Kahi, A. and Amonsou, E.O. (2018). Quantity and functionality of protein fractions isolated from 3 ecotypes of indigenous chicken in Kenya. Food Science and Nutrition Studies 2: 70-85.

38 2017

26. Odun-Ayo, F., Mellem, J. and Reddy, L. (2017). The effect of modified citrus pectin-probiotic on faecal Lactobacilli in Balb/C mice. Food Science and Technology (Campinas) 37: 478-482.

27. Sipahli, S., Mohanlall, V. and Mellem, J. (2017). Stability and degradation kinetics of crude anthocyanin extracts from H. sabdariffa. Food Science and Technology (Campinas) 37: 209-215.

28. Mtolo, M., Gerrano, A. and Mellem, J. (2017). Effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the phenol content and in-vitro antioxidant capacity of processed cowpea (V. unguiculata) cultivars. CyTA - Journal of Food 15: 391-399.

29. Mukurumbira, A.R., Mellem, J.J. and Amonsou, E.O. (2017). Effects of amadumbe starch nanocrystals on the physicochemical properties of starch biocomposite films.Carbohydrate Polymers 165: 142-148.

30. Arise, A.K., Nwachukwu, I.D., Aluko, R.E. and Amonsou, E.O. (2017). Structure, composition and functional properties of storage proteins extracted from bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) landraces. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 52: 1211-1220.

31. Ijabadeniyi, O.A and Mnyandu. (2017). Inactivation of heat adapted and chlorine adapted Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 on tomatoes using sodium dodecyl sulphate, levulinic acid and sodium hypochlorite solution. Italian Journal of Food Safety 6: 65- 69.

32. Oladunjoye, A.O., Oyewole, S.A., Singh, S. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2017). Prediction of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 growth on fresh-cut produce treated with bacteriophage and monolaurate by using artificial neural network. LWT Food Science and Technology 76: 9-17.

33. Beswa, D., Siwela, M., Dlamini, N., Amonsou, E.O. and Kolanisi, U. (2017). Properties of provitamin A-biofortified maize stiff porridges. Human Ecology. 34. Mukurumbira, A., Mariano, M., Dufresne, A., Mellem, J. and Amonsou, E.O. (2017). Microstructure, thermal properties and crystallinity of amadumbe starch nanocrystals. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 102: 241-247.

35. Essack, H., Odhav, B. and Mellem, J. (2017). Screening of traditional South African leafy vegetables for specific anti-nutritional factors before and after processing. Food Science and Technology (Campinas) 37: 462-471.

36. Oyedeji, A.B., Sobukola, O.P., Henshaw, F., Adegunwa, M.O., Ijabadeniyi, O.A., Sanni, L.O. and Tomlins, K.I. (2017). Effect of frying treatments on texture and colour parameters of deep fat fried yellow fleshed cassava chips. Journal of Food Quality 2017: 8373801.

37. Ijabadeniyi, O.A. and Pillay, Y. (2017). Microbial safety of low water foods: Study of simulated and Durban household samples. Journal of Food Quality 2017: 4931521. 38. Naidoo, T., Gerrano, A. and Mellem, J. (2017). The effect of processing on in vitro protein and starch digestibility and predictive glycaemic index of five Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) cultivars. Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati, Fascicle VI: Food Technology 41: 31-41.

39. Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2017). Quality and safety of nanofood. In: Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Science, M.A. Axelos and M.H. Van de Voorde (eds.), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany. DOI:10.1002/9783527697724.ch17.

40. Yusuf, A., Shode, F. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2017). Nutritional and textural quality of novel non-dairy probiotic yoghurt from pigeon pea milk (Cajanus cajan). Food Science and Technology (Campinas).

41. Oladunjoye, A.O., Singh, S. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2017). Trisodium phosphate enhanced phage lysis of Listeria monocytogenes growth on fresh-cut produce. LWT - Food Science and Technology 86: 312-317.

42. Mawoyo, B., Gerrano, A., Adebola, P. and Amonsou, E.O. (2017). Effect of genotypes and growth locations on composition and functional properties of amadumbe flours.Journal of Food Science and Technology 54: 3577-3586. 2016

43. Odun-Ayo, F., Mellem, J. and Reddy, L. (2016). Improving the survival of probiotic in simulated conditions and tumor induced mice model using modified citrus pectin-alginate microencapsulation. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 13:101-09.

44. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S., Ma, Y., and Amonsou, E.O. (2016). Effect of high-pressure homogenisation on structural, thermal and rheological properties of bambara starch complexed with different fatty acids. RSC Advances 6: 80174-80180.

45. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S. and Amonsou, E.O. (2016). Effect of high pressure homogenisation on complexation of bambara starch with lysophosphatidylcholine. LWT - Food Science and Technology 74: 120-127.

46. Siwela, M. and Amonsou, E.O. (2016). Composition of proteins extracted from two species of leguminous bauhinia grains. Cereal Chemistry 93: 557-561. 47. Beswa, D., Dlamini, N.R., Amonsou, E.O., Siwela, M. and Derera, J. (2016). Effects of amaranth addition on the pro vitamin A content, and physical and antioxidant properties of extruded pro-vitamin A-biofortified maize snacks. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 96: 287-294.

48. Arise, A., Alashi, M.A., Nwachukwu, I., Ijabadeniyi, A.A., Rotimi, E., Aluko, R.E. and Amonsou, E.O. (2016). Antioxidant activities of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) protein hydrolysates and their membrane ultrafiltration fractions. Food and Function 7: 2431-2437.

49. Awobusuyi, T.D., Amonsou, E.O., Siwela, M. and Kolanisi, U. (2016). Provitamin A retention and sensory acceptability of amahewu, a non-alcoholic cereal- based beverage made with provitamin A-biofortified maize. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 96: 1356-1361.

50. Beswa, D., Siwela, M., Dlamini, N.R., Amonsou E.O. and Kolanisi, U. (2016). Effect of amaranth addition on the nutritional composition and consumer acceptability of extruded Provitamin A biofortified maize snacks. Food Science and Technology (Campinas) 36: 30-39.

51. Oladunjoye, A.O., Singh, S. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2016). Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 on fresh cut tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) using nisin combined with organic acids. Food Science and Biotechnology 25: 1491 1496.

52. Senapati, A.K., Rosma, A., Nadiah, A., Ijabadeniyi, O.A. and Olotu, O.O. (2016). Quality and safety of indigenous fermented foods. In: Indigenous Fermented Foods of South Asia, CRC Press, pp: 260-308.

53. Pandey, A., Sharma, A., Chamgonliu, P. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2016). Industrialisation, socioeconomic conditions and sustainability of indigenous fermented foods. In: Indigenous Fermented Foods of South Asia, CRC Press, pp: 830-849.

54. Oladunjoye A. O, Ijabadeniyi O.A, Singh S (2016). Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 on fresh-cut tomato using nisin in combinations with organic salts. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 47, 757 – 763.

39 2015

55. Moodley, T., Amonsou, E.O. and Kumar, S.K. (2015). Nutritional quality and acceptability of Buddleja saligna herbal tea. Journal of Food Science and Technology 52: 7519-7524.

56. Odun-Ayo, F., Mellem, J., Naicker, T. and Reddy, L. (2015). Chemoprevention of azoxymethane-induced colonic carcinogenesis in Balb/c mice using a modified pectin alginate probiotic. Anticancer Research 35: 4765-75.

57. Mellem, J., Baijnath, H. and Odhav, B. (2015). Antidiabetic potential of Brachylaena discolor. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 12: 38-44.

58. Oyeyinka, S.A., Singh, S., Adebola, P.O., Abe, S., Gerrano, A.S. and Amonsou, E.O. (2015). Physicochemical properties of starches with variable amylose contents extracted from bambara groundnut genotypes. Carbohydrate Polymers 133: 171–178.

59. Naidoo, K., Amonsou, E.O. and Oyeyinka, S. (2015). In vitro digestibility and some physicochemical properties of starch from wild and cultivated amadumbe corms. Carbohydrate Polymers 129: 9-15.

60. Arise, A.K., Amonsou, E.O. and Ijabadeniyi, O.A. (2015). Influence of extraction methods on functional properties of protein concentrates prepared from South African bambara groundnut landraces. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 50: 1095-1101.

61. Mnyandu, E., Ijabadeniyi, O.A. and Singh, S. (2015). Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 on tomatoes using sodium dodecyl sulphate, levulinic acid and sodium hypochlorite solution. Italian Journal of Food Science 27, 198 – 207.

INNOVATIONS

DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE FOOD PRODUCTS

There is growing demand for functional and health promoting food globally and in South Africa. Consumers are constantly demanding for better nutrition in Breakfast as they aim for convenience. Multilife is a ready to eat breakfast porridge made from amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta), a traditional food crop grown by small holder farmers in South Africa. The production of multilife is based on extrusion technology. It is gluten free and a good source of dietary fibre. Multilife contains slowly digestible starch as its main carbohydrate and hence it is adequate for diabetes and people interested in weight loss. The uniqueness of our product resides in its multifunctional character, naturalty and convenience. This is a unique formulation from non-conventional food crops as alternative to corn and oat-based breakfast porridges. Multilife breakfast porridge can be consumed during breakfast within families at home and also as on the go-meal. It can serve as a source of dietary fibre and could be consumed by health-conscious individuals opting for gluten free products. Multilife is an instant breakfast porridge designed to deliver taste, functionality and convenience to consumers.

40 RESEARCH FOCUS AREA WATER AND WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGY LEAD RESEARCHERS Prof. Feroz Mahomed Swalaha

NRF Rating ---

h-index (scopus) ---

Masters students (current) 2

Doctoral students (current) 1

Masters students (completed) 10

Doctoral students (completed) 6

Postdocs 2

Collaborators 1

Publications 25

National Conferences 18

International Conferences 15

Prof. Feroz Mahomed Swalaha is an Associate Professor and for viral pathogen detection in river waters. This includes the current Head of the Department of Biotechnology and development of new standards for viral pathogens in water. Food Technology at the Durban University of Technology. He He also maintains an interest in developing new technologies has worked extensively in the fields of biological wastewater for the treatment of water-borne pathogens such as virulent treatment with the aid of mathematical modelling. Prof. E. coli serotypes and surveying of pathogens such as Legionella Swalaha is currently working on assessing pathogen removal spp. in domestic settings. during wastewater treatment as well as new methods

Currently, the group is investigating: • Prevalence of pathogenic genes in E. coli and their distribution and removal during wastewater treatment • Emergent pathogens detection and quantification of the risks they pose • Viral pathogens survey and their detection along with development of new standards for these pathogens and indicators • Fate of veterinary antibiotics in wastewater treatment processes • Prevalence of pathogenic Legionella spp. in irrigation water • Cold plasma inactivation of waterborne pathogens

41 WATER AND WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH OUTPUTS

NATIONAL CONFERENCES 2016

1. Bhola, V.K., Swalaha, F.M. and Bux, F. (2016). Physiological responses of carbon sequestering microalgae to elevated carbon regimes. SASM: Environmental/ Agricultural Biotechnology Session, 18 January 2016.

2. Mogany, T., Swalaha, F.M. and Bux, F. (2016). Media and physiochemical optimisation for enhanced phycocyanin production in Cyanothece sp. SASM. Applied Biotechnology Session, 20 January 2016. 2015

3. Enitan, A.M., Kumari, S., Swalaha, F.M., Adeyemo, J. and Bux, F. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation application for the detection of methanogens in a full-scale UASB reactor treating brewery effluent. Poster presentation, South African Young Water Professionals (YWPs), Pretoria, South Africa, 16-18 November2015 .

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES 2018

1. Chollom, M.N., Rathilal, S., Swalaha, F.M., Bakare, B.F. and Tetteh, E.K. Study of the start-up of an anaerobic sludge blanket for the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater. Oral Presentation, 6th International Conference on Flood and Urban Water Management, A Coruña, Spain, 23-25 May 2018. 2017

2. Enitan, A.M., Odiyo, J.O. and Swalaha, F.M. Quantitative analysis of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) in a biogas producing reactor treating brewery wastewater. International Conference on Environment and Life Sciences, Abeokuta, Nigeria, 2-5 December 2017. 3. Enitan, A.M., Odiyo, J.O. and Swalaha, F.M. Identification of microbial community in an anaerobic reactor treating brewery wastewater. ICBBE 2017: 19th International Conference on Biological and Bioprocess Engineering, Paris, France, 20-21 November 2017. 4. Bhola, V.K., Swalaha, F.M. and Bux, F. Mitigation of carbon dioxide from synthetic flue gas using indigenous microalgae. Oral Presentation, The European Conference on Sustainability, Energy and the Environment (ECSEE2017), Brighton, United Kingdom, 7 - 9 July 2017. 5. Enitan, A.M., Swalaha, F.M., Adeyemo, J., Kumari, S. and Bux, F. Influential parameters on the performance of a full scale UASB reactor and biomethane production during brewery wastewater treatment. Oral presentation, 16th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium Integrated Water Resources Management and Infrastructure Planning for Water Security in Southern Africa Conference, Mauritius, 28-30 October 2017. 2015

6. Enitan, A.M., Adeyemo, J., Kumari, S., Swalaha, F.M. and Bux, F. Characterisation of brewery wastewater composition. Oral presentation, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology Conference, Rome, Italy, 17-18 September 2015.

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2019

1. Enitan-Folami, A.M., Mutileni, N., Odiyo, J.O., Swalaha F.M. and Edokpayi, J.N. (2019). Hydrochemical, bacteriological assessment, and classification of groundwater quality in Thulamela Municipality, South Africa: potential health risk. Human and ecological risk assessment. An International Journal. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2019.1644153

2. Odinga, C.A., Kumar, A., Mthembu, M.S., Bux, F. and Swalaha, F.M. (2019). Rhizofiltration system consisting of Phragmites australis and Kyllinga nemoralis efficiently removes metals and pathogenic microorganisms from wastewater. Desalination and Water Treatment 169: 120-132.

3. Enitan, A., Kumari, S., Swalaha, F.M., Odiyo, J.O. and Bux, F. (2019). Microbiota of a full-scale UASB reactor treating brewery wastewater using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The Open Microbiology Journal. DOI: 10.2174/1874285801913010001.

4. Mogany, T., Swalaha, F.M., Kumari, S.K. and Bux, F. (2019). Extraction and characterisation of analytical grade C-phycocyanin from a novel Euhalothece sp. Journal of Applied Phycology 31: 1661-1674.

5. Odinga, C.A., Kumar, A., Mthembu, M.S., Bux, F., Swalaha, F.M. (2019). Rhizofiltration system consisting of Phragmites australis and Kyllinga nemoralis: Evaluation of efficient removal of metals and pathogenic microorganisms. Desalination and Water Treatment 169: 120-132. 2018

6. Enitan, A., Kumari, S., Odiyo, J.O., Bux, F. and Swalaha, F.M. (2018). Principal component analysis and characterization of methane community in a full-scale bioenergy producing UASB reactor treating brewery wastewater. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 108: 1-8.

7. Mogany, T., Swalaha, F.M., Allam, M., Mtshali, P.S., Ismail, A., Kumari, S.K. and Bux, F. (2018). Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of a unique indigenous hypersaline unicellular cyanobacterium, Euhalothece sp.nov. Microbiological Research 211: 47-56.

42 2017

8. Bhola, V., Swalaha, F.M., Nasr, M. and Bux, F. (2017). Fuzzy intelligence for investigating the correlation between growth performance and metabolic yields of a Chlorella sp. exposed to various flue gas schemes. Bioresource Technology 243: 1078 -1086.

9. Chollom, M.N., Rathilal, S., Swalaha, F.M., Bakare, B.F. and Tetteh, E.K. (2017). Study of the start-up of an anaerobic sludge blanket for the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment 216: 123-130.

10. Chollom, M.N., Rathilal, S., Swalaha, F.M. and Bakare, B.F. (2017). Degradation of veterinary antibiotics from slaughterhouse wastewater using titanium dioxide as a catalyst. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment 217: 135–144.

11. Enitan, A.M., Adeyemo, J., Swalaha, F.M., Kumari, S. and Bux, F. (2017). Optimisation of biogas generation using anaerobic digestion models and computational intelligence approaches. Reviews in Chemical Engineering 33: 309-335. 2016

12. Bhola, V., Swalaha, F.M., Nasr, M., Kumari, S. and Bux, F. (2016). Physiological responses of carbon sequestering microalgae to elevated carbon regimes. European Journal of Phycology 51: 401-412. 2015

13. Enitan, A.M., Adeyemo, J., Kumari, S., Swalaha, F.M. and Bux, F. (2015). Characterisation of brewery wastewater composition. International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering 9: 919-922.

14. Deepnarain, N., Kumari, S., Ramjith, R., Swalaha, F.M., Tandoi, V., Pillay K. and Bux, F. (2015). A logistic model for the remediation of filamentous bulking in a biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plant. Water Science and Technology 72: 391-405.

15. Enitan, A.M., Swalaha, F.M., Adeyemo, J. and Bux, F. (2015). Anaerobic digestion model to enhance treatment of brewery wastewater for biogas production using UASB reactor. Environmental Modeling and Assessment 20: 673-685. BOOK CHAPTERS 2018

1. Chollom, M.N., Rathilal, S., Swalaha, F.M. and Bakare, B.F. (2018). Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment using photocatalytic systems: optimisation study. In: Advances in Composites, Biocomposites and Nanocomposites. K. Kanny (ed.), 3: pp 34-47. ISBN: 978-1-919858-30-2.

2. Mthembu, M.S., Bux, F. and Swalaha, F.M. (2018). Constructed treatment wetlands: An emerging phytotechnology for degradation and detoxification of industrial wastewaters. In: Bioremediation of Industrial Wastes for Environmental Safety. G. Saxena and R. Naresh Bharagava (eds.), Springer Nature, Singapore, pp: 397-416. DOI: 10.1201/9781315173351-15. ISBN: 978-981-13-1891-7.

OUTSTANDING PhD SCHOLARS Dr Bibhuti Ranjan

from the thermophilic fungus, Thermomyces lanuginosus and its potential applications in bioremediation and plant- growth promotion. As part of the PhD study, Dr Ranjan visited the laboratory of world-renowned structural biologist, Prof. Liang Tong from Columbia University, New York and successfully crystallised the cyanase and solved its three- Dr Ranjan’s research interests include molecular biology, dimensional structure. His work has been presented at enzymology and structural biology. He completed a PhD three National (SASM, Durban; CATSA, Cape Town) and under the supervision of Prof. S. Singh, Dr S.K. Pillai and three International (SIMB, USA) conferences. Dr Ranjan has Prof. K. Permaul on the exploration of cyanase enzyme published 4 manuscripts in international journals Dr Nanthakumar Arumugam

supervision of Dr Santhosh K. Pillai and Prof. Suren Singh. As part of his PhD study, he visited the laboratory of Dr Pieter Biely, a world famous carbohydrate biochemist at the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Slovakia. His work was presented at two national and Dr Arumugam completed his PhD on the ‘Production of one international conference. Dr Arumugam has oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass’ under the published 3 manuscripts in international journals. 43 DOCTORAL GRADUATES: BIOTECHNOLOGY

NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Dr F.M. Swalaha Microbial community analysis of a UASB reactor and Prof. F. Bux ENITAN A M application of an evolutionary algorithm to enhance Prof. J. Adeyemo wastewater treatment and biogas production Dr S. Kumari Prof. F. Bux Biodiesel production from microalgae by enzymatic

2015 GULDE A S Prof. K. Permaul Dr T. Mutanda In vitro photodynamic effect of gallium, indium and MADURAY K iron phthalocyanine chloride on different cancer cell Prof. B. Odhav lines Removal of organic and inorganic nutrients in a Dr F.M. Swalaha MTHEMBU M S constructed rhizofiltration system using macrophytes Prof. F. Bux and microbial biofilms Evaluation of seasonal impacts on nitrifiers and Prof. F. Bux AWOLUSI O O nitrification performance of a full-scale activated Dr S. Kumari sludge system Prof. B. Odhav 2016 NAICKER L Anticancer activity of Ceratotheca triloba Dr V. Mohanlall Dr M.G. Matsabisa Inhibition of colon cancer in mice by microencapsulated Dr L. Reddy ODUN-AYO F O probiotic Dr J.J. Mellem Bioactive compounds from South African plants Prof. B. Odhav SINGH A against Mycrobacterium tuberculosis Prof. Y. Coovadia

Mitigation of carbon dioxide from synthetic flue gas Prof. F. Bux BHOLA VK

2017 using indigenous microalgae Prof. F.M. Swalaha

Prof. F. Bux Assessment of microalgal ACCase and rcbL gene SINGH P Dr S. Kumari expression as a function of nutrient and metal stresses Dr A.S. Guldhe Assessment of heavy metals and pathogens removal Prof. F.M. Swalaha ODINGA CA from municipal wastewater using a constructed Prof. F. Bux 2018 rhizofiltration system Prof. F. Otieno Cloning, expression, characterisation and applications Prof. S. Singh RANJAN B of cyanase from a thermophilic fungus Thermomyces Dr S.K. Pillai lanuginosus SSBP Prof. K. Permaul

44 NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Development of a bioprocess technology for the Prof. S Singh MOONSAMY G production of Vibrio midae, a probiotic for use in Dr R Lalloo abalone aquaculture Prof. K Permaul Engineering of Sacharomyces cerevisiae strains for ZHANG M Prof. S Singh efficient utilization of xylose Prof. ZX Wang

2019 Prof. F Bux Application of lipid extracted algae in feed and energy ANSARI FA Dr SK Gupta production Dr A Guldhe

Characterisation of Opuntia phenolic extracts and Prof T Kudanga ARUWA CE enzymatic modification of selected compounds Dr SO Amoo

DOCTORAL GRADUATES: FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Composition and functional bioactive properties of Dr E.O. Amonsou ARISE A K

2016 bambara groundnut protein and hydrolysates Dr O.A. Ijabadeniyi

Effect of bacteriophage control and artificial neural Prof. O.A. Ijabadeniyi OLADUNJOYE A O networks prediction in the inactivation of Listeria Prof. S. Singh monocytogenes on fresh produce

2017 Characterisation and application of Bambara Prof. E.O. Amonsou OYENYIKA S A groundnut starch-lipid complexes Prof. S. Singh

Enzymatic modification of amadumbe flour for Prof. T. Kudanga MANHIVI V E gluten-free applications Prof. E.O. Amonsou

2018 Nutritional antioxidant and metagenomic analyses of Prof. O.A. Ijabadeniyi OYEDEJI A B ‘superfoods’ produced with sprouted soybeans Dr J.J. Mellem

Incidence of mycotoxigenic fungi during processing Prof. O.A. Ijabadeniyi OLAGUNJU OF and storage of Bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea)

2019 Dr NP Mchunu composite flour

45 MASTERS GRADUATES: BIOTECHNOLOGY

NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Studies on the cryopreservation of shoot apices from Prof. P. Berjak GEBASHE C F recalcitrant-seeded Trichilia emetic Vahl. and Trichilia Miss A.P. Makhathini dregeana Sond. Dr D. Varghese Lab-scale assessment and adaptation of wastewater RAMANNA L for cultivation of microalgal biomass for biodiesel Prof. F. Bux 2015 production Prof. B. Odhav KASUMBWE K Biological activities of synthetic coumarin derivatives Dr V. Mohanlall Dr K.N. Venugopala Pharmocological screening of substituted 1,4 Prof. B. Odhav GOVENDER R Dihdropyrimidines Dr K.N. Venugopala Pharmacological screening of synthetic piperdine Prof. B. Odhav NAICKER L derivatives Dr K.N. Venugopala Prof. S. Singh Statistical optimisation of phytase production in CHANDERMAN A Prof. K. Permaul submerged fermentation Dr A.K. Puri Prof. F. Bux Determination of the relationship between epiphytes CONCO T P Dr S. Kumari and selected filamentous bacteria in activated sludge

2016 Prof. T. Stenstrom Isolation and characterisation of prebiotic HADEBE N oligosaccharides from algal extracts and their effect Prof. B. Odhav on gut microflora Evaluation of biohydrogen production potential of Prof. F. Bux REDDY K sugarcane bagasse using activated sludge in a dark Dr S. Kumari fermentation process Dr S.K. Gupta Cloning, characterisation and directed evolution of a Prof. K. Permaul KHAN B K xylosidase from Aspergillus niger Prof. S. Singh

Cloning and expression of xylanase variants in Pichia Prof. K. Permaul GOVINDARAJALU N pastoris Prof. S. Singh

Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and wound healing MZINDLE N B Prof. B. Odhav properties of selected South African medicinal plants

Determining the efficiency of the ANAMMOX Prof. F. Bux GOKAL J process for the treatment of high-ammonia influent Dr S. Kumari 2017 wastewater Prof T.A. Stenström

Active targeting of cancer cells using gemcitabine Prof. B. Odhav ODAYAR K conjugated platinum nanoparticles Dr V. Mohanlall

A comparative microbiological assessment of Prof. T.A. Stenström SITHEBE A river basin sites to elucidate fecal impact and the Prof. F. Bux corresponding risks Dr G. Singh

46 NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Utilisation of shrimp waste for the recovery of Prof. K. Permaul DLAMINI N valuable bioactive compounds Prof. S. SIngh

Dr V. Mohanlall Isolation, characterisation and biological activities of MAMMO F K Prof. F.O. Shode terpinoids from Gunnera perpensa Prof. B. Odhav Comparative study of hydrolytic kinetics and Prof. S. Singh OKONGO R N thermodynamics of chit1 and chit1’ and applications Prof. K. Permaul of microbial chitinases Dr A.K. Puri Evaluating the suitability of waste substrates for Prof. F. Bux RAMSUNDAR P microalgal biomass production using different modes

2018 Dr A.S. Guldhe of cultivation Prof. S. Singh Production, characterisation and applications of two MAKOLOMAKWA G M Prof. K. Permaul distinct phytases from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP Dr A.K. Puri

Small laccases as catalysts for the synthesis of Prof. T. Kudanga NEMADZIVA B antioxidants Dr M. le Roes-Hill

Production of chitosan and lipids from a newly Prof. K. Permaul ZININGA J T isolated Mucor circinelloides Prof. S. Singh

Prof T A Stentrom Occurrence of vancomycin resistant enterococci MADU CE Prof P Reddy (VRE) in two Durban wastewater Dr AA Adegoke

2019 Enhancement of biohydrogen production from Dr SKK Pillai MTHETHWA NP the aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes through a dark Prof F Bux fermentation process Dr SL Kiambi

47 MASTERS GRADUATES: FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Quality and storage stability of Provitamin A Dr E.O. Amonsou AWOBUSUYI T D Biofortified Amahewu, a non-alcoholic cereal Dr M. Siwela beverage Dr O.A. Ijabadeniyi Listeria monocytogenes

2015 Inactivation of ATCC 7644 on Dr O.A. Ijabadeniyi MNYANDU E tomatoes using sodium dodecyl sulphate, levulinic Prof. S. Singh acid and sodium hypochlorite solution

Identification, characterisation, and application of a Dr J. Mellem SIPAHLI S natural food colourant from Hibiscus sabdariffa Dr V. Mohanlall

Quality and storage stability of yoghurt produced from Prof. O.A. Ijabadeniyi YUSUF AO pigeon pea milk supplemented with Propionibacterium Prof. F.O. Shode freudenreichii

2017 Influence of growth locations on physicochemical Prof. E.O. Amonsou MAWOYO B properties of starch and flour from amadumbe Dr A.S. Gerrano (Colocasia esculenta) genotypes

Characterisation and application of amadumbe starch Prof. E.O. Amonsou MUKURUMBIRA A R nanocrystals in biocomposite films Dr J.J. Mellem

Screening of traditional South African leafy vegetables Dr J.J. Mellem ESSACK H for selected anti-nutrient factors before and after Prof. B. Odhav processing

The effects of laccase and xanthan gum on the quality Prof. T. Kudanga SEKE F

2018 of gluten-free amadumbe bread Prof. E.O. Amonsou

Effect of pectin and emulsifiers on the quality and Prof. O.A. Ijabadeniyi AJIBADE BOO stability of wheat-millet-bambara composite bread Dr O. Wokadala

Characterisation of amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta) NYAWOSE ZT Prof. E.O. Amonsou

2019 mucilage and its fractions

48 48 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

Research Focus Area Computational Modelling and BioAnalytical Chemistry 51 Research Areas Ionic Liquids-Thermodynamic Properties and Biomass Processing 53 Organic Synthesis, Nano Chemistry and Green Chemistry 55 Phase Equilibria and Electroanalytical Chemistry 57 Environmental Chemistry 59

50 RESEARCH FOCUS AREA COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY GROUP OVERVIEW

The focus of this department’s research is largely based on High-Performance Computing (HPC) ranging from small organic molecules to bioactive macromolecules. Our interest includes the development of computational models for the design of more effective host-guest systems using state-of-the-art molecular dynamics and docking simulations supported by experimental studies. In addition, our research includes structural characterisation and property prediction for molecules, materials, and biological polymeric compounds. The broader goals are to design, model and fabricate smart materials doped with nanomaterials to improve drug delivery systems and biosensor technology. The experimental techniques employed in this research range from electrochemistry and capillary electrophoresis through to thermal methods. LEAD RESEARCHERS Prof. Krishna Bisetty

NRF Rating C1 h-index (scopus) 22

Masters students (current) 3

Doctoral students (current) 3

Masters students (completed) 15

Doctoral students (completed) 9

Postdocs 8

Collaborators 6

Publications 96

National Conferences 23

International Conferences 13

Prof Krishna Bisetty joined the ML Sultan Technikon in 1991, the development of biosensors. His current work is aimed at and prior to that he spent 3 years as a lecturer in chemistry trying to understand the synergy between the experimental at the Springfield College of Education. His passion for and computational approaches in addressing the mechanism Chemical Education has had a major impact on both his of electrochemical sensing of specific biosensors and teaching and research. identifying the effective factors to enhance the sensing. The His research interests are mainly focused on smart- broader goals are to design, model and fabricate doped engineered nanostructured electrode materials, modified smart materials to improve human health and biosensor electrode surfaces and single-particle characterisation for technology.

