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3 Design Evolution & Alternatives Glyn Rhonwy Pumped Storage 6.02 Environmental Statement Development Consent Order Volume 2 3 DESIGN EVOLUTION & ALTERNATIVES 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 3.2 Site Description ............................................................................................. 3 3.3 Concept of Pumped Storage ........................................................................ 7 3.4 Site Selection ................................................................................................. 8 3.5 Design Evolution ........................................................................................... 9 3.6 Design Evolution: Approved Scheme ......................................................... 9 3.7 Design Evolution: Development Consent Order ...................................... 17 3.8 Alternatives .................................................................................................. 30 October 2015 Glyn Rhonwy Pumped Storage 6.02 Environmental Statement 3-1 Development Consent Order Volume 2 3 DESIGN EVOLUTION & ALTERNATIVES 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 The Development proposed within the DCO application has evolved in two principal stages. The first design evolution related to the approved scheme, with the second evolution taking place following the grant of planning permission for the approved scheme, and in advance of the submission of the DCO application. 3.1.2 Although two distinct stages are identifiable, the design of the approved scheme provided the basis for the design of the Development and as such, the two schemes are intrinsically linked. The principal reason for the design evolution that took place following the approval of the T&CPA application related to the deliverability of that scheme following the Electricity Market Reform (EMR). 3.1.3 This chapter provides an overview of the site description and of the design evolution process for the Development – an iterative process that runs from the early stages of the project through to the approved scheme (as detailed in the 2012 ES), and beyond that through to the final design of the Development as submitted. As many of the scheme elements within the Development were fully design tested as part of the evolution of the approved scheme, this chapter outlines the design process for the approved scheme to ensure that a complete explanation of the context and evolution of the Development is provided. It is the final Development design that has been assessed within this Final ES and which forms the basis of the DCO submission. 3.1.4 An iterative approach has been adopted throughout the design process which has been influenced by the conclusions and findings of the previous 2012 ES, engineering design works, responses received through the consultation process and through updated and additional survey works. October 2015 Glyn Rhonwy Pumped Storage 6.02 Environmental Statement 3-2 Development Consent Order Volume 2 3.1.5 The remainder of this Chapter is organised as follows: Site Description – outlining the location, extent and physical characteristics of the Development site; Concept of Pumped Storage – provides a basic overview of the composition of a pumped storage facility; Site Selection – this section provides an overview of the suitability of the Glyn Rhonwy site for pumped storage; Design Evolution – these sections provide, firstly, an overview of the evolution of the design up to the formal grant of planning permission for the approved scheme, and then secondly, how that design has evolved further into the Development subject to the DCO Application; Rochdale Envelope – this section sets out the rationale for the maximum and minimum parameters established for the environmental impact assessment of the Development; Alternatives - this section outlines how alternative technologies, plant and construction methodologies were considered; and Do Nothing Scenario - this section outlines other types of electricity generation that the UK would rely on in the absence of pumped storage schemes. 3.1.6 All Figures referred to in this chapter are included in Volume 4 of this ES. 3.1.7 Design is an iterative process which is influenced by engineering, technical and economic constraints, along with likely environmental effects identified through EIA processes (undertaken for the approved scheme and for the Development subject to the DCO application). The design process has considered the consultation responses received during consultation in connection with the T&CPA application, and more recent responses received as part of the s42 and s47 consultation of the DCO application. 