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Western Atlantic Shrimps of the Genus Metapenaeopsis V (Crustacea, Decapoda, ' Penaeidae), with Descriptions of Three New Species ±

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Western Atlantic Shrimps of the Genus Metapenaeopsis V (Crustacea, Decapoda, ' Penaeidae), with Descriptions of Three New Species ± ISABEL PEREZ FARFAN Western Atlantic Shrimps of the Genus Metapenaeopsis V (Crustacea, Decapoda, ' Penaeidae), with Descriptions of Three New Species ± SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 79 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These pub- lications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, and other interested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 79 Isabel Perez Farfante Western Atlantic Shrimps of the Genus Metapenaeopsis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with Descriptions of Three New Species SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON ABSTRACT Perez Farfante, Isabel. Western Atlantic Shrimps of the Genus Metapenaeopsis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with Descriptions of Three New Species. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 79: 1-S7. 1971. Five species of the genus Metapenaeopsis occur in the western Atlantic, three of which are described as new. A key for their separation, synonymies, disposition of the types, diagnoses, detailed descriptions, and illustrations are presented for each species, and their affinities are discussed. Their geographic and bathymetric ranges together with data on habits and habiuts are also included. The morphology and development of the peculiar asymmetrical petasma of Metapenaeopsis have been investigated, and correlations made with previous significant works. Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1971 For ule by the Superintendent of Document., VS. Government Printing Offlc* Washington, D.C. 80408 - Price 45 cents (paper cover) Isabel Pirez Farfante Western Atlantic Shrimps of the Genus Metapenaeopsis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with Descriptions of Three New Species Introduction of earlier works on die genus and an evaluation of the petasmal characteristics in diagnosing super- The American species of the genus Metapenaeopsis specific taxa. Carapace length (c.l.) was measured were investigated by Burkenroad (1934) who re- from the orbital margin to the midposterior margin defined the taxon and reduced it to a subgenus of of the carapace, and total length (t.l.) from the apex the genus Penaeopsis. Not only did he present a of the rostrum to the posterior end of the telson. critical review of the earlier literature, but he also contributed greatly to our understanding of the Metapenaeopsis is treated as a separate genus, genus as a whole. In the last three decades additions rather than as a subgenus of Penaeopsis; I thus fol- to our knowledge of the New World species have low Kubo (1949) who concluded that these shrimps been limited essentially to records of their presence possess a number of characters of generic rank. The in various areas. One exception is the description of asymmetrical petasma is unique and undoubtedly the general morphology of "Penaeopsis goodei the most outstanding generic feature. Burkenroad (Smith)" by Williams (1965). (1959) indicated that a generic status for Meta- penaeopsis "will probably prove acceptable as a con- Until a large collection of these shrimps from the venience, after these groups have become better western Atlantic recently became available to me, understood." the abundance of the Metapenaeopsis fauna, and its wide distribution along the east coast of America had not been realized. This material has allowed me Acknowledgments to present a more detailed account of the morphol- ogy—particularly of the external genitalia—of the I thank Harvey R. Bullis, Jr., for making available various species, to follow the development of the to me the extensive material collected during the petasma through the juvenile stage, and to investi- Oregon and Silver Bay cruises; Jacques Forest for gate the ranges of morphological variation in two the loan of the specimens taken from the Calypso; species. Three new species are added to the genus, Gilbert L. Voss and Frederick M. Bayer for permit- and the known distributions of those previously ting me to study the collections made during the described are extended. Included also is a review Gerda and Pillsbury expeditions; Willard D. Hartman and Herbert W. Levi for lending me the Isabel Pern Farfante, Systematic Biologist, Bureau of Com- Metapenaeopsis of the Peabody Museum of Natural mercial Fisheries, Systematics Laboratory, Washington, D.C. History and the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 20560. respectively; Waldo L. Schmitt and Lipke B. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Holthuis for their help in locating the types of The asymmetrical petasma Metapenaeopsis smithi (Schmitt), and Thomas £. The major studies of the structure and probable Bowman, Fenner A. Chace, Jr., and Horton H. homologies of the asymmetrical petasma are rather Hobbs, Jr., for their constructive criticisms of the difficult to comprehend because of the various ter- manuscript Finally, special thanks go to Maria M. minologies employed and the lack of precision in Dieguez for preparing the illustrations, without delimiting certain structures. Below, I have discussed which this work would be far less useful to future these contributions in an attempt to assist others in students of the genus Metapenaeopsis. comparing and interpreting previous descriptions. The material examined in this study is located in The generalized pattern of the asymmetrical pe- the following institutions, cited by their abbrevia- tasma was first described by Kishinouye (1929), who tions: American Museum of Natural History presented a nomenclature for designating the most (AMNH) ; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, conspicuous parts. He recognized that each petasmal Paris (MNHNP); Museum of Comparative Zoology, endopod is divided into anterior [distal] and pos- Harvard University (MCZ); Peabody Museum of terior [proximal] halves, and that the distal half is Natural History, Yale University (YPM); Rosenstiel subdivided longitudinally into "external and inter- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Univer- nal pieces." Further, he stated that the left "internal sity of Miami (RSMAS); and the United States Na- piece" is subdivided transversely, or transversely and tional Museum, Smithsonian Institution (USNM). longitudinally. Burkenroad (1934) discussed Kishi- TABLE 1.—Nomenclature used by different authors in descriptions of the peculiar distal structures of the petasma of Metapenaeopsis Kishinouye (1929) Burkenroad (19M) Kubo (1949) Present study Left external piece Left distoventral Left distoventral Left distoventral projection projection projection Right external piece Right distoventral Right distoventral Right distoventral projection projection projection Distal portion of left Left distordorsal endopod divided lobule and inner and outer intermediate strips (Indo-Padfic spedes) Left dorsal piece: Left internal piece Distal portion of left "distodorsal lobule endopod simple and inner and outer intermediate strips.. united" (Indo-Padfic spedes) Left distodorsal element and left distodorsal projection (American spedes) Right distodorsal Right distodorsal element, proximal part Distomedian lobe lobule and right distodorsal and subapical projections first distal part or Right internal piece convoluted distal Distoventral flap Distoventral flap Distoventral flap part second distal part Distolateral lobe Distomedian lobule Distoventral element NUMBER 79 distoventral element distoventral flap subapical projection right distodorsal projection left distodorsal projection left distodorsal element right distodorsal right element distoventral projection B sternite XII 3rd pereopod ( sternite XIII \ anterior part ft) jmedian bridge •o V 4th pereopod boss hood sternite XIV transverse plate 5th pereopod posterior ridge_J^ Fieuu 1.—Feature* of the external geniulia used in Metapenaeopsu taxonomy, A. Ventral view of petasma. B. Dorsal view of petasma. c, Thdycum. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY nouye's work, and indicated
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