Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus Chloris Species No.: Band Size: 07

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus Chloris Species No.: Band Size: 07

Australian Bird Study Association Inc. – Bird in the Hand (Second Edition), published on www.absa.asn.au - Revised April 2019 Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris Species No.: Band size: 07 Status: Restricted to mangroves and mudflats of Arabian coasts, Indian Ocean, s.e Asia, Wallacea and Melanesia with the only Australian records being on Ashmore Reef and possibly Christmas Is. Subspecies formerly thought to occupy Aust. mainland coast has been elevated to species status As Torresian Kingfisher T. sordidus (see separate profile sheet) Morphometrics: Adult Male Adult Female Wing: 97 – 114 mm 99 – 115 mm Tail: 63 – 80 mm 67 – 75 mm Weight: 63 – 87 g 57 – 100 g Ageing: Adult (2+) Immature (2-) Juvenile (J) or (1) Bill: Mostly black with pinkish- attains adult-like bill within black with white tips to both white area on basal half of 3 to 4 months of fledging; mandibles; lower mandible; Breast & white; extent of black fringing to white feathers narrowly fringed flanks: white feathers reducing with black giving a scaly with age/wear; appearance; Adult plumage is attained with a complete moult commencing when birds are just over one year old and coinciding with adult post-breeding season moult. Thus adults are aged (2+) & Immatures (2-); Sexing : Adult Male Adult Female Forehead & crown: most of forehead dark brownish-green uniform dark olive-brown; grading to black-green on crown; Mantle & scapulars: mantle black-green grading to dark dark brownish-olive; dark bluish-green on scapulars; Back, rump & green-blue to blue; dark greenish-blue; uppertail coverts; Upperwing coverts; dark bluish-green to dark blue with olive; greenish suffusion Juveniles and immatures resemble the adults of their respective sexes, but are slightly darker. References: HANZAB 4; Drawings: P. Slater in HANZAB 4 - © BirdLife Australia Compiled by J.W. Hardy for the Australian Bird Study Association Inc. and reproduced with permission of BirdLife Australia .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

The White, Collared Kingfisher Halcyon Chlons
Philippines. A possible site for the facility is at Bacolod on the island of Negros to house the seriously endan by Martin Vince gered Negros Bleeding-heart G. keayi, Assistant Curator of Birds the subspecies identified by Mr. Oliver Riverbanks Zoo and Garden, SC as the one most urgently needing help. formerly of Sedgwick County Zoo, KS Combining both aspects of "conser vation aviculture" in relation to the Luzon Bleeding-heart, in captivity and in the wild, has given the CCAFA and Australian aviculturists the opportunity to actively participate in securing the The White, collared Kingfisher Halcyon chlons en families make up the order while the aquatic kingfishers tend to Coraciiformes; most are tropical excavate their own burrows in earthen Tor sub-tropical birds and all banks. Kingfisher eggs are white and have syndactyl feet, i.e., two ofthe for almost spherical, and number 2-3 in ward pointing toes are joined for at the tropics and up to 10 at higher lati least half of their length. Motmots, tudes. todies, bee eaters, and certain rollers The White-collared Kingfisher com and kingfishers nest in burrows that prises 47 sub-species which can be they usually excavate themselves in found over an enormous range, earthen banks, and their syndactyl feet stretching from the Red Sea, eastwards are presumably an important adapta through India, Burma, Thailand, tion to help in such work. Most of the Malaysia and Indonesia, affecting also species in this order are insectivorous the Philippines and many islands in or carnivorous, although the Asian the Pacific Ocean. Indeed, 40 of the hornbills also eat a considerable .sub-species can be found only on amount of fruit.