National Collaborations

Prof. Bonnex Mwakikunga, Principal Research Scientist, CSIR, Pretoria.

51 International Collaborations

Prof. Salvador Sagrado, BioAnalytical Research, University of Valencia, Spain; Prof. Ashutosh Tiwari, Materials Science, Linköping University, Sweden; Prof. Imtaiyaz Hassan, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India; Prof. Mikhael Bechelany, Institut Européen des Membranes, University of Montpellier, France.

ESTABLISHED RESEARCHER

Prof. Phumlane Selby Mdluli

h-index (scopus) 15

Masters students (current) 5

Doctoral students (current) 1

Masters students (completed) 6

Doctoral students (completed) 2

Professor Phumlane Mdluli is an associate professor in the has further assisted in a number of community development department. Prior to joining DUT, he was employed as Senior programmes including an HIV/AIDS awareness programme Scientist at Mintek. He has been trained at both Diagnostic and the SAASTA national science weeks. He is also a member Consultation and Biodot in California (USA) specifically in of the Community Leadership Education Fund (CLEF) where the development and commercialisation of in vitro diagnostic he is involved in the Buyisela Programme, a programme that devices. He has also been part of the MSc programme in offers career guidance to learners and equips them to deal nanoscience offered by the University of the Western with challenges and life at higher education sectors in South Cape, where he was conducting lectures in nanobioscience Africa. He is currently supervising five MSc students and one involving nanomedicine and nanodiagnostics. Professor Mdluli PhD student. RESEARCH FELLOW

Dr Suvardhan Kanchi

h-index (scopus) 17

Masters students (current) 3

Doctoral students (current) 1

Masters students (completed) 6

Doctoral students (completed) 1

Dr Kanchi is a research fellow in the department of Chemistry. part of his research area, utilising plant extracts to synthesise His expertise lie in the fabrication of electrochemical nano/ metal and metal oxide nanoparticles for the application to biosensors for high-intensity artificial sweeteners, bisphenols electrochemical nano/biosensors. Dr Kanchi is therefore and dye molecules. He is also interested in developing keen to develop a synergy between experimental and protocols to separate organic and inorganic molecules of computational methods. His primary mentor is Prof. K. environmental importance. Additionally, nanotechnology is Bisetty. 52 RESEARCH AREA IONIC L IQUIDS-THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND BIOMASS PROCESSING GROUP OVERVIEW

Our research focus is on the use of ionic liquids for thermophysical property determination and for biomass processing. Currently, there are three PhD and eight masters students actively engaged in projects related to this area. For biomass processing, green chemistry principles are being used for the valorisation of the biomass. Projects that are being investigated include: the use of liquid hot water for the extraction of lignin from sugarcane bagasse (SCB), the use of ionic liquids for the extraction of lignin, the use of biomass and municipal waste for biogas production, the formation of biopolymer from biomass using enzymes and the optimisation of the conversion of cellulose and to levulinic acid. Two Parr reactors and a biomethane experimental set-up are available for the research. A range of analytical techniques, such as SEM, TEM, HPLC, TGA, and DSC, FTIR, are used to characterise the component from the SCB. There are collaborations with CSIR’s FFPD at UKZN, CSIR’s NCNSM at Pretoria, and Chemical Engineering Department, UKZN.

LEAD RESEARCHERS

Prof. Nirmala Deenadayalu

NRF Rating C1 h-index (scopus) 22

Masters students (current) 8

Doctoral students (current) 3

Masters students (completed) 16

Doctoral students (completed) 2

Postdocs 5

Professor Nirmala Deenadayalu was appointed as senior professor and then to full professor in 2011. She was awarded lecturer in the Department of Chemistry at DUT in 2005. an NRF C3 rating from 2011 to 2016. Professor Deenadayalu Prior to joining DUT, she was a lecturer at UDW/UKZN from applied for revaluation of her NRF rating in 2016 which 2002 to March 2005. Before that, she was a postdoctoral was upgraded to a C2 rating. She is an NRF peer-reviewer fellow at Natal University and a lecturer on a contract basis for NRF grants and scholarships and is a recipient of NRF at ML Sultan Technikon. grants for Competitive Programme for Rated and Unrated In 2006 Prof. Deenadayalu was promoted to associate Researchers (CPRR/CPUR).

National Collaborations

Dr B. Sithole, Forestry and Forest Products Division, CSIR Durban; Prof. S. Sinha-Ray, Director: National Centre for Nanostructured Material, CSIR, Pretoria; Prof. D. Ramjugernath, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Dr D. Lokhat, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal.

53 International Collaborations

Prof. Amalendu Pal, Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, India; Dr Jason Hallett, Imperial College, London, UK; Dr Carsten Zetzl, Institut für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik Institute (Thermal Separation Process) at the Technische Universität Hamburg; Prof. Alain Dufresne of the Polytech Institute in Grenoble, France; Prof. Ramesh Chander Kuhad, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, India; Prof. R. Gardas, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India; Dr P. Venkatesu, Delhi University, Delhi, India.

54 RESEARCH AREA ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, NANO CHEMISTRY AND GREEN CHEMISTRY

GROUP OVERVIEW

The fundamental aim is to address important health issues such as cancer, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Fluorescence studies and catalysis for industrial applications are also pursued. The basic theme of the organo-synthesis laboratory is to practice green chemistry protocols, such as avoiding the use of volatile organic solvents, toxic reagents, harsh reaction conditions, and time-consuming wasteful separations. Green chemistry methodologies (such as microwave irradiation techniques) are used to assess heterogeneous catalytic systems in multi-component reaction schemes. The main focus is the synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles, elucidating their biological activity. Metal-based magnetically recoverable nano-catalysts are produced in environmentally benign solvents. This research group also investigates remediation of water polluted by dyes produced by textile effluents. This organo-synthesis group collaborates with local and international scientists in South Korea, Canada, India and South Africa.

LEAD RESEARCHERS

Prof. Robert Moonsamy Gengan

NRF Rating C3 h-index (scopus) 16

Masters students (current) 6

Doctoral students (current) 1

Masters students (completed) 8

Doctoral students (completed) 5

Postdocs 4

Collaborators 4

Publications 43

National Conferences 1

International Conferences 14

Professor Gengan joined the department of Chemistry in biological activities. The aim is to synthesize new organic 1985 and is a Full Professor. His areas of expertise include molecules which can used to address health issues such as the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles and identification of HIV/AIDS, TB, Malaria and Cancer. In these projects, he natural products from plants. His current research focuses uses the multi-component strategy as a Green Chemistry on the synthesis and characterization of novel quinoline/ approach to solving synthetic problems. quinolone-based heterocycles and elucidation of their

55 National Collaborations

Prof. Anil Chuturgoon, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Prof. Sunil Singh, Department of Biomedical Resource Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal. International Collaborations

Prof. A. Ata, Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Canada; Prof. P.S. Mohan, Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India; Prof. H.H. Lee, Bio and Nano Chemistry, Kookmin University, South Korea; Prof. P. Pitchai, Government Arts College, Kumbakonam, India; Prof. M. Ilanchelian, Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India; Prof. C.H. Lin, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan; Prof. T.J. Yenb, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.

POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS

Dr Arul Murugesan

Dr A. Murugesan completed his PhD degree in three Molecular docking and anti-microbial activities were included years, under the guidance of Prof. R.M. Gengan as his sole in his dissertation. Dr Arul commented, “The PhD studies supervisor. The title of his dissertation was ‘Synthesis of has exposed me to solving chemical problems in a logical nitrogen heterocycles and chalcones using multi-component scientific research-oriented approach and has invigorated reactions: A spectral and protein binding investigation’. my analytical and experimental skills”. He has published eight Herein he synthesised over 100 novel compounds by the research manuscripts in highly rated journals and presented multi-component reaction approach. In addition, he prepared his research at three international conferences. In 2018, Dr several new catalysts, all of which were highly recyclable Arul Murugesan was appointed as a post-doctoral fellow in and thereby endorsed the Green Chemistry philosophy. the Organic Synthesis and Nanochemistry research group.

56 RESEARCH AREA PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY GROUP OVERVIEW

This research group mainly focuses on the study of phase equilibria, the thermophysical and acoustic properties of binary and ternary mixtures, as well as related correlation of experimental data. There is a constant need for new phase equilibrium data for the design of separation equipment, and in terms of this the synthesis of ionic liquids, their characterisation, and applications were also performed. In addition, the group is actively involved in the electroanalytical and nano-chemistry research field, relating to the development of highly sensitive electrochemical sensors, especially for various pharmaceutical applications. Nanomaterials were successfully synthesised via green methods from biological and industrial waste materials, followed by the study of their various applications in pharmaceutical industries.

LEAD RESEARCHERS

Prof. Gyanasivan Govindsamy Redhi

NRF Rating C3 h-index (scopus) 17

Masters students (current) 2

Doctoral students (current) 3

Masters students (completed) 5

Doctoral students (completed) 5

Postdocs 2

Collaborators 6

Publications 69

National Conferences 9

International Conferences 15

Professor Redhi joined the department in 1984 and is an properties of liquid mixtures related to the petrochemical Associate Professor. His areas of expertise include phase industry. In addition his interests further lie in the fabrication equilibria, chemical thermodynamics, electrochemistry, of sensitive biosensors enhanced by the use of nano particles separation technology, material science and nano and selective ionic liquids, for use in the pharmaceutical technology. His current research focuses on separation of industry. organic solvents using ionic liquids as well as thermophysical

National Collaborations

Prof. E. Ebenso, North West University, South Africa; Prof. D. Ramjugernath, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.

57 International Collaborations

Prof. Pannuru Venkatesu, University of Delhi, India; Prof. Nimmagadda Jyothi, Sri Venkateswara University, India; Prof. Urszula Domańska, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland; Asst. Prof. Thangavel Karthick, SASTRA University, India.

POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS

Dr Rajasekhar Chokkareddy

Dr Rajasekhar Chokkareddy’s main research interest is fabricated electrochemical sensors for the detection of focused on the synthesis of various nanoparticles by using organic compounds with high biological importance, present the green synthesis methods. He has good expertise in several food and pharmaceutical samples. He is also in the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors for the involved in the measurement of thermophysical properties determination of anti-tuberculosis, anti-asthma, anti-cancer of binary and ternary liquid systems, under the mentorship and anti-HIV/AIDS drugs. At present, he is developing the of Prof. G.G. Redhi. functionalised nanoparticles/enzyme immobilised

58 RESEARCH AREA ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY GROUP OVERVIEW

The environmental research focus area deals mainly with the synthesis, fabrication, functionalisation, and characterisation of molecularly imprinted polymers as well as AuNPs. These materials are applied in the environmental monitoring of organic pollutants. The majority of the work involves the identification and quantitation of various classes of pharmaceuticals that include antiretroviral drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and steroid hormones in aqueous samples, and sediments and aquatic plants using chromatographic techniques. In collaboration with other colleagues, the group computationally investigates the interactions or mechanisms that influence the uptake of water pollutants using materials synthesised by our research group. Furthermore, the colorimetric microfluidic paper devices for detection of these pollutants in wastewater are fabricated.

LEAD RESEARCHERS Dr Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela

NRF Rating C3 h-index (scopus) 17

Masters students (current) 2

Doctoral students (current) 3

Masters students (completed) 5

Doctoral students (completed) 5

Postdocs 2

Collaborators 6

Publications 69

National Conferences 9

International Conferences 15

Dr Lawrence Madikizela joined the department of Chemistry the development of sample preparation methods such as at DUT as a lecturer in 2011 and was promoted to a senior hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction and solid-phase lecturer position in 2017. In 2018 he received the prestigious microextraction for extraction and pre-concentration of South African Chromatographer of the Year Award, DUT organic compounds in water and food samples. Removal of Junior Researcher of the Year Award and became an NRF Y2 organic pollutants in water is investigated using plant species, rated scientist. The scope of the research covers the synthesis natural and synthetic polymers. The analytical methods are of molecularly imprinted polymers and their application as optimised and validated using statistical software packages. solid-phase extraction sorbents. The work also focuses on

National Collaborations

Prof. L. Chimuka, Prof. H. Tutu and Dr H. Richards, University of Witwatersrand; Dr B. Newman, CSIR; Prof. V.E. Pakade, Vaal University of Technology; Dr N.T. Tavengwa, University of Venda; Dr P.N. Mahlambi, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg campus; Prof. M.M. Nindi and Dr S. Ncube, University of South Africa; Dr C. Rimayi, Department of Water and Sanitation. 59 International Collaborations

Dr K. Ndungu, Dr Rachel Hurley and Dr Steven Brooks, NIVA

EMERGING RESEARCHERS Dr Vimla Paul

h-index (google scholar) 4

Masters students (current) 4

Doctoral students (current) 1

Collaborators 2

Publications 5

National Conferences 5

International Conferences 8

Dr Vimla Paul joined the department in 1989 and is sanitary pads will address the socio-economic needs of rural currently a Senior Lecturer. Her areas of expertise include women by providing employment and accessibility to cost biocomposites, biomaterials, nanomaterials and beneficiation effective basic needs that will allow girls to attend school of agricultural waste materials. Her current research regularly. The fundamental need of addressing environmental focuses on the formulation of biodegradable products from concerns will be accomplished by producing biodegradable agricultural waste fibres, including the design and formulation products. Her interests further lie in producing bioethanol of a biodegradable sanitary pad mainly for rural women. The from banana plants and sugar cane bagasse.

Dr Thabang Hendrica Mokhothu

h-index (google scholar) 10

h-index (scopus) 9

Masters students (current) 1

Doctoral students (current) 1

Collaborators 5

Publications 24

National Conferences 1

International Conferences 4

Dr Thabang Mokhothu is a senior lecturer in the Department conventional mechanical compounding of preformed filler of Chemistry, having joined DUT in March 2018. He obtained particles with rubber. his PhD in 2014 from the University of the Free State. His PhD His research interests are based on natural fiber reinforced titled ‘In situ preparation and properties of rubber/inorganic polymer composites derived from renewable resources; oxide nanocomposites’ focused on the preparation of a the development of filtration membranes derived from filled elastomer by means of the non-conventional bottom- agricultural residue and inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles up approach to polymer composites, alternatively with the for heavy metal adsorption.

60 Dr Myalowenkosi Sabela

NRF Rating Y2

Dr Myalowenkosi Innocent Sabela, a lecturer in the Montpellier (France) for 2014-2015. He was appointed as a Department of Chemistry, obtained his PhD in 2018 under full-time lecturer in the Department of Chemistry, Durban the supervision of Professor K. Bisetty. His PhD thesis entitled University of Technology in 2017. ‘Interaction studies of nanomaterials with plasma proteins Dr Sabela’s current research focuses on smart bio-device using experimental and computational methods’ involved an platforms in biosensor technology. The broader goals are exploration of the interactions of nanomaterials with proteins to design, model and fabricate doped smart materials to using computational and experimental techniques. In 2014 improve biosensing systems by incorporating electroactive he was awarded the doctoral student Erasmus Mundus biomacromolecules onto nanostructured electrode materials Action 2 Partnership project called EUROSA to undertake a for the design of biosensors tailored for applications in the 10-month exchange study visit as part of his PhD studies at environmental, food and health sectors. the European Institute of Membranes (UMR CNRS 5635) in

Dr Talent Makhanya

h-index (google scholar) 2

h-index (scopus) ---

Masters students (current) 4

Doctoral students (current) ---

Dr Makhanya joined the department of Chemistry in 2018 inflammatory activities, through collaboration. His and is a Lecturer. His areas of expertise include designing, interest further lie in development of new green synthesis and characterisation of organic molecules methodology to afford efficient and rapid synthesis of (heterocyclic) which belong to these classes: potentials drugs using multicomponent reaction. The naphthyridines, pyrazoles, indole-pyrazoles, coumarin synthesised heterocyclic molecules are also used as ligands pyrazole and amino-phosphonates. He evaluates the for preparation of nanoparticles for various applications in biological effect synthesised molecules by assessing their chemistry and this is attained through collaboration. anti-microbial, anti-mosquito, anti-cancer and anti-

61 RETIREES IN CHEMISTRY Dr Krishan Ramluckan

Dr Krishnan Ramluckan was a senior lecturer in the at a laboratory scale. Wastewater research focuses on the Department of Chemistry and obtained his PhD in 2015 prevalence of antibiotics in wastewater, and the recycling of under the supervision of Professor K.G. Moodley and industrial effluent to produce potable water. Professor Faizal Bux. His PhD ‘Biodiesel and waste water The experimental techniques used include atomic research’ focused primarily on protocols relating to the spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and chromatography. Wet development and optimisation of technology for the chemistry techniques were also employed. Dr Ramluckan production of biodiesel using algal biomass. has one book chapter published from his doctoral thesis. This included the characterisation of biodiesel produced Dr Mbongeni Hezekia Mabaso Dr Mbongeni Mabaso was a senior lecturer in the Department efficiency of ionic liquids for the extraction of aromatic of Chemistry, obtained his PhD in 2016 under the supervision components from catalytic reformates and paint solvent of Professor K.G. Moodley and Professor G.G. Redhi. His wastes. PhD ‘Ionic liquids: synthesis, characterisation and industrial The methods used in this area are progressively being applications’ largely focuses on the synthesis, characterisation validated using the aromatic solvents – benzene, toluene, and application of ionic liquids and organometallic catalysts. ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) – in multi-component The work being carried out on ionic liquids involves multi- organic mixtures. Dr Mabaso has three published papers component liquid-liquid extractions. arising from his doctoral thesis. He is also co-supervising two The purpose is to continuously evaluate the efficacy and masters students on catalysis. HONORARY RESEARCH PROFESSOR Prof. K.G. Moodley

Professor M. Roopan of the Chemistry Department of As a renowned inorganic chemist, Professor K.G. Moodley Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India, on joined the Department of Chemistry at DUT on 1 April nanoparticle syntheses and applications to catalysis. 1998. Since joining DUT, he has been instrumental in the His research interests include metal speciation related to successful supervision of 16 masters and two doctoral environmental chemistry, synthesis and application of students. He has 55 publications in peer-reviewed ionic liquids to extractions of solutes from mixtures and journals and has participated in several local and synthesis and applications of nanoparticles to international conferences. His current collaboration is with wastewater research and catalysis. 62 RESEARCH OUTPUTS

NATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Bisetty, K., Darumas, A. and Tri Murti, B. Biosensing sensing of DNA damage in Alzheimer’s disease Experimental and computational studies on. Centre for High Performance Computing National Conference, Pretoria, South Africa 1-5 December 2019. 2. Kabane, B., Redhi, G.G. Methyltrioctylammonium Chloride as a separation agent for binary mixtures: Evaluation based on experimental activity coefficients. International Conference on Separation Science and Techniques (ICSST 2019), World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Cape Town, South Africa, 04 November - 05 November 2019. 3. Armah, E., Chetty, M., Deenadayalu, N. (Oral). Anaerobic co-digestion of sugarcane bagasse and corn silage with industrial wastewater for biogas production. SACI/ ChromSA Postgraduate Research Colloquium,. Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa 6th March 2019. Best PhD oral presentation award. 2018

4. Madikizela, L.M., Nkwentsha, N., Mlunguza, N.Y. and Mdluli, P.S. Characterisation and in vitro evaluation of the sun protection factor of cosmetic products made from natural clay material. Poster Presentation, Analitika 2018, Mookgophong, South Africa, 22-25 July 2018. 5. Sibeko, P.A., Naicker, D., Mdluli, P.S. and Madikizela, L.M. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug residues in river water, sediments and aquatic plant species of Mbokodweni River in South Africa. Oral presentation, Analitika 2018, Mookgophong, South Africa, 22-25 July 2018. 6. Bisetty, K., Darumas, A. and Tri Murti, B. Fabrication of graphene based aptasensors for early detection of prostate cancer by experimental and computational techniques. 7Th International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Africa, South African NanoTechnology Iniative, SANiSalt Rock Hotel and Conference Centre, Durban, 22-25 April 2018.

7. Hloma, P., Sabela, M., Kanchi, S. and Bisetty, K. Synthesis and characterisation of ZnO nanoparticles. 3rd International Conference on Composites, Biocomposites and Nano Composites (ICCBN-2018), Port Elizabeth, 7-9 November 2018. 8. Madhura, L., Singh, S. and Bisetty, K. 3D-QSAR model to remove selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products from wastewater treatment plants. 3rd International Conference on Composites, Biocomposites and Nano Composites (ICCBN-2018), Port Elizabeth, 7-9 November 2018. 9. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S. and Singh, S. A preliminary investigation on the buffering and acid resistant properties of a novel dental eggshell-titanium dioxide material. ISERD 355th International Conference on Medical and Health Sciences (ICMHS), Cape Town, South Africa, 28-29 March 2018. 10. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S. and Singh, S. In vitro investigation on the acid-resistant properties of a modified eggshell titanium dioxide composite. SACI 2018 Postgraduate Colloquium, Durban, South Africa, 2 February 2018. 11. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S. and Singh, S. An in vitro assessment on the buffering and acid-resistant properties of a nano-dental eggshell-titanium dioxide material. Poster-presentation, NanoAfrica 2018 Conference. 12. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S. and Singh, S. Exploring the potential of a modified nano-dental eggshell-titanium dioxide material against erosive acids. 25th International Conference on Dental Treatment, Hilton Zurich Airport, Switzerland, September 10-11 2018. 13. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S. and Singh, S. The remineralisation potential of a modified eggshell-titanium composite. 3rd International Conference of Composite and Biocomposite, Port Elizabeth, 57, 2018. 14. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S. and Singh, S. An in situ evaluation of the acid resistant and remineralisation characteristics of eggshell-titanium dioxide composite. 3rd Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation Conference, Durban, South Africa, 18 - 20 September 2018. 15. Nxumalo, N.L., Onwubu, S.C., Madikizela, L.M. and Mdluli, P.S. Development of a paper-based microfluidic device for the quantification of ammonia. SACI Postgraduate Colloquium, Durban, South Africa, 2 February 2018. 16. Nxumalo, N.L. and Mdluli, P.S. Development of a microfluidic paper based analytical device for the quantification of ammonia in wastewater. 8th DAAD South Africa Conference, Durban, South Africa, 7-9 September 2018. 17. Armah, E.K., Chetty, M. and Deenadayalu, N. Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural biomass with industrial wastewater for biogas production. Poster presentation, SAIChE KZN Research Day, UKZN, Durban, 15 August 2018 [Best poster presentation award]. 18. Zondo, S. Production and characterisation of PHB from an agricultural by-product (corn silage) using Bacillus thrungiensis CICM (B2031) (IRIC/2018/066). 3rd Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation Conference, DUT, Coastlands on Ridge, Durban, KZN, South Africa, 18-20 September 2018. 19. Mdletshe, G., Ray, S.S. and Deenadayalu, N. Thermal and mechanical properties of sugarcane bagasse and nanocellulose reinforced polylactide biocomposites: a comparative study. Poster, International Conference on Composites, Biocomposites and Nanocomposites, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 7-9 November 2018. 20. Mthembu, L.D., Deenadayalu, N. and Lokhat, D. Optimisation of reaction conditions for the production of levulinic acid from depithed sugarcane bagasse conversion in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [EMim][HSO4] using a Box-Behnken design. Poster, 43rd SACI National Convention, CSIR-ICC, Pretoria, South Africa, 2-7 December 2018. 21. Armah, E., Chetty, M. and Deenadayalu, N. Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural biomass with industrial wastewater for biogas production. Poster, 4th National Conference on Global Change, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, Limpopo, South Africa, 3-6 December 2018. 22. Tiloke, C., Phulukdaree, A., Gengan, R.M., Chuturgoon, A.A. Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells. First Conference of Biomedical and Natural Sciences and Therapeutics, CoBNeST 2018: Interdisciplinary Scientific Excellence, held at Spier Estate, Stellenbosch, 7-10 October 2018. 2017

23. Bisetty, K., Darumas, A., Tri Murti, B., Sabela, M., Kanchi, S. and Tiwari, A. Computational modeling to support the development of biosensing devices. CHPC National Conference 2017, Velmoré Hotel Estate, Pretoria, 3-7 December 2017. 24. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S., Singh, S. and Bharuth, V. An in vitro examination on the effectiveness of commercial toothpaste in the prevention of tooth decay using eggshell as the substitute for human tooth. 318th International Conference on Medical and Health Sciences (ICMHS), Cape Town, South Africa, 28-29 December 2017.