3.1.8 Following the grant of planning permission for the approved scheme, and the review of the scheme deliverability undertaken by the Applicant in light of the EMR, additional baseline environmental information has been October 2015 Glyn Rhonwy Pumped Storage 6.02 Environmental Statement 3-3 Development Consent Order Volume 2 collated and further mapping and technical constraints have been considered. Preliminary GI works have been undertaken and whilst geotechnical results are awaited, this is not expected to alter or constrain any of the main scheme elements of the Development. 3.1.9 Engineering reviews of the Development design have identified where there may be potential to optimise and improve the indicative design elements (such as the design of the turbine shaft outlined in Section 3.8.11). This design process has defined the Development subject to the DCO and informed the Rochdale Envelope (or maximum parameters) for EIA. The Order Limits and construction methods considered are therefore assessed to represent a worst-case precautionary approach. 3.2 Site Description Introduction 3.2.1 The Development site is located to the west of Cefn Du mountain above Llyn Padarn, centred at National Grid reference SH 56268 60660. 3.2.2 The site is approximately 1.5km north west of Llanberis and 11 km south east of Caernarfon. Volume 4, Figure 1.1 shows the location of the Development, and the Order Limits shown in Volume 4, Figure 1.2. Designations 3.2.3 The Development is located both within and in close proximity to, a number of designated sites. 3.2.4 Llyn Padarn Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) is located to the east of the Development. This is shown in Volume 4, Figure 3.1. The only element of the scheme which enters the SSSI is the spillway infrastructure from the pumping station. 3.2.5 The Afon Gwyrfai Special Area of Conservation is located approximately 2 km to the south west but is connected to the Development by the Nant Y Betws watercourse. This is shown in Volume 4, Figure 3.1. 3.2.6 The Development site is located within a Landscape Character Area (LCA) (designated for its historical landscape) and also within the Dinorwig October 2015 Glyn Rhonwy Pumped Storage 6.02 Environmental Statement 3-4 Development Consent Order Volume 2 Landscape of Outstanding Historical Interest. This is shown in Volume 4, Figure 3.2. 3.2.7 The site is located approximately 1km from the boundary of Snowdonia National Park (SNP). This is shown in Volume 4, Figure 3.3. Site Description 3.2.8 The Order Limits will cover an area of approximately 91.24 ha, an increase of 31.94 ha from the site area of the approved scheme (59.30 ha). This increase is a direct result of the design evolution process which is outlined further in sections 3.6 and 3.7 of this chapter. 3.2.9 The surrounding area has a number of physical characteristics which include a number of quarries, slate tips, a former World War II (WWII) munitions store, a mature plantation woodland, rough grazing land and existing highway network leading to Glyn Rhonwy Industrial Estate platform in the south and to the A4085 in the north. Ffordd Clegir separates two of the lower quarries and also forms the western boundary of the Glyn Rhonwy Industrial Estate. 3.2.10 The quarry system, of which the Development part utilises, has been numbered from Q1 in the east to Q8 in the west near Llyn Padarn, and can also be seen in Volume 4, Figure 3.4: x Quarry 1 (Q1)– Chwarel Fawr; x Quarry 2 (Q2) – Chwarel Cefn Du; x Quarry 3 (Q3) – Cook; x Quarry 4 (Q4) – Ddol; x Quarry 5 (Q5) – unnamed but known locally as ”Film Set Quarry”; x Quarry 6 (Q6)– Glyn Rhonwy; x Quarry 7 (Q7) – unnamed and is a smaller quarry excavated between and to the south of Glyn Rhonwy (Q6) and the former munitions store at Quarry 8 (Q8); and October 2015 Glyn Rhonwy Pumped Storage 6.02 Environmental Statement 3-5 Development Consent Order Volume 2 x Quarry 8 (Q8) – former WWII munitions store (known locally as “the bombstore”). 3.2.11 The Development will utilise Q1 and Q6 to form the headpond and tailpond reservoirs respectively. Parts of Q2 and Q5 have been included within the Order Limits to permit any works which are required to seal connections to these quarries, namely from former mining tunnels. Q7 is included within the order limits but is not directly involved with the Development. Some initial works surrounding Q7 may be required, and any connection between Q6 and Q7 will be sealed, but no other physical works will be undertaken within that quarry. 3.2.12 Water has collected in two of the quarries, especially in Q6 adjacent to the Glyn Rhonwy Industrial Estate. Bathymetry surveys undertaken in 2015 estimate the depth to be approximately 17m in Q6 and approximately 7m in Q1. 3.2.13 The hillside slopes around the quarries are built up with slate waste and interspersed with the remains
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