[Show full text]
Bird List Column A: We Should Encounter (At Least a 90% Chance) Column B: May Encounter (About a 50%-90% Chance) Column C: Possible, but Unlikely (20% – 50% Chance)
THE PHILIPPINES Prospective Bird List Column A: we should encounter (at least a 90% chance) Column B: may encounter (about a 50%-90% chance) Column C: possible, but unlikely (20% – 50% chance) A B C Philippine Megapode (Tabon Scrubfowl) X Megapodius cumingii King Quail X Coturnix chinensis Red Junglefowl X Gallus gallus Palawan Peacock-Pheasant X Polyplectron emphanum Wandering Whistling Duck X Dendrocygna arcuata Eastern Spot-billed Duck X Anas zonorhyncha Philippine Duck X Anas luzonica Garganey X Anas querquedula Little Egret X Egretta garzetta Chinese Egret X Egretta eulophotes Eastern Reef Egret X Egretta sacra Grey Heron X Ardea cinerea Great-billed Heron X Ardea sumatrana Purple Heron X Ardea purpurea Great Egret X Ardea alba Intermediate Egret X Ardea intermedia Cattle Egret X Ardea ibis Javan Pond-Heron X Ardeola speciosa Striated Heron X Butorides striatus Yellow Bittern X Ixobrychus sinensis Von Schrenck's Bittern X Ixobrychus eurhythmus Cinnamon Bittern X Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Black Bittern X Ixobrychus flavicollis Black-crowned Night-Heron X Nycticorax nycticorax Western Osprey X Pandion haliaetus Oriental Honey-Buzzard X Pernis ptilorhynchus Barred Honey-Buzzard X Pernis celebensis Black-winged Kite X Elanus caeruleus Brahminy Kite X Haliastur indus White-bellied Sea-Eagle X Haliaeetus leucogaster Grey-headed Fish-Eagle X Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ WINGS ● 1643 N. Alvernon Way Ste. 109 ● Tucson ● AZ ● 85712 ● www.wingsbirds.com
[Show full text]
Revised Recovery Plan for the Sihek Or Guam Micronesian Kingfisher (Halcyon Cinnamomina Cinnamomina)
DISCLAIMER Recovery plans delineate actions which the best available science indicates are required to recover and protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and sometimes prepared with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Recovery teams serve as independent advisors to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Recovery plans are reviewed by the public and submitted to additional peer review before they are approved and adopted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Nothing in this plan should be construed as a commitment or requirement that any Federal agency obligate or pay funds in contravention of the Anti-Deficiency Act, 31 USC 1341, or any other law or regulation. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Recovery plans represent the official position of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service only after they have been signed as approved by the Regional Director or Director. Approved recovery plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status, and the completion of recovery actions. Please check for updates or revisions at the website addresses provided below before using this plan. Literature citation of this document should read as follows: U.S.
[Show full text]
DNA Barcoding of the White-Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus Chloris (Boddaert 1783) (Alcedinidae) Using the Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I Gene
SHORT COMMUNICATION DNA barcoding of the White-Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris (Boddaert 1783) (Alcedinidae) using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene Adrian U. Luczon*, Abdel Hadi M. Mohammad Isa, Jonas P. Quilang, Perry S. Ong, Ian Kendrich C. Fontanilla DNA Barcoding Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman 1101, Quezon City, Philippines he White-Collared Kingfisher (Todiramphus KEY WORDS: chloris) is a resident Philippine bird species. In accordance with the objective of the All Birds molecular phylogeny, White-collared Kingfisher, Alcedinidae, Barcoding Initiative (ABBI) to barcode all bird cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), DNA barcoding species in the world, this study reports the first Tbarcodes of T. chloris using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome INTRODUCTION c oxidase subunit I (COI). COI sequences from this species as well as from other members of the family Alcedinidae available The White-Collared Kingfisher, Todiramphus chloris in Genbank and the Barcodes of Life Data (BoLD) Systems (Boddaert 1783), is a medium-sized kingfisher belonging to the were compared in order to test for the utility of COI to delineate family Alcedinidae, subfamily Daceloninae, sometimes under species. Monophyly of the species was established, supporting the alternative family Halcyonidae (Moyle 2006, Christidis and the use of barcodes for species discovery. Sequences between T. Boles 2008). The genus Todiramphus is composed of 22 species chloris and T. sanctus, however, revealed a close association (Dickinson 2003). Todiramphus was for a time placed under between the two species which warrants further taxonomic Halcyon, with T. chloris previously named as H. chloris in light review. of DNA hybridization experiments (Sibley and Monroe 1990) but was then ‘unlumped’ when it became clear that Halcyon was polyphyletic and is most likely composed of at least two *Corresponding author lineages, an Afro-Asian Halcyon and Australasian Todiramphus Email Address: [email protected] (Schodde and Mason 1997, Woodall 2001).