63 25. Nxumalo, N.L., Onwubu, S.C. and Mdluli, P.S. The efficacy of a simple microfluidic paper in the quantification of liquid ammonia. DUT 2nd Interdisciplinary Research, Innovation and Postgraduate Conference, Durban, South Africa, 13-15 June 2017. 26. Mgxadeni, N. and Deenadayalu, N. Thermodynamic properties of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate with pyridine, acetonitrile and thiophene and p = 1 bar. Poster, Inorganic Conference 2017 and Carman Physical Chemistry Symposium, South African Chemical Institute, Arabella Hotel and Spa, Hermanus, Western Cape, 25 – 29 June 2017. 27. Mdletshe, G.P., Deenadayalu, N. and Ray, S.S. Preparation and characterisation of cellulose nano crystals (CNCs) from sugarcane bagasse using ionic liquid (1-butyl- 3-methyllimidazolium hydrogen sulphate)-DMSO mixtures. 90th Annual Congress of SASTA, ICC Durban, 15-17 August 2017. 28. Zunngu, S.S., Madikizela, L.M., Chimuka, L. and Mdluli, P.S. Synthesis and characterisation of molecularly imprinted polymer for selective solid-phase extraction of Ketoprofen in aqueous samples. ChromSAAMS2016, Riverside Sun, Vanderbijlpark, Gauteng, 2017. 2016

29. Madikizela, L.M. and Chimuka, L. Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac in wastewater treatment plants. ChromSAAMS 2016, Riverside Sun Hotel, Vanderbjl Park, South Africa, 11-14 September 2016. 2015

30. Madikizela, L.M. and Chimuka, L. Synthesis, characterisation and molecular structure of multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer for selected acidic pharmaceuticals. 42nd National Convention of the South African Chemical Institute (SACI), Southern Sun Elangeni Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 29 November- 4 December 2015. 31. Chule, S. and Deenadayalu, N. Thermodynamic properties of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulphate with nitrogen and sulphur compounds at T = (298.15 -318.15) K and P = 1 bar. 42nd National Convention of the South African Chemical Institute (SACI), Southern Sun Elangeni Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 29 November - 4 December 2015. 32. Shahbaaz, M. and Bisetty, K. Understanding the structural diversity of kallikreins: Targets for anticancer therapy. 42nd National Convention of the South African Chemical Institute (SACI), Southern Sun Elangeni Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 29 November - 4 December 2015. 33. Hlongwa, N., Sithole, B., Deenadayalu, N. and Andrew, J. Effect of mechanical and chemical pulping on ionic liquid fractionation of wood chips. 42nd National Convention of the South African Chemical Institute (SACI), Southern Sun Elangeni Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 29 November - 4 December 2015. 34. Mthembu, L., Deenadayalu, N. and Reddy, P. Production of levulinic acid from sugarcane bagasse. 42nd National Convention of the South African Chemical Institute (SACI), Southern Sun Elangeni Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 29 November- 4 December 2015. 35. Mohale, T. and Deenadayalu, N. Liquid-liquid equilibria data for the aezotrope {Methanol + Water} and ionic liquid using DSA 5000M. 42nd National Convention of the South African Chemical Institute (SACI), Southern Sun Elangeni Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 29 November - 4 December 2015. 36. Mgxadeni, N., Deenadayalu, N. and Naidoo, P. Density, speed of sound, refractive index for [BMIM][NO3] mixtures and activity coefficients at infinite dilution for HDABCO ionic liquids. 42nd National Convention of the South African Chemical Institute (SACI), Southern Sun Elangeni Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 29 November - 4 December 2015. 37. Mkhize, T., Deenadayalu, N., Reddy, P., Chambon, C. and Hallett, J. Pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with ionic liquids and characterisation. 42nd National Convention of the South African Chemical Institute (SACI), Southern Sun Elangeni Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 29 November - 4 December 2015. 38. Tshemese, I., Revaprasadu, N. and Deenadayalu, N. Synthesis and characterisation of CdS nanoparticles by the reaction of cadmium acetate dihydrate with 1-dodecanothiol in an imidazolium based ionic liquid. 42nd National Convention of the South African Chemical Institute (SACI), Southern Sun Elangeni Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 29 November - 4 December 2015. 39. Gengan, R.M., Pitchai, P., Sathiyaseelan, M. and Nepolraj, A. An elegant synthesis of indoloquinoline alkaloid cryptotackiene via the Vilsmeier Haack approach. 42nd National Convention of the South African Chemical Institute (SACI), Southern Sun Elangeni Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 29 November - 4 December 2015. 40. Bhajanthri, N.K., Xhakaza, N.M. and Redhi, G.G. Sensitive voltammetric determination of acetaminophen in various pharmaceutical samples. 2nd International Conference on Composite and Biocomoposite of Nano Composites (ICCBN 2015), Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 28-30 October 2015.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Bisetty, K., Darumas, A. and Tri Murti, B. Experimental and computational studies on sensing of DNA damage in Alzheimer’s disease. 70th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Durban, South Africa 4-9 August 2019. 2. Gengan, RM., Londeka, K. and Kaunda, T.P. Effective Removal of Textile Dyes from Aqueous Mixture by Activated Carbon Prepared from Garden Weed, The 5th International Conference on Scientific Research ISR-2019, Tanta University, Egypt March 26-28 2019. 3. Tiloke, C., Anand, K., Gengan, R.M., Chuturgoon, A.A. Niazimicin and its phytonanoparticle modulate Caspase-9 splice variants, IAP’s and NFκB signalling in lung cancer cells. NanoWorld 2019: Using Science and Technology for a Just World held in Paris, France 04-06 March 2019. 4. Mthembu, L.D., Ntombela, G., Lokhat, D. and Deenadayalu, N. Valorization of Sugarcane Bagasse to a Platform Chemical Levulinic Acid catalysed by 1- Butyl - 2, 3 - Dimethylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate [BMMim] [BF4]. ISGC 2019, La Rochelle, France May 13 -17 2019. 5. Deenadayalu, N. and Gnana, G.C. Comparison of lignin yield from sugarcane bagasse using liquid hot water and ionic liquids and ionic liquids only. ECCE12 & ECAB5, Florence, Italy 15-19 September May 13-17 2019. 6. Armah, E.K., Chetty, M. and Deenadayalu, N. Biomethane potential of agricultural biomass with industrial wastewater for biogas production. PRES’19 Conference, Crete in Greece 20–23 October 2019. 7. Armah, E.K., Chetty, M. and Deenadayalu, N. Effect of Particle Size on Biogas Generation from Sugarcane Bagasse and Corn Silage. PRES’19 Conference, Crete in Greece 20–23 October 2019 8. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S. and Singh, S. A seven day in situ Assessment on the Dentine Tubules Occluding characteristics of a modified Nano-Eggshell/Titanium dioxide Biocomposite. In: International Dental Forum, London, United Kingdom 15-7 July 2019. 9. Chokkareddy, R., Thondavada, N. and Redhi, G.G. A novel ionic liquid based electrochemical sensor for detection of pyrazinamide. International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICNAN 2019), held by Center for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India, 29 November – 1 December 2019. 64 10. Redhi, G.G., and Chokkareddy, R. A Facile electrochemical sensor based on ionic liquid functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes for detection of isoniazid. International Conference on Bioinformatics Research and Applications (ICBRA 2019), held by College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, South Korea, 19-21 December 2019. 11. Chokkareddy, R., Thondavada, N. and Redhi, G.G. “Fabricating a novel electrochemically modified glassy carbon electrode based on ionic liquid for detection of pyrazinamide in pharmaceutical samples”. National Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Functional Materials (PCFM 2019), held by Department of Physics, GITAM University, Hyderabad and Naval Research Board, DRDO, India. 21-22 February 2019. 2018

12. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S. and Singh, S. A novel application of nanoeggshell/titanium dioxide composite on occluding dentine tubules: An in vitro study. E-poster presentation, 24th International Conference on Dental Public Health and Dental Hygiene, Madrid, Spain, 16-17 August 2018. 13. Mbhele, Z.M.E., Ncube, S., Mdluli, P.S. and Madikizela, L.M. Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction of fenoprofen from wastewater followed by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Oral Presentation, International Conference on Pure and Applied Chemistry, Flic En Flac, Mauritius, 2-6 July 2018. 14. Deenadayalu, N., Hlongwa, N., Sithole, B. and Andrew, J. Optimisation of cellulose recovery using [AMIM][Cl] ionic liquid on mechanical and kraft pulp obtained from Eucalyptus Grandis. Oral, ISSP 2018, Tours, France, 15-20 July 2018. 15. Mgxadeni, N., Deenadayalu, N., Ramjugernath, D. and Naidoo, P. Activity coefficients at infinite dilution for organic solutes in the ionic liquid: 1- butyl-3- methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate using gas liquid chromatography at T = (313.15, 323.15 and 333) K. Poster, ISSP 2018, Tours, France, 15-20 July 2018. 16. Mdletshe, P.G., Deenadayalu, N. and Ray, S.S. Preparation and characterisation of cellulose nano crystals from bagasse using ionic liquid-DMSO mixtures. Oral, 2nd ICEGCE, Barcelona, Spain, 23-24 July 2018. 17. Mthembu, L.D., Deenadayalu, N. and Lokhat, D. The production of levulinic acid from depithed sugarcane bagasse conversion in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [EMim][HSO4] using a Box-Behnken design. Oral, 8th IUPAC International Conference on Green Chemistry, Bangkok, Thailand, 9-14 September 2018. 18. Gengan, R.M. and Murugesan, A. A novel re-usable boron nitride based sulphonic acid catalyst for the synthesis of piperazinyl-quinolinyl prop-2-en-1-one chalcone derivatives and its emission properties. ICCCE 2018, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 9-13 July 2018. 2017

19. Madikizela, L.M. and Chimuka, L. Synthesis and application of multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer in the solid phase extraction of acidic pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Oral Presentation, XIX Euroanalysis, Stockholm, Sweden, 28 August – 1 September 2017. 20. Chokkareddy, R. and Redhi, G.G. An enzyme induced novel biosensor for the sensitive electrochemical determination of isoniazid. International Conference of Molecular Spectroscopy (ICMS 2017), Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India, 8-10 December 2017. 21. Chokkareddy, R. and Redhi, G.G. Development of robust ionic liquid based electrochemical sensor for the determination of lamivudine: An effective anti-HIV drug. 2nd Global Congress and Expo on Material Science and Nanoscience, Valencia, Spain, 25-27 September 2017. 22. Paul, V., Kanny, K. and Redhi, G.G. A bio-composite made from non-woven banana fibres and banana sap-based bio-resin. 5th International Conference on Multifunctional, Hybrid and Nanomaterials, Lisbon, Portugal, 6-10 March 2017. 23. Vasanthakumar, A., Gengan, R.M. and Redhi, G.G. Novel ionic liquid bonded magnetic nanoparticle decorated zeolite nanocomposite for excellent catalytic reduction of dyes. Nanotech France 2017 International Conference and Exhibition, Le Perreux Sur Marne, Paris, France, 28-30 June 2017. 24. Gengan, R.M. and Murugesan, A. Preparation and characterisation of a boron nitride fused sulfonic acid catalyst for the synthesis of new active acridine derivatives. 5th Annual International Conference on Chemistry, Athens, Greece, 17-20 July 2017. 25. Murugesan, A. and Gengan, R.M. Synthesis and characterisations of boron nitride based propyl triethylenetetramine sulfonic acid catalyst. International Conference on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Saidabad, Allahabad, India, 1-3 March 2017. 26. Tiloke, C., Phulukdaree, A., Gengan, R.M., Chuturgoon, A.A. Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells. 2017. Abstract proceedings of Drug Designing 6:3 (DOI: 10.4172/2169-0138-C1-014). 4th Annual Congress on Drug Discovery & Designing,

Bangkok, Thailand July 03-04 2017. 2016

27. Madikizela, L.M. and Chimuka, L. Synthesis, characterisation, adsorption and selectivity studies of a multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer. The 9th International Conference on Molecular Imprinting, Lund, Sweden, 26-30 June 2016. 28. Arumugam, A., Redhi, G.G. and Gengan, R.M. Efficient catalytic activity of ionic liquid-supported NiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticle doped titanium dioxide nano- composite. 7th International Conference on Chemical Engineering and Applications (CCEA 2016), Shanghai, China, 7-9 July 2016. 29. Mabaso, M.H., Moodley, K.G. and Redhi, G.G. Spent paint solvent recoveries by ionic liquids: Potential for industrial applications. 18th International Conference on Liquid Matter Modern Problems, Singapore, 2016. 30. Gengan, R.M., Raghunath, S. and Anand, K. Reflection of gold nanoparticles capped with novel thiazolidine polymer in dye reduction. 42nd International Conference on Coordination Chemistry (ICCC2016), Brest, France, 3-8 July 2016. 31. Tiloke, C., Phulukdaree, A., Anand, K., Gengan, R.M., Chuturgoon, A.A. Moringa oleifera gold nanoparticles modulate oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and caspase-9 splice variants in A549 cells. 2016. Abstract proceedings of Journal of Cancer Science and Therapy (8:5(Suppl)) Cancer Diagnostics Conference and Expo, Rome, Italy 13-15th June 2016. DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.C1.067 2015

32. Bisetty, K., Bathinapatla, A., Kanchi, S., Singh, P. and Sabela, M.I. Construction of chymotrypsin and L-amino acid oxidase dual enzyme based biosensor for the detection of neotame. Advanced Materials World Congress, Stockholm, Sweden, 23-26 August 2015. 33. Bisetty, K., Sabela, M.I., Mpanza, T., Kanchi, S. and Sharma, D. Electrochemical sensing platform amplified with a nanobiocomposite of L-Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase enzyme for the detection of capsaicin. International Conference on Pure and Applied Chemistry, Mauritius, 18-22 July 2015.

34. Thandeka, M., Lethiwe, M., Deenadayalu, N., Reddy, P., Kaur, A. and Kuhad, R. Enzymatic saccharification of acid/alkali pretreated mill-run sugarcane bagasse. International Biorefinery for Food, Fuels and Materials Symposium, Montpellier SupAgro, France, 15-17 June 2015. 35. Mbalenhle, B.N. and Deenadayalu, N. Thermophysical properties of biofuel components derived from biomass. International Biorefinery for Food, Fuels and Materials Symposium, Montpellier SupAgro, France, 15-17 June 2015.

65 36. Mthembu, L., Mkhize, T., Kaur, A., Kuhad, R., Deenadayalu, N. and Reddy, P. Enzymatic saccharification of acid alkali pre-treated depithed sugarcane bagasse. 7th International Conference on Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Hitotshubashi University, Takebashi, Tokyo, Japan, 5-8 July 2015. 37. Deenadayalu, N. Extraction of value-added components from sugarcane bagasse. 7th International Conference on Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Hitotshubashi University, Takebashi, Tokyo, Japan, 5-8 July 2015. 38. Gengan, R.M. and Krishnan, A. Farm waste mediated green synthesis of crystalline palladium nanoparticles using moringa oleifera and their A549 lung cell line and catalytic activities. Oral presentation, Guilin Bravo Hotel, Guilin, China, 2015. 39. Gengan, R.M, Singh, Y., Raghunath, S. and Vasanthakumar, A. Synthesis and characterisation of bimetallic silver copper nanoparticle composites supported by novel L-proline based polymer. Second International Conference on Composites Biocomposites and Nanocomposites, Durban University of Technology, FNB Theatre (DUT), 2015. 40. Raghunath, S., Anand, K. and Gengan, R.M. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles capped with thiazolidine polymer and its application in dye reduction. Second International Conference on Composites Biocomposites and Nanocomposites, Durban University of Technology, FNB Theatre (DUT), 2015. 41. Anand, K., Gengan, R.M., Phulukdaree, A. and Chuturgoon, A.A. 3-Amino-9-ethyl carbazole functionalised gold nanoparticles: Synthesis and anticancer activity. Second International Conference on Composites Biocomposites and Nanocomposites, Durban University of Technology, FNB Theatre (DUT), 2015.

42. Thangaraj, M., Anand, K., Mahalingam, S. and Gengan, R.M. Efficient one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4h-pyran-3 carbonitriles catalyzed by calcium-boron nitride frameworks. Second International Conference on Composites Biocomposites and Nanocomposites, Durban University of Technology, FNB Theatre (DUT), 2015. 43. Mahalingam, S., Thangaraj, M., Anand, K. and Gengan, R.M. Zinc boron nitride: a novel heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of medicinally important 2-phenyl-1h-benzo[D]imidazole. Second International Conference on Composites Biocomposites and Nanocomposites, Durban University of Technology, FNB Theatre (DUT), 2015. 44. Bhajanthri, N.K. and Redhi, G.G. Nano composite based electrochemical sensor for the determination of L-ascorbic acid in food and pharmaceutical samples. International Conference on Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (NANOS-2015), GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, 14-17 December 2015. 45. Madikizela, L.M., Mdluli, P.S. and Chimuka, L. Theoretical and experimental studies of molecularly imprinted polymer for ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac. 45th IUPAC World Chemistry Congress, Busan, South Korea, 9-14 August 2015. 46. Redhi, G.G., Mabaso, M.H. and Moodley, K.G. Simultaneous extraction of aromatic components from spent paint solvents using ionic liquids by multi-component systems at constant temperature. 19th Annual Green Chemistry Conference, Washington, DC, USA, 14-16 July 2015. JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2019

1. Putri, A.D., Murti, B.T., Kanchi, S., Sabela, M.I., Bisetty, K. and Tiwari, A., Inamuddin; Asiri, A.M. (2019). Computational studies on the molecular insights of aptamer induced poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-graphene oxide for on/off- switchable whole-cell cancer diagnostics. Scientific Reports, 9.

2. Honarparvar, B., Kanchi, S. and Bisetty, K. (2019). Theoretical insights into the competitive metal bioaffinity of lactoferrin as a metal ion carrier: A DFT study. New Journal of Chemistry, 43, 16374 – 16384. 3. Madhura, L., Singh, S., Kanchi, S., Sabela, M. and Bisetty, K. (2019). Inamuddin. Nanotechnology-based water quality management for wastewater treatment. Environmental Chemistry Letters 17: 65-121.

4. Shahbaaz, M., Potemkin, V., Grishina, M., Bisetty, K. and Hassan, M.I. (2019). Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1-11. 5. Sabela, M.I., Kunene, K., Kanchi, S., Xhakaza, N.M. Bathinapatla, A., Mdluli, P. Sharma, D. and Bisetty, K. (2019). Removal of copper (II) from wastewater using green vegetable waste derived activated carbon: An approach to equilibrium and kinetic study. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 12(8): 4331-4339.

6. Sharma, D., S. Kanchi and K. Bisetty. (2019). Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles: A review. Arabian journal of chemistry 12(8): 3576-3600. 7. N. Jiyane, M. I. SABELA, S. Kanchi, P. S. Mdluli, M. Xhakaza, O. A. Arodola and K. Bisetty. (2019). Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 43, 1229-1243. 8. T. R Makhanya, R. M. Gengan and A Athar. (2019). Synthetic Communications, 49(6): 823-835. 9. M. Thangaraj, R. Bibhuti, M. Ramesh, A. Murugesan, R. M. Gengan. (2019). Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry. 56 (3), 867-885. 10. C. Tiloke, A Phulukdaree, RM Gengan, AA Chuturgoon. (2019). Nutrition and cancer, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2019.1597136. 11. U. Reddicherla, P. Narang, V. Pannuru, and N. Deenadayalu. (2019). Profiling the molecular interactions between a promising thermoresponsive polymer and ionic liquid: A biophysical outlook. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 278, 716-721.

12. R. Gardas, S. Panda and N. Deenadayalu. (2019). Evaluating the Solute-Solvent Interactions of Glycine in Aqueous Solution of Choline based Ionic Liquids through Volumetric Properties at T= (293.15 to 313.15 K). Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2019, 289, 111087-111088.

13. V. Pannuru, K. Kumar, N. Deenadayalu and U. Reddicherla. (2019). Quantifying the influence of ionic liquid on the phase behaviour of a biomedical thermoresponsive polymer: A mechanistic biophysical experimental approach Reactive and Functional Polymers. 143, 104327-104334.

14. E. K. Armah, M. Chetty and N. Deenadayalu. (2019). Biomethane Potential of Agricultural Biomass with Industrial Wastewater for Biogas Production. Chemical Engineering Transactions. 76, 1411-1416.

15. E. K. Armah, M. Chetty and N. Deenadayalu. (2019). Effect of Particle Size on Biogas Generation from Sugarcane Bagasse and Corn Silage. Chemical Engineering Transaction, 76, 1471-1476.

16. V Arumugam, B Kabane, KG Moodley, Y Gao, GG Redhi. (2019). Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of organic solutes, using novel N-(2′, 3′-epoxypropyl)- N-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidinium chloride ionic liquid by GLC. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2019, 505, 112362

17. OP Ogundele, V Arumugam, KG Moodley, GG Redhi, Y Gao. (2019). Probe of Interactions of Acetic and Propionic Acids with 2′,3′-N-Epoxypropyl-N-methyl- 2-oxopyrrolidinium Salicylate Ionic Liquid. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data.

18. B Kabane, V Arumugam, R Chokkareddy, GG Redhi. (2019). Assessment of Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquid for the Separation of Binary Mixtures Based on Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data.

19. B Kabane, R Chokkareddy, GG Redhi. (2019). Separation of (water/butan-1-ol) binary systems based on activity coefficients at infinite dilution with phosphonium ionic liquid. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 137, 7-12

20. B Kabane and GG Redhi. (2019). Application of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide ionic liquid for various types of separations problems: Activity coefficients at infinite dilution measurements. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 493, 181-187

66 21. B Kabane, R Chokkareddy and GG Redhi. Molecular interaction studies of binary systems comprising [C2mim][BF4] with ethyl acetoacetate or benzaldehyde. Heliyon, 5(5), e01548

22. V Arumugam, R Rajamanikandan, M Ilanchelian, KG Moodley, GG Redhi. (2019). Investigation of binding interactions between BSA and [EPMpyr][Sal] through spectroscopy studies, thermophysical and thermodynamic properties. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 210, 299-307

23. R Chokkareddy, GG Redhi, T Karthick. (2019). A lignin polymer nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for the sensitive detection of chlorogenic acid in coffee samples. Heliyon, 5 (3), e01457

24. O Oriyomi, V Arumugam, KG Moodley, GG Redhi. (2019). Thermophysical and thermodynamic properties of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulphate ionic liquid and its binary mixtures with pentanoic or 2-methylpropanoic acid. Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, 1-17

25. R Chokkareddy, N Thondavada, GG Redhi, NK Bhajanthri. (2019). An amino functionalized magnetite nanoparticles and ionic liquid based electrochemical sensor for the detection of acetaminophen. Analytical Methods.

26. V Arumugam, R Rajamanikandan, M Ilanchelian, KG Moodley, GG Redhi. (2019). Elucidation of interactions of BSA with [EPMpyr]+[Cl]− using spectroscopic techniques with reference to theoretical thermodynamic and molecular docking studies. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 273, 634-644

27. Mbambo, A. T., Onwubu, S. C., Mdluli, P. S., & Madikizela, L. M. (2019). Development of a gold nanomaterial enabled colorimetric sensor method for the analysis of sodium chloride in seawater. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 12, 100275. doi:10.1016/j.enmm.2019.100275

28. Onwubu, S. C., Mdluli, P. S., Singh, S., & Collins, O. C. (2019). The Application of the Logistic Equation Model to Predict the Remineralization Characteristics of Desensitizing Paste. International Journal Of Dentistry, 2019. doi:10.1155/2019/7528154

29. Onwubu, S. C., Mdluli, P. S., Singh, S., & Bharuth, V. (2019). Remineralization Potential of a Modified Eggshell-Titanium Composite-Scanning Electron Microscope Study. European Journal of Dentistry, 13(2), 187-192. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1695662

30. Magubane, S. E., Mlambo, M., Mabaso, M. H., Muthwa, S. F., Kruger, H. G., & Mdluli, P. S. (2019). Optimization of CIEL*a*b*/Yxy colour system for colorimetric devices fabricated with gold nanoparticles. Journal Of Molecular Structure, 1191, 271-277. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.092

31. Magubane, S. E., Ntlhoro, S., Sabela, M., Kanchi, S., Mlambo, M., Onwubu, S. C., Asiri, A.M. (2019). Novel on-site residual screening of poly- diallyldimethylammonium chloride in treated potable water using gold nanoparticle based lovibond color filters. Journal Of The Taiwan Institute Of Chemical Engineers, 101, 159-166. doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2019.04.048

32. Mbambo, A. T., Kruger, H. G., Mdluli, P. S., & Madikizela, L. M. (2019). Fabrication and application of a gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric device for the determination of NaCl in seawater and estuarine water. Journal Of Nanoparticle Research, 21(7). doi:10.1007/s11051-019-4579-1

33. Onwubu, S. C., Mhlungu, S., & Mdluli, P. S. (2019). In vitro evaluation of nanohydroxyapatite synthesized from eggshell waste in occluding dentin tubules. Journal Of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials, 17(2). doi:10.1177/2280800019851764

34. Sibeko, P.A., Naicker, D., Mdluli, P.S. and Madikizela, L.M. (2019). Naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac residues in river water, sediments and Eichhornia crassipes of Mbokodweni river in South Africa: An initial screening. ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS, 20(2), 129-138. doi:10.1080/15275922.2019.1597780

35. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S., Singh, S., Madikizela, L. and Ngombane, Y. (2019). Characterization and in vitro evaluation of an acid resistant nanosized dental eggshell-titanium dioxide material. Advanced Powder Technology, 30(4), 766-773. doi:10.1016/j.apt.2019.01.005

36. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S., Singh, S. and Tlapana, T. (2019). A novel application of nano eggshell/titanium dioxide composite on occluding dentine tubules: an in vitro study. Brazilian Oral Research, 33. doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0016

37. Mntambo, S.A., Mdluli, P.S., Mahlambi, M.M., Onwubu, S.C. and Nxumalo, N.L. (2019). Synthesis and characterisation of ultrafiltration membranes functionalised with C18 as a modifier for adsorption capabilities of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. WATER SA, 45(1), 131-140. doi:10.4314/wsa.v45i1.15

38. Jiyane, N., Sabela, M.I., Kanchi, S., Mdluli, P.S., Xhakaza, M., Arodola, O.A., and Bisetty, K. (2019). MWCNTs-Fe2O3 nanoparticle nanohybrid-based highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of kaempferol in broccoli samples. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 43(5), 1229-1243. doi:10.3906/kim-1904-2

39. Onwubu, S. C., Mdluli, P. S. and Singh, S. (2019). Evaluating the buffering and acid-resistant properties of eggshell-titanium dioxide composite against erosive acids. Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials, 17(1). doi:10.1177/2280800018809914

40. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S., Singh, S., Nyembe, S. and Thakur, R. (2019). An In Situ Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Nano Eggshell/Titanium Dioxide against Erosive Acids (vol 2018, 4216415, 2018). International Journal of Dentistry. doi:10.1155/2019/7209168.

41. Mochane M.J. , Mokhena T.C. , Mokhothu T.H. , Mtibe A. , Sadiku E.R. , Ray S.S. , Ibrahim I.D. , Daramola O.O. (2019). Recent progress on natural fiber hybrid composites for advanced applications: a review. Express Polymer Letters 13, 159-98. 42. Sudhakar Muniyasamy, Abongile Gada, Teboho Mokhen, Asanda Mtibe, Thulasinathan Boobalan, Vimla Paul and Alagarsamy Arun. (2019). Biobased Biodegradable Polymers for Ecological Applications: A Move Towards Manufacturing Sustainable Biodegradable Plastic Products in Integrated Green Chemistry and Sustainable Engineering, Ed: Shahid-ul-Islam, Publisher: Scrivener Publishing LLC, ISSN: 9781119509868. 2018

43. Kunene, K., Sabela, M., Kanchi, S. and Bisetty, K. (2018). High performance electrochemical biosensor for bisphenol using screen printed electrodes modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalised with silver-doped zinc oxide. Waste and Biomass Valorization 11(3): 1-12.

44. Murti, B.T., Putri, A.D., Kanchi, S., Sabela, M.I., Bisetty, K. and Asiri, A.M. (2018). Light induced DNA-functionalised TiO2 nanocrystalline interface: Theoretical and experimental insights towards DNA damage detection. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 188: 159-176.

45. Kanchi, S., Sabela, M.I., Shahbaaz, M., Gumede, N.J., Gopalakrishnan, K., Bisetty, K., Naidu, N.V and Asiri, A.M. (2018). Selectivity and sensitivity enhanced green energy waste based indirect-μ-solid phase extraction of carbaryl supported by DFT and molecular docking studies. Journal of Molecular Liquids 257: 112-120.

46. Madhura, L., Kanchi, S., Sabela, M.I., Singh, S. and Bisetty, K. (2018). Membrane technology for water purification. Environmental chemistry letters 16(2): 343-365.

47. Sabela, M.I., Makhanya, T., Kanchi, S., Shahbaaz, M., Idress, D. and Bisetty, K. (2018). One-pot biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Iboza Riparia and Ilex Mitis for cytotoxicity on human embryonic kidney cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 178: 560-567.

48. Sharma, D., Sabela, M.I., Kanchi, S., Bisetty, K., Skelton, A.A. and Honarparvar, B. (2018). Green synthesis, characterisation and electrochemical sensing of silymarin by ZnO nanoparticles: experimental and DFT studies. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 808, 160-172.

49. Kanchi, S., Sabela, M.I., Mdluli, P.S. and Bisetty, K. (2018). Smartphone based bioanalytical and diagnosis applications: A review. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 102: 136-149.

50. Shahbaaz, M., Kanchi, S., Sabela, M. and Bisetty, K. (2018). Structural basis of pesticide detection by enzymatic biosensing: a molecular docking and MD simulation study. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 36(6): 1402-1416.

51. Kanchi, S. and Bisetty, K. (2018). Special properties of nanomaterials for chromatography. In: Nanomaterials in Chromatography, C.M. Hussain (ed.), 1: 37-54. ISBN: 9780128127933.

67 52. Kanchi, S., Sabela, M.I. and Bisetty, K. Analytical (2018). applications of nanoscale materials for water treatment: A review. Nanotechnology in Environmental Science, C.M. Hussain and A.K. Mishra (eds.), 1: 71-124. ISBN:978-3-527-34294-5.

53. Shahbaaz, M., Kanchi, S., Sabela, M. and Bisetty, K. (2018). Role of computational tools in designing enzymatic biosensors for the detection of pesticides in environment. In: Nanocomposites for Pollution Control, Jenny Stanford Publishing, pp. 287-311.

54. Kanchi, S., Sabela, M., Bisetty, K. and Nuthalapati, V.N. (2018). Core-shell quantum dots: sensing applications. In: Nanocomposites for Pollution Control, Jenny Stanford Publishing, 1: 313-329. ISBN: 978-981-4774-45-1.

55. Mbhele, Z.E., Ncube, S. and Madikizela, L.M. (2018). Synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer and its application in selective extraction of fenoprofen from wastewater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25: 36724–36735.

56. Ncube, S., Madikizela, L.M., Nindi, M.M. and Chimuka, L. (2018). Analysis of antiretrovirals in environmental samples: A current global status and future perspectives. Water Research 145: 231-247.

57. Madikizela, L.M., Zunngu, S.S., Mlunguza, N.Y., Tavengwa, N.T., Mdluli, P.S. and Chimuka, L. (2018). Application of molecularly imprinted polymer designed for the selective extraction of ketoprofen from wastewater. Water South Africa 44: 406-418.

58. Madikizela, L.M., Ncube, S. and Chimuka, L. (2018). Uptake of pharmaceuticals by plants grown under hydroponic conditions and natural occurring plant species: A review. Science of the Total Environment 636: 477-486.

59. Madikizela, L.M., Tavengwa, N.T., Tutu, H. and Chimuka, L. (2018). Green aspects in molecular imprinting technology: From design to environmental applications. Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry 15: 14-22.

60. Ncube, S., Madikizela, L.M., Cukrowska, E. and Chimuka, L. (2018). Recent advances in the adsorbents for isolation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from environmental sample solutions. Trac Trends in Analytical Chemistry 99: 101–116.

61. Madikizela, L.M., Tavengwa, N.T. and Chimuka, L. (2018). Applications of molecularly imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs and analgesics from environmental waters and biological samples. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 147: 624-633.

62. Chokkareddy R., Bhajanthri, N.K., Redhi, G.G. and Redhi, D.G. (2018). Ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of pyrazinamide. Current Analytical Chemistry 14: 391-398.

63. Chokkareddy, R., Bhajanthri, N.K. and Redhi, G.G. (2018). A novel electrochemical biosensor for the detection of ethambutol. Indian Journal of Chemistry A 57A: 887-895.

64. Kabane, B., Chokkareddy, R., Bhajanthri, N.K. and Redhi, G.G. (2018). Intermolecular interactions in binary mixtures of phosphonium based ionic liquid and propanoic acid. Indian Journal of Chemistry A 57A: 753-760.

65. Thondavada, N., Chembeti, G., Redhi, G.G. and Nuthalapati, V.N. (2018). Investigation of electrochemical behaviour of chromium (vi)-dithiocarbamate complexes: detection of chromium (vi) in real samples. Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34(2): 675-682.

66. Arumugam, V., Sriram, P., Yen, T.J., Redhi, G.G. and Gengan, R.M. (2018). Nano-material as an excellent catalyst for reducing a series of nitroanilines and dyes: triphosphonated ionic liquid-CuFe2O4-modified boron nitride. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 222: 99-114.

67. Chokkareddy, R., Bhajanthri, N.K., Kabane, B. and Redhi, G.G. (2018). Bio-sensing performance of magnetite nanocomposite for biomedical applications. Nanomaterials: Biomedical, Environmental, and Engineering Applications. John Wiley and Sons, Scrivener Publishing LLC, 165-196.

68. Chokkareddy, R. and Redhi, G.G. (2018). Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and its reaction mechanisms. Green Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterisation and their applications. Nanoparticles Naturally, John Wiley and Sons, Scrivener Publishing LLC, 113-139.

69. Chokkareddy, R., Thondavada, N., Kabane, B. and Redhi, G.G. (2018). Current advances in biosynthesis of silver nano particles and its applications. Green Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterisation and their Applications, Nanoparticles Naturally, John Wiley and Sons, Scrivener Publishing LLC, 167-198.

70. Thondavada, N., Chokkareddy, R. and Redhi, G.G. (2018). Green synthesis of platinum nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Green Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and their Applications-Nanoparticles Naturally, John Wiley and Sons +Scrivener Publishing LLC, 605-630.

71. Vasanthakumar, A., Redhi, G.G., Gengan, R.M. (2018). The application of ionic liquids in nanotechnology. In: Handbook of Nanoparticles and Architectural and Nanostructured Materials, A. Barhoum (ed.), Elsevier Science & Technology 371-400.

72. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S., Singh, S. and Nyembe, S. (2018). An in situ evaluation of the protective effect of nano eggshell/titanium dioxide against erosive acids. International Journal of Dentistry.

73. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S., Singh, S. and Bharuth, V. (2018). An in vitro examination on the effectiveness of commercial toothpastes in the prevention of tooth decay, using eggshell as a substitute for human tooth material. South African Dental Journal 73 (7): 446-451.

74. Onwubu, S.C., Mdluli, P.S. and Singh, S. (2018). The effect of colloidal silica and diamond suspensions on the surface roughness of automatically finished heat- polymerised acrylic resin. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 120 (3): 485.

75. Chambon, C.L., Mkhize, T.Y., Reddy, P., Brandt-Talbot, A., Deenadayalu, N., Fennell, P.S. and Hallett, J.P. (2018). Pretreatment of South African sugarcane bagasse using low-cost protic ionic liquid: A comparison of whole and depithed bagasse and fibrous and pith fractions. Biotechnology for Biofuels 11: 247-262.

76. Murugesan, A. and Gengan, R.M. (2018). Synthesis and characterisations of boron nitride based propyl triethylenetetramine sulfonic acid catalyst. Advanced Materials Proceedings 3(7): 475-479.

77. Meenakshisundaram, M., Pitchai, P., Sathyiamoorthy, S. and Gengan, R.M. (2018). Removal of pyrocatechol violet-an acidic dyes from aqueous solution using Achyranthes aspera leaf powder carbon. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research 5(11): 107-113.

78. Tiloke, C., Krishnan, A., Gengan, R.M. and Chuturgoon, A.A. (2018). Moringa oleifera and their phytonanoparticles: Potential antiproliferative agents against cancer. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 108: 457-466.

79. Murugesan, A., Gengan, R.M. and Moodley, K.G. (2018). One-pot synthesis of methyl piperazinyl–quinolinyl nicotinonitrile derivatives under microwave conditions and molecular docking studies with DNA. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 1-12.

80. Makhanya, T.R., Gengan, R.M., Pandian, P., Chuturgoon, A.A., Tiloke, C. and Athar, A. (2018). Phosphotungstic acid catalysed one pot synthesis of 4,8,8-Trimethyl-5-phenyl-5,5a,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo[b] [1,8] Naphthyridin-6(7H)-one derivatives and their biological evaluation against a549 lung cancer cells. Journal of Heterocyclic Chem., 551193.

81. Thangaraj, M., Gengan, R.M., Ranjan, B. and Muthusamy, R. (2018). Synthesis, molecular docking, antimicrobial, antioxidant and toxicity assessment of quinoline peptides. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology B: Biology 178: 287-295.

82. Sathyiamoorthy, S., Pitchai, P., Jemima, D. and Gengan, R.M. (2018). Strategic synthesis of furoquinoline alkaloids through vilsmeier haack and oxidative cyclization reactions, research & reviews. Journal of Chemistry 7(3): 1-7.

83. Arumugam, V., Sriram, P., Yen, T-J., Redhi, G.G. and Gengan, R.M. (2018). Nano-material as an excellent catalyst for reducing a series of nitroanilines and dyes: triphosphonated ionic liquid- CuFe2O4-modified boron nitride.Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 222: 99-114.

68 84. Arumugam, V., Redhi, G.G. and Gengan, R.M. The (2018). application of ionic liquids in nanotechnology, fundamentals of nanoparticles: classifications, synthesis methods. Properties and Characterisation, Elsevier 12: 30.

85. Chokkareddy, R., Bhajanthri, N.K., Kabane, B. and Redhi, G.G. (2018). Bio-sensing performance of magnetite nanocomposite for biomedical applications. Nanomaterials: Biomedical, Environmental, and Engineering Applications, John Wiley and Sons +Scrivener Publishing LLC, Chapter 7, 165-196.

86. Chokkareddy, R. and Redhi, G.G. (2018). Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and its reaction mechanisms. Green Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and their Applications-Nanoparticles Naturally. John Wiley and Sons +Scrivener Publishing LLC, Chapter 4, 113-139.

87. Chokkareddy, R., Thondavada, N., Kabane, B. and Redhi, G.G. (2018). Current advances in biosynthesis of silver nano particles and its applications. Green Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and their Applications-Nanoparticles Naturally, John Wiley and Sons +Scrivener Publishing LLC, Chapter 6, 167-198.

88. Thondavada, N., Chokkareddy, R. and Redhi, G.G. (2018). Green synthesis of platinum nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Green Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and their Applications-Nanoparticles Naturally, John Wiley and Sons, Scrivener Publishing LLC, 605-630.

89. Paul, V., Jacob John, M. (2018). Composites from Natural Fibers and Bioresins in Biocomposites: Biomedical and Environmental Applications, 2018, Ed:Shakeel Ahmed and Suvardhan Kanchi, Publishers: Pan Stanford Publishing ISSN: 978-981-4774-38-3 2017

90. Zunngu, S.S., Madikizela, L.M., Chimuka, L. and Mdluli, P.S. Synthesis (2017). and application of molecularly imprinted polymer in the solid-phase extraction of ketoprofen from wastewater. Comptes Rendus Chimie 20: 585–591.

91. Mlambo, M., Harris, R.A., Mashazi, P., Sabela, M., Kanchi, S., Madikizela, L.M., Shumbula, P.N., Moloto, N., Hlatshwayo, T. and Mdluli, P.S. (2017). Computational and experimental evaluation of selective substitution of thiolated coumarin derivatives on gold nanoparticles: Surface enhancing Raman scattering and electrochemical studies. Journal of Applied Surface Science 396: 695-704.

92. Madikizela, L.M., Tavengwa, N.T. and Chimuka, L. (2017). Status of pharmaceuticals in African water bodies: Occurrence, removal and analytical methods. Journal of Environmental Management 193: 211-220.

93. Madikizela, L.M. and Chimuka, L. (2017). Simultaneous determination of naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac in wastewater using solid-phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography. Water South Africa 43: 264-274.

94. Madikizela, L.M. and Chimuka, L. (2017). Occurrence of naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac residues in wastewater and river water of KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189: 348.

95. Mthembu, C.L., Sabela, M.I., Mlambo, M., Madikizela, L.M., Kanchi, S., Gumede, H. and Mdluli, P.S. (2017). Google analytics and quick response for advancement of gold nanoparticles dual lateral flow immunoassay for Malaria –Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). Analytical Methods 9: 5923–5982.

96. Madikizela, L.M., Nkwentsha, N., Mlunguza, N.Y. and Mdluli, P.S. (2017). Physicochemical characterisation and in vitro evaluation of the sun protection factor of cosmetic products made from natural clay material. South African Journal of Chemistry 70 : 113 -119

97. Madikizela, L.M., Mdluli, P.S. and Chimuka, L. (2017). An initial assessment of naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac in Ladysmith water resources in South Africa using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection. South African Journal of Chemistry 70: 145-153.

98. Bhajanthri, N.K., Chokkareddy, R. and Redhi, G.G. (2017). Aspects of recent advances in smart ionic liquid based sensors. In: Ionic Liquid Devices, Royal Society of Chemistry, 321-336.

99. Chokkareddy, R., Bhajanthri, N.K., Redhi, G.G. (2017). An enzyme induced novel biosensor for the sensitive electrochemical determination of isoniazid. Biosensors 7 21: 1–12.

100. Chokkareddy, R., Bhajanthri, N.K. and Redhi, G.G. (2017). A novel electrode architecture for monitoring rifampicin in various pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Electrochemical Science 12: 9190 – 9203.

101. Vasanthakumar, A., Redhi, G.G. and Gengan, R.M. (2017). Synthesis, characterisation and thermophysical properties of novel 2′, 3′-N-epoxypropyl- N-methyl- 2-oxopyrrolidinium acetate ionic liquid and their binary mixture with water or methanol. Journal of Molecular Liquids 242: 1215–1227.

102. Singh, S., Bahadur, I., Redhi, G.G., Karlapudi, S., Ramjugernath, D., Hofman, T. and Ebenso, E.E. (2017). Cibulka correlation for ternary excess/ deviation properties of {[C2mim] [EtSO4] (x1) + acetic or propionic acid (x2) + acetonitrile (x3)} systems at different temperatures. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 107: 153 – 162.

103. Umapathi, R., Mkhize, T.Y., Venkatesu, P. and Deenadayalu, N. (2017). The influence of various alkylammonium-based ionic liquids on the hydration state of temperature-responsive polymer. Journal of Molecular Liquids 225: 186–194.

104. Tywabi, Z., Deenadayalu, N. and Sithole, B. (2017). Dissolution of South African Eucalyptus sawdust wood in [Emim][OAc]/co-solvent mixtures. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 76: 166-172.

105. Schmidt, L.M., Mthembu, L.M., Reddy, P., Deenadayalu, N. and Smirnova, K.I. (2017). Levulinic acid production integrated into a sugarcane bagasse based biorefinery using thermal-enzymatic pretreatment. Industrial Crops and Products 99: 172-178.

106. Tywabi, Z., Deenadayalu, N. and Sithole, B. (2017). Study of cellulose-rich material after dissolution of sulphite pulp from South African Eucalyptus sawdust wood in [Emim][OAc]/co-solvent mixtures. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 540-544.

107. Tshemese, Z., Mlowe, S., Revaprasadu, N. and Deenadayalu, N. (2017). Synthesis of CdS quantum dots in an imidazolium based ionic liquid. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 71: 258 -262.

108. Nduli, M. and Deenadayalu, N. (2017). Thermophysical properties of binary mixtures of (methanol or 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium acetate + furfural or furfuryl alcohol) at various temperatures. Journal of Molecular Liquids 241: 407 - 421.

109. Murugesan, A., Gengan, R.M., Rajamanikandan, R., Ilanchelian, M. and Lin, C.H. (2017). One-pot synthesis of Claisen–Schmidt reaction through (E)- chalcone derivatives: Spectral studies in human serum albumin protein binding and molecular docking investigation. Synthetic Communications 47(20): 1884-1904.

110. Arumugam, V., Bahadur, I., Redhi, G.G. and Gengan, R.M. (2017). Characterization and thermophysical properties of novel 2′, 3′-N-epoxypropyl-N-methyl-2- oxopyrrolidinium acetate ionic liquid and their binary mixture with water or methanol. Journal of Molecular Liquids 242: 1215-1227.

111. Murugesan, A., Gengan, R.M., Rajamanikandan, R. and Ilanchelian, M. (2017). One-pot synthesis via 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction to piperazinyl- quinolinyl dispiro heterocyclic derivatives and spectrofluorometric and molecular docking studies on their binding with human serum albumin. Journal of Molecular Structure 1149: 439-451.

112 . Murugesan, A., Gengan, R.M. and Krishnan, A. (2017). Green approach: Nanocrystalline titania-based sulfonic acid catalyst for the synthesis of piperazinyl- quinolinyl pyran derivatives. Advanced Materials Letters 8 (2): 128-135.

113. Murugesan, A., Gengan, R.M. and Krishnan, A. (2017). Sulfonic acid functionalised boron nitride nano materials as a microwave-assisted efficient and highly biological active one-pot synthesis of piperazinyl-quinolinyl fused Benzo[c]acridine. Materials Chemistry and Physics 188: 154-167.

114. Murugesan, A., Gengan, R.M. and Lin, C-H. (2017). Efficient synthesis of ethyl–piperazinyl quinolinyl-( E)-chalcone derivatives via Claisen–Schmidt reaction by 69 using TiO2 -BPTETSA catalyst. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers.

115. Murugesan, A., Gengan, R.M., Moodley, K.G. and Gericke, G. (2017). Microwave-assisted: boron nitride nano materials based sulfonic acid catalyst for the synthesis of biological active ethyl piperazinyl-quinolinyl fused acridine derivatives. Advanced Materials Letters 8(7): 773-782.

116. Krishnan, A., Singh, T., Madhumitha, G., Phulukdaree, A., Gengan, R.M. and Chuturgoon, A.A. (2017). Biosynthesis and computational analysis of amine-ended dual ligand functionalised gold nanoparticles for conventional spectroscopy detection of melamine. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, B: Biology 169: 75-82.

117. Jaiyeola, A.O., Krishnan, A., Kasumbwe, K., Ramesh, M. and Gengan, R.M. (2017). Catalytic synthesis of α-amino chromone phosphonates and their antimicrobial, toxicity and potential HIV-1 RT inhibitors based on silico screening. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 166: 136-147.

118 . Krishnan, A., Kaviyarasu, K., Muniyasamy, S., Roopan, S.M., Gengan, R.M. and Chuturgoon, A.A. (2017). Bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles using agroforestry residue and their catalytic degradation for sustainable waste management. Journal of Cluster Science 28(4): 2279–2291.

119. Krishnan, A., Gengan, R. M. and Chuturgoon, A.A. (2017). Functionalised nanomaterials for biological and catalytic applications. In: Microscopy Applied to Materials Sciences and Life Sciences, Apple Academic Press. 2016

120. Bathinapatla, A., Kanchi, S., Singh, P., Sabela, M.I and Bisetty, K. An (2016). ultrasensitive performance enhanced novel cytochrome c biosensor for the detection of Rebaudioside A. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 77: 116 -123.

121. Chennamsetty, R., Kanchi, S., Bisetty, K. and Nuthalapati, N.V. (2016). Monitoring of Cetylpyrdinium chloride levels in surface waters: Patent Blue-V as a selective ligand for Spectrophotometric Determination. Asian Journal of Chemistry 28: 1039-1042.

122. Sabela, M.I., Mpanza, T., Kanchi, S., Sharma, D. and Bisetty, K. (2016). Electrochemical sensing platform amplified with a nanobiocomposite of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme for the detection of capsaicin. Biosensor and Bioelectronics 83: 45-53.

123. Sharma, D., Kanchi, S., Sabela, M.I. and Bisetty, K. (2016). Insight into the biosensing of graphene oxide: Present and future prospects. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 9: 238-261.

124. Kanchi, S., Chembeti, G., Sharma, D., Mdluli, P.S., Bisetty, K., Nuthalapati, N.V. and Sabela, M.I. (2016). Dithiocarbamate induced catalytic hydrogen wave for the determination of iron (ii) in waters and leafy vegetables: experimental and computational approach. International Journal of Electrochemical Science 11: 8027-8045.

125. Sharma, D., Sabela, M.I., Kanchi, S., Mdluli, P.S., Singh, G., Stenström, T.A. and Bisetty, K. (2016). Biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Jacaranda mimosifolia flowers extract: Synergistic antibacterial activity and molecular simulated facet specific adsorption studies.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 162: 199-207.

126. Sabela, M.I., Kunene, K., Kanchi, S., Xhakaza, N.M., Bathinapatla, A., Mdluli, P.S., Sharma, D. and Bisetty, K. (2016). Removal of copper (II) from wastewater using green vegetable waste derived activated carbon: An approach to equilibrium and kinetics study. Arabian Journal of Chemistry.

127. Balgobind, K., Kanchi, S., Sharma, D., Bisetty, K. and Sabela, M.I. (2016). Hybrid of ZnONPs/MWCNTs for electrochemical detection of aspartame in food and beverage samples. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 774: 51-57.

128. Khan, F.I., Shahbaaz, M., Bisetty, K., Waheed, A., Sly, W.S., Ahmad, F. and Hassan, M.I. (2016). Large scale analysis of the mutational landscape in ß-glucuronidase: A major player of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII. Gene 576(1): 36-44.

129. Shahbaaz, M., Bisetty, K., Ahmad, F. and Hassan, M.I. (2016). Current advances in the identification and characterisation of putative drug and vaccine targets in the bacterial genomes. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 16(9): 1040-1069.

130. Naz, H., Shahbaaz, M., Haque, M.A., Bisetty, K., Islam, A., Ahmad, F. and Hassan, M.I. (2016). -induced denaturation of human calcium- calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV: A combined spectroscopic and MD simulation study. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics 8: 1-13.

131. Idrees, D., Shahbaaz, M., Bisetty, K., Islam, A., Ahmad, F. and Hassan, M.I. (2016). Effect of pH on structure,function and stability of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VA. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 4: 1-13.

132. Naz, H., Shahbaaz, M., Bisetty, K., Islam, A., Ahmad, F. and Hassan, M.I. (2016). Effect of pH on the structure, function and stability of human calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV: A combined spectroscopic and MD simulation studies. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 94(3): 221-228.

133. Kanchi, S., Sabela, M.I., Nuthalapati, V.N. and Bisetty, K. (2016). Chitosan: a promising biosensing, adsorbent material for heavy metals. In: Natural Polymers: Their Derivatives, Blends and Composites 2, Nova Science Publishers, Inc, USA. ISBN: 978-1-53610-440-0.

134. Sharma, D., Kanchi, S., Bisetty, K. and Nuthalapati, V.N. (2016). Perspective of analytical sciences and nanotechnology. In: Advanced Environmental Analysis: Applications of Nanomaterials. Royal Society of Chemistry, UK. ISBN:978-1-78262-144-7.

135. Mkhize, T., Mthembu, L.D., Gupta, R., Kaur, A., Kuhad, R.C., Reddy, P. and Deenadayalu, N. (2016). Enzymatic saccharification of acid/alkali pre- treated, mill-run, and depithed sugarcane bagasse. BioResources 11: 6267-6285.

136. Muthu, T., Anand, K., Sureshkumar, M. and Gengan, R.M. (2016). Eco-friendly approach: graphene like boron nitride modified calcium material for the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitrile derivatives. Advanced Materials Letters 7(10): 790-794.

137. Sureshkumar, M., Anand, K., Muthu, T. and Gengan, R.M. (2016). Cobalt boron nitride: a novel heterogeneouscatalyst for the synthesis of medicinally important amino quinoline phosphonates. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426507. 2015.1130046, 2016.

138. Vasanthakumar, A., Bahadur, I., Redhi, G.G. and Gengan, R.M. (2016). Synthesis, characterisation of 2′, 3′-epoxy propyl - N-methyl-2- oxopyrrolidinium salicylate ionic liquid and study of its interaction with water or methanol, RSC Adv. DOI: 10.1039/C6RA11327C.

139. Vasanthakumar, A., Bahadur, I., Redhi, G.G., Gengan, R.M. and Anand, K. (2016). Synthesis, characterisation and thermophysical properties of ionic liquid N-methyl-N-(2′, 3′-epoxypropyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinium chloride and its binary mixtures with water or ethanol at different temperatures. Journal of Molecular Liquids 219: 685–693.

140. Makhanya, T.R., Pitchai, P., Gengan, R.M. and Mohan, P.S. (2016). Vilsmeier-Haack reaction: A manifest protocol to synthesise bisquinoline. Indian Journal of Chemistry B 55: 517-521.

141. Pitchai, P., Nepolraj, A., Sathiyaseelan, M. and Gengan, R.M. (2016). 4-Dihydroxy-3-(Indol-2-)yl -Quinoline via a substantial methodology - Fisher Indole Synthesis. Heterocyclic Letters 6(1): 11-14.

142. Charlette, T., Alisa, P., Anand, K., Gengan, R.M. and Chuturgoon, A.A. (2016). Moringa oleifera gold nanoparticles modulate oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and caspase-9 splice variants in a549 cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 9999:1–13.

143. Bhajanthri, N.K., Chokkareddy, R. and Redhi, G.G. (2016). Ionic liquid based high performance electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid in various foods and pharmaceuticals. Journal of Molecular Liquids 222: 370 -380.

144. Abhishek, G., Krishan, R., Poonam, S., Ismail, R., Suresh Kumar, M. and Faizal, B. (2016). Catalytic conversion of microalgal lipids to biodiesel: Overview and recent advances. In: Algal Biofuels: Recent Advances and Future Prospects, S.K. Gupta, A.Malik and F. Bux (eds.). Springer. 70 145. Harris, R.A., Mlambo, M. and Mdluli, P.S. (2016). Qualitative analysis of some alkanethiols on Au nanoparticles during SERS. RSC Advances 6(15): 12131. 146. Madikizela, L.M., Mdluli, P.S. and Chimuka, L. (2016). Experimental and theoretical study of molecular interactions between 2-vinyl pyridine and acidic pharmaceuticals used as multi-template molecules in molecularly imprinted polymer. Reactive and Functional Polymers 103: 33-43.

147. Madikizela, L.M. and Chimuka, L. (2016). Determination of ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac in aqueous samples using a multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer as selective adsorbent for solid-phase extraction. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 128(5): 210-215.

148. Madikizela, L.M. and Chimuka, L. (2016). Synthesis, adsorption and selectivity studies of a polymer imprinted with naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 4: 4029-4037.

149. Quan, X., Liu, J., Rabten, W., Diomedi, S., Singh T. and Andersson, P.G. (2016). Thiazole, imidazole and oxazoline based N, P-Ligands for palladium- catalyzed cycloisomerisation of 1,6-Enynes. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 20: 3427.

150. Makhathini, S.S., Das, S.K., Singh, T., Arvidsson, P.I., Kruger, H.G., Gunosewoyo, H., Govender, T. and Naicker, T. (2016). Stereoselective synthesis towards unnatural proline-based amino acids. ARKIVOC 3: 134.

151. Vasanthakumar, A., Bahadur, I., Redhi, G.G. and Gengan, R.M. (2016). Synthesis and characterisation of 2′, 3′-epoxy propyl-N-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidinium salicylate ionic liquid and study of its interaction with water or methanol. RSC Advances 6(66): 61566-61575.

152. Vasanthakumar, A., Bahadur, I., Redhi, G.G., Gengan, R.M. and Anand, K. (2016). Synthesis, characterisation and thermophysical properties of ionic liquid N-methyl-N-(2′, 3′-epoxypropyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinium chloride and its binary mixtures with water or ethanol at different temperatures. Journal of Molecular Liquids 219: 685- 693.

153. Vasanthakumar, A., Redhi, G.G. and Gengan, R.M. (2016). Efficient catalytic activity of ionic liquid-supported NiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticle doped Titanium Dioxide nano-composite 7: 422-427.

154. Vasanthakumar, A., Redhi, G.G. and Gengan, R.M. (2016). Influence of epoxy group in 2-pyrrolidonium ionic liquid interactions and thermo-physical properties with Ethanoic or Propanoic acid at various temperatures. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 4(9): 4951-4964.

155. Bhajanthri, N.K., Arumugam, V.K., Chokkareddy, R. and Redhi, G.G. (2016). Ionic liquid based high performance electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid in various foods and pharmaceuticals. Journal of Molecular Liquids 222: 370-376.

156. Bahadur, I., Kgomotso, M., Ebenso, E.E. and Redhi, G.G. (2016). Influence of temperature on molecular interactions of imidazolium-based ionic liquids with acetophenone: thermodynamic properties and quantum chemical studies. RSC Advances 6(106): 104708-104723.

157. Singh, S., Bahadur, I., Naidoo, P., Redhi, G.G. and Ramjugernath, D. (2016). Application of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ionic liquid for the different types of separations problem: Activity coefficients at infinite dilution measurements using gas-liquid chromatography technique. Journal of Molecular Liquids 220: 33-40.

158. Singh, S., Bahadur, I., Redhi, G.G., Ramjugernath, D. and Ebenso, E.E. (2016). Influence of alkyl group on interactions between carboxylic acid and acetonitrile at different temperatures. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 98: 102-110.

159. Moodley, K., Mabaso, M., Bahadur, I. and Redhi, G.G. (2016). Industrial application of ionic liquids for the recoveries of spent paint solvent. Journal of Molecular Liquids 219: 206-210.

160. Cele, N.P., Bahadur, I., Redhi, G.G. and Ebenso, E.E. (2016). (Liquid+ liquid) equilibria measurements for ternary systems (sulfolane+ a carboxylic acid+n- heptane) at T= 303.15 K and at 0.1 MPa. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 96: 169-174.

161. Marume, C., Kumar, B.N. and Redhi, G.G. (2016). Analysis of lubricating grease by ICP-OES: a case study on preparation methodology. Asian Journal of Chemistry 28: 1049-1053.

162. Kumar, B.N., Kumar, S.H. and Redhi, G.G. (2016). Spectrophotometric determination of cadmium (ii) in water and soil samples using Schiff’s Bases. Asian Journal of Chemistry 28: 1861-1866.

163. Bhajanthri, N.K., Nimmagadda, V.V.J., Nuthalapati, V.N. and Redhi, G.G. (2016). Bovine serum albumin: an efficient adsorbent and drug delivery transporter. Natural Polymers: Derivatives, Blends and Composites 3: 55-72. 2015

164. Kanchi, S., Singh, S., Sabela, M.I., Dovey, M. and Bisetty, K. (2015). Analytical evaluation of steviol glycosides in food samples by capillary electrophoresis supported with molecular docking studies. Journal of Iranian Chemical Society 12: 127-136.

165. Bathinapatla, A., Kanchi, S., Singh, P., Sabela, M.I. and Bisetty, K. (2015). Fabrication of copper nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a high performance electrochemical sensor for the detection of neotame. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 67: 200-207.

166. Anwer, K., Sonani, R., Madamwar, D., Singh, P., Khan, F.I., Bisetty, K., Ahmad, F. and Hassan, M.I. (2015). Role of N-terminal residues on folding and stability of C-phycoerythrin: simulation and urea-induced denaturation studies. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 33(1): 121-133.

167. Thondavada, N., Kanchi, S., Bisetty, K. and Nuthalapati, V.N. (2015). Novel dithiocarbamates for the electrochemical detection of Ni(II) in environmental samples. Asian Journal of Chemistry 27(10): 3598-3604.

168. Chennamsetty, R., Kanchi, S., Bisetty, K. and Nuthalapati, V.N. (2015). Seasonal variation and distribution of anionic surfactants in and around Tirupati: A famous piligrim centre in South India. Asian Journal of Chemistry 27(9): 3655-3657.

169. Shahbaaz, M., Bisetty, K., Ahmad, F. and Hassan, M.I. (2015). Towards New Drug Targets? Function prediction of putative proteins of neisseria meningitidis MC58 and their virulence characterisation. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology 19(7): 416-434.