[Show full text]
AUSTRALIA Queensland & Top End June 22 – July 4, 2013
Sunrise Birding LLC AUSTRALIA Queensland & Top End June 22 – July 4, 2013 TRIP REPORT Sunrise Birding LLC, PO Box 274, Cos Cob, CT 06807 USA www.sunrisebirding.com 203.453.6724 Sunrise Birding LLC www.sunrisebirding.com AUSTRALIA Queensland & Top End TRIP REPORT June 22 – July 4, 2013 Leaders: Gina Nichol, Steve Bird & Barry Davies HIGHLIGHTS : BIRDS MAMMALS • Rainbow Pitta • Duck-billed Platypus • Gouldian Finch • Sugar Gliders • Hooded Parrot • Striped Possum • Golden Bowerbird • Dingo • Australian Bustard • Small-eared Rock Wallaby • Papuan Frogmouth • Tawny Frogmouth MOMENTS & EXPERIENCES • Chowchilla • Thousands of Brown Noddies and • Spotted Harrier Sooty Terns at Michaelmas Cay • Chestnut-quilled Rock Pigeon • Tawny Frogmouths too close to • Pied Heron believe • Black-necked Stork • Tens of thousands of ducks and • Black-breasted Buzzard geese at Hasties Swamp • Beach Stone Curlew • The Chowchilla dawn chorus • Northern Rosella • Wompoo Fruit Dove on a nest • Double-eyed Fig Parrot • Golden Bowerbird male preening • Lovely Fairywren above our heads! • White-lined Honeyeater • Spotted Harrier flying along with • Fernwren the bus at close range • Arafura Fantail • Victoria's Riflebird displaying • Barking Owl • Aboriginal Art at Kakadu • Victoria's Riflebird Rarities • Cotton Pygmy Goose at Catana Wetland • Freckled Duck at Hastie’s Swamp • Masked Booby at Michaelmas Cay Day 1, June 22 – Cairns area Paul, Darryl, Gina and Steve arrived on the previous day and this morning before breakfast, we walked from our hotel to the Cairns Esplanade before breakfast. Just outside the hotel were male and female Brown Sunrise Birding LLC, PO Box 274, Cos Cob, CT 06807 USA www.sunrisebirding.com 203.453.6724 Honeyeaters and flocks of Rainbow Lorikeets flying over as we crossed the streets heading toward the waterfront.
[Show full text]
Rossel Is. Bird Checklist Louisiade Group, P.N.G
Rossel Is. Bird Checklist Louisiade Group, P.N.G. 11 21 04s 154 10 31e Compiled by M.K. Tarburton, Pacific Adventist University, PNG. [To communicate please re-type above address into your e-mail program] # Common Name Scientific Name Ecol. Status Abundance References 1. White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae Vag P, M coll 7 Jan 1916 Tring, 10,16, 2. Eastern Reef Egret Egretta sacra Res bre Obs. Oct 2004, 10, 3. Eastern Osprey Pandion cristatus Res bre P Oct 2004, 10, 4. White-bellied Sea-eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster Res bre P Oct 2004, 10, 5. Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus girrenera Res P Oct 2004, 10, 6. Collared Sparrowhawk Accipiter cirrhocephalus rosselianus Res bre MC in lowland forests, P Oct 2004, Imm M coll 1916 Tring, 8,10,14,16, 7. Orange-footed Scrubfowl Megapodius reinwardt macgillivrayi Res bre MC, P Oct 2004, 3 coll Tring, 9,10,14, 8. Beach Stone-curlew Esacus magnirostris Res bre 1st record Oct 2004, 10, 9. Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva Sum Mig 4 spec Jan & Feb C Feb 1898?, 2,14, 10. Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Sum Mig C. C Feb 1898, 5,14, 11. Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii Sum Mig MC. C end Jan to End March 1890’s, 5,14, 12. Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus Sum Mig C throughout Feb 1890’s, 14, 13. Grey-tailed Tattler Tringa brevipes Sum Mig 2 spec Feb 2, 14. Wandering Tattler Tringa incana Sum Mig 2F coll 12 Feb 1898 Tring Mus, 14, 15. Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Sum Mig P from end Jan to End Feb 1898, 14, 16.