170. Sharma, D., Ashaduzzaman, M., Golabi, M., Shriwastav, A., Bisetty, K. and Tiwari, A. (2015). Studies on bacterial proteins-corona interaction with saponin imprinted zinc oxide nanohoney combs and their toxic responses. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7(43): 23848-56.

171. Shahbaaz, M., Bisetty, K., Ahmad, F. and Hassan, M.I. (2015). In silico approaches for the identification of virulence candidates amongst hypothetical proteins of Mycoplasma pneumonia. Computational Biology and Chemistry 59: 67-80.

172. Khan, F.I., Bisetty, K., Singh, S., Permaul, K. and Hassan, M.I. (2015). Chitinase from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP and its biotechnological applications. Extremophiles 19(6): 1055-1066.

173. Khan, F.I., Govender, A., Permaul, K., Singh, S. and Bisetty, K. (2015). Thermostable chitinase II from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP: Cloning, structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Theoretical Biology 374: 107-114.

174. Naz, F., Shahbaaz, M., Bisetty, K., Islam, A., Ahmad, F. and Hassan, M.I. (2015). Designing new kinase inhibitor derivatives as therapeutics against common complex diseases: structural basis of microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) inhibition. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology 19(11): 70 0 -711.

175. Naz, F., Shahbaaz, M., Khan, S., Bisetty, K., Islam, A., Ahmad, F. and Hassan, M.I. (2015). PKR-inhibitor binds efficiently with human microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling 62: 245-252.

176. Shahbaaz, M., Bisetty, K., Ahmad, F. and Hassan, M.I. (2015). Functional insight into putative conserved proteins of Rickettsia rickettsii and their virulence

71 characterisation. Current Proteomics 12(2): 101-116.

177. Sharma, D., Kanchi, S. and Bisetty, K. (2015). Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. arabjc.2015.11.002.

178. Bathinapatla, A., Kanchi, S., Sabela, M.I. and Bisetty, K. (2015). Theoretical principles and applications of high performance capillary electrophoresis. In: Capillary Electrophoresis (CE): Principles, Challenges and Applications, Nova Science Publishers, Inc, USA. ISBN: 978-1-63483-122-2.

179. Pal, A., Deenadayalu, N. and Chaudharya, S. (2015). Effect of hydrophilic ionic liquid on the micellar properties of aqueous Tween-20. Fluid Phase Equilibria 391: 67–71.

180. Babu, K., Pitchai, P. and Gengan, R.M. (2015). Utility of Michael type addition on the synthesis of pyrimidines and antibacterial studies of 4,6-diaryl-3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ylidene) cyanamides. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 7(12): 275-278.

181. Pitchai, P., Sathiyaseelan, M., Nepolraj, A. and Gengan, R.M. (2015). An elegant synthesis of indoloquioline alkaloid cryptotackienene via Vilsmeier Haack approach. Indian Journal of Chemistry B 54B(10): 1290-1292.

182. Malapermal, V., Mbatha, J.N., Gengan, R.M. and Anand, K. (2015). Biosynthesis of bimetallic Au-Ag nanoparticles using Ocimum basilicum (L.) with antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties. Adv. Mater. Lett. 6 (12): 1050-1057.

183. Ramakrishna, M., Babu, R.D., Gengan, R.M. and Chandra, S. (2015). Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using marine algae and evaluation of their catalytic activity. J Nanostruct Chem. DOI: 10.1007/s40097-015-0173-y.

184. Gengan, R.M., Pitchai, P., Ndaba, G.R. and Mohan, P.S. (2015). Utility of Vilsmeier-Haack reaction in the cyclisation of heterocycles: Synthesis of phenyl- dibenzo[b,h][1,6] naphthyridines. Elixir Applied Chemistry 86: 35088-35089.

185. Anand, K., Gengan, R.M., Phulukdaree, A. and Chuturgoon, A. (2015). Agroforestry waste Moringa oleifera petals mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their anti-cancer and catalytic activity. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 21: 1105 -1111.

186. Lam, C.W., Wakeman, A., James, A., Ata, A., Gengan, R.M. and Ross, S.A. (2015). Bioactive steroidal alkaloids from Buxus macowanii Oliv. Steroids 95: 73-79.

187. Choe, H., Ha, J.M., Joo, J.C., Kim, H., Yoon, H.J., Kim, S., Son, S.H. and Gengan, R.M. (2015). Structural insights into the efficient CO2-reducing activity of an NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase from Thiobacillus sp. Knk65ma. Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography 71(2): 313-323.

188. Roopan, S.M., Bharathi, A., Palaniraja, J., Anand, K. and Gengan, R.M. (2015). Unexpected regiospecific Michael addition product: Synthesis of 5, 6-dihydrobenzo [1, 7] phenanthrolines. RSC Advances 5(48): 38640-38645.

189. Molatlhegi, R.P., Phulukdaree, A., Chuturgoon, A., Krishnan, A. and Gengan, R.M. (2015). Cytotoxic effect of a novel synthesised carbazole compound on A549 lung cancer cell line. PLoS ONE 10 97):e0129874. DOI:10.1371, 2015.

190. Bahadur, I., Mabaso, M., Redhi, G., Singh, P., Kumar, S. and Moodley, K. (2015). Separation of aromatic solvents from oil refinery reformates by a newly designed ionic liquid using Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization detector. Journal of Separation Science and Technology 01: 1-7.

191. Bahadur, I., Letcher, T.M., Singh, S., Redhi G.G. and Venkatasu, R.D. (2015). Excess molar volumes of binary mixtures (an Ionic Liquid Water): A review. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 82: 34-46.

192. Paul, V., Kanny, K., Redhi, G.G. (2015). Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of a bio-based composite derived from banana plant source. Composites Part A 68: 90-100.

193. Olsen, E.P.K., Singh, T., Harris, P., Andersson, P.G. and Madsen, R. (2015). Experimental and theoretical mechanistic investigation of the iridium-catalyzed dehydrogenative decarbonylation of primary alcohols. Journal of the American Chemical Society 137: 834.

194. Bahadur, I., Letcher, T.M., Singh, S., Redhi, G.G., Venkatesu, P. and Ramjugernath, D. (2015). Excess molar volumes of binary mixtures (an ionic liquid + water): A review. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 82: 34–46.

195. Redhi, G.G., Bahadur, I. and Xhakaza, N.M. (2015). Liquid–liquid equilibria measurements of ternary systems (acetonitrile + a carboxylic acid + dodecane) at 303.15 K. Fluid Phase Equilibria 388: 1–5.

196. Bahadur, I., Mabaso, M., Redhi, G., Singh, P., Kumar, S. and Moodley, K. (2015). Separation of aromatic solvents from oil refinery reformates by a newly designed ionic liquid using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Journal of Separation Science 38: 951–957.

197. Singh, S., Bahadur, I., Redhi, G.G., Ebenso, E.E. and Ramjugernath, D. (2015). Influence of the alkyl group on thermophysical properties of carboxylic acids in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ionic liquid at various temperatures. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 89: 104–111.

198. Paul, V., Kanny, K. and Redhi, G.G. (2015). Mechanical, thermal and morphological proper ties of a bio-based composite derived from banana plant source. Composites: Part A 68: 90–100.

199. Xhakaza, N.M., Bahadur, I., Redhi, G.G. and Ebenso, E.E. (2015). Phase equilibria measurements of ternary mixtures (sulfolane + a carboxylic acid + pentane) at 303.15 K. Fluid Phase Equilibria 404: 26–31.

BOOK CHAPTERS 2019

1. Mokhena T.C., John M.J., Mochane M.J., Mtibe A., Motsoeneng T.S., Mokhothu T.H., Tshifularo C.A. Cellulose Nanocrystals-Based Composites. Soil Microenvironment for Bioremediation and Polymer Production, (2019): 319-338. 2. Mochane, M.J., Mokhena, T.C., Mokhothu, T.H., Mtibe, A., Sadiku, E.R., Ray, S.S., Ibrahim, I.D. and Daramola, O.O. (2019). Recent progress on natural fiber hybrid composites for advanced applications: a review Express Polym.

3. Mokhothu, T.H., Mtibe, A., Mokhena, T.C., Mochane, M.J., Ofosu, O., Muniyasamy, S., Tshifularo, C.A. and Motsoeneng, T.S. (2019). Mechanical, Thermal and Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer Composites Reinforced with Various Nanomaterials. In Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites (pp. 185-213). Springer, Cham.

4. Mokhena, T.C., Mochane, M.J., Mokhothu, T.H., Mtibe, A., Tshifularo, C.A. and Motsoeneng, T.S. (2019). Preparation and Characterization of Antibacterial Sustainable Nanocomposites. In Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites (pp. 215-244). Springer, Cham.

5. Mtibe A., Mokhena T.C., Mokhothu T.H., Mochane M.J. Recent Developments of Cellulose-Based Biomaterials. Soil Microenvironment for Bioremediation and Polymer Production, (2019): 319-338. 6. Niranjan Thondavada, Rajasekhar Chokkareddy, Nuthalapati Venkatasubba Naidu, Gan G Redhi, 2019. Environmental science and engineering applications of polymer and nanocellulose based nanocomposites. Composites for Environmental Engineering. Chapter 6, 135-178. 72 DOCTORAL GRADUATES

NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Microbial community analysis of a UASB reactor and Prof. K. Bisetty BATHINAPATLA A application of an evolutionary algorithm to enhance Dr M. Dovey wastewater treatment and biogas production Prof. K. Bisetty Experimental and computational studies of a fungal KHAN F I Prof. S. Singh chitinase Prof. K. Permaul

Synthesis and characterisation of a biocomposite Prof. K. Kanny

2015 PAUL V derived from banana plants (Musa Cavendish) Prof. G.G. Redhi

Development and optimisation of technology for Prof. F. Bux RAMLUCKAN K the extraction and conversion of microalgal lipids to Prof. K.G. Moodley biodiesel Dr B. Sithole TYWABI Z Processing of dissolving pulp in ionic liquids Prof. N. Deenadayalu Computational and micro-analytical techniques Prof. K. Bisetty GUMEDE N J to study the in vitro and in silico models of novel Prof. S. Sagrado therapeutic drugs 2016 Extraction of aromatic solvents from reformates and Prof. G.G. Redhi MABASO M H paint solvent wastes using ionic liquids Prof. K.G. Moodley

Computational and experimental studies of putative Prof. K. Bisetty SHAHBAAZ M virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv Dr M.I. Hassan 2017 Thermo-physical properties and activity coefficients Prof. G.G. Redhi SINGH S at infinite dilution for ionic liquid systems at several Prof. D. Ramjugernath temperatures

Synthesis, characterisation and application of novel Prof. G.G. Redhi ARUMUGAM V ionic liquids Prof. R.M. Gengan

Fabrication of sensors for the sensitive electro- Prof. G.G. Redhi CHOKKA REDDY R chemical detection of anti-tuberculosis drugs Prof. N.K. Bhajanthri

Synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles and chalcones MURUGESAN A using multicomponent reactions: A spectral and Prof. R.M. Gengan 2018 protein binding investigation Interaction studies of nanomaterials with plasma Prof. K. Bisetty SABELA M I proteins using experimental and computational Prof. S. Sagrado methods Prof. B. Mwakikunga Synthesis, characterisation and biological activities of THANGARAJ M heterocycles: peptides and O, N and S based small Prof. R.M. Gengan molecules

73 NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Prof T A Stenström Prevalence and fate of antibiotics and its derivatives Prof F Bux FALEYE AC in sewage treatment in Durban and the receiving Dr K Ramluckan environment Dr A A Adegoke 2019 Synthesis, characterisation and biological activities of MAKHANYA TR Prof. R.M. Gengan selected pyrazoles and naphthyridines

MASTERS GRADUATES

NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Interaction studies of chiral Non-Steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs using HAS protein using capillary Prof. K. Bisetty KHULU S electrophoresis frontal analysis and electro kinetic Dr P. Singh chromatography 2015 Elemental determination of lubricating grease using Prof. G.G. Redhi MARUME C ICP-OES Mr S. Govender

Thermodynamic properties of 1-ethyl-3- Prof. N. Deenadayalu CHULE S B methylimidazolium ethylsulphate with nitrogen and Dr P. Reddy sulphur compounds at T = (298.15)K and P = 1 bar

Prof. N. Deenadayalu MTHEMBU L D Production of levulinic acid from sugarcane bagasse Dr P. Reddy

Thermophysical properties of biofuel components NDULI M B Prof. N. Deenadayalu derived from biomass Rhodium Boron Nitride: A recyclable catalyst

2016 JAIYEOLA A O for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates and Prof. R.M. Gengan dihydropyrimidinones Selective extraction of lignin from lignocellulosic Prof. N. Deenadayalu MKHIZE T Y biomass using ionic liquids Dr P. Reddy Determination of capsaicin using carbon nanotube Prof. K. Bisetty MPANZA T E based electrochemical biosensors Dr P. Singh Prof. N. Deenadayalu Preparation, isolation and characterisation of Dr P. Reddy MASHEGO D V nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse Prof. S. Sinha Ray Prof. A. Dufresne

74 NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Use of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate for MOHALE T Prof. N. Deenadayalu liquid –liquid equilibria for ternary mixtures Synthesis of amine-epoxy based polymers and their RAGHUNATH S potential application in the remediation of selected Prof. R.M. Gengan organic dyes from synthetic effluents Computational studies on the identification and Prof. K. Bisetty CELE NM analyses of p53 cancer associated mutations Dr M.I. Hassan Fabrication of graphene based aptasensors for early Prof. K. Bisetty DARUMAS PUTRI A detection of prostate cancer by experimental and Prof. A. Tiwari computational techniques Solvent-free Knoevenagel condensation over Dr S. Singh MAKHANYA N P

2017 supported mixed metal oxides catalysts Dr M.H. Mabaso Synthesis and characterisation of binary and ternary Dr S. Singh MUTHWA S F hydrotalcites-like compounds for the hydroxylation Dr M H Mabaso of phenol Synthesis of novel quinoline derivatives and their Prof. R.M. Gengan NKOSI S M cytotoxicity in A549 lung cancer cells Prof. A.A. Chuturgoon Experimental and computational studies on sensing Prof. K. Bisetty TRI MURTI B of DNA damage in Alzheimer’s disease Prof. A. Tiwari Solid-phase extraction of selected acidic Dr P.S. Mdluli ZUNNGU S S pharmaceuticals from wastewater using a molecularly Dr L.M. Madikizela imprinted polymer Prof. L. Chimuka Fabrication of electrochemical biosensors for Prof. K. Bisetty KUNENE K W the determination of phenolic compounds by Dr S. Kanchi experimental and computational methods Prof. N. Deenadalayu Density, speed of sound, refractive index and activity MGXADENI N Prof. P. Naidoo coefficients at infinite dilution for ionic liquids Prof. D. Ramjugernath 2018 Thermodynamic properties of phosphonium-based KABANE B Prof. G.G. Redhi ionic liquid mixtures at different temperatures Dr P.S. Mdluli Gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow kit for in vitro MTHEMBU C L Dr M. Mlambo detection of malaria antibodies Mr H. Gumede Prof. N Deenadayalu Effect of mechanical and chemical pulping on ionic HLONGWA N Prof B Sithole liquid fractionation of wood chips Mr J Andrew Extraction and characterisation of cellulose Prof. N. Deenadalayu MDLETSHE GP nanocrystals (CNCs) from sugarcane bagasse using

2019 Prof. SS Ray ionic liquids Synthesis and characterization of membranes Prof. PS Mdluli MNTAMBO SA with molecularly imprinted polymers for selective Dr M M Mahlambi adsorption of triclosan

75 NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Development of a gold nanoparticle based Dr LM Madikizela MBAMBO AT colorimetric sensor kit for the analysis of sodium Prof. PS. Mdluli chloride levels in seawater Development of paper-based microfluidic strips for Prof. PS Mdluli NXUMALO NL quantification of ammonia Dr LM Madikizela Production and characterisation of Prof. N Deenadayalau ZONDO SG Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from corn silage using

2019 Prof. K Permaul Thermus thermophilus HB8 Synthesis, characterisation and anti-microbial RAJKOOMAR N evaluation of piperazinyl-quinolinyl-α- Prof. RM Gengan aminophosphonates Thermodynamic properties of selected ionic liquids Prof. GG redhi OGUNDELE OP with carboxylic acids at several temperatures Prof. KG Moodley

76 76 DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND NUTRITION: CONSUMER SCIENCES

Research Focus Areas Food and Nutrition Security 79

78 RESEARCH FOCUS AREA FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY

The main focus in the department is to evaluate the cross-sectional effect of the three pillars of food security, namely food availability, food accessibility and food usage, on nutritional status (overnutrition and undernutrition) in vulnerable population groups in the greater Durban area, and to plan, develop and implement interventions to address needs identified in various communities.

The objectives of the departmental focus areas are in line with national and international policies addressing food and nutrition insecurity, such as the National Development Plan, the South African Integrated Nutrition Programme (INP) and the SA Food and Security Policy (2015) with the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) developed in September 2015.

The objectives of the food and nutrition security focus area are:

• To determine the socio-demographic profile of communities by administering a socio-demographic questionnaire in order to understand and identify variables that impact on food consumption, food security and nutritional status. • To determine the nutritional status of the community by using anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, arm circumference). • To determine the actual food intake of a community in order to determine the nutrient adequacy of the diet by comparing it to the DRIs and requirements per age and gender category. • To determine food variety and food group diversity in communities by using a Food Frequency questionnaire. This data assists in identifying food security. • To determine the coping strategies of a community in times of hunger by administering the coping strategy index. • To determine menu adequacy in institutions caring for various population groups in order to make recommendations to these facilities in improving the health of the residents. • To plan, implement, and assess interventions to address food and nutrition related problems in order to address food security.

79 EMERGING RESEARCHERS

Dr Ashika Naicker

NRF Rating --- h-index (scopus) 2

Masters students (current) 4

Doctoral students (current) 2

Masters students (completed) 2

Doctoral students (completed) ---

Postdocs ---

Collaborators 2

Publications 6

National Conferences 3

International Conferences 4

Dr Ashika Naicker is a senior lecturer in the department. She has a PhD in Nutrition and has supervised two successful masters’ candidates thus far. She is currently supervising three Masters candidates and supervising two candidates for the Doctor of Philosophy in Food and Nutrition.

Her current research projects are: • India Works lifestyle intervention project (NIH grant) 2017-2020 • Acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of a worksite intervention to lower cardiometabolic risk in Mumbai (Harvard University grant) 2019-2021 • Acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of a worksite intervention to lower cardiometabolic risk in South Africa (SAMRC grant) 2019-2021

Her research interests include non-communicable diseases, food environment, sustainable food solutions, and nutrition security.

Mrs Susan Vermeer

Masters students (completed) 2

Mrs Vermeer is a lecturer in the department. She has obtained her Masters of Applied Science in Food and Nutrition titled ‘Impact of a nutrition education programme on the nutrition knowledge of Grade R learners in Durban’. She is currently co-supervisor of one masters student.

80 Dr Heleen Grobbelaar

NRF Rating --- h-index (scopus) 1

Masters students (current) 3

Doctoral students (current) 1

Masters students (completed) 1

Doctoral students (completed) ---

Postdocs ---

Collaborators 2

Publications 4

National Conferences 2

International Conferences 4

Dr Grobbelaar completed her PhD in Food and Nutrition in 2017 Her current research is focusing on a national project in collaboration with Texas Tesh University on the development and testing of the South African Elderly Food Based Dietary Guidelines. Her area of exper tise is Community Based Par ticipator y Research and Community Engagement and Development

Miss Onwaba Makanjana

Masters students (completed) 1

Masters students (current) 1

Miss Makanjana is a lecturer in the department. She is currently completing with her PhD in Food and Nutrition. Her research project entails developing and testing the impact of an orange-fleshed sweet potato yoghurt on vitamin A and iron status of pre-school children.

Her research interest lies in nutrition, specifically addressing malnutrition in children.

81 RESEARCH OUTPUTS CONFERENCES 2018

1. Memela, S. Anthropometric profile and dietary intake of an emerging middle income community. 13th International SAAFECS Conference, South African Association of Family Ecology and Consumer Science, Saint George Hotel and Conference Centre, Pretoria, 5-9 March 2018. 2. Napier, C. Development of food based dietary guidelines for the elderly in South Africa. Nutrition Congress: Nutrition Past, Present, Future, Misty Hills, Johannesburg, South Africa, 5-7 September 2018. 3. Naicker, A. The global nutrition & epidemiologic initiative- changing the food environment. 13th International SAAFECS Conference. South African Association of Family Ecology and Consumer Science, Saint George Hotel and Conference Centre, Pretoria, 5-9 March 2018. 2017

4. Grobbelaar, H. Pushing the frontiers of foundation provision: Reflecting on more than a decade of practice – are we winning? ECP Colloquium, Durban, Blue Waters Hotel, 20 – 21 September 2017. 5. Grobbelaar, H. Ubuntu philosophy as a framework to capacitate students for service learning within a social justice paradigm in the SA context. International Association for Research in Service Learning and Community Engagement (IARSLCE), Galway, Ireland, 13-15 September 2017. 2016

6. Vermeer, S., Napier, C. and Oldewage-Theron, W.H. Nutrition knowledge of Grade R learners in Durban suburban schools: An intervention study. 12th International South African Association of Family Ecology and Consumer Science (SAAFECS) Conference in Pretoria, 22-26 February 2016. 7. Vermeer, S., Napier, C. and Oldewage-Theron, W.H. Comparison of South African food based dietary guidelines and food group knowledge between Grade R boys and girls in suburban schools in Durban, South Africa. World Nutrition Congress: Addressing the Double Burden of Malnutrition in a Globalised World, Cape Town, 30 August – 2 September 2016. 8. Napier, C., Mtolo, A., Nsele, N. and Felt, L. Coping strategies and food intake in rural and urban communities in KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. World Nutrition Congress: Addressing the Double Burden of Malnutrition in a Globalised World, Cape Town, 30 August – 2 September 2016.

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2018

1. Napier, C.E., Oldewage-Theron, W.H. and Makhaya, M. (2018). Predictors of food insecurity and coping strategies of women asylum seekers and refugees in Durban, South Africa. Agriculture and Food Security 7(1). ISSN: 20487010. DOI: 10.1186/s40066-018-0220-2.

2. Govender, K., Naicker, A., Napier, C. and Sing, D. (2018). School snacking preferences of children from a low socio-economic status community in South Africa. Journal of Consumer Sciences, Special Edition (3). ISSN: 0378-5254. 2017

3. Grobbelaar, H., Napier, C. and Maistry, M. (2017). Reinforcing paternalism? The need for a social justice approach to prepare students for service learning at UoTs. Journal of New Generation Sciences 15(1): 74-93.

4. Napier, C.E., Oldewage-Theron, W.H. and Grobbelaar, H.H. (2017). Testing of developed food based dietary guidelines for the elderly in SA. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1(1): 1-7. 2016

5. Vardan, S. and Napier, C. (2016). Workplace wellness, nutritional status and disease. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences 22(2.2): 605-625. ISSN: 2411- 6939

6. Naicker A., Venter, C.S., MacIntyre, U.E, Ellis, S. (2016). Prevalence of selected intermediate risk factors for non-communicable diseases in an apparently healthy indian community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal Community Health. DOI:10.1007/s10900-016-0238-y.

7. Nzama, P. and Napier, C. (2016). Nutritional adequacy of menus offered to children of 2 to 5 years in registered child care facilities in Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal. South African Journal of Child Health.

8. Vermeer, S. and Napier, C. (2016). Nutrition knowledge of Grade R learners in Durban suburban schools: An intervention study. South African Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Science.

9. Mwadiwa, R.J., Kearney, J.E. and Napier, C.E. (2016). Determining nutritional status and food intake patterns of pre-school children in Empangeni, South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 5 (1). ISSN: 2223-814X. 2015

10. Napier, C.E. and Oldewage-Theron, W.H. (2015). Dietary intake and nutritional status of adolescent girls and young women in Durban, South Africa. Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences 43. ISSN: 378-5254.

11. Naicker, A., Venter, C.S., MacIntyre, U.E. and Ellis, S. (2015). Dietary quality and patterns and non-communicable disease risk of an Indian community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 33:1. DOI: 10.1186/s41043-015-0013-1. 82 DOCTORAL GRADUATES

NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Development of a community engagement capacity building programme within a social justice framework Prof. C.E. Napier GROBBELAAR H H

2017 for Consumer Science Food and Nutrition students Dr S.M. Maistry at the Durban University of Technology

MASTERS GRADUATES

NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Nutritional adequacy of menus offered to children NZAMA P F 2 to 5 years old at registered childcare facilities in Prof. C. Napier Inanda Impact of a nutrition education programme on the Prof. C. Napier

2015 VERMEER S I nutrition knowledge of Grade R learners in Durban Prof. W.H. Oldewage-Theron Comparison of packed school lunches between boys Prof. C. Napier WILKINSON J and girls in primary schools in East London Miss O. Makanjana Health indicators and nutritional profile of staff VARDAN S at a training institution as a foundation for the Prof. C.E. Napier development of nutrition wellness education material Snacking preferences of primary school children as a Dr A. Naicker GOVENDER K guideline to develop a sensory acceptable snack food Prof. C.E. Napier item enhanced with Moringa oleifera 2016 Food insecurity and nutritional status relating to Prof. C.E. Napier MOTHEPU L B chronic disease of elderly caregivers within the rural Prof. K.J. Duffy households of Mpharane in Lesotho Food security and coping strategies of an urban MTOLO A Prof. C.E. Napier community in Durban Relationship between diet quality, nutrition status Prof. C.E. Napier NDLOVU N P and academic performance of first and non-first Ms X. Mkhize generation university students in Durban Anthropometric profile and food consumption MEMELA S N patterns of an emerging middle income community Prof. C.E. Napier in Umlazi

2017 Socio-demographic profile, nutritional status MFEKA P L and dietary intake of primary school children in Prof. C.E. Napier Chesterville, KwaZulu-Natal Relationship between physical activity with dietary WATSON R L P intake and nutritional status of adolescent girls Prof. C.E. Napier attending a private school in Durban

83 NAME TITLE SUPERVISORS

Food consumption patterns and nutritional risks of GUMEDE S T women in low and middle income communities in Prof. C.E. Napier KwaNdengezi, KwaZulu Natal 2017 Dietary diversity and nutritional status of pregnant Prof. C.E. Napier WARRINER K M women attending an ante-natal clinic in KZN Dr H.H. Grobbelaar Food consumption patterns and nutritional risks of GUMEDE S T women in low and middle income communities in Prof. C.E. Napier KwaNdengezi, KwaZulu Natal 2018 Dietary diversity and nutritional status of pregnant Prof. C.E. Napier WARRINER K M women attending an ante-natal clinic in KZN Dr H.H. Grobbelaar Food hygiene, safety, handling practices and SIBISI A knowledge of food handlers in a food retail company Prof. C.E. Napier in Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa Selected clinical risk factors for lifestyle diseases in relation to the current dietary practices of sponsored Dr A Naicker MPOSULA ZA vs non-sponsored African university students in Prof. C.E. Napier 2019 Durban Fishing and fish consumption contributing to the nutrient profile, dietary diversity and food security Prof. C.E. Napier LEGBARA KP of adult caregivers in a coastal community in Rivers Prof. A Hart State, Southern Nigeria

84 84 DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE

Research Areas Horticulture and Biodiversity Conservation 87

86 RESEARCH FOCUS AREA HORTICULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Conservation International (CI) ranked South Africa sixth among the world’s mega diverse countries based on its >20 000 plant species, which make up 10% of all the known plant species. Such a rich plant biodiversity has been commercially exploited since the 1940s for the international cut-flower market, and for developing plants for both the ornamental horticulture and pharmaceutical industries. The great potential for sustainable use of South Africa’s plant biodiversity is the motivation behind our research in sustainable horticulture and plant biodiversity conservation. We focus much on the KZN’s biodiverse indigenous flora. Sustainable horticulture is a way of growing plants that’s sensitive to the environment. We draw strength from the great potential for sustainable cultivation of indigenous ornamental plants, the incorporation of indigenous species in urban landscapes, plant propagation through tissue culture, developing indigenous medicinal plants, indigenous plant strategies for thriving in a changing global climate and plant bio-adaptation to environmental stresses. Given the serious threat of invasive alien plant species, our team also explores South Africa’s policies on managing its rich biodiversity. Outputs of our research group target the creation of sustainable horticultural businesses, which create employment and economically viable for local communities. Therefore, our team explores rainwater harvesting as an essential aspect of ensuring sustainable horticultural production in a drought-prone South Africa.

Although still in its infancy, research in the Department of Horticulture is rapidly growing. There are now three PhDs, a C2-rated researcher and three staff members are currently enrolled for their PhDs. Research infrastructure is currently limiting and while some limited research can still be conducted, research requiring high level infrastructure calls for inter- departmental and/or inter-university collaboration. Nonetheless, the Department anticipates developing a state-of-the- art tissue culture laboratory, complemented with a plant physiology lab, state-of-the-art greenhouses and hydroponic facilities where masters and PhD students as well as postdoctoral and visiting scholars can conduct research.