[Show full text]
Ultimate Philippines
The bizarre-looking Philippine Frogmouth. Check those eyes! (Dani Lopez-Velasco). ULTIMATE PHILIPPINES 14 JANUARY – 4/10/17 FEBRUARY 2017 LEADER: DANI LOPEZ-VELASCO This year´s Birdquest “Ultimate Philippines” tour comprised of the main tour and two post-tour extensions, resulting in a five-week endemics bonanza. The first three weeks focused on the better-known islands of Luzon, Palawan and Mindanao, and here we had cracking views of some of those mind-blowing, world´s must-see birds, including Philippine Eagle, Palawan Peacock-Pheasant, Wattled Broadbill and Azure- breasted Pitta, amongst many other endemics. The first extension took us to the central Visayas where exciting endemics such as the stunning Yellow-faced Flameback, the endangered Negros Striped Babbler or the recently described Cebu Hawk-Owl were seen well, and we finished with a trip to Mindoro and remote Northern Luzon, where Scarlet-collared Flowerpecker and Whiskered Pitta delighted us. 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Ultimate Philippines www.birdquest-tours.com Our success rate with the endemics– the ones you come to the Philippines for- was overall very good, and highlights included no less than 14 species of owl recorded, including superb views of Luzon Scops Owl, 12 species of beautiful kingfishers, including Hombron´s (Blue-capped Wood) and Spotted Wood, 5 endemic racket-tails and 9 species of woodpeckers, including all 5 flamebacks. The once almost impossible Philippine Eagle-Owl showed brilliantly near Manila, odd looking Philippine and Palawan Frogmouths gave the best possible views, impressive Rufous and Writhed Hornbills (amongst 8 species of endemic hornbills) delighted us, and both Scale-feathered and Rough-crested (Red-c) Malkohas proved easy to see.
[Show full text]
Malaysia & Borneo Trip Report
Malaysia & Borneo Trip Report Rainforest Birds & Mammals th th 8 to 26 June 2015 The scarce and beautiful Jambu Fruit Dove, Taman Nagara by Rosemary Loyd RBT Trip Report Malaysia & Borneo 2015 2 The rare Whitehead’s Trogon, Mt Kinabalu and a male Crested Fireback, Taman Nagara, both by Butch Carter Top Ten Birds as voted by the participants: 1) Whitehead’s Broadbill 2) Whitehead’s Trogon 3) Jambu Fruit Dove 4) Bornean Green Magpie 5) Long-tailed Broadbill 6) Buffy Fish Owl 7) Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher/Hooded Pitta 8) Temminck’s Sunbird 9) Rhinoceros Hornbill 10) Crested Fireback Mammals: 1) Malaysian Tapir 2) Orangutan 3) Proboscis Monkey 4) Small-clawed Otter RBT Trip Report Malaysia & Borneo 2015 3 Tour Leaders: Dennis Yong and Erik Forsyth Tour report compiled by Tour Leader: Erik Forsyth Temminck’s Sunbird by John Clark Tour Summary On this year’s tour we recorded the rare and highly prized Whitehead’s Trogon, Whitehead’s Broadbill (after a long search on Mount Kinabalu) and Garnet, Blue-headed, Black-crowned and Hooded Pittas. Other mouthwatering species seen were Rhinoceros, Wreathed, Wrinkled and Black Hornbills, White- fronted and Black-thighed Falconets, Black-and-red, Black-and-yellow, Long-tailed, Dusky, Green and Banded Broadbills, the stunning Oriental Dwarf, Blue-eared, Blue-banded and Stork-billed Kingfishers, Red-headed, Diard’s, Red-naped and Scarlet-rumped Trogons, Great-billed Heron, Painted and Storm’s Storks, Lesser Adjutant, Wallace’s, Rufous-bellied and Blyth’s Hawk-Eagles, Crested Fireback, Buffy Fish and Brown Wood Owls, the highly sought-after Bornean Bristlehead and Blue Nuthatch, the endangered Straw-headed Bulbul, a whopping eight sightings of Orangutan and several troops of Proboscis Monkey, Malaysian Tapir and Western Tarsier.