Since sustainable horticulture is dependent on a well-maintained biodiversity, research on biodiversity conservation is an integral aspect of horticulture. Hence, research in this department falls under four major but interconnecting themes: • Plant ecological physiology • Plant biotechnology and Sustainable horticultural production systems • Plant biodiversity and environmental conservation • Horticultural sector skill analysis and science education

87 RESEARCH INTEREST: Plant Biotechnology and Sustainable Horticultural Production Systems; Plant Stress Physiology Mack Moyo

Mack Moyo joined the Department of Horticulture in 2019. (Elsevier Inc) and peer-reviews for a number of reputable He is an Established Researcher with a National Research international journals. Furthermore, he has examined PhD Foundation (NRF) C2 rating in Plant Science. His research and MSc theses for the Department of Horticulture and interests and expertise include plant physiology and School of Life Sciences- UKZN, Department of Horticulture- biotechnology, plant growth regulators (mainly cytokinins TUT, Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre- NWU and and auxins), abiotic plant stress biology and secondary Department of Biology- Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences metabolites. The impact of his research has continued University. He has written four book chapters published to soar as indicated by the steady increase in citations by Wiley-Blackwell (2015), Elsevier (2013), Nova Science and h-index factors. The research has been presented at Publishers (2012) and Weaver Press (2004). He is a regular national and international conferences. He is a member of reviewer on NRF adjudication committees. the Editorial Board for the South African Journal of Botany National Collaborations

Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, North-West University Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plants Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg Research Centre for Plant Growth and development, University of KwaZulu-Natal International Collaborations

Laboratory of Plant Growth Regulators & Department Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University (Czech Republic)

88 RESEARCH INTEREST: Plant ecological physiology

Dr Ignatious Matimati

Dr Ignatious Matimati joined the Horticulture Department programme, where he explored succulent plant hydrology as a part-time lecturer in 2018 and became a Senior in the Succulent Karoo Biome. After SANBI, he joined Lecturer and Head of Department in 2019. He is a University of Cape Town for a PhD on the functional role of plant science researcher in the field of plant plant water fuxes in nutrient acquisition. He went on to ecophysiology, with an h-index of 8, whose core research pursue a brief postdoctoral fellowship at Rhodes University, interests are in understanding how plants relate to before joining CPUT for a three-year contract and then their varying environmental conditions, especially water DUT. His postdoctoral work at Rhodes university pursued and nutrient availability. Unifying themes of his the development of an R-statistical model that predicts research are photosynthetic efficiency, plant nutrient evapotranspiration rates from Eichhornia crassipes in South acquisition, water use efficiency, plant-water fluxes and African rivers experiencing different eutrophication stable isotope ecology. He has twenty years of research levels, based on real-time stomatal conductance and experience in plant sciences, beginning in 2001 as a nutrient-plant-atmosphere conditions. He is a registered senior research officer at Horticultural Research Centre member of the South African Council for Natural Scientifc in Zimbabwe. He became an MSc Intern at SANBI on a Professions. BIOTA/SANBI National Collaborations

• Buffelsdraai Land Restoration Project, Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department, EThekwini Municipality • Fountainhill Estate (Pty) Ltd, Wartburg • Cape Peninsula University of Technology • University of Cape Town, Department of Biological Studies

89 EMERGING RESEARCHER RESEARCH INTEREST: Ecology and Water Resources Management Mrs Indrani Govender

Collaborators 3

National Conferences 7

International Conferences 5

Ms Indrani (Hazel) Govender joined the Horticulture with a special interest in Bayesian network probabilistic department in 2010. Her previous experience includes modelling. The drastic transformation of natural landscapes environmental management in industry and local government. to urban areas necessitates the consideration of biodiversity In 2001/2002 Indrani spent a year in Germany on an conservation as a priority and efforts to restore degraded Advanced Professional Training Scholarship in Environmental ecosystems. Landscape transformation also impacts on Management in Industry. In 2016/2017 she spent six months water resources, which are limited in South Africa. With the at Lund University in Sweden, working with a researcher sustainability agenda a focus in the current global research on risk assessment and probabilistic modelling. Indrani is landscape, and practical applications thereof, assessing currently studying towards a PhD in Ecology. Her research is threats to ecological systems is made possible through focused on ecological risk assessment of water resources in various modelling tools. Hence, Ms Govender’s interest in the uMngeni catchment, KwaZulu-Natal. modelling ecological systems has the potential to influence Her research interests lie in ecological impacts, ecological risk decision making and strategic planning in terms of natural assessment, urban ecology and biodiversity conservation, resource management. National Collaborations • Aquatic Ecosystem Research Group, UKZN; UEIP (uMngeni Ecological Infrastructure Programme) International Collaborations • Centre for Environment and Climate Research, Lund University, Sweden RESEARCH INTEREST: Rainwater Harvesting Technologies & Isoscapes Dhiren M. Govender

Westville Municipality, Plantopia Interior Plants, Highveld Ridge Local Council and the eThekwini Municipality. Mr Govender holds a National Diploma in Horticulture from Technikon Natal, Bachelors Technology Degree in Horticulture (Cum Laude) Mr Dhiren Govender has been lecturing in the Department from Technikon South Africa, Bachelors Technology Degree in of Horticulture since January 2006, after which he assumed Business Administration from the Durban Institute of the role of Head of Department from 2007 to 2016. He Technology and a Masters Technology Degree in Human has 25 years of experience with a diverse skill Resource Management (Cum Laude) from DUT. He is setin the horticultural industry, including working at the currently registered at DUT for a PhD in Applied Sciences.

90 RESEARCH INTEREST: Biodiversity Conservation and Science Communication Dr Jonathan B. Foley

joining Technikon Natal as a lecturer in 1995 he has completed post graduate qualification in environmental development in the School of Environment and Development

programme that incorporates six months of structured work-integrated learning at DUT and another six months in selected organisations within the horticulture industry. Dr Foley completed his doctorate in Science Communication Dr Jonathan Foley graduated with a diploma in Horticulture at the University of Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN) in 2017. He from Technikon Natal (TN) IN 1983 tutelage with Wilfred was invited by the South African National Biodiversity Grey, an importer, grower and retailer of tropical plants. He Institute (SANBI) to write technical reports for the National worked as an amenity horticulturist for the Natal Biodiversity Assessment 2018 regarding the economic value Provincial Administration for five years, running their of African medicinal plants. Dr Foley also contributes to northern depot based at Edgewood College. Dr Foley environmental education journals and participates within the completed a Higher Diploma in Horticulture in 1989 and a national parks organisation Institute of Environmental and diploma in Graphic Design in 1991, also at TN. Since Recreation Management (IERM). RESEARCH INTEREST: Invasive species policy analysis Mrs Astrid Badenhorst

on the prevalence of alien invaders in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Her current research focuses on the analysis of policies on Invasive Alien Plants. It is worth noting that her work, presentedin Nepal in 2014, was adopted by the Nepalese Government to draft legislation and policies on Management of the Invasive Alien Species in Nepal. Additionally, the South African Green Industries Council (SAGIC) has set up a Prior to joining DUT as a lecturer in 2006, Astrid Badenhorst national training programme for horticulturists, landscapers, worked as a Horticulture Consultant at various retail nurseries conservationists, and invasive species professionals to become in the Western Cape. She also worked at the College of certified Invasive Species Consultants. Mrs Badenhorst is a Cape Town as a Horticulture lecturer and programme certified SAGIC Invasive Species consultant. She is also a coordinator from 2001 to 2006. Mrs Badenhorst graduated member of the KZN Invasive Species Forum and a board with an MSc in Environmental Management in 2011, focusing member of the KZN Intensive Growers Association. RESEARCH INTEREST: Bio-waste recycling

Mr Thagen Anumanthoo assisting students in practical aspects of all horticultural subjects within the department. In addition to academic assistance, he also manages the business aspects within the department that include plant propagation and sales as well as plant decor. Thagen also worked as an Area Manager of Garden Maintenance for the DBU services between 2006 and 2007 and as an Estate Manager for Servest Group in 2010. He holds a National Diploma in Horticulture, BTech in Horticulture and BTech Mr Thagen Anumanthoo is a senior technical assistant in Business Administration from DUT. He is currently in the Horticulture Department who plays a key role in pursuing a masters degree in Horticulture at UKZN. 91 RESEARCH OUTPUTS NATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Govender, I. Bayesian Network Ecological Risk Assessment to inform water resources management in the uMngeni Catchment Fountain Hill Estate /UKZN Research Symposium 9-10 October 2019, Wartburg, KZN (Oral). 2018

2. Govender, I. and O’Brien, G. Changing ‘flow direction’ to achieve objectives: A Bayesian approach to water resources management. Southern African Society for Aquatic Scientists, Cape St Francis, Eastern Cape, 27th June 2018. 3. Govender, I. Ecological risk assessment as an interdisciplinary tool for sustainable water resources management. DUT Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Conference, Coastlands Hotel, Durban, 20th September 2018. 4. Foley, J. Exploring social perceptions of youth toward biodiversity within protected areas and botanical gardens using local examples within the Durban Metropolitan Area. Institution for Environment and Recreation Management (IERM) Durban Convention 2018, Public Spaces and Places-Future Value, Trends and Global Views, Moses Mabhida Stadium, 17-19 September 2018. 2017

5. Govender, I., Stenstrom, T.A., Jewitt, G.G. and O’Brien, C. A multidisciplinary ecological risk perspective for water resources management in the uMngeni Catchment. Fountain Hill Estate Research Symposium, Wartburg, KZN, 11 October 2017. 2016

6. Govender, I., Stenstrom, T.A., Jewitt, G.G. and O’Brien, C. Ecological risk of water resources in the uMngeni catchment: The role of macroinvertebrate response. Water Institute of Southern Africa. ICC Durban, 16 May 2016. 7. Govender, I., Stenstrom, T.A., Jewitt, G.G. and O’Brien, C. Ecological risk assessment of the resource directed measures for the uMngeni catchment. Southern African Society of Aquatic Scientists, Skukuza Conference Centre, Kruger National Park, 27 June 2016. 2015

8. Govender, I., Stenstrom, T.A., Jewitt, G.G. and O’Brien, C. Ecological risk assessment to evaluate the socio-ecological consequences of water resource use options in the uMngeni catchment. Southern African Society of Aquatic Scientists. Champagne Sports Resort, Drakensberg, KwaZulu-Natal, 30 June 2015.

92 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Govender, I. Assessing water use trade offs in a water-stressed catchment: A South African perspective. SRA/SETAC Joint conference, Cape Town 5-8 May 2019. 2. Govender, I. Ecological risks to the riparian ecosystem in a South African catchment: Future Scenarios to achieve management objectives. SRA/SETAC Joint conference, Cape Town 5-8 May 2019. 2018

3. Govender, I., Stenstrom, T.A., Jewitt, G.G. and O’Brien, C. Multiple stressor ecological risk assessment of a highly regulated water catchment in the context of South African legislation. Society for Ecotoxicology and Chemistry, North America, 4 November 2018. 2017

4. Govender, I. Application of Bayesian Networks in integrated water resource management. International Workshop on Applications of Bayesian Network. Lund University, Sweden, 29th March 2017. 2016

5. Govender, I. Sahlin, U. Finding the balance between use and protection of water in a river catchment using the Relative Risk Model approach. Society for Risk Analysis Nordic Chapter – Gothenberg November 2016. 2015

6. Teer-Tomaselli, R. and J.B. Foley. Engaging with the urban green space in the heart of Durban, South Africa. Hogskolen Conference ‘Consuming the Environment’, Sweden, 26-27 November 2015.

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2019

1. Mandilakhe, N., Learnmore, K. and Ignatious, M (2019). Functional roles of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3–) in regulation of day- and night-time transpiration in Phaseolus vulgaris. Functional Plant Biology 46: 806-815. 2018

2. Foley, J., Baijnath, H. and McCracken, D.P. (2018). Understanding Durban University of Technology students’ perceptions of biodiversity loss. Southern African Journal of Environmental Education 34: 48-60.

3. Foley, J., Mitchell, D. and Whittington-Banda, G. (2018). Understanding the diverse economic value of medicinal plants to the South African economy. A review and scoping exercise commissioned by SANBI as a technical report for the South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018. 2016

4. Gitonga, L. and Collins, G. (2016). Factors influencing the efficiency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and regeneration in Brussels sprouts. Australian Journal of Crop Science 10: 299-306. 2015

5. Gitonga, L., Goodman-Cron, G., McConnachie, A. and Byrne, M. (2015). Genetic variation in Campuloclinium macrocephalum in South Africa inferred from molecular markers. Weed Research 55: 51-61.

93 94 DEPARTMENT OF MARITIME STUDIES RESEARCH AREAS

• Maritime education and training in digital age • Digitalisation of maritime cluster • New maritime business models in the context of 4IR • Deploying autonomous air/sea-surface/underwater vehicles

LEAD RESEARCHER

Prof. Sanja Bauk

h-index (scopus) 7 Masters students (current) 2

Doctoral students (current) 2

Masters students (completed) 6

Collaborators 5

Publications 35

National Conferences 1

International Conferences 17

Prof Sanja Bauk joined the department in 2018 and is systems in developing environments, tracking and tracing an Associate Professor. Her areas of expertise include goods in sea transportation, block-chain and distributed operations research, information and communication ledger technology (DLT) in 4IR realm with emphasise on technologies, navigation electronic and information maritime, virtual smartness in maritime with emphasise on systems (ECDIS & Radar/Arpa at simulation level), research unmanned aerial, sea surface, and underwater vehicles’ key methodology and logistics. Her current research focuses features, convergent technologies for human (seafarers’) on intelligent exploitation of maritime info-communication wellbeing , etc.

International Collaborations

Prof Bauk is an external expert within two European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Projects: COMPASS-Coordination of maritime assets for persistent and systematic surveillance (Grant Agreement No. 861584, 2020) and ePIcentar-Enhanced Physical Internet-Compatible Earth-frieNdly freight Transportation answer (Grant Agreement No. 833650, 2020-2024). She is leading Erasmus+ Euro-ZA Project (No. 598418-EPP-1-ZA-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP; 2018-2021) at DUT. She has successfully accomplished four COIL Projects at DUT: three with FJU from Sao Paulo (Brazil) and one with UoC from Colima (Mexico). Now, she plans extending COIL collaboration at DUT with Brazil, Mexico, China and Netherlands.

95 EMERGING RESEARCHER Mrs BM Masuku

Margaret B. Masuku has been a lecturer at the Durban relatively unknown and is a recruiter of young talent for the University of Technology since 2016. She is a curriculum shipping industry, in addition to being a mentor to maritime developer for high school maritime education and an author graduate students. She is a founder of the Maritime Centre of maritime economics textbooks for Grade 10 to 12. at Sithengile Secondary School in Clermont, Chairperson of Mrs Masuku is currently doing a dissertation at the World the Ezasolwandle projects and skills development, Director Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden. The dissertation of Maritime Careers and Skills Development Pty Ltd is focusing on the online distance learning for maritime (MCSD), coordinator and facilitator of training for Maritime postgraduate diplomas at DUT. Considered a pioneer teachers in KZN, the Western Cape and Eastern Cape (East of Maritime education in local schools, Mrs Masuku is a London) and a member of SAMPA (South African Maritime promotor of maritime awareness in places were the field is Professionals Association).

International Collaborations

• A member of Erasmus+ - EURO –ZA • Four successfully accomplished COIL projects with Mexico & Brazil

RESEARCH OUTPUTS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Bauk, S. (2019). Review of NAVDAT and VDES as Upgrades of Maritime Communication Systems, The 13th TransNav Conference, Gdynia, Poland, 12-14 June; Paper published in Advances in Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Eds. Adam Weintrit, Tomasz Neumann, pp. 82-87. (Scopus, DUT Elements). 2. Bauk, S. (2019). Collaborative Online International Learning as a Path to a Global Classroom, The 2nd International Conference SER 2019 - New Trends and Best Practices in Socioeconomic Research, 16-18 April, Herceg-Novi, Montenegro (Book of Abstracts), p. 21.

3. Bauk, S., Beškovnik B. and Ivošević-Šekularac, S. (2019). Intermodal Network Development in Eastern Europe, Proc. Of the 8th International Maritime Science Conference (IMSC), Budva, Montenegro, 11-12 April, pp. 623-630.

4. Draskovic V., Bauk S., Evovic R. (2019). [Position of Intelligentsia in Former Yugoslavia], published in Russian, Series: Intelligentsia and Modernity, XX issue, 9 April, Moscow, Russia, pp. 148-156. 2018

5. Bauk S. (2018). Concerning Cloud based learning at maritime studies departments in South Africa and Montenegro, The 1st joint IMLA-IMEC-ICERS Conference, 22-25 October, Bataan and Mania, Phillippines (Book of Abstracts), p. 6.

6. Bauk S. (2018). Koncept pomorskog Oblaka [Maritime Cloud concept] (2018), Proc. of the 10th International Conference Information Technologies for e-Education (ITeO), 28-29 September, Banja Luka, B&H, pp. 18-28.

7. Bauk S., Dlabač T. and Škurić M. (2018). Internet of things, high resolution management and new business models, Proc. of the 23rd International Conference on Information Technology, 19-24 February, Žabljak, Motenegro, p. 89. (Scopus).

8. Ivoševič Š. and Bauk S. (2018). The use of information technology in the assessment of the corrosion damage on ship hull, Proc. of the 23rd International Conference on Information Technology, 19-24 February, Žabljak, Montenegro, p. 94. (Scopus).

9. Bauk, S. (2018). V2X communication in function of traffic safety at seaport, Symposium - Traffic Strategic Development in South East Europe, 30-31 May, Budva, Montenegro, n.p.

10. Bauk, S. and Dlabač, T. (2018). Shifting education to Cloud: A reference to maritime studies, Proc. of the the 7th International Scientific Conference Technics and Informatics in Education, Faculty of Technical Sciences, 25-27 May, Čačak, Serbia, pp. 135-139.

11. Bauk, S. (2018). Success vs. barriers in publishing research papers, The International Conference SER 2018 - New Trends and Best Practices in Socioeconomic Research, 26- 28 April, Igalo, Herceg Novi, Montenegro (Book of Abstracts) pp. 20-21.

12. Bauk, S., Ćulafič A. and Ivošević Š. (2018). Concerning some simulation techniques in assessing ship’s hull deterioration during its exploitation, Proc. of the 18th International Conference on Transport Sciences (ICTS), 14-15 June, Portorož, Slovenia, pp. 35-40.

96 2017

13. Bauk S., Calvo, J.A.L., Mathar, R. and Schmeink, A. (2017). V2P/I communication for increasing occupational safety at a seaport, Proc. of the 59th IEEE International Symposium Electronics in Marine (ELMAR), 18-20 September, Zadar, Croatia, pp. 79-82. (Scopus).

14. Bauk, S., Calvo, J.A.L., Schmeink, A. and Mathar, R. (2017). Enhancing on port safety by vehicular communication approach - Port of Bar (Montenegro) Case Study, Proc. of the 6th IEEE Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO), 11-15 June, Bar, Montenegro, pp. 338-341. (Scopus).

15. Bauk, S. (2017). Poslovni modeli u kontekstu Interneta stvari (IoT) [Business models in the context of Internet of Things (IoT)], Proc. of the 9th International Conference Information Technologies for e-Education (ITeO), 29-30 September, Banja Luka, B&H, pp. 50-59.

16. Bauk, S. and Avramović, Z.Z. (2017). O inteligentnom korišćenju ICT sa osvr tom na pomorstvo [On intelligent use of ICT with reference to the maritime sector], Proc. of the 9th International Conference Information Technologies for e-Education (ITeO), 29-30 September, Banja Luka, B&H, pp. 170-177.

17. Damjanović, M. and Bauk, S. (2017). E-navigacija i pomorski Oblak kao podrška u njenoj realizaciji [E-navigation and maritime Cloud as a support in its realization], Proc. of the 9th International Conference Information Technologies for e-Education (ITeO), 29-30 September, Banja Luka, B&H, pp. 192-199.

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2019

1. Bauk, S., Kapidani, N., Luksic, Z., Rodrigues, F. and Sousa, L. (2019). Autonomous marine vehicles in sea surveillance as one of the COMPASS2020 project concerns, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1357 012045, pp. 1-7. (Scopus, DUT Elements).

2. Beškovnik, B., Twrdy, E., Bauk, S. (2019). Developing Higher Berth Productivity: Comparison of Eastern Adriatic Container Terminals, Promet – Traffic and Transportation, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 397-405. (SCIE, Scopus, DUT Elements).

3. Bauk, S. (2019). Collaborative Online International Learning Benefits Vis-a-Vis Concerns: An Empirical Study, Montenegrin Journal of Economics, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 45-54. (Scopus, DUT Elements).

4. Bauk, S., Leon Calvo, J. A., Schmeink, A., Azam, S. and Mathar, R. (2019). On deploying vehicular communication at the developing seaport and related innovation success impediments. Transport, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 126-134. (SCIE, Scopus, DUT Elements).

5. Vitic Cetkovic, A., Bauk, S. and Potocnik Topler, J. (2019). Assessing Caterers’ Satisfaction with Cruise Tourists’ Behaviour, Transactions in Business and Economics, Vol. 18, No. 1 (46), pp. 183-199. (SSCI, Scopus, DUT Elements).

6. Draskovic, V., Jovovic, R., Bauk, S. and Draskovic M. (2019). The position of intelligentsia in the selected countries in South-Eastern Europe, STED Journal, Vol. 1, No.1, pp. 36-44. 2018

7. Bauk S., Gonzalez, D.G. and Schmeink, A. (2018). A ZigBee/RFID safety system at the seaport, Journal of Maritime Science and Technology Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 11-18. (SCIE, Scopus, DUT Elements)

8. Bauk S., Schmeink, A. and Colomer, J. (2018). An RFID Model for Improving Workers’ Safety at the Seaport in Transitional Environment, Transport, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 353-363. (SCIE, Scopus, DUT Elements).

9. Radović, D., Bauk, S. and Delibašić, M. (2018). Institutional Violence in Southeast Europe, Transformations in Business & Economies, Vol. 17, No. 2(44), pp. 42-59. (SSCI, Scopus, DUT Elements).

10. Bauk, S. (2018). Some ICT Systems for Increasing Occupational Safety with Reference to the Seaport Environment, Our Sea – International Journal of Maritime Science and Technology, Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 94-102. (Scopus, DUT Elements). 2017

11. Bauk, S. (2017). Moving education to cloud: A pilot study in Montenegrin higher education, The New Educational Review, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 165-198. (Scopus). 12. Bauk, S., Kapidani, N., Schmeink, A. and Holtham, C. (2017). Concerning intelligent ICT exploitation in some maritime business organizations: A pilot study, Our Sea – International Journal of Maritime Science and Technology, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 63-68. (Scopus).

13. Bauk, S., Kapidani, N. and Schmeink, A. (2017). On intelligent use of ICT in some maritime business organizations, Montenegrin Journal of Economics, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 163-173. (Scopus).

14. Bauk, S., Schmeink, A. and Colomer, J. (2017). Employing wireless networks in enhancing occupational safety at the developing seaport – Two proposals, Polish Maritime Research, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 115-124. (SCIE, Scopus).

15. Draskovic, M., Bauk, S., Streimikiene, D. and Draskovic, V. (2017). Testing the Level of alternative institutions as a slowdown factor of economic development – the case of Montenegro, Amfiteatru Economic, Vol. 19, No. 45, pp. 477-492. (SSCI, Scopus).

16. Bauk, S., Draskovic, M. and Schmeink, A. (2017). Challenges of tagging goods in supply chains and a cloud perspective with focus on some transitional economies, Promet – Traffic & Transportation, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 109-120. (SCIE, Scopus).

97 BOOKS 2019

1. Masuku, B. 2019. Maritime Economics Textbook – Grade 12, Publisher More Maxima Media. Cape Town 2018

2. Bauk, S. (2018). Quantitative Methods for Management, ELIT – Economic Laboratory for Transition Research: Podgorica, Montenegro & SPH – Scientific Publishing Hub: Celje, Slovenia; Czestochowa, Poland; Kotor, Montenegro; Osijek, Croatia; Žilina, Slovakia, pp. 356.

3. Masuku B, 2018. Maritime Economics textbook – Grade 11, Publisher More Maxima Media. Cape Town 2017

4. Bauk, S. (2017). Maritime Issues in Digital Age, ELIT – Economic Laboratory for Transition Research: Podgorica, Montenegro & SPH – Scientific Publishing Hub: Celje, Slovenia; Czestochowa, Poland; Kotor, Montenegro; Osijek, Croatia; Žilina, Slovakia, pp. 343.

5. Masuku, B, 2017. Maritime Economics Textbooks – Grade 10, publisher More Maxima Media. Cape Town

98 100 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Research Areas Transformational Educational Studies 101 Dynamical System Research 103

100 RESEARCH AREA TRANSFORMATIONAL EDUCATIONAL STUDIES

The research group focuses on the important task of understanding education transformation in two ways: how education systems transform students, and how the transformation of the education systems themselves affect the educational experience, specifically for at-risk students.

In a recent project at DUT, a paper reporting on first year civil engineering students working in groups was published in Groupwork, a journal in the United Kingdom. This work is being extended to incorporate a larger sample of engineering students. One sub-group of the team is working on this problem whilst another sub-group is researching the impact of E-learning in the teaching and learning of mathematics. LEAD RESEARCHERS

Prof. Deonarain Brijlall

NRF Rating --- h-index (google scholar) 9 Masters students (current) 3

Doctoral students (current) 5

Masters students (completed) 12

Doctoral students (completed) 8

Postdocs ---

Collaborators 4

Publications 79

National Conferences 8

International Conferences 6

Professor Brijlall is a full-time staff member in the Department boundedness of infinite real sequences, 2) continuity of of Mathematics at DUT, and a research associate at the functions, 3) optimisation and 4) the chain rule application University of KwaZulu-Natal. His research areas include in calculus. point-free topology and mathematics education. His special Prof. Brijlall has published more than eighty peer-reviewed focus engages with research activities involved in the learning publications in both national and international journals and and teaching of mathematics in higher education. conference proceedings. He serves as a reviewer of many Within these domains of research Professor Brijlall has DHET accredited journal articles and is an editorial board employed conceptual frameworks of: 1) Shulman’s model member for the US-China Education Review: Education for teacher knowledge, 2) Ball et al.’s levels of pedagogical Theory (ISSN 2161-6248), US-China Education Review: content knowledge, and 3) Kilpatrick’s conceptual framework Education Practice (ISSN 2161-623X), the Afrasian Journal for mathematical reasoning and APOS theory. of Humanities and Social Sciences (ISSN 1694-2566) and the His contributions to APOS theory include, amongst others, International Journal of Educational Sciences (ISSN 0975- undergraduate students learning of: 1) monotonicity and 1122).

101 EMERGING RESEARCHERS Dr Noor Ally

Dr Noor Ally’s research focuses on the incorporation of Research involving the incorporation of e-learning into the e-learning into the mainstream mathematics courses at DUT. mathematics curriculum is currently proceeding in terms Two areas of importance within mathematics e-learning are of the design of learning, teaching and assessment material receiving particular attention: the chasm that exists between within the mathematical content, the communication school mathematics and first year tertiary mathematics, through electronic devices between learners and tutors, and the development of in-course mathematics material for lecturers, and multiple online assessments in an interactive e-learning. e-environment with instant feedback and tutorial support.

102 RESEARCH AREA DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH

The Dynamical Systems Research group conducts research in four key focus areas: • Relativistic Astrophysics • Causal Thermodynamics • Lie Symmetries, Differential Equations and Dissipative Collapse • Large-scale Fluid Dynamics

Relativistic Astrophysics Einstein’s general theory of relativity is a metric theory of gravity in which the spacetime geometry is determined by the matter content. Einstein’s theory of gravity has been widely supported by experiments and observations. Our research in relativistic astrophysics focuses on: 1) dissipative collapse of radiating stars, 2) causal thermodynamics, 3) modelling relativistic compact objects and 4) the end states of continued gravitational collapse.

Causal Thermodynamics The Eckart formulation of relativistic thermodynamics gives rise to superluminous propagation velocities for the dissipative signals. In addition, equilibrium states are unstable. Second order effects in the dissipative fluxes have to be included to generate a consistent theory of irreversible thermodynamics. The group utilises the covariant relativistic Maxwell-Cattaneo heat transport equation to study heat flow in radiating collapsing fluids.

Lie Symmetries and Dissipative Collapse A radiating star divides spacetime into two distinct regions, namely the interior of the star and the exterior of the star (atmosphere). The junction conditions required for the smooth matching of the interior spacetime to the exterior spacetime imply that the radial pressure at the boundary of the star is nonvanishing which ensures the continuity of the momentum flux across the boundary of the collapsing star. This boundary condition determines the temporal evolution of the gravitational potentials of the radiating model, and is an ordinary, nonlinear partial differential equation. We utilise Lie Symmetries to solve the boundary condition arising from the matching conditions.