[Show full text]
OF the TOWNSVILLE REGION LAKE ROSS the Beautiful Lake Ross Stores Over 200,000 Megalitres of Water and Supplies up to 80% of Townsville’S Drinking Water
BIRDS OF THE TOWNSVILLE REGION LAKE ROSS The beautiful Lake Ross stores over 200,000 megalitres of water and supplies up to 80% of Townsville’s drinking water. The Ross River Dam wall stretches 8.3km across the Ross River floodplain, providing additional flood mitigation benefit to downstream communities. The Dam’s extensive shallow margins and fringing woodlands provide habitat for over 200 species of birds. At times, the number of Australian Pelicans, Black Swans, Eurasian Coots and Hardhead ducks can run into the thousands – a magic sight to behold. The Dam is also the breeding area for the White-bellied Sea-Eagle and the Osprey. The park around the Dam and the base of the spillway are ideal habitat for bush birds. The borrow pits across the road from the dam also support a wide variety of water birds for some months after each wet season. Lake Ross and the borrow pits are located at the end of Riverway Drive, about 14km past Thuringowa Central. Birds likely to be seen include: Australasian Darter, Little Pied Cormorant, Australian Pelican, White-faced Heron, Little Egret, Eastern Great Egret, Intermediate Egret, Australian White Ibis, Royal Spoonbill, Black Kite, White-bellied Sea-Eagle, Australian Bustard, Rainbow Lorikeet, Pale-headed Rosella, Blue-winged Kookaburra, Rainbow Bee-eater, Helmeted Friarbird, Yellow Honeyeater, Brown Honeyeater, Spangled Drongo, White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike, Pied Butcherbird, Great Bowerbird, Nutmeg Mannikin, Olive-backed Sunbird. White-faced Heron ROSS RIVER The Ross River winds its way through Townsville from Ross Dam to the mouth of the river near the Townsville Port.
[Show full text]
Checklist of Avifauna at Selected Ecological Corridors in Peninsular Malaysia
ChecklistJournal of of Wildlife Avifauna and at Parks, Selected 34: Ecological 105-117 (2019) Corridors 105 CHECKLIST OF AVIFAUNA AT SELECTED ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA *Alwani N. Zakaria, Shahfiz M. Azman, Faradiana N.M. Fauzi, Nor Hazwani A. Ruzman & Kaviarasu Munian Zoology Branch, Fauna Biodiversity Program, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor. *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Thirty-seven ecological corridors have been identified in the Central Forest Spine (CFS) Master Plan. Of these, Panti Forest Reserve– Ulu Sedili Forest Reserve (PL3) and Sungai Yu Forest Reserve–Tanum Forest Reserve (PL1) which are located in Johor and Pahang respectively are among the important ecological corridors in Peninsular Malaysia. The main objective of this paper is to provide a preliminary checklist of avifauna at these corridors. Ten mist nets were set up at each forest reserve for five- sampling nights, respectively. Inventories were carried out from March to September 2017. Overall, from Panti and Ulu Sedili Forest Reserves, 203 individuals from 59 species were recorded while Sungai Yu and Tanum Forest Reserves documented 129 individuals from 45 species. Of these, 18 species are categorised as Near Threatened, and one species each under the Vulnerable category in PL3; while in PL1, 12 species under the Near Threatened category were recorded. Weather, fruiting season and vast resources may affect the number of species captured. Based on this information, further action must be taken to conserve these fragmented forest reserves as a habitat for the valuable avifauna species. Keywords: Avifauna, ecological corridors, Central Forest Spine, Panti - Ulu Sedili FR, Sungai Yu - Tanum FR.
[Show full text]
Predation of an Enggano Flying Lizard
Herpetology Notes, volume 14: 49-51 (2021) (published online on 09 January 2021) Predation of an Enggano Flying Lizard (Draco modiglianii Vinciguerra, 1892) (Squamata: Agamidae) by a Collared Kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris) on Enggano Island, Indonesia Muhammad Iqbal1, Adi Kuswanto2, Kurratul Aini3, Arum Setiawan4, and Indra Yustian4 Enggano is a small island (area = 39,587 ha) located its small body size (D. modigliani is one of the smallest ca. 100 km southwest off the coast of Sumatra in the Draco species, with males reaching a maximum snout– Indian Ocean. Politically, it is part of Bengkulu Utara vent length of only 67 mm) and the lack of enlarged District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia (Regen, 2011; scales on the distal terminus of the dewlap (Roij, 1915; Maryanto et al., 2017). Although the island is relatively McGuire et al., 2007). close to Sumatra, it is thought that it island has never During a field survey on 2 March 2020 at 14.50 h, we had a land connection to the mainland of Sumatra observed a Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus( chloris) (Whitten et al., 2000). There are ten reptiles reported with lizard prey in its bill (Fig. 1) in a garden bordering to occur on Enggano, including the geckos Cnemaspis a forest in Banjar Sari Village, Enggano Subdistrict, modiglianii (as Gonatodes kandianus), Cyrtodactylus Bengkulu Utara District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia marmoratus (as Gymnodactylus marmoratus), Gehyra (0.7017°S, 89.3883°E). The bird sat with the prey held mutilata, Lepidodactylus lugubris (as L. ceylonensis), in its bill for about 2 min before flying off with the prey and Gekko kuhli (as Ptychozoon homalocephalum), the item.
[Show full text]
Philippines 2013: Visayan Islands & Mindoro Extension
Field Guides Tour Report Philippines 2013: Visayan Islands & Mindoro extension Mar 24, 2013 to Mar 31, 2013 Dave Stejskal & Mark Villa For our tour description, itinerary, past triplists, dates, fees, and more, please VISIT OUR TOUR PAGE. Because of a change in the airline schedule to Mindoro, we had to alter our plans for this extension and the main tour, flip-flopping our visit to Mindoro with our first venue on the main tour, Subic Bay. This worked out well since all of you were signed up to do the extension anyway, so nothing was lost. We were pretty fortunate with the weather again on this extension, only having some ill-timed showers on Bohol that kept us off of the trails for a bit of time one afternoon. Other than that, it was lovely! This short extension visited four islands, each with a number of island endemics and/or some Philippine endemics that we never caught up with on the main tour. Mindoro produced Mindoro Racquet-tail, Mindoro Hornbill, Mindoro Bulbul, Scarlet-collared Flowerpecker, "Mindoro" Hawk-Owl, and our surprise Green-faced Parrotfinches; productive Bohol yielded Samar Hornbill, Yellow-breasted Tailorbird, Visayan Blue-Fantail, Black-crowned Babbler, and a lovely Northern Silvery-Kingfisher - plus all of those fabulous Philippine Colugos!; nearly denuded Cebu gave us the newly described Cebu Hawk-Owl, White-vented Whistler, Black Shama, Streak-breasted Bulbul, and our fist Lemon-throated Warbler; and Negros, at the end of the trip, held Visayan Fantail, Visayan Bulbul, Visayan Though tarsiers are found only in SE Asia, they are most closely related to the New World monkeys.
[Show full text]