103 LEAD RESEARCHER

Prof. Megandhren Govender

NRF Rating C2 h-index (google scholar) 18 Masters students (current) ---

Doctoral students (current) 2

Masters students (completed) 8

Doctoral students (completed) 6

Postdocs 2

Collaborators 14

Publications 62

National Conferences 8

International Conferences 5

Professor Govender holds a PhD in Physics from the of compact objects such as neutron stars, quark stars and University of Kwa-Zulu Natal. His research focus areas strange stars. include gravitational collapse of radiating stars, extended He has served as an examiner for masters and PhD theses irreversible thermodynamics, modelling of relativistic on topics as varied as nuclear magnetic resonance studies compact objects, black hole physics and higher dimensional in homoeopathy, Lie Symmetries in dissipative fluids, gravitational theories. biomechanics in sports, and inhomogeneous cosmologies. Prof. Govender has published widely in various top-tiered Prof. Govender’s other interests include popularising astronomy and astrophysics research journals including the mathematics and physics amongst school learners through European Journal of Physics, Physics Letters B, Classical and his various science shows viz., ‘The Flying Circus of Science’, Quantum Gravity and the Journal of Mathematical Physics. ‘So You Thought Einstein was a Genius’ and ‘Riddles in my His work on radiating stars within the framework of Einstein’s Soup Mug’. He has won several awards and recognitions, theory of general relativity has led to various extensions and including the Henry Dyer Award and the De Beers Medal for investigations on the end-states of gravitational collapse. the Advancement of Science. He is an NRF-rated scientist Prof. Govender’s collaborative projects on exact solutions and a research associate of the Astrophysics and Cosmology of the Einstein field equations has led to insightful models Research Unit at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.

104 RESEARCHERS

Prof. Darren Lortan

NRF Rating --- h-index (scopus) 4 Masters students (current) 3

Doctoral students (current) 3

Masters students (completed) 1

Doctoral students (completed) 1

Postdocs ---

Collaborators 4

Publications 16

National Conferences 5

International Conferences 5

Professor Lortan joined the Department in 1995 and is an focuses on Community-Based Participatory Research, the Associate Professor. His areas of expertise include general Enablers and Impediments to Articulation within the South relativity, community engagement and articulation within African Post-School Education and Training sector. post-school education and training. His current research

Prof. David Day

Collaborators 4

Publications 16

National Conferences 5

International Conferences 5

Professor Day joined the Department in 1988 and is an Associate Professor. His research interest is in Graph Theory (Connectivity).

Dr. Sifso Ngubelanga

Dr Sifiso Ngubelanga’s focus area is the modeling of compact objects such as neutron stars, quark stars and pulsars within the framework of Einstein’s theory of general relativity.

105 Dr Narenee Mewalal

Dr Mewalal graduated with a PhD in relativistic astrophysics in the Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit at UKZN in 2019. Her research includes generating exact solutions of the Einstein field equations via conformal transformations and modelling dissipative gravitational collapse.

Dr Adhir Maharaj

h-index (scopus) 3

Collaborators 12

Publications 21

National Conferences 2

International Conferences 2

Dr Maharaj joined the department in 2010 and is a lecturer. application Lie classical mechanics, quantum mechanics and He is currently a senior lecturer in the department. Dr mathematical biology. Differential sequences generated Maharaj’s work analyses the algebraic properties of ordinary by recursion operators in terms of their symmetry and and partial differential equations which arise in mathematical singularity properties are also subject of research. and scientific studies and their solution. Particular areas of Dr TG Mkhize

Dr Mkhize’s research focuses on the theoretical group properties to the classification of nonlinear differential equations. These research activities range from applications in Applied Mathematics, Mathematical Biology as well as applications to differential equations arising from Stochastic processes in Financial Mathematics. This has also included group techniques to the classification of nonlinear differential equations with jump terms with application.

Mr S.M Mtshali

Mr S.M Mtshali joined the department of Mathematics in effects of free movement of individuals (workforce) from August 2020 and is a lecturer. His research interest is in traditional society to industrial society, the economic effects mathematical biology. His current research focuses on the of the free movement of individuals from the industrial economic impact of the relocation of workforces (both society to traditional society, and the economic effect of the HIV negative and HIV positive) between traditional society free movement of individuals in both ways. and industrial society. The aim is to evaluate the economic POST-DOCTORAL FELLOWS

The Department of Mathematics is currently hosting two postdoctoral fellows under the mentorship of Professor Megandhren Govender. They are: • Dr Robert S. Bogadi, Durban University of Technology Postdoctoral fellowship. • Dr Nolene F. Naidu, National Research Foundation Postdoctoral fellowship. 106 RESEARCH OUTPUTS NATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Bogadi, R.S., Govender, M. and Maharaj, A. Relativistic thermodynamics of radiating stars. International Symmetries Conference, Sani Pass, Drakensberg, September 2019. 2. Brijlall, D. Using a constructive theory to formulate genetic decompositions for quality mathematics teaching. In: J. Naidoo & R. Mudaly (eds.). Proceedings of the 25th Annual Congress of the Association for Mathematics Education of South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pinetown, 1-5 July 2019. 3. Govender, M. Invited Keynote speaker: 4th Interdisciplinary Research and Postgraduate Conference, Hilton Hotel, Durban, September 2019. 4. Govender, M. Presentation at Faculty Research Day, 2019, Probing Higher Dimensions with Modified Theories of Gravity, Maharani Hotel, November2019 . 5. Bogadi, R., Govender, M. and Moyo, S. Stability analysis in gravitationally collapsing systems, Symmetries Conference, Sani Pass, Drakensberg, September 2019. 6. Brijlall, D. Panel discussion. 9th Teacher Education and Interdisciplinary Research Conference, October, 7th - 10th, Zimbabwe 2019 2017 7. Rajah, S. Conceptualising community engagement within a South African indigenous education model. Community Engagement: Towards Social and Epistemic Justice, Durban, South Africa, 31 May – 2 June 2017. 2016

8. Brijlall, D. and Ally, N. Transforming traditional mathematics classrooms using E-learning support. First International Conference on Transformative Education Research and Sustainable Development, Dhulikhel, Nepal, October 2016.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Bogadi, R.S., Govender, M and Maharaj, S.D. Stability analysis in gravitationally collapsing systems. Symmetries Conference, 10th Alexander Friedmann Conference on Gravitation and Cosmology, St Petersburg, Russia, April 2019. 2017

2. Duba, C. T., Soret and Dufour. Effects on Thermohaline Convection in Rotating fluids. SIAM GS 2017 SIAM Conference on Mathematical and Computational Issues in Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany. 2016

3. Govender, M. Relativistic compact objects with a linear equation of state. 11th AIMS Conference on Differential Equations, Orlando, Florida, July 2016. 4. Govender, M. The Role of an Equation of State in Modeling Relativistic Compact Stars. 21st International Conference on Relativity and Gravitation, Columbia University, New York, July 2016.

107 JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2019

1. Ndlovu, Z. and Brijlall, D. (2019). Pre-service teachers’ mental constructions when using Cramer’s rule. South African Journal of Education 39(1): 1-13.

2. Madonsela, P.S., Ndlovu, Z.A. and Brijlall, D. (2019). Teaching and learning of trigonometry as emancipatory in schools. The Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning 14(2): 72-91. 3. Brijlall, D. and Ndlazi, N.J. (2019). Analysing engineering students’ understanding of integration to propose a genetic decomposition. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2019.01.006.

4. Brijlall, D. (2020). Best practices and case studies of teaching and learning mathematics in higher education. In: M. Sony, K.T. Karingada and N. Baporikar (eds.). Quality Management Implementation in Higher Education: Practices, Models, and Case Studies. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. DOI:10.4018/978-1-5225-9829-9.

5. Govender, M., Mewelal, N. and Hansraj, S. (2019). The role of an equation of state in the dynamical (in)stability of a radiating star. European Physical Journal C 79: 24.

6. Bhar, P. and Govender, M. (2019). Charged Compact Star in Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss ­Bonnet Gravity, Ast rophys, Space Sci. 364 :186. 7. Bharu, W., Lortan, D. and Maistry, S. (2019). A Case Study of Curriculum Articulation in a Child and Youth Care Programme between a Training Organisation and a University of Technology, The Interdisciplinary Journal of Econ omi cs and Business Law {IJEBL), 8: 11-37.

8. Maistry, A., Lortan, D. and Grobbelar, H. (2019). Participatory Management as an Enabl er of Articulation in the Post -School Environment: A case study of a University of Technology and Technical and Vocational Education and Training College, The In terdi sci plenary. Journal of Economics and Business Law (IJEBL), 8: 232 - 263 2018

9. Ndlazi, N.J. and Brijlall, D. (2018). Exploring engineering students’ understanding of techniques of integration. Journal for New Generation Sciences 16(2): 59-75.

10. Ally, N. and Brijlall, D. (2018). Validating a Research Instrument: Diagnostic test for first year university of technology Engineering Mathematics students. International Journal of Teaching and Learning 4(1): 7-15.

11. Naidu, N.F., Govender, M. and Maharaj, S.D. (2018). Radiating star with a time-dependent Karmarkar condition. Eur. Phys. J. C, 78: 48. 12. Govender, M., Maharaj, A., Lortan, D.B. and Day, D. (2018). Temperature evolution in the presence of anisotropic stresses, Astrophysics and Space Science 363: 165.

13. Hansraj S., Govender, M. and Mewelal, N. (2018). Modern Physics Letters A 33: 25. 2017

14. Brijlall, D. (2017). Using questionnaires in the learning of congruency of triangles to incite formal and informal reasoning. International Journal of Educational Sciences 17(1-3): 224-237.

15. Maharaj, A. and Brijlall, D. (2017). Exploring Moodle as a platform in promoting effective mathematics teaching and learning. PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(6): 32-49.

16. Brijlall, D. and Thabethe, B.M. (2017). An exploration of the utilisation of mathematical skills by Technology Education pre-service teachers during electronic systems design. PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(5): 159-178.

17. Brijlall, D. and Maharaj, A. (2017). Using group-work as a learning strategy of Laplace Transform by engineering students. PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(6): 345-354.

18. Maharaj, A. and Brijlall, D. (2017). Using groupwork as a learning strategy for Inverse Laplace Transform by engineering students. PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(8): 166-180.

19. Brijlall, D. (2017). Exploring in-service teachers’ definition making of certain classes of geometrical shapes within a van Hiele framework.PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(7): 305-321.

20. Krsihnanair, A., Maharaj, A. and Brijlall, D. (2017). Mathematical literacy curriculum for the first year non-science major students: impressions of purpose versus experience of purpose. PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(8): 291-310.

21. Bansilal, S., Brijlall, D. and Trigueros, M. (2017). An APOS study on pre-service teachers’ understanding of injections and surjections. Journal of Mathematical Behaviour 48: 22-37.

22. Dlamini, R.B., Brijlall, D. and Jojo, Z. (2017). Exploring common errors made by high school students in Differential Calculus. PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(8): 310-331.

23. Dlamini, R, B., Brijlall, D. and Jojo, Z. (2017). Exploring possible causes of poor performance by high school students in Differential Calculus. PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(8): 295-309.

24. Maharaj, A. and Brijlall, D. (2017). Group dynamics involving engineering students solving Fourier Series problems. PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(8): 342-354.

25. Dlamini, R.B., Brijlall, D. and Jojo, Z. (2017). Exploring possible intervention programmes to improve learner performance in certain application problems in Calculus. PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(9): 189-213.

26. Brijlall, D. (2017). Exploring possible causes of poor performance by engineering students in Fourier Transforms: an APOS analysis. PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(9): 111-123.

27. Brijlall, D. (2017). Exploring outcomes of a post graduate mathematics curriculum. New Generation Sciences 15(1): 207-223. 28. Naidu, N. F., Govender, M., Thirukkanesh, S. and Maharaj, S. D. Radiating fluid sphere immersed in an anisotropic atmosphere. General Relativity and Gravitation 49(95): 12.

29. Maurya, S.K., Ratanpal, B.S. and Govender, M. (2017). Anisotropic stars for spherically symmetric spacetimes satisfying the Karmarkar condition. Annals of Physics 382: 36.

30. Maurya, S.K. and Govender, M. (2017). A family of charged compact objects with anisotropic pressure. The European Physical Journal C 77: 420. 31. Maurya, S. K. and Govender, M. (2017). Generating physically realizable stellar structures via embedding. The European Physical Journal C 77: 347. 32. Bhar, P., Govender, M. and Sharma, R. (2017). A comparative study between EGB gravity and GTR by modeling compact stars. EPJC 77: 109.

108 33. Newton Singh, Ksh., Pant, N. and Govender, M. (2017). Anisotropic compact stars in Karmarkar spacetime, Chinese Phys. J.,015103 34. Govender, M., Bogadi, R. S., Maharaj, S. D. (2017). The influence of an equation-of-state during radiative collapse, IJMPD, 26, 1750065 35. Bhar, Piyali; Govender, Megan. (2017). Anisotropic charged compact star of embedding class I, IJMPD, 26, 1750053. 36. Bhar, P, Govender, M and Sharma, R. Modeling Anisotropic Stars Obeying Chaplygin Equation of State, Pramana J. Phys. 37. Mkhize, T.G., Govinder, K., Moyo, S. and Meleshko, S.V. (2017). Linearization criteria for systems of two second-oder stochastic ordinary differential equations. Applied Mathematics and Computation 301: 25-35.

38. Leach, P.G.L., Maharaj, P.G.L., Leach, A. and Andriopoulos, K. (2017). Generalised Riccati Sequences. PONTE: International Journal of Science and Research 73(5): 223-237.

39. Leach, P.G.L., Maharaj, A. and Andriopoulos, K. (2017). Generalised Riccati Sequences. PONTE: International Journal of Science and Research 73(5) 274-288. 40. Maharaj, A. (2017). Singularity Analysis of Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations. PONTE: International Journal of Science and Research 73(7) 395-405. 41. Maharaj, A. (2017). A brief history of lie symmetries with applications to ordinary differential equations. PONTE: International Journal of Science and Research 73(7): 425- 448.

42. Maharaj, A, (2017). Symmetry properties of a linear differential sequence of linear equations. PONTE: International Journal of Science and Research 73(9): 285- 291. 43. Maharaj, A. (2017). A differential sequence generated by a second-order recursion operator. PONTE: International Journal of Science and Research 73(10): 25- 30. 44. Maharaj, A., Lortan D.B. and Govender, M. (2017). Symmetry properties of a novel riccati sequence. PONTE: International Journal of Science and Research. 45. Maistry, S. and Lortan, D. (2017). Lessons from the global south: knowledge democracy and epistemic justice in higher education institutions in South Africa. JNGS 15(1): 123-139.

46. Ally, N. (2017). Enhancing mathematics learning through online quiz testing at a university of technology. Ponte: Journal of Sciences and Research 73(11) Available http://dx.doi. org/10.21506/j.ponte.2017.11.36. 2016

47. Ally, N., Brijlall, D. and Maharaj, M. (2016). Investigating the impact of E-learning support material on mathematics learning. Journal of Communication 49(9): 145- 156.

48. Ndlovu, Z. and Brijlall, D. (2016). Preservice mathematics teachers’ mental constructions of the determinant concept. International Journal of Educational Sciences 14(1,2): 145-156.

49. Ndlovu, Z.A. and Brijlall, D. (2015). Pre-service teachers’ mental constructions of concepts in matrix algebra: A South African case. African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. DOI:10.1080/10288-457.2015.1028717.

50. Brijlall, D. and Niranjan, C. (2015). Using manipulatives to support an embodied approach to learning trigonometry in a South African school: A case study. Africa Education Review 12(3): 361-380.

51. Maharaj, A., Brijlall, D. and Narain, O.K. (2015). Improving proficiency in mathematics through website-based tasks: A case of basic algebra. International Journal of Educational Sciences 8(2): 369-386.

52. Brijlall, D. (2015). Exploring the stages of polya’s problem solving model during collaborative learning: A case of fractions. International Journal of Educational Sciences 11(3): 291-299.

53. Brijlall, D. (2014). Exploring the Gurteen Knowledge Café approach as an innovative teaching for learning strategy with first-year engineering students. Groupwork 24(3): 26-45.

54. Ally, N., Brijlall, D., Rajah, R.R., Day, D. and Maharaj, M. (2015). Using E-learning Support as a Sustainable Communication Tool. Journal of Communication 6(1): 172-181.

55. Thirukkanesh, S., Govender, M. and Lortan, D.B. (2015). Spherically symmetric static matter configurations with vanishing radial pressure. International Journal of Modern Physics - D 24: 1550002.

56. Govender, M. and Thirukkanesh, S. (2015). Anisotropic static spheres with linear equation of state in isotropic coordinates. Astrophysics and Space Science: 358(16).

57. Reddy, K.P., Govender, M. and Maharaj, S.D. (2015). Impact of anisotropic stresses during dissipative gravitational collapse. General Relativity and Gravitation 47(35).

PUBLISHED ACCREDITED CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS PUBLICATION 2019

1. Brijlall, D. (2019). Using a constructivist theory to formulate genetic decompositions for quality mathematics teaching. In J. Naidoo & R. Mudaly (Ed.). 25th Annual National Congress of the Association for Mathematics Education of South Africa. Developing deep mathematical Thinking through Mathematics Teaching, July 1st-51\ 2019. Pinetown, South Africa.

2. Mkhize, T.G., Ogius, G.F., Govinder, K.S., Moyo, S. and Meleshko, S.V. (2019). Group classification of Systems of Two Linear Second-Order Stochastic Ordinary Differential Equations, AIP Conference Proceedings: 2153(1):020012.

109 112 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Research Focus Area Sustainable Energy 112

111 RESEARCH FOCUS AREA SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

Sustainable energy is the efficient provision of energy that meets the present needs of society without compromising the energy needs of future generations. The excessive burning of fossil fuels has also contributed to global warming which leads to climate change and has impacted negatively on our environment. Hence, for the sustainable development of the energy sector and its effect on our environment, there is an urgent need to address energy shortage, global warming and the reduction in carbon emissions to the atmosphere.

Energy conservation and renewable energy are two solutions that have been identified globally in order to address the sustainability of the energy sector as well as the protection of our environment. Strategies are being developed to reduce the dependence on fossil resources by reducing energy consumption through energy savings programs. These programs focus on the reduction of energy consumption and energy efficient technologies in the industrial, commercial and domestic domains. Another strategy is to identify renewable energy sources and developing technologies and utilise these in an efficient and effective way. Renewable energy sources include solar energy, wind energy, sea wave energy, small hydro-power, bioenergy, geothermal energy and tidal power. Research and development involving these renewable energy sources has a vital role to play in order to exploit the potential of our natural resources. The research in the areas of renewable energy and energy efficiency has attracted considerable interest globally, especially the innovative designing of economically competitive energy systems. Improving the efficiency of the conventional grid and distribution system is another research aspect to make the energy sector sustainable.

Research in the sustainable energy area at DUT includes solar thermal energy, solar photovoltaics, wind energy, biogas, energy management and energy efficiency. Solar thermal research includes integrated collector and storage solar water heating systems, and thermal storage for residential, commercial and industrial applications. Research in photovoltaic and wind energy comprises of stand- alone and hybrid energy generation system designing, optimisation, simulation and performance analysis. Research in biogas aims to investigate the energy generation potential and the removal of impurities in the generated gas from different residential and industrial organic waste. Through the process of energy management and energy efficiency, energy savings and economic viability are assessed and achieved for different renewable and conventional energy solutions for industrial and commercial sectors. Building energy research targets optimisation of particularly glazed components in residential and commercial buildings for energy efficiency and indoor visual comforts.

112 LEAD RESEARCHERS

Prof. Ian Joseph Lazarus

h-index (scopus) 7 Masters students (current) 4

Doctoral students (current) 4

Masters students (completed) 2

Doctoral students (completed) 1

Postdocs ---

Collaborators 10

Publications 23

National Conferences 15

International Conferences 5

Professor Lazarus pursued a masters degree in Nuclear in creating an interdisciplinary Renewable and Sustainable Physics at University of Durban-Westville (UDW) under Energy Research Group (RSERG) at DUT. He has also been the expert guidance of Prof. Krish Bharuth-Ram. He also responsible for creating various energy research facilities at showed an interest in theoretical physics while working as a DUT as well as remote sites. These include a weather station senior research assistant in the field of plasma physics. The that obtains meteorological data, which is essential for the mathematical nature of space physics and its unknown and assessment and analysis of the viability of renewable energy unanswered nature led him to pursue a doctoral degree in generation. A solar photovoltaic rooftop research facility Plasma Physics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, focusing was installed on DUT’s library rooftop and was completed on linear and nonlinear wave phenomena in electron- in partnership with Siemens. A more recent and much larger positron plasmas. In addition to his research in plasma physics photovoltaic system was installed on the library roof, with and nuclear physics, Prof. Lazarus is actively involved with the design and installation team comprising of staff and research in renewable and sustainable energy. He presently students. The installed systems will act as ongoing research manages DUT’s Energy Technology Station, called the KZN facilities leading to a number of student projects. Data from Industrial Energy Efficient Training and Resource Centre. Prof. the above two facilities are collected and analysed within the Lazarus also supervises masters and doctoral students in radiation monitoring room by students and researchers. renewable and sustainable energy. He has been instrumental

113 Honorary Prof. Krish Bharuth-Ram

NRF Rating C2

Doctoral students (current) 1

Masters students (completed) 21

Doctoral students (completed) 5

Collaborators 15

Honorary Professor Krish Bharuth-Ram completed his research collaboration with colleagues in Germany has undergraduate degree at the University of Fort Hare, strengthened with the award of the DFG-NRF bi-lateral majoring in mathematics, physics and applied mathematics research grant from 2013 – 2015, followed by the award (distinction), followed by the BSc Hons degree in physics by the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung of a grant to at the University of Natal (Durban). He joined the physics establish a Research Partnership Program between DUT staff at the erstwhile University College-Durban in 1963 and the Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany. His as a junior lecturer while at the same time beginning study current research activity is mainly focused on applications of towards the MSc degree in plasma physics at UND. After radioactive ion beams in materials research, in collaboration completing his MSc degree, Prof. Bharuth-Ram proceeded with colleagues at the Universities of Goettingen and Jena on a scholarship from the Royal Commission of the 1851 (Germany) and Lisbon (Portugal) as well as in the ISOLDE Exhibition to Oxford University where he completed his Collaboration at CERN. DPhil in Nuclear Physics and returned to the University Prof. Bharuth-Ram served as Director of Durban-Westville. Prof. Bharuth-Ram was head of the of iThemba LABS from 2005 - 2006, and as Executive Department of Physics at the University of Durban-Westville Director / Vice President of the NRF with responsibility from 1981- 1997. In 2008 the University of Pretoria conferred for the national research facilities from 2007 – 2008. He an honorary DSc on Prof. Bharuth-Ram. also served as Head of the National Advisory Council on Professor Bharuth-Ram was awarded a Senior Research Innovation, Department of Science and Technology, July Fellowship by the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung 2010 to July 2012. (Germany) in 1976 when he undertook research in He is currently head of the SA-ISOLDE programme within nuclear spectroscopy at the University of Köln. The the SA-CERN Program.

Collaborators

Prof. C. Ronning (Germany), Prof. P. Schaaf (Germany), Prof. D. Naidoo (WITS), Dr U. Wahl (Lisbon), Prof. T.B. Doyle (UKZN, iThemba LABS).

114 EMERGING RESEARCHERS

Dr Kevin Reddy

h-index (scopus) 7

Collaborators 4

Publications 2

National Conferences 2

Dr Reddy joined the institution in 1996. His areas of experimental datasets, and Physics Education based on the expertise include high critical temperature Superconductivity, phenomenological paradigm to probe the underperformance Compact stars undergoing dissipative gravitational of level 1 physics learners at University. collapse - comparing theoretical results with NASA’s

Mr Dumisani Gxawu

of metallic inclusions in the De Beers diamonds. Currently registered at the University of Johannesburg, Mr Gxawu is on the verge of submitting his PhD thesis on particle-solid Mr Dumisani Gxawu completed his Bachelor of Science interactions with a special focus on Muon Spin Rotation/ degree at the University of Durban-Westville with majors in Resonance/Relaxation studies of hydrogen dynamics in ultra- physics, mathematics and applied mathematics. Subsequent pure synthetic diamonds. He also has published papers on to this, postgraduate qualifications in physics were achieved positron annihilation spectroscopy, wherein open-volume both at Honours and masters degree level. His MSc study defect profiling was performed using more versatile doppler area dealt with Mossbauaer Spectroscopy investigations broadening and life-time spectroscopy techniques.

Mr Deepak Singh

and Mathematics and an honours degree in Physics at the same institution. He completed a masters degree in Physics at Northern Illinois University in the USA. Currently, his Mr Singh completed his Bachelor of Pedagogics degree at interests are in Statistical Physics, Renewable Energy and the University of Durban-Westville specialising in Physics Physics Education.

115 Mr Rajesh Haripersad Mr Haripersad completed his BSc degree at the University of South Africa (UNISA) majoring in mathematics and

chemistry. His masters degree in technology education was obtained from the Durban University of Technology (DUT). He is presently registering for a doctoral degree on renewable and sustainable energy, focusing on energy efficiency in buildings. His research areas are also in mathematics, science and engineering and technology education. He is actively involved in research and has peer- reviewed numerous conference papers and articles. He worked at Portnet and a construction company before joining the university.

Mr Nkosana Kgasi

Mr Kgasi obtained his BSc (Physics and Mathematics) and BSc (Hons) (Physics) from the University of

Durban-Westville(UDW). He obtained his MSc (particle physics)

at the University of Durham. His research interests are in particle physics phenomenology and quantum field theory.

Mr Vusumuzi Masondo Mr Vusumuzi Masondo obtained his BSc (Materials Science with

I Physics) at the University of Witwatersrand (Wits). He then went to pursue his postgraduate studies in the field of nuclear physics at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) through the MANUS/MATSCI programme and obtained his Honours in physics. He is nuclear physics (cum laude) and MSc in nuclear currently registered at UWC as a PhD student, looking at in

air and in-situ simulation and measurements of fast

neutrons using proton based and deuterated organic scintillators NE213 and NE230 respectively, with an m ai to apply his findings and techniques used in neutron therapy treatment and accelerator based nuclear reactor studies.

RESEARCH OUTPUTS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Adebiyi, A.A., Lazarus, I.J., Saha, A.K. and Ojo, High E.E.PV penetration impact on an unbalanced distribution network. 2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica. 2. Adebiyi, A.A., Lazarus, I.J., Saha, A.K. and Ojo, E.E. Investigation to determine the impacts of spv penetration on an unbalanced distribution grid. 2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica.

3. Lazarusi, I.J. and Zeelie, E. International Conference of Sustainable Cities, Yazd, Iran, 28-29 January 2019. 2018

4. Adebiyi, A.A., Lazarus, I.J., Saha, A.K and Ojo, E.E. Performance analysis of PV panels connected in various orientations under different climate conditions. SASEC 2018, 5th Southern Africa Solar Energy Conference. ISBN: 978-0-7972-1765-2. 5. Singh, R. and Lazarus, I.J. Energy and daylighting performances of highly glazed buildings. 14th Conference of IBPSA. ISBN: 978-93-5230-118-8. 2015

6. Haripersad, R., Singh, R. and Lazarus, I.J. Impact on embodied energy and construction cost in low cost housing in South Africa. Journal of Green Economy and Development (JGED), 2nd International Conference, Makaranga Lodge, Kloof, 8-10 July 2015.

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2019

1. Adebiyi, A.A., Lazarus, I.J., Saha, A.K. and Ojo, E.E.Performance (2019). analysis of 8 KW gridtied solar photovoltaic power plant in Durban, South Africa. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), 10(04): 82–95.

2. Bashir, A.K., Mayedwa, N., Kaviyarasu, K., Razanamahandry, L.C., Matinise, N., Bharuth-Ram, K., Tchoula Tchokonté, M.B., Ezema, F.I. and Maaza, M. (2019). Investigation of electrochemical performance of the biosynthesized α-Fe2O3 nanorods. Surf Interfaces 17: 100345.

3. Qi, B., Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Gerami, A.M., Gislason, H.P., Ólafsson, S., Magnus, F., Mølholt, T.E., Masenda, H., Martín Lueugo, A.T., Bonanni, A., Krastev, P.B., Masondo, V., Unzueta, I., Bharuth-Ram, K., Johnston, K., Naidoo, D., Schell, J. and Schaaf, P. (2019). Fe Mössbauer study of epitaxial TiN thin film grown on MgO (1 0 0) by magnetron sputtering. Applied Surface Science 464: 682-691.

4. Bashir, A.K.H., Furqan, C.M., BharuthRam, K., Kaviyarasu, K., Tchokonté, M.B.T. and Maaza, M. (2019). Structural, optical and Mössbauer investigation on the biosynthesized α-Fe2O3: Study on different precursors. Physica E 111: 152-157.

5. Bharuth-Ram, K., Masenda, H., Ronning, C. and Hofsäss, H. (2019). Fe3C nanoparticle formation in Fe implanted HOPG and CVD diamond. Hyperfine Interact 240: 76. Costa, A.R.G., Wahl, U., Correia, J.G., David-Bosne, E., Augustyns, V., Lima, T.A.L., Silva, D.J., da Silva, M.R., Bharuth- Ram, K. and Pereira, L.M.C. (2019). Lattice location study of low-fluence ion-implanted 124in 3C-SiC. Journal of Applied Physics 125: 215706. 2018

6. Lazarus, I.J. (2018). Electrostatic waves in magnetized electron-positron plasmas. Charged Particles. ISBN: 978-1-78985-396-4. 7. Singh, R., Sawhney, R.L., Lazarus, I.J. and Kishore, V.V.N. (2018). Recent advancements in earth air tunnel heat exchanger (EATHE) system for indoor thermal comfort application: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 82: 2162-2185.

8. Bharuth-Ram, K., Ronning, C. and Doyle, T.B. (2018). Magnetic nanocluster formation of Fe ions embedded in SiO2 and Al2O3 substrates. MRS Advances 3: 2603- 2608. 2017

9. Mugemana, A., Moolla, S. and Lazarus, I.J. (2017). Nonlinear waves in electron-positron-ion plasmas including charge separation. Pramana Journal of Physics 88: 23. 2016

10. Bharuth-Ram, K., Molholt, T.E., Langouche, G., Geburt, S., Ronning, C., Doyle, T.B., Gunnlaugsson, H. P., Johnston, K., Mantovan, R., Masenda, H., Naidoo, D., Ncube, M., Gislason, H., Ólafsson, S. and Weyer, G. (2016). Sensitivity of 57Fe emission Mössbauer spectroscopy to Ar and C induced defects in ZnO. Hyperfine Interact 237: 81.

11. Krastev, P.B., Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Nomura, K., Adoons, V., Gerami, A.M., Johnston, K., Ncube, M., Mantovan, R., Masenda, H., Matveyev, Y.A., Molholt, T.E., Unzueta, I., Bharuth-Ram, K., Gislason, H., Langouche, G., Naidoo, D. and Ólafsson, S. (2016). 57 Fe emission Mössbauer study on Gd3 Ga5 O12 implanted with dilute 5 7 Mn. Hyperfine Interact 237: 32.

12. Lazarus, I.J., Bharuthram, R., Moolla, S., Singh, S.V. and Lakhina, G.S. (2016). Nonlinear electrostatic solitary waves in electron-positron plasmas. Journal of Plasma Physics 82: 905820108.

13. Masenda, H., Geburt, S., BharuthRam, K., Naidoo, D., Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Johnston, K., Mantovan, R., Molholt, T.E., Ncube, M. Shayestehaminzadeh, S., Gislason, H.P., Langouche, G., Ólafsson, S. and Ronning, C. (2016). Emission Mössbauer spectroscopy study of fluence dependence of paramagnetic relaxation in Mn/Fe implanted ZnO. Hyperfine Interact 237: 40. 117 14. Masenda, H., Naidoo, D., Bharuth-Ram, K., Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Johnston, K., Mantovan, R., Molholt, T.E., Ncube, M., Shayestehaminzadeh, S., Gíslason, H.P., Langouche, G., Ólafsson, S. and Eyer, G. (2016). Lattice sites, charge states and spin–lattice relaxation of Fe ions in 57Mn+ implanted GaN and AlN. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 401: 1130 -1138.

15. Pillay, B., Ramdial, P.K., Naidoo, D.P., Sartorius, B. and Singh, D. (2016). Endovascular therapy for large vessel vasculopathy in HIV-infected patients. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 52: 1-9.

16. Singh, R., Lazarus, I.J. and Kishore, V.V.N. (2016). Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of energy and visual performances of office building with external venetian blind shading in hot-dry climate. Applied Energy 184: 155-170.

17. Singh, R., Lazarus, I.J. and Souliotis, M. (2016). Recent developments in integrated collector storage (ICS) solar water heaters. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews 54: 270-298.

18. Souliotis, M., Singh, R., Papaefthimiou, S., Lazarus, I. J. and Andriosopoulos, K. (2016). Integrated collector storage solar water heaters: survey and recent developments. Energy Systems 7: 49-72.

19. Wolf, S., Rensberg, J., Johannes, A., Thomae, R., Smit, F.D., Neveling, R., Moodley, M.K., Bierschenk, T.H., Rodriguez, M., Afra, B., Bin Hasan, S., Rockstuhl, C., Ridgway, M., Bharuth-Ram, K. and Ronning, C. (2016). Shape manipulation of ion irradiated Ag nanopar ticles embedded in lithium niobite. Nanotechnol 27: 175301. 2015

20. Abiona, A.A., Kemp, W., Timmers, H. and Bharuth-Ram, K. Palladium (2015). defect complexes in diamond and silicon carbide. Hyperfine Interact 23 0 : 115 - 122.

21. Beckmann, C., Zhang, K., Hofsass, H., Bruesewitz, C., Vetter, U., Bharuth-Ram, K. (2015). Mossbauer spectroscopy study of surfactant sputtering induced Fe silicide formation on a Si surface. Applied Surface Sciience 357: 493-497.

22. Bharuth-Ram, K., Doyle, T.B., Zhang, K., Masenda, H., Hofsäss, H. (2015). Instability of Ferromagnetic Nanoclusters in Fe implanted amorphous SiO2. Physics Procedia 75: 565-571.

23. Bharuth-Ram, K., Masenda, H., Doyle, T.B., Geburt, S. and Ronning, C. (2015). Nanocluster formation in Co/Fe implanted ZnO. Hyperfine Interact 230: 181-186.

24. Dasireddy, V.D.B.C., Bharuth-Ram, K., Harilal, A., Singh, S. and Friedrich, H.B. (2015). Fe phase complexes and their thermal stability in iron phosphate catalysts supported on silica. Hyperfine Interact 231: 137- 142.

25. Dzinavatonga, K., Bharuth-Ram, K. and Medupe, T. (2015). Mossbauer spectroscopy analysis of valence states of iron in historical documents obtained from the National Library of South Africa. Journal of Cultural Heritage 16: 377-380.

26. Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Bharuth-Ram, K., Johnston, K., Langouche, G., Mantovan, R., Molholt, T.E., Naidoo, D., Olafsson, S. and Weyer, G. (2015). Damage annealing in low temperature Fe/Mn implanted ZnO”. Hyperfine Interact 230: 175-180. 27. Khan, F.B., Dasireddy, V.D.B.C., Bharuth-Ram, K., Masenda, H. and Friedrich, H.B. (2015). A study of the effect of cesium loading on the phase transformation of iron in iron phosphate over the oxidative dehydrogenation reactions. Hyperfine Interact 231: 123-129.

28. Mantovan, R., Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Johnston, K., Masenda, H., Molholt, T.E., Naidoo, D., Ncube, M., Bharuth-Ram, K., Fanciulli, M., Gislason, H.P., Langouche, G., Olafson, S., Pereira, L.M.C., Wahl, U., Torelli, P. and Weyer, G. (2015). Atomic scale magnetic properties of truly 3d-diluted ZnO. Advanced Electronic Materials 1: 1-9.

29. Ndlangamandla, L., Bharuth-Ram, K., Ndwandwe, O.M., Ngom, B.D. and Maaza, M. (2015). Aqueous synthesis of Ru doped hematite nanostructures: A morphological, structural, optical and magnetic study. Journal of Nanoparticles 654587 7.

30. Padayachee, D., Dasireddy, V.D.B.C., Bharuth-Ram, K., Singh, S. and Friedrich, H.B. (2015). Phase transformation of iron in hydroxyapatite in the activation of n-octane. Hyperfine Interact 231: 131- 136.

31. Reddy, K.P., Govender, M. and Maharaj, S.D. (2015). Impact of anisotropic stresses during dissipative gravitational collapse. General Relativity and Gravitation 47: 1-25.

32. Singh, R., Lazarus, I.J. and Kishore, V.V.N. (2015). Effect of internal woven roller shade and glazing on the energy and daylighting performances of an office building in the cold climate of Shillong. Applied Energy 159: 317-333.

BOOK CHAPTERS

1. Lazarus, Charged I.J. Particles: ‘Electrostatic Waves in Magnetized Electron-Positron Plasmas’. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80958/. ISBN: 978-1-78985-395-7. Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80958. pp. 57-74.

2. Singh, R. and Lazarus, I.J. (2018). Energy-efficient building construction and embodied energy. Sustainability Through Energy-Efficient Buildings. ISBN: 978-1-1380- 6675-5.

118 122 DEPARTMENT OF SPORT STUDIES

Research Areas Sport Performance and Coaching 12 1 Sport Media and Marketing 121

120 The mission of the Department of Sport Studies is to empower students to build sustainable futures in sport. This includes the development of practical skills which will make students immediately employable, whilst also creating employment opportunities through research into and advocacy of the need for sport scientists, sport coaches and sport business persons within the wider community.

RESEARCH AREA SPORT PERFORMANCE AND COACHING

Analysing current performance level and applying appropriate intervention to improve performance for both individual and team sports.

Training and development of coaches to allow them to develop and improve the skills of their athletes.

RESEARCH AREA SPORT MEDIA AND MARKETING

Ultimately sport public relations is responsible for creating and maintaining a mutually favourable relationship between a sport organisation and its key public. Based on this premise the sporting industry serves a management function which involves the management of communication, reputation and relationships that determine the success or failure of that sport organisation. The role of public relations within sporting organisations has acquired considerable significance in the new media era, making the job of a public relations professional equally easier and more difficult in terms of understanding social media, how sport organisations use it and how to connect with the public. There is therefore a need to assess the impact of social media communication tools within the sporting industry.

121 EMERGING RESEARCHERS

FIELD OF INTEREST: Sport and Exercise Physiology, Strength and Conditioning. Female Athlete Performance, Fatigue and Performance Prof. Cindy Pienaar

h-index (scopus) 4 Masters students (current) 2

Doctoral students (current) ---

Masters students (completed) 5

Doctoral students (completed) 2

Postdocs ---

Collaborators 1

Publications 13

National Conferences 5

International Conferences 19

Professor Pienaar joined the department in 2018 as an various individual athletes as well as team sports. As Strength Associate Professor. As a qualified Sport Scientist, her and Conditioning Coach of the SA u21 netball team, she research interest relates to excelling human performance realized the need for research in female sports. This led to in individual and team sports. Performance testing and performance research in semi-professional female soccer analyses is one way of identifying the needs of an athlete and and hockey. She is currently collaborating with Professor monitoring fatigue and optimizing recovery is a vital piece of Sparks from the North West University investigating female the performance puzzle. Professor Pienaar has worked with performance in various sporting codes.

FIELD OF INTEREST: Sport Marketing and Management (including aspects of sport media, marketing and public relations) Dr Sameera Hussain

Masters students (current) 2

Doctoral students (current) ---

Publications 4

National Conferences 2

International Conferences 1

Dr Hussain joined the department in 2016 as a lecturer and and its affiliation to the sport industry. Relationship marketing in 2019 promoted to senior lecturer. Her areas of expertise is such a paradigm that provides sport marketers with the include sport management, sport marketing, sport media opportunity to establish, develop and maintain mutually & communication and sport public relations. Her current beneficial long-term associations with key stakeholders research areas centre around relationship marketing including fans, sponsors and the media. 122 FIELD OF INTEREST: Sport Science and Coaching Dr Jason Tee

h-index (scopus) 7 Masters students (current) 2

Doctoral students (current) 3

Masters students (completed) 2

Publications 24

National Conferences 5

International Conferences 12

Dr Jason Tee is a Strength and Conditioning coach and academics often are not privy to. This has also fuelled Dr researcher in athletic performance, focusing on injury Tee’s desire to produce relevant research which will impact reduction and training prescription, particularly in rugby practice at all levels of sport. Jason’s current areas of research union players. Prior to his career as a university lecturer, include reducing injury risk in rugby, integrating technical/ Jason spent 12 years working as a coach within youth and tactical and physical training, and the use of technology development sport. This practical experience provided a to support the promotion of physical activity in youth unique background to research and teaching, an aspect strict participants.

FIELD OF INTEREST: A community-based physical activity and health promotion intervention Ms Colleen Lotz

Publications 1

International Conferences 1

Various communities in South Africa are undergoing rapid Future Research areas include: epidemiological, nutritional and demographic transition. The establishment of testing norms for specific codes of These numerous changes created an increasing burden sport. The department is currently involved with Lifesaving of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and high levels of South Africa and sport focused schools. overweight individuals and obesity. It is of utmost importance Evaluation of fitness norms for the enrolment of first year that physical activity and health promotion programs are students and the impact that these fitness norms have on carried out in the South African student population to academic progress. ensure that young adults are not affected.

123 FIELD OF INTEREST: Health risk behaviour and disease prevention Mr Nevél Neveling

Masters students (completed) 3

Publications 10

National Conferences 16

International Conferences 2

By 2020, 70% of mortalities in South Africa are expected disease, and trauma. This will further aid in understanding to be as a result of non-communicable diseases. Physical the potential steps available for disease risk prevention and activity forms one of the pillars for primary and secondary mitigation. prevention of these conditions, and related morbidity Within the sporting environment, there is also a strong modification. Future research focus will be on better interest in the enhancement of preventative and rehabilitative understanding the risk behaviour patterns in select subset interventions for sport injury management. populations for non-communicable disease, communicable

FIELD OF INTEREST: Health risk behaviour and disease prevention Dr Shereen Currie

Publications 3

National Conferences 2

International Conferences 3

Dr Currie joined the department in 2017 and as a Lecturer; and association of obesity with various comorbidities. The she obtained her doctorate in November 2017. Her areas of effect of poor sleep habits on various lifestyle habits is expertise include health promotion, chronic diseases, obesity, another area of research interest. A further research interest health and wellness, and exercise rehabilitation. Her current includes physical activity habits of children. research focuses on incidence of obesity in the workplace,

124 RESEARCH OUTPUTS

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES 2019

1. Sparks, M. and Pienaar, World C.Congress on Performance Analysis in Spor t (Croatia). Global positioning system analysis of external loads during international women’s field hockey matches

2. Strauss, A., Sparks, M. and Pienaar, C. Asia Pacific Conference on Performance Analysis in Sport 2019 (Japan). The Use of GPS Analysis to Quantify the Internal and External Match Demands of Semi-Elite Level Female Soccer Players during a Tournament. Published in Japanese Journal of Rugby Science 31(2), 2019, Special Edition.

3. Strauss, A., Sparks, M. and Pienaar, C. South African Sports and Medicine Association / BRICSCESS Conference, Cape Town, South-Africa. Anaerobic performance characteristics of sub-elite female soccer players by playing position, and its relation to morphological profile. (Poster received a silver rewards at the conference)

4. Broodryk, A, Pienaar, C, Edwards, D, Sparks, M. The psycho-hormonal effects of aerobic fatigue on collegiate female soccer players. 5. Tee, J.C. and Rongen, F. Effective working processes employed by a multidisciplinary team to reduce injury outcomes in a professional rugby league academy. BRICSCESS / SASMA conference 2019. Cape Town 10 – 13 October 2019. (Awarded 1st prize for SASMA oral presentation) 6. Tee, J.C., Coopoo, Y., and Lambert, M.I. Pacing characteristics of whole and part-game players in professional rugby union. BRICSCESS / SASMA conference 2019. 10 – 13 October 2019. Cape Town.

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 2019

1. Strauss, A., Sparks, M. and Pienaar, C. The (2019). use of GPS analysis to quantify the internal and external match demands of semi-elite level female soccer players during a tournament. Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 18:73-81.

2. Broodryk, A., Pienaar, C. and Sparks, M. (2019). Effects of a soccer tournament on the psycho-hormonal states of collegiate female players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002993.

3. Broodryk, A., Pienaar, C., Edwards, D. and Sparks, M. (2017). The psycho-hormonal influence of anaerobic fatigue on semi-professional female soccer players. Physiology & Behavior, 180:8–14.

4. Strauss, A., Sparks, M. and Pienaar, C. (2019). The Use of GPS Analysis to Quantify the Internal and External Match Demands of Semi-Elite Level Female Soccer Players during a Tournament. Japanese Journal of Rugby Science, 31(2), Special Edition.

5. Tee, J.C., Coopoo, Y. and Lambert, M. Pacing characteristics of whole and part-game players in professional rugby union [published online ahead of print, 2019 Sep 10]. European Journal of Sport Science 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1660410

6. Green, A., Tee, J., and McKinon, W. (2019). A review of the biomechanical determinants of rugby scrummaging performance. South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2019/v31i1a7521.

7. Leduc, C., Tee J.C., Lacome, M., Weakley, J. and Cheradame, J., Ramirez, C. and Jones, B. (2019). Convergent validity, reliability and sensitivity of a running test to measure neuromuscular fatigue. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance.

8. Tee, J.C., McLaren, S.J. and Jones, B. Spor ts Injury Prevention is Complex: We Need to Invest in Better Processes, Not Singular Solutions. Sports Med. 2020;50(4):689- 702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01232-4

9. Strauss, A., Sparks, M. and Pienaar, C. Published Conference Proceedings: The Use of GPS Analysis to Quantify the Internal and External Match Demands of Semi- Elite Level Female Soccer Players during a Tournament. Published in Japanese Journal of Rugby Science 31(2), 2019, Special Edition.

125 130 DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS

Research Areas Statistical Consulting 128 Emerging Researchers 129

127 STATISTICAL CONSULTING

The Department of Statistics offers statistical consulting to staff and postgraduate students at DUT. The statistical consultants provide advice on the planning of the study and assist with the statistical analysis of the data. Biostatistics workshops are offered as support for researchers who require statistical methods for the interpretation and presentation of their research. These workshops present an introduction to biostatistics on a conceptual level and enable researchers to critique papers published in journals. Future plans include offering biostatistics workshops for postgraduate students in various disciplines. A sound knowledge of statistics is imperative for conducting quantitative research.

LEAD RESEARCHER Prof. Glenda Matthews

h-index 6

Masters students (complete) 12

Doctoral students (complete) 2

Doctoral students (current) 3

Collaborators 4

Professor Glenda Matthews lectured at the University of area involves establishing statistical models for determining Pretoria from 1978 to 1983 before joining the University of factors that affect early childhood cognitive development in KwaZulu-Natal in 1984. Professor Matthews was awarded a children in an impoverished region in KwaZulu-Natal. This PhD in mathematical statistics by the University of Pretoria research has focused on nutrition status as reflected by in 1995. In 2016 when Professor Matthews joined the anthropometric measures, socio-economic status, availability Department of Statistics at Durban University of Technology of pre-school education and geographic region of residence. she came with 30 years of lecturing experience and service at This research is important for the community and is an UKZN. Prof. Matthews is currently head of this department. ongoing project.

Her research interests are primarily in statistical modelling Professor Matthews also has a keen interest in building using generalised linear mixed models, multivariate analysis capacity in biostatistics in health sciences and has been and survival analysis. Maximum likelihood estimation in models part of a collaborative team which presented biostatistics where there are constraints placed on the parameters in workshops. the models has also been explored. Another research focus

128 EMERGING RESEARCHERS Dr. Anisha Ananth

Anisha Ananth has 16 years of service at DUT and graduated students’ key academic literacies. There is a need for deep with a PhD from UKZN in 2020. Her research topic was qualitative understanding of students’ learning in statistics, ‘Students’ experiences of learning statistics in a threshold and of ways in which it may be facilitated. This calls for an concepts- enriched tutorial programme’. alternate framing to the one inherent in the quantitative investigations of performance that predominate in statistics Fear and anxiety often characterises students’ feelings education in this country and internationally. The focus of towards studying statistics, As such, high failure rates and this research was the adoption of the Threshold Concepts concerns about the quality of learning and teaching in Framework (Meyer and Land, 2003) - a theoretical introductory statistics is a preponderate concern in the perspective that offers an encompassing view of disciplinary extant literature. Set against the backdrop of the South learning not previously used in this context – in order to African educational landscape, these concerns may be explore statistics students’ learning in a higher education compounded by the challenges posed by the gaps evident in tutorial programme.

Mr Tsepang Mzamane

Mr Tsepang Mzamane began his academic career at DUT currently registered for a PhD in Statistics at UKZN. His from 2013-2015. From 2016 to mid 2017, Mr Mzamane research focuses on ‘Longitudinal data analysis in health data: worked as a statistician for Umalusi, a quality assurance Applying Bayesian methods’. The main focus of his study department in general and further education in South Africa. is to model longitudinal data using three methods, namely Mr. Mzamane was appointed as lecturer at DUT from July Marginal, transitional (Markov) and missing data methods in 2017. Mr. Mzamane’s MSc work was on ‘GARCH Modelling conjunction with Bayesian methods. of volatility in the Johannesburg Stock Exchange’. He is

129 Mr Sizwe Mbona

Mr Sizwe Mbona began his academic career at DUT in 2012. He has an MSc from UKZN on the topic ‘Flexible statistical modelling of deaths by diarrhoea in South Africa’. Mr Mbona is currently registered for a PhD in Statistics at UKZN. His PhD research title is ‘A statistical modelling perspective of TB and HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa’.

The main focus of his study is to explore statistical modelling aspects of TB-HIV co-infection. The intention is to access data collected on TB and HIV and compare the survival rates of patients with TB and HIV.

In so doing, the study will seek: To examine factors associated with TB such as age, gender, educational level, , smoking and geographic location. To find which treatment methods are the best for treating TB/HIV. This will include whether TB should first be treated or whether the combined ART treatment, which increases risks of toxicity, is better. The statistical modelling will include using Kaplan Meier survival functions as well as Cox proportional hazards models. Frailty models and shared parameter frailty models will be explored for modelling the survival times of the TB patients. A further modelling aspect is to regard TB re-occurrence as a recurrent event in survival analysis.

130 FACULTY RESEARCH STATISTICS

131 POSTGRADUATE ENROLMENT

BIOTECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY • • • •

,, ....=1:111[IJ • •• . .. •• an "" FOOD TECHNOLOGY FOOD a NUTRITION: CONSUMER SCIENCES • • •• •

.... llJ(MIUlflWHI rlWYUtlt • • "" "" .. an ""

FACULTY

.... DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2014 vs 2018 ·10------2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

132 II II II II 1eo _ ACTUAL STUDENT NUMBERS 2014 201s 2016 2011 201e

Bl0T£CllH(ll)6Y FOOO TECHHOl.OGY CHEMISTRY FOOO 6 HUmmort fWTY CONSUMEJI SCIEllCES

2015 - POSTGRADUATE THROUGHPUT Masters & PhD

..,.'5l~------_

""------

)OS _ ll"------l.OS------IS"------'°"------s"

°" llal!T llll!CitlOIOGY fOOll l!ClllelllOV IMlllTIY f000ill11Tllf11111f FICllUY -IWTllS -- IW1llS - IW1llS -lllSTIJS·- IUSltllS 1111 llGI llGI 1111 IMO

133 RESEARCH OUTPUTS

134 RESEARCH GRANTS 2017 / 2018

Total R9 413 926

135 FACULTY RESEARCH DAY 2016 AWARDEES Coastlands Hotel, Umhlanga

1. NRF NEWLY RATED SCIENTIST Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology- Prof. Kugenthiren Permaul- NRF C2 Rating Department of Mathematics- Prof. Megandhren Govender- NRF C2 Rating 2. RESEARCH EXCELLENCE Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology – Prof. Oluwatosin Ijabadeniyi 3. RESEARCH OUTPUTS Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology- Prof. Kugenthiren Permaul Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology – Prof. Eric Amonsou Department of Chemistry- Prof. K Bisetty 4. OUTSTANDING RESEARCH OUTPUTS Department of Mathematics- Prof. Megandhren Govender Department of Mathematics- Prof. Deonarain Brijlall 5. INNOVATION AND COMMERCIALISATION Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology – Prof. Eric Amonsou 6. OUTSTANDING RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Department of Chemistry- Dr S Kanchi 7. OUTSTANDING PhD STUDENT Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Food Technology- Samson Oyeyinka Department of Chemistry- Mohamed Shahbaaz 8. INNOVATIONS Department of Physics- Dr I Lazarus 9. OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS AS AN HONORARY RESEARCH PROFESSOR Department of Physics- Prof. Krish Bharuth-Ram

136 FACULTY RESEARCH DAY 2017 AWARDEES International Convention Centre, Durban

1. NRF NEWLY RATED SCIENTIST Department of Chemistry- Prof. Robert Moonsamy Gengan- NRF C3 Rating Department of Physics- Prof. Krish Bharuth-Ram- NRF C1 Rating 2. DEPARTMENTAL RESEARCHERS Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology- Prof. Kugenthiren Permaul Department of Chemistry- Prof. Robert Moonsamy Gengan 3. TOP DEPARTMENTAL RESEARCHERS Department of Food and Nutrition- Prof.Carin Napier Department of Mathematics- Prof. Megandhren Govender 4. RESEARCH AND INNOVATION Department of Chemistry- Prof. K Bisetty 5. INNOVATION Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology – Prof. Eric Amonsou 6. ASSOCIATE PROFESSORSHIP Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology – Prof. Oluwatosin Ijabadeniyi 7. TOP MASTERS STUDENT (CUM LAUDE) Department of Chemistry- Athika Darummas 8. TOP MASTERS STUDENT Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology- Agnes Mukurumbira

137 FACULTY RESEARCH DAY 2018 AWARDEES ELANGENI/MAHARANI HOTEL, DURBAN

1. DEPARTMENTAL RESEARCHERS OF THE YEAR Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology- Prof. Tukayi Kudanga

Department of Chemistry- Prof. Robert Gengan

Department of Maritime Studies- Prof. Sanja Bauk

2. FACULTY AWARDS INNOVATOR OF THE YEAR DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Prof. Vincent Bisetty Chili Electrochemical Aptasensor Patent

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY Dr Viresh Mohanlall Nitro coumarins as an anti-tuberculosis agent Patent

3. INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE PROJECT DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND NUTRITION Dr Ashika Naicker Measurement of the effectiveness of a worksite multi-component canteen and behavioral intervention on cardio metabolic risk in India (Mumbai Works). Collaboration with Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, DUT and Yale University INtegrating DIAbetes prevention in WORKplaceS (INDIA-WORKS) Study. Partners (Emory University, Harvard University, Public Health Foundation of India and Madras Diabetes Foundation)

138 4. OUTSTANDING INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY Prof. Kugen Permaul BRICS Project-BRICS technology platform for integrated bioprocessing of agricultural residues for eco-sustainable production of biofuels and by-products 5. YOUNG EMERGING WOMAN RESEARCHER DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Ms Pinky Ntola

6. RESEARCH POSTER OF THE YEAR DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY Mr Kabange Kasumbwe

7. NRF NEWLY RATED RESEARCHERS EXECUTIVE DEAN Prof. Suren Singh: NRF B3 Rating

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY Prof. Tukayi Kudanga: NRF C2 Rating

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY Prof. Oluwatosin Ijabadeniyi: NRF C2 Rating

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Dr Lawrence Madikizela: NRF Y2 Rating

139 8. FACULTY RESEARCH GROUPS OF THE YEAR DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY Enzyme Technology Group . ij .. Prof. Suren Singh and Prof. Kugen Permaul

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY Food Security and Nutrition Group Prof. Eric Amonsou

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Computational Modelling and Bioanalytical Group Prof. Vincent Bisetty

9. PhD STUDENT OF THE YEAR DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY Dr Faiz Ansari Supervisor: Prof. Faizal Bux

10. MASTERS STUDENT OF THE YEAR DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Ms Kwanele Kunene Supervisor: Prof. Vincent Bisetty

11. FACULTY RESEARCHER OF THE YEAR DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Prof. Robert Gengan

12. SPECIAL AWARD EMERGING RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF THE YEAR Sports Science and Management Prof. Cindy Pienaar & TEAM (Award includes one International air-ticket to establish collaboration)

140 FACULTY RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS BIOTECHNOLOGY - 1ST YEAR TO PhD Dr Meng Zhang

FIRST USA PhD Josh Espinoza

BLACK ACADEMIC ADVANCEMENT PROGRAMME Ms Pinky Ntola • NRF • R900 000 • 3 Years

CHEMISTRY Prof Vincent Bisetty • FFF • R11 Million • 2018

141 INTERNATIONALIZATION

BRICS

PHYSICS • Energy Exellence Gloabal

RESEARCHER OF THE YEAR Prof Robert Gengan FAS / DUT Researcher of the Year 2018

142